LA CONSOLACION UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

CATMON, CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

School Year 2018-2019

Outrunning Time: Determining Senior High School Students’ Perception on the

Deteriorating Effects of Climate Change to Take Action

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment

of The Academic Requirements in
Practical Research

Submitted by:
Del Rosario, Nina Anne B.
Estella, Samantha C.
Navarro, Ericka Grace
Guirina, Irent Darren B.

STEM 11A

March 2019
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Abstract

This paper reports a study conducted to determine senior high school students of

La Consolacion University Philippines’ awareness level on climate change and how do

these alarming levels affect their urge for immediate action. For this purpose, a total of 100

respondents from five different Academic Strands of Grade 12 took part in the study. For

data collection purposes, the checklist instrument was used. The checklist were divided

and categorized in order to accumulate the data with correct computation and organization.

It was categorized based on geographical location, time frame, and different types or effects

of climate change. The results show that students have undeniably high alarming rate that

means urgent action and plan from the government that needs to be implemented.
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Acknowledgement

We would like to extend our deepest gratitude for the everlasting support to the

following individual who contributed upon completing this study.

The researchers sincerely appreciate the spiritual help of our Almighty God and

take this opportunity to first and foremost thank Him for being our strength and guidance

in order to finish this study. We want to offer this endeavor for the wisdom He bestowed

upon us.

We are extremely grateful for having our parents and family with their

unconditional love together with the support, encouragement and sacrifices to support our

education that help us to build a solid framework of determination to input our best to finish

this research.

Immeasurable appreciation to our Alma Mater, La Consolacion University

Philippines for giving us this golden opportunity to produce this one of a kind research

paper.

We would like to give our heartfelt gratitude to our Research Teacher, Ma'am Cang

Dimla for the undying support and immeasurable efforts in revising our research paper.
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Table of Contents

Cover Page

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction
Introduction............................................................................................................
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………….
Hypothesis of the Study………………………………………………………..
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework …………………………………………..
Relationship of Variables ……………………………………………………..
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………….

Methodology
Respondents of the Study...................................................................................
Methods and Techniques........................................................................................
Instrument of the Study.......................................................................................
Statistical Treatment...........................................................................................

Results and Discussion

Tables and Graphs….............................................................................................
Summary of Findings.............................................................................................
Conclusions............................................................................................................
Recommendations..................................................................................................

References …...............................................................................................................
Appendix ….................................................................................................................
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Introduction

Climate change is happening, it is largely caused by human activities and it presents

a serious threat to nature and people now, and in the future. Without ambitious mitigation

efforts, global temperature rise this century could exceed 4° Celsius above pre-industrial

levels, with catastrophic impacts. It is clear that our changing climate is creating complex,

interlinked risks to the natural, social and economic systems on which we all depend

(Brown, 2019).

In fact, the examples are numerous. Increasingly scarce water resources could

exacerbate tensions between countries. Storms of greater and greater ferocity batter

countries and might undermine their ability to provide for their citizens, leading to civil

unrest. Degraded land that fails to support communities of farmers and herders could be a

factor in intercommunal conflict (Brown, 2019).

Also, scientists who assess the health of the planet see indisputable evidence that

Earth has been getting warmer, in some cases rapidly. Most believe that human activity, in

particular the burning of fossil fuels and the resulting buildup of greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere, have influenced this warming trend. In the past decade scientists have

documented record-high average annual surface temperatures and have been observing

other signs of change all over the planet: in the distribution of ice, and in the salinity, levels,

and temperatures of the oceans (Glick, 2019).

One example includes the bushfire on Australia where there are factors contributed

to bushfire risk such us fuel load, temperature, dryness wind speed and humidity. Shifting

of precipitation patterns are included causing some regions to experiencing severe drought,

lost crops and increasing the risk of wildfires (Celo, 2017).

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Furthermore, the famed snows of Kilimanjaro have melted more than 80% since

1912. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers

believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could virtually disappear by 2035

(Glick, 2019).

In this case, arctic sea ice has thinned significantly over the past half century, and

its extent has declined by about 10 percent in the past 30 years. National Aeronautics and

Space’s (NASA) repeated laser altimeter readings show the edges of Greenland's ice sheet

shrinking. Spring freshwater ice breakup in the Northern Hemisphere now occurs nine days

earlier than it did 150 years ago, and autumn freeze-up ten days later (Glick, 2019).

Moreover, thawing permafrost has caused the ground to subside more than 15 feet

(4.6 meters) in parts of Alaska. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial

glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are

disappearing, fast (Glick, 2019).

In addition to this, the demand for climate-related information is growing.

Understanding that inadequate information can lead to the mispricing of assets and a

misallocation of capital, more and more financial decision makers are demanding

information on the business risks and opportunities associated with climate change (CDP

Global, 2019).

In 2015, at the request of the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors,

the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and its chair Mark Carney established the industry-led

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). 73% of companies reporting

to CDP confirmed that they have board-level oversight of climate-related risks (CDP

Global, 2019).
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In the same way, despite US companies making up the largest proportion of the

reporting sample by region, they trail behind the global average of reporting board-level

oversight (60%). Brazilian companies report the least oversight at just under 50% (CDP

Global, 2019).

Additionally, according to the World Meteorological Organization (2019), change

in the frequency, intensity, and variability of extreme weather events — such as drought,

extreme heat, flooding, and extreme precipitation — is one of the most important impacts

of climate change specially in Europe where they experienced the most extreme year for

unusual weather events in 2018. Record heat and precipitation were recorded across the

continent, with extremely cold weather during the winter, and heat and drought through

spring and summer.

Whereas, Asia’s vast population and the frequency of natural disasters ensure

climate change will have a devastating impact in the region. Vulnerabilities of industry,

infrastructure, settlements, and society to climate change are generally greater in certain

high-risk locations, particularly coastal and riverine areas (Celo, 2017).

Meanwhile, according to Global Peace Index (2019), the Philippines is the most

susceptible country to hazards brought by climate change. This was because 47% of the

country’s population is in areas highly exposed to climate hazards such as earthquakes,

tsunami, floods, tropical cyclones and drought.

However, according to Fernandez and Shaw (2013), youth’s awareness on the

deteriorating effects of climate change can help to the formulation of Disaster Risk

Reduction Plan. It includes on how the students will be able to react and respond in various

type of emergencies.
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Clearly, then the purpose of this study verified the Grade 12 student’s awareness

on how climate change are complicating and continuously destroying the environment.

This study will help the government to know the perceptions of the students and provide

improved action plans in order to build resilient responses to the challenges of climate

change.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of the study was assessed and determined by the student's level

of awareness on how climate change are alarming even up to this day.

This study answered the following specific questions:

1. What are the perceptions of students about the alarming level of climate change based

on its geographical location specifically:

1.1. Europe;

1.2. Asia and;

1.3. Philippines?

2. What are the perceptions of students about the alarming level of climate change in the:

2.1. Past (1980-2010) and;

2.2. Present (2011-2020)?

3. How did the respondents view the following environmental changes:

3.1. Wildfire;

3.2. Glaciers;

3.3. Typhoon/Cyclone;
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3.4. Volcanic Eruption;

3.5. Greenhouse Effect;

3.6. Floods;

3.7. Earthquake and;

3.8. Tornado/Hurricane?

4. How did the level of awareness affect the perception of the respondents to take action?

Hypothesis of the Study

H₀ The Grade 12 students of La Consolacion University Philippines are highly

alarmed about the current status of climate change.

H₁ The Grade 12 students of La Consolacion University Philippines are not alarmed

about the current status of climate change.

Conceptual Framework
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Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study.

Relationship between Variables

According to the Assertion that what Children Learn Today Will Shape Tomorrow

(2013), introducing environmental knowledge at an early age is a proper way to protect the

environment. A plan that rise the availability and quality of environmental education are

important for long-term revolution. Schools are the perfect platform for developing

children’s environmental understanding. Increasing climate change knowledge in

education is one of the finest ways to make the students have a better understanding of

climate change. Knowledge of how climate change will influence children who live

through it needs a specific focus. The first step is by knowing the students’ perception of

climate change. The current state of students’ climate change knowledge could lead to

making the right decisions about what to do to reduce the negative effects of climate change

on children as they are more vulnerable than adults. Furthermore, enriched knowledge of

public idea about global warming can make contributions to apprise scientific and policy

discussions of climate change.

There is some essential reason that students ought to consider in climate change

perceptions research. In the beginning, students could act on their own so their perception

could have a difference than adults. Secondly, students might be affected by climate change

in many different ways. The last, students are going to be the future generation so by

knowing their perceptions about climate change, the students could be better educated.

Emerge from climate change issue the study about climate change and children is

necessary.
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Definition of Terms

Mitigation. Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the

impact of disasters. In order for mitigation to be effective we need to take action before the

next disaster to reduce human and financial consequence. It is important to know that

disasters can happen at any time and any place and if we are not prepared, consequences

can be fatal (Britannica, 2019).

Celsius. Celsius is a measurement of temperature in which 0 degrees represents the

freezing point of water, and 100 degrees represents water's boiling point at the standard

atmosphere, which is the mean barometric pressure at the mean sea level. This temperature

scale was developed by Swedish astronomer Andres Celsius in 1742 (Britannica, 2019).

Catastrophic. Catastrophe comes from a Greek word meaning "overturn." It originally

referred to the disastrous finish of a drama, usually a tragedy. The definition was extended

to mean "any sudden disaster" in the 1700s. Nowadays, catastrophe can be used to refer to

very tragic events as well as more minor ones. A hurricane destroying hundreds of homes

is certainly a catastrophe; baking a birthday cake without following a recipe might also

result in catastrophe, if you don't know anything about cooking (Britannica, 2019).

Exacerbate. Exacerbate is related to the adjective acrid, often used to describe sharp-

smelling smoke. Think of exacerbate then as a sharp or bitter thing that makes something

worse. A drought will exacerbate a country's food shortage. Worsen, intensify, aggravate

and compound are similar, but exacerbate has the sense of an irritant being added in to

make something bad even worse (Britannica, 2019).

Fossil Fuels. A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic

decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient

 12

photosynthesis. Such organisms and their resulting fossil fuels typically have an age of

millions of years, and sometimes more than 650 million years. Fossil fuels contain high

percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas (Britannica, 2019).

Greenhouse Gases. A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas that absorbs

and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the

greenhouse effect on planets. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are

water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and

ozone (O3) (Britannica, 2019).

Glaciers. Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large,

thickened ice masses. Glaciers form when snow remains in one location long enough to

transform into ice. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass,

glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers are as small as football fields, while

others grow to be dozens or even hundreds of kilometers long(Britannica, 2019).

Permafrost. Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for two or more consecutive years.

It is composed of rock, soil, sediments, and varying amounts of ice that bind the elements

together. Some permafrost has been frozen for tens or hundreds of thousands of years

(Britannica, 2019).
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Methodology

In this section of the study, the research methodology regulated will be propounded.

The research approach, research method, target respondents, and sampling technique used

were explained and elaborated. The research technique and instrument conducted in

gathering the data including the statistical treatment operated were discussed in this part of

the research.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers selected the Grade 12 students from La Consolacion University

Philippines in the City of Malolos, Bulacan as the respondents of the study. The

respondents were selected through the cluster sampling technique where the whole

population of Grade 12 students was covered as the respondents. The 100 students will be

divided among the strands: STEM, ABM, HUMSS, TVL and GAS. The Table 1 below

illustrated the division of the respondents according to their strands.

Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents According to Section

Name of Strand Number of Percentage

Students

STEM 20 20%

ABM 20 20%

HUMSS 20 20%
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GAS 20 20%

TVL 20 20%

Total Number of Respondents 100 100%

Methods and Techniques Used

In this study, the researchers implemented exploratory type of research and

assessed the level of awareness of the students in La Consolacion University Philippines

towards climate change. This type of research were used to gain knowledge and better

understanding of an existing problem that will help the researchers to build up familiarity

and developed greatest amount of insight. According to Sandhursen (2009), exploratory

studies result in a range of causes and alternative options for a solution of a specific

problem, whereas, conclusive studies identify the final information that is the only solution

to an existing research problem.

Instruments of the Study

In order to gather the needed data, the researchers used the checklist as the research

instrument. It consists of enumerated list of items to provide general guidelines that will

results to the perception of the students on La Consolacion University Philippines on how

climate change are deteriorating today. According to Mangawil (2007), the extent of

knowledge and comprehension was determined by identifying the percentage of correct

perceptions about the different aspects of climate change. The checklist was modified and

divided into 4 sections: the first section will identify the demographic profile of the

respondents given the name, age, strand and section, and sex. The next section will provide
 15

statements and facts about the effects of climate change in different aspects such as

wildfire, glaciers, typhoon/cyclone, volcanic eruption, greenhouse effect, floods,

earthquake and tornado/hurricane in the European Countries. The same statements will be

provided for the next sections but the facts and statistics will come from Asia Countries

and Philippines respectively.

Statistical Treatment

In this study, the statistical approach applied is the descriptive statistical treatment.

The accumulated data were danalyzed by the researchers and tallied the responses from the

checklist.

In the descriptive statistical treatment, it will sum up the gathered data from the

sample population of the respondents and get the mean. Use the formula

𝑥
∑
𝑛

to get the mean, where x is the representative number, and n is the total number of

response. The first treatment will be illustrated below as:

Descriptive Category Rating Verbal Description

Very Alarming 4 The respondents have a

strong assurance to the

statement and needs

immediate action to the

topic
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Alarming 3 The respondents have

assurance to the statement

and needs action to the

topic

Neutral 2 The respondents have a

neutral assurance to the

statement and may or may

not have action to the topic

Not Alarming 1 The respondents have no

assurance to the statement

and doesn’t need action to

the topic

Table 1. The Rating Procedure of the Responses

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Results and Discussion

This section of the study showcased the illustration of the accumulated data in

graphs, presentation of the responses gathered in figures and interpretation of the data for

the conclusion. This was formed by three parts which is the findings and discussion,

conclusion and recommendation.

Findings

EUROPE

62.38%

36.31%

0.31%

1%

0 200 400 600 800 1000

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 1. The Interpreted Data of Europe.

In Table 1, Europe got most of the students’ perception level at Very Alarming

with 62.38%, half of this percentage is Alarming which got 36.21% of the responses,

while Neural is 0.3%, which are close to the 1% of Not Alarming. Overall, by using the

formula given, the data shows that it has a mean average of 3.58 which is Very Alarming

and needs abrupt action. This answers the 1.1 question in the statement of the problem

which states the perception of the respondents about the climate change in Europe.
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ASIA

70.56%

29.00%

0.00%

0.44%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 2. The Interpreted data of Asia.

In Table 2, Asia accumulated a total of 70.56 % in the level of Very Alarming, 29%

in the Alarming, none for the Neutral and 0.44% for the Not Alarming. This shows that the

students are more alarmed on the effects in Asia rather than in Europe. All in all, using the

formula, it has a mean average of 3.7 which is Very Alarming and needs urgent approach.

This answers the 1.2 question in the statement of the problem which states the perception

of the respondents about the climate change in Asia.

PHILIPPINES

80.91%

18.09%

0.18%

0.82%

0 200 400 600 800 1000

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 3. The Interpreted Data on Philippines.

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In table 3, the Philippines, however, has the highest percentage at 80.91% of the

responses who says it is Very Alarming, while 18.09% of the respondent's perception is

Alarming, then 0.82% are not alarmed and lastly 0.18% are neutral. With this, by using the

formula, this gathered a mean average of 3.79 which is Very Alarming and needs

immediate response, the highest among the said locations. This answers the 1.3 question

in the statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents about the

climate change in Philippines.

1980-2010 (PAST)

0.17%

3.42%

0.17%

0.17%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 4. The Interpreted Data of Past (1980-2010).

In Table 4, the illustration above indicates that 65.25% of the total respondent's

perception at the year (1980-2010) are Very Alarming, while 34.42% of them states that it

is Alarming, 0.17% of the respondents answered Neutral with the same result in Not

Alarming at all with the percentage of 0.17%. The researchers computed a mean average

of 3.64 which falls under Very Alarming level and asks for an abrupt aid. This answers the

2.1 question in the statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents

about the climate change in the past.

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2011-2020 (PRESENT)

78.29%

21.50%

0.21%

0.00%

0 500 1000 1500 2000

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 5. The Interpreted Data of Present (2011-2020).

In Table 5, The highest percentage is 78.29% in the present times (2020), which

the students states that they are Very Alarmed, while 21.5 % of the respondents says it is

Alarming, 0.21% is Neutral, while 0% or none of them answered Not Alarming at all.

Using the formula given, the researchers got a mean average of 3.78 that is Very Alarming

that needs abrupt action. This answers the 2.2 question in the statement of the problem

which states the perception of the respondents about the climate change in the present.

GLACIERS

62.75%

32.50%

2.25%

2.50%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 6. The Interpreted Data of Glaciers.

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In Table 6, based on the illustration above, 62.75% of the respondents chose Very

Alarming, while 32.5% of them is Alarming, and 2.25% is Neutral, while 2.5% of the

respondents picked Not Alarming. The researchers gathered and computed the data to get

a mean average of 3.56 which means it is Very Alarming and needs immediate remedy.

This answers the 3.1 question in the statement of the problem which states the perception

of the respondents about the melting of glaciers.

WILD FIRE

57.00%

38.50%

1.50%

3.00%

0 50 100 150 200 250

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 7. The Interpreted Data of Wildfire.

In table 7, the image above shows that 57% of the students chose Very Alarming,

while 38.5% states that they are Alarmed, 1.5% stays Neutral with a very close result to

the 3% of those who chose Not Alarming. The researchers accumulated a mean average

of 3.5 that states it is Very Alarming and needs immediate solution. This answers the 3.2

question in the statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents

about the various effects of wildfire.

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TYPHOON/CYCLONE

78.17%

21.33%

0.00%

0.50%

0 100 200 300 400 500

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 8. The Interpreted Data of Typhoon/Cyclone.

In table 8, the highest rate obtained is 78.17% of the responses are Very Alarming,

while 21.33% are Alarming, 0% are Neutral, and 0.5% of the respondents says it is Not

Alarming. By using the formula given, the researchers came up with a mean average of

3.77 which is very Alarming and needs urgent action. This answers the 3.3 question in the

statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents about the

deteriorating effects of typhoons/cyclones. .

VOLCANIC ERUPTION

71.00%

25.50%

0.83%

2.67%

0 100 200 300 400 500

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 9. The Interpreted Data of Volcanic Eruption.

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In Table 9, most of the students is Very Alarmed and make the 71% of the

respondents in this level, 25.5% of the respondents chose Alarming, while Neutral got

0.83%, and the 2.67% of the respondents picked Not Alarming. The researchers computed

using the formula and gathered a mean average of 3.65 that is Very Alarming and needs

abrupt action. This answers the 3.4 question in the statement of the problem which states

the perception of the respondents about the risks of volcanic eruption.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

65.33%

31.17%

0.50%

1.00%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 10. The Interpreted Data of Greenhouse Effect.

In Table 10, the highest percentage is 65.33% that is under the Very Alarming level,

while 31.17% are Alarming, the 0.5%respondents is Neutral, with 1% of them picked Not

Alarming. The formula was used and the moderators came up with a mean average of 3.63

which is Very Alarming that asks for an immediate response. This answers the 3.5 question

in the statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents about the

spreading greenhouse effect.

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FLOODS

82.67%

16.00%

0.67%

0.67%

0 100 200 300 400 500

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 11. The Interpreted Data of Floods.

In table 11, Most of the student chose Very Alarming with 82.67% of the responses

, while 16.67% of them is Alarming. The Neutral and Not Alarming has the same with

0.67% of the respondents. These data accumulated a mean average of 3.81 which states

that it is Very Alarming and needs action right away. This answers the 3.6 question in the

statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents about the

dangerous floods.

EARTHQUAKE

83.00%

16.67%

0.17%

0.17%

0 100 200 300 400 500

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 12. The Interpreted Data of Earthquake.

 25

In Table 12, most of the responses from the students settled on Very Alarming that

results to 83%, while 16.67% of the responses are Alarming, 0.17% are Neutral same with

the Not alarming. After the researchers computed by using the formula, the mean average

is 3.83 which is the highest obtained rate for the effects of climate change, just slightly

higher than floods which is also Very Alarming and needs right action. This answers the

3.7 question in the statement of the problem which states the perception of the respondents

about the deadly earthquake.

TORNADO

52.83%

43.67%

0.67%

2.83%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

VERY ALARMING ALARMING NEUTRAL NOT ALARMING

Figure 13. The Interpreted Data of Tornado.

In Table 13, 52.83% of the respondents chose Very Alarming, Alarming level with

a 42.67% of the respondents, while 0.67% of the respondents is Neutral, and 2.83% is Not

Alarming. These data gives a mean average of 3.46 which is Very Alarming that needs

urgent solution. This answers the 3.8 question in the statement of the problem which states

the perception of the respondents about the tornado.

Discussion

According to the researcher's gathered data and interpretation, one the factors

affecting the student's level of awareness on the deteriorating effects of climate change is
 26

based on the geographical location. The highest total percentage is 80.91% whereas

students states that the climate change on the Philippines are very alarming, 18.09% of

them states that it is alarming, then 0.82% are not alarming and lastly 0.18% says neutral.

According to Global Peace Index (2019), the Philippines is the most susceptible country to

hazards brought by climate change. This was because 47% of the country's population is

in areas highly exposed to climate hazards such as earthquakes, tsunami, floods, tropical

cyclones and drought.

The changing climate is a serious threat to the security and prosperity of the world

because it creates complex, interlinked risks to the natural, social and economical system

in which we all depend (Brown, 2019). Otherwise, 70.56% of the respondents states their

perceptions in climate change on Asia as very alarming, exactly 29% are alarming and 0.44

says it is not alarming. Same as the Philippines, due to geo-physical conditions and socio-

economic-demographic backwardness Asia is projected as one of the worst affected

regions from global warming and climate change. Lastly, 62.38% has the highest level of

student's awareness (very alarming) on Europe, and then 36.31% of them are alarmed, next

is exactly 1% says it is not alarming at all and 0.31% states neutral.

In the past year 1980-2010, student's perception towards climate change varies

depending on the different climate change through the years. The 65.25% of the

respondents states that climate change in the past years are very alarming, while 34.42%

says it is alarming and both 0.17% is neutral and not alarming at all. On the other hand, in

the present year (2020), 78.29% states very alarming, 21.5% are alarmed and 0.21% are

neutral.
 27

Climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. In this case,

there several effects of deteriorating climate change that Philippines, Asia and Europe are

experiencing even up to this day. One of those is Glaciers, wherein warmer temperature

causes glaciers to melt faster and causes sea level to rise. In the gathered data, LCUP Grade

12 Students from STEM, TVL, HUMSS, AMB and GAS has their own perceptions or level

of awareness in terms of negative impact of melting glaciers.

To sum it up, 62.75% of the respondents states that it is very alarming, next is

32.5% of them answered alarming, 2.50% says it is not alarming at all and lastly, 2.25%

are neutral. In wildfire, 57% stated that it is very alarming, 38.5% says it's alarming, then

exactly 3% answered not alarming and 1.5% are neutral.

Otherwise, typhoon or cyclone shows that the student's level of awareness is very

alarming at 78.17% of the total percentage, while 21.33% are alarming and 0.5% states that

it is not alarming at all. In floods, 82.67% indicates the total percentage of the respondents

who says it is very alarming, exactly 16% answered alarming and both 0.67% are neutral

and not alarming at all.

Meanwhile, the gathered data of the student's perception towards volcanic eruption

illustrates that 71% of the respondents states that it is very alarming, 25.5% are alarming

then 2.69% shows not alarming and lastly, 0.83% are neutral. In greenhouse gases, the

highest total of percentage of their awareness is 65.33% (very alarming), 31.17% are

alarming, 1% shows it is not alarming at all and then 0.5% are neutral.

Also, one of the effects of climate change is tornado wherein 52.83% stated that

they are very alarmed of it, 43.67% are alarmed, 2.83% are not alarmed and lastly, 0.67%
 28

are neutral. Lastly, the graph illustrates the percentage of the student's level of awareness

in earthquake. Exactly 83% of the respondents are very alarmed, 16.67% are alarmed and

both 0.17% are neutral and not alarmed at all.

An increased awareness help each individual to prepare and implement climate

change adaptation measures, such as adjustments in natural and manmade systems to

reduce the likely impacts of climate change. In addition, it can be a help on how each

individual will respond to the negative effects of their surroundings.

According to Fernandez and Shaw (2013), youth's awareness on the deteriorating

effects of climate change can help to the formulation of Disaster Risk Reduction Plan. It

includes on how the students will be able to react and respond in various type of

emergencies.

Conclusion

The study, "Outrunning Time: Determining Senior High School Students' Perception

on the Deteriorating Effects of Climate Change" was conducted by the researchers to

determine and gather data about the view of Grade 12 students from LCUP about the

alarming level of the effects of climate change in different aspects and to take urgent action.

This study will help the government to know the perceptions of the students in order to

build resilient responses to the challenges of climate change.

Climate change is the defining issue nowadays and this is currently a defining

moment. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels
 29

that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in

scope and unprecedented in scale.

For this reason, the moderators generate this research with a hypothesis which states

that the Grade 12 students of La Consolacion University Philippines are highly alarmed

about the current status of climate change. Base on the accumulated data gathered from the

respondents that is interpreted in graphs above by the researchers, most of the Senior High

School students are incontestably very alarmed about the current challenges faced in the

crumbling climate change. This supported the hypothesis with accurate data and statistical

evidences and facts.

In this case, the Statement of the Problem were also answered by the collected and

simplified responses on the statements in the checklist provided by the moderators of the

study.

Case in point, the first problem of the study is to know the insight of the students on

the alarming level of climate change based on its geographical location specifically Europe,

Asia, and Philippines. Based on the accreted data from the instrument provided, the

students are more alarmed the closer they are to the geographical location where the

different effects of climate change may occur. This is because there is a higher chance for

danger when closer to the effects of climate change.

As the researchers have noted, Europe has 62.38% very alarming rate and 36.31%

alarming rate, Asia has 70.56% very alarming rate and 29% alarming rate, and Philippines

have 80.91% very alarming rate and 18.09% alarming rate which statistically proves that

students have higher rate of awareness due to proximity.

 30

In another case, the second problem of this study delves to know the view of the

students on the alarming rate of climate change in terms of the past and current status. The

data gathered illustrates that the respondents are more frazzled about the current status of

climate change rather than the past effects of climate change. This was due to the rapidly

accelerating effects of climate change through the years that led to worst case scenarios

today.

Perennially, effects of climate change from year 1980 to year 2010 received 65.25%

very alarming rate while the current effects from year 2011to year 2020 got 78.29% very

alarming level from the respondents which numerically validate that students are more

agitate on the current status rather than the latter.

For the next case, the third problem of the study comprehends the opinion of the

respondents on the current level of effects of climate change in its diverse forms. From the

garnered data, it exhibits that the respondents have higher disturbance with earthquakes

followed by floods, and the least are the occurrence of tornadoes. This was caused by the

higher rate of casualties done by both earthquakes and floods and how it greatly affects a

larger scale of people.

In brief, Earthquake got 83%, Floods have 82.67%, Typhoon/Cyclone gathered

78.17%, Volcanic Eruption accumulated 71%, Greenhouse Effects got 65.33%, Glaciers

Melting garnered 62.75%, Wildfire have 57%, and lastly Tornado gathered 52.83%, that

statistically proves that students are more alarmed on the possible effects of Earthquake.

Overall, climate change is a broad topic the reason why the researchers chopped it

down into categories to narrow it down into uniform pieces. Based on the geographical
 31

location, the findings showed that Philippines got the highest rate even though all rates are

Very Alarming. Present effects of climate change also triggers the students more rather

than the past. And Earthquake recorded the highest rank in terms of alarming level among

the other effects of climate change. All of them gathered the mean average of Very

Alarming that also means that the students wants immediate action to the current status of

this phenomena.

The following statements above are facts, proofs and evidences that greatly ensure the

alarming level of climate change that is getting worse every second with accurate and

urgent treatment to be conducted.

Recommendations

 Set guidelines in order to empower the communities to adapt climate change and
review criteria’s for adaptation planning and implementation.
 Develop and enhance long- term strategies in relation to effectively adapt ways to
climate change and the limit development in hazard zone areas.
 Share and consolidate the latest developments in community based adaptation to
climate change best practice, policy and theory across different sectors and
countries.
 Strengthen existing networks of practitioners, policymakers, planners and donors
working on community based adaptation at all levels.
 Enhance the capacity of practitioners, governments and donors to help those most
vulnerable to climate change.
 Providing trainings that draws on local experience, knowledge and research into
climate change adaptation.
 32

References:

Celo, B. (2017, July 6). Glaciers Melting: Effects of Climate Change. Retrieved from

http://www.carboeurope.org/education/CS_Materials/Celo-BlumeExperiments.pdf

Glick, D. (2019, August 17). The Big Thaw. National Geographic, Retrieved from

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/

Khoirunisa, N. (2018, February 20). Middle school student’s perception of climate change at

Boyolali District, Indonesia. 94(5), 582-602.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012061/pdf

Brown, A. (2018, October 16). UK-China Cooperation on Climate Change Risk Assessment:

Developing Indicators of Climate Risk. Committee in Climate Change, Retrieved from

https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/indicators-of-climate-risk-china-uk/

Thackeray, J. (2020). Climate Risk: Implications for Financial Institutions. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/41968844/Climate_Risk_Implications_for_Financial_Instituti

Blumenfeld, J. (2019, November). Ethics and Politics of Climate Change. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/41893020/Syllabus_The_Ethics_and_Politics_of_Climate_C

ange_2019-2020

Fernandez, V., & Shaw, H. (2019). The Effects of Climate Change. Global Climate Change NASA,

Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/

Anonymous. (2019, July 15). Country Most Threatened by Climate Change? Study Says it’s

Philippines. ABS-CBN News, Retrieved from https://news.abs

cbn.com/spotlight/06/15/19/country-most-threatened-by-climate-change-study-says-its

philippines
 33

Anonymous, (2019). How Worst is Climate Change? CDP Global, Retrieved from,

https://www.cdp.net/en/info/climate.change/effects
 34

Appendix A

NAME:
AGE:

GRADE & SECTION:

SEX:

OBJECTIVE:
This checklist providers statements that will determine the student’s current view and knowledge about
the rapidly growing problems in climate change. The answer/responses will be accumulated by the
researchers for the data gathering and to determine how alarming the current situation in climate change
is.

DIRECTION:

Read the statements carefully. Put check () below the box of your preferred answer whether it is Very
Alarming, Alarming or Not Alarming. Feel free to add your reaction regarding the statements.

Statements Very Alarmi Not Reaction

alarming ng alarming
Wildfire
The Mendocino Complex Fire broke out in
Northern California and grew to be the largest
fire in state history with 459,123 acres
burned. (July 2018)
The Yellowstone Fires collectively formed the
largest wildfire in the recorded history of
Yellowstone National Park with 36% affected.
(1988)
Glaciers
Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Europe,
has become a symbol of climate change as its
glaciers continue to rapidly melt in response
to the warming of the Earth. (October 2019)
The acceleration of the rate of retreat since
1995 of key outlet glaciers of the Greenland
and West Antarctic ice sheets may
foreshadow a rise in sea level. (1995)
Typhoon/Cyclone
Former cyclone Charley moved through
Ireland and Great Britain, and dropped over
200mm of rainfall in a 24-hour period which
set a record and cause severe flooding.
(August 1986)
Tropical Storm Ernesto brought heavy rain
that cause flooding and wind gusts of up to30-
40 miles per hour. (August 2018)
 35

Volcanic eruption
The volcano Eyjafjallajokull erupted for a
second time after being dormant for just
under 20 years that caused an ash plume that
was ejected high into the stratosphere. (April
2010)
The volcanoes Hekla and Laki erupted and the
winter was extraordinarily harsh with lots of
snow, followed by an early spring and floods
in Central Europe. (1783)
Greenhouse Effect
Global and European annual mean air
temperatures have increased by 0.3-0.6⁰ C
since 1900.
International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC)
predict further increases, above 1990 levels,
about 2⁰ C by the year 2100.
Floods
Piedmont flood from the heavy rain for three
days in Italy lead to extreme discharge of
tributaries of Po river. (1994)
West Attica Floods in Greece due to a storm
surge. (2017)
Earthquake
Magnitude 8 earthquake occurred in Mexico
killing around 10,000 residents in Michoacan,
Mexico. (September 1985)
In Europe, among 891 natural disasters, 34 are
earthquakes with an average magnitude of 5.7
affecting 13 different countries, mainly Italy
and Greece. (2000-2017)
Tornado
Ivanovo-Yaroslavl tornado outbreak is the
most deadly tornado in Russia with 400+
fatalities and 213 injured. (June 1984)
Kariyevo tornado hit Russia with a total path
of 45 km killing 2 people and injured 76
people. (Novermber 2014)
 36

NAME:
AGE:

GRADE & SECTION:

SEX:

OBJECTIVE:
This checklist providers statements that will determine the student’s current view and knowledge about
the rapidly growing problems in climate change. The answer/responses will be accumulated by the
researchers for the data gathering and to determine how alarming the current situation in climate change
is.

DIRECTION:

Read the statements carefully. Put check () below the box of your preferred answer whether it is Very
Alarming, Alarming or Not Alarming. Feel free to add your reaction regarding the statements.

Statements Very Alarmin Not alarming R

alarming g e
a
c
t
i
o
n
Wildfire
The Black Dragon Fire burnt a total of 18 million acres of
forest along the Amur river. (1987)
Gangwon Province wildfire that lasted for three days.
This massive conflagration burned 1307 acres of land
and destroyed 2,000 buildings. (April 2019)
Glaciers
The retreat of glaciers from Hindu Kush Himalayan
Region will greatly affect the downstream regions
specially China, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
One-third of the ice stored in Asia’s glaciers will be lost
by the end of the century affecting water supplies for
millions of people on the continent.
Typhoon/Cyclone
28 tropical depressions formed this year in the western
Pacific of which 24 became tropical storms. (1985)
Typhoon Longwang was the deadliest tropical cyclone
to impact China with Category 4 hurricane. (2015)
Volcanic eruption
Mount Unzen, a quite active volcano, generated a
pyroclastic flow that killed 43 people. (1995)
Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano in Japan erupted without prior
warning ejecting black plume of ash and larger volcanic
material injuring several people. (January 2018)
 37

Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse emissions by China are the largest of any
country with over 12 gigatonnes of greenhouse gases
almost 305 of the world’s total. (2014)
89% People’s Republic of China, India and Indonesia’s
share of Asia and Pacific’s greenhouse gas emissions by
2030.
Floods
Heavy rainfall in Eastern China caused rivers and water
loggings to overflow and flood the area with 910 death
toll. (1991)
Heavy rainfall has caused major flooding in the state of
Sarawak, Johor, and Malacca leading to many snakes
and crocodiles to wander around the floor attacking
humans. (2016)
Earthquake
6.9 magnitude earthquake ruptured the northern
reaches of the Indonesian island of Lombok, killing at
least 319 people, displacing more than 160,000,
destroying tens of thousands of homes and burying
villagers beneath the rubble of mosques. (August 2018)
7.6 magnitude shock that felled swaths the state of
Gujarat killing 20,000 people and hundreds of
thousands of buildings destroyed. (January 2001)
Tornado
World’s single deadliest tornado struck Bangladesh
killing 1,300 people, injuring 12,000 and leaving
approximately 80,000 homeless. (April 1989)
Multiple tornadoes hit China about 800 km south of
Beijing, China, killing at least 78 people and destroying
buildings.
 38

NAME:
AGE:

GRADE & SECTION:

SEX:

OBJECTIVE:
This checklist providers statements that will determine the student’s current view and knowledge about
the rapidly growing problems in climate change. The answer/responses will be accumulated by the
researchers for the data gathering and to determine how alarming the current situation in climate change
is.

DIRECTION:

Read the statements carefully. Put check () below the box of your preferred answer whether it is Very
Alarming, Alarming or Not Alarming. Feel free to add your reaction regarding the statements.

Statements Very Alarmin Not alarming R

alarming g e
a
c
t
i
o
n
Typhoon/Cyclone
Tropical cyclone Uring, was one of the deadliest
tropical storms in the Philippines killing at least 5,801
people and having a flash flood in Leyte Island, most of
the land had been deforested. (1991)
Typhoon Yolanda was one of the most powerful
tropical cyclones ever recorded killing at least 6,300
people only in the Philippines.
Volcanic eruption/Earthquake
A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck about 60 miles of
the island of Luzon, Philippines due to the eruption of
Mount Pinatubo. (1991)
Mayon Volcano eruption in Philippines was also one of
the deadliest killing 1,200 locals. (1814)
Greenhouse Effect
Philippines has a minimal share in global emissions,
with 0.39 percent in 2015 but it continue to grow as
the economy rise.
The use of coal and fuel oil for electricity generation
contributed 41.8% and is growing annually by 3.7%.
Floods
Continuous heavy rain showers brought floods to the
province of Maguindanao with 14,000 families affected
by the incident. (2018)
 39

The Philippines’ north has been hit by some of its worst

flooding in decades, with torrents of muddy runoff
forcing 66,000 from their homes and prompting
rescues of trapped locals. (2019)
Earthquake
A 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit the Southern and
Central Mindanao at a depth of 31 km. at least 15
people were killed, 100 injured and 800 buildings were
destroyed. (2001)
A magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck Davao Del Sur
where 13 people killed, one missing and 210 are
injured. (2019)
Tornado
The manila tornado was only the second time in
recorded history damaging more than 200 houses and
2 people were injured.
 40

Appendix B

EDUCATION
Primary:
Hagonoy East Central School
Sto. Nino, Hagonoy, Bulacan
(SY 2008-2014)
Graduated Salutatorian

Junior High School:

San Pedro National High School
San Pedro, Hagonoy, Bulacan
(SY 2014-2018)
Graduated with Highest Honor

Senior High School:

La Consolacion University Philippines
Del Rosario, Nina Catmon, Malolos City, Bulacan
(SY 2018-present)
Anne B.
School Activities
 Elected as Secretary of English Club.
 Elected as Vice President of
Mathematics Club.
 Elected as President of Supreme
Student Government.
CONTACT  Elected as Vice President of Solvere’s
PHONE: Guild.
0922-213-8519  Member of Sports Club.

EMAIL: Personal information

delrosarioninaanne@gmail Age: 17
.com Date of Birth: January 20, 2002
Place of Birth: Hagonoy, Bulