CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION OF NEWSPAPER
INDUSTRY

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 INTRODUCTION

Human tendency to know and communicate is prevalent ever since the genesis of
mankind. Communication or dissemination of information about some happening can
also be observed from the other living beings such as animals and birds. All beings
communicate with one another in their own way in order to inform each other about
some happening which are relevant to them. Animals and birds do make different
sounds and gestures to let their peer group know in case of an opportunity or a
possible threat from other animals or nature. The same way human beings also
communicate about the happenings, both good and bad, within their group. This need
for communication was predominant ever since the existence of all living beings

The information which is communicated to other person or a group in order to keep

him/Them informed about a happening can be named as ―news‖. Thus ―News‖ may
be inferred as communication addressed to someone or a group of people about some
happening, which is not known to the other persons in the group‖. The necessity of
sharing news has been increasing with the passage of time, increase in population,
technological advancements etc.
Sending messages to a large number of people and at greater speed was what humans
were always looking for. During ancient days, men used to travel to villages and
towns to convey any important news pertaining to that province, within village there
used to be a person, who would go around announcing important notifications to
make people aware of some happening. It could be about the war, or about a special
scheme or some issue of local importance. This can be effectively termed as ‗mass
communication‘. The invention of paper and printing has led to the genesis of
newspapers, which were considered as the first step towards mass communication.
Newspaper, Television is considered most popular news carriers.

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 NEWS PAPER

 Over the years, the world has seen umpteen newspapers and periodicals in various
languages. The developments and innovations in the printing and communication
technology have widened the scope for the newspapers. The newspapers went on
becoming the major source of current affairs

 A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current

events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background
 news and information in many parts of the world.

 Newspapers have had the advantage of the most ancient and widely read means of
news. The recent advancements in the communication technologies have posed a
serious threat to the existence of newspapers. With the changing lifestyles and coping
with the demands of a fast paced life, the present day readers are flooded with news
and information from multiple sources, which have a distinct advantage of being
extremely faster in reach and widely available.

 Given this scenario, the major challenge for newspaper organizations is to keep the
product up-to-date with the requirements of the readers and compete with other
electronic and digital media. Many newspaper organizations are finding various
means of engaging with the readers and make newspapers more relevant to them by
adding value to their products and services, to make them more relevant for their
readers. This study is aimed at studying various underlying news and information
needs of the students in order to revitalize the newspapers.

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 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER

 In ancient times, the rulers used to disseminate important information to the people as
proclamations, inscribed in metal or stone. These can be considered as the foundation
for today‘s form of newspapers.
 For centuries, civilizations have used print media to spread news and information to
the masses. The Roman ActaDiurna, which appeared around 59 B.C, is the earliest
recorded ―newspaper‖
 Julius Caesar, wanting to inform the public about important social and political news,
ordered forthcoming events to be sent to major cities. Huge boards of white in colour
were displayed with news written on them, at popular places, the Acta kept citizens
informed about government outrages, army campaigns, hearings and executions.
 In China during 8th century, the first newspapers appeared which was hand-written
sheets of paper and distributed in Beijing.
 The printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg in the year 1447. Gutenberg‘s
machine enabled the free exchange of ideas and the spread of knowledge. During this
era, newsletters were supplied to a growing merchant class with news relevant to trade
and commerce. Manuscript newssheets used to be circulated in German during the
late 15th century.
 In Renaissance Europe, handwritten newsletters circulated privately among the
business community which used to contain information ranging from social issues to
economy to wars. The first printed newspapers dates back to 14th century when the
news got printed in the form of pamphlets. Around the same period, the corantos,
small news pamphlets were printed as means to inform a noteworthy happening.
While the first successively published title got printed during 1622, the year 1966 had
witnessed the first major newspaper in English, the London Gazette.
 In the first half of the Seventeenth century, newspapers were released more regularly.
The first-generation of modern newspapers were from western European countries
like German (Relation, 1605), France (Gazette, 1631), Belgium (NieuweTijdingen,
1616) and England (London Gazette, 1665)
 These periodicals used to consist mainly the news from Europe, and intermittently
incorporated information from America or Asia. They rarely covered domestic issues.
Newspaper content began to shift towards ‗local issues‘ in the latter half of the 17th
century.
 The invention of the telegraph in 1844 transformed print media, ease in transferring
information facilitated prompt and relevant reporting. In the year 1870, Japan had its
first daily newspaper Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun.

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  By the middle of the 19th century, newspapers have become the primary source of
news and information. The period 1890-1920 is known as the ―golden age‖ of print
media, as William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, and Lord Northcliffe built huge
publishing empires.

(PHOTO 1 : TIMES OF INDIA PAPER )

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NEWSPAPER AT TIME OF INDEPENDENT

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 NEWSPAPER SIZE
MORDERN TECHNOLOGY IN NEWSPAPER

 From the days of wooden block printing, newspaper printing has undergone many changes to
keep abreast with the technological advancements resulting in modernization of print media. For
a long time, these were produced by hand composing, replaced by monotype and linotype. Later
evolved a machine operated by a key board which was used to compose letters. This has also
become obsolete after the evolution of techniques viz. typesetting in computers, offset printing
and laser printing etc
 Offset printing is a widely used printing technique wherethe inked image is transferred from a
plate to a rubber blanket, then to the surface on which it is to be printed. Currently, most
newspapers are printed using the technique of offset lithography‘ and are printed in colour to
make the page look attractive.

 Few publishers undertake colour printing only in the case of supplements and special pages.

19TH CENTURY PRINTING MACHINE

MODERN MACHINE FOR NEWS

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PAPER PRINTING
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Newspapers are printed in a variety of sizes with the most common sizes

N E W S P A P E R S IZ E
BROADSHEET

BERLINER

TABLOID

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 BRODSHEET

 The term broadsheet derives from single sheets of political satire and ballads sold on
the streets. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante, published in
1618.
 Broadsheet became popular after the British placed a tax on newspapers by the
number of pages in the year 1712
 Newspapers currently using the broadsheet format include: The Daily Telegraph in
the United Kingdom, ‗The National Post‘ of Canada, ‗Die Zeit‘ of Germany, The
times of india in India, The Japan Times and USA Today.
The two versions of the broadsheet are:

 Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it
forms four pages (the front page front and back and the back page front and back).
The four pages are called a spread. Inside broadsheets are nested accordingly.
 Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually an inside page that is not folded
vertically and just includes a front and back.

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 BERLINER

 The Berliner was used by newspaper in Europe. The guardian newspaper of united

kingdom initially use this format. In India financial daily use this format.
 The Berliner format is an innovation in press and an alternative to the broadsheet format
 The name refers to the city of berlin & was originally contrasted with "North German" and
"French" sizes in the early 20th century.
 Berliner, or "midi", is a newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 315 by
470 millimeters (12.4 in × 18.5 in). The Berliner format is slightly taller and marginally
wider than the tabloid/compact format; and is both narrower and shorter than the
broadsheet format

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 TABLOID

 A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet. There is
no standard size for this newspaper format.

 The term tabloid journalism refers to an emphasis on such topics as sensational crime
stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and television, and is not a reference to newspapers
printed in this format. Some small-format papers with a high standard of journalism
refer to themselves as compact newspapers. Larger newspapers, traditionally
associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets, even if the
newspaper is now printed on smaller pages.

 The word "tabloid" comes from the name given by the London-based pharmaceutical
company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as
"Tabloid" pills in the late 1880s

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 MAJOR NEWSPAPER IN INDIA

1)THE TIMES OF INDIA

 The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The

Times Group .
 It is the third-largest newspaper in India by circulation and largest selling English-
language daily in the world according to Audit Bureau of Circulations (India).
 It is the oldest English-language newspaper in India still in circulation, albeit under
different names since its first edition published in 1838.
 It is also the second-oldest Indian newspaper still in circulation after the Bombay
Samachar.
 The Times of India (TOI) is a popular English-language broadsheet newspaper in India. It
has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers in the world, across all
formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online. It is owned and managed by
Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family.
 According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2010, the Times of India is the most
widely read English newspaper in India with a readership of 13.4 million. This ranks the
Times of India as the top English newspaper in India by readership.
 TOI Online is the world's most-visited newspaper website with 159 million page views in
May 2009

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2)THE HINDU

 The Hindu is an Indian daily newspaper, headquartered in Chennai.

 It was started as a weekly in 1878 and became a daily in 1889. It is one of the Indian
newspapers of record and the second most circulated English-language newspaper in
India, after The Times of India.
 The newspaper and other publications in The Hindu Group are owned by a family-
held company, Kasturi and Sons Ltd.
 The Hindu is published from 21 locations across 11 states

3)HINDUSTAN TIMES

 Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924

with roots in the Indian independence movement of the period ("Hindustan" being a
historical name for India).
 Hindustan Times was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi and known for supporting the
Congress party.
 The newspaper is owned by Congress Rajya Sabha M.P. Shobhana Bhartia.
 It is popular in North India, with simultaneous editions from New Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi and Chandigarh.
 Hindustan Times was ranked 291st among India's most trusted brands and
subsequently, according to the Brand Trust Report 2013
 Other sister publications of Hindustan Times are Mint

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 4)DAINIK BHASKAR

 Dainik Bhaskar is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper that is the largest circulated
daily newspaper of India.
 It is owned by Dainik Bhaskar Group (D B Corp Ltd.), the largest Print Media Company
of India.
 Started in Bhopal in 1958, it expanded in 1983 with the launch of Dainik Bhaskar's
Indore edition. Today, Dainik Bhaskar Group is present in 14 states with 63 editions in
Hindi, English, Marathi and Gujarati.
 In June 2017, Dainik Bhaskar launched its Hindi News Apps on three different platforms
i.e. Android, iPhone and Windows.

5) DAINIK JAGRAN

 Dainik Jagran is an Indian Hindi language daily newspaper.

 As of 2017 it was the largest newspaper in India by circulation. As of 2010 it was the
17th most read in the world.
 It was the brainchild of the freedom fighter Mr. Puranchandra Gupta. Its first edition
was launched in Jhansi in 194
 It is owned by Jagran Prakashan Limited, a publishing house listed on the Bombay
Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.
 It is the 17th most widely read newspaper in the world.

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 MAJOR NEWSPAPER IN AHMEDABAD

1) DIVYA BHASKAR

 Divya Bhaskar  is a Gujarati newspaper in Gujarat, India, owned by D B Corp Ltd.

 owned by D B Corp Ltd. It is one of the highest circulation Gujarati dailies
 The Bhopal-based Bhaskar Group identified Ahmedabad, Gujarat as the city with highest
potential for the fourth launch of Dainik Bhaskar outside Madhya Pradesh (MP).
 The newspaper was launched in Ahmedabad on 23 June 2003, under the name Divya
Bhaskar.

2)SANDESH

 It is published in Gujrati and was founded in 1923.The Ahmedabad-based Gujarati

newspaper is also published from Mumbai, Vadodara, Bhuj, Surat, Rajkot and
Bhavnagar. 

 Sandesh has 7 supplements published: Sanskar, Nari, Ardha, Saptahik, Nakshatra,

Cine Sandesh, Kids World, Shraddha, Action Replay, and Business@sandesh. 

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 3)GUJRAT SAMACHAR

 Gujarat Samachar is a Gujarati language daily newspaper in India.

 It is a leading Gujarati newspaper in the Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra with

the average daily readership of 4.6 million as per Indian Readership Survey 2014.

 It has headquarter in Ahmedabad. It has one branch in Surat as well and distributes
editionsfrom Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Mumbai, Mehsana,
Bhuj and New York City.

 The paper was founded in 1932, and acquired by Shantilal Shah (1920-c.1984) in 1952.Y

 Its first issue was published on 16 January 1932.

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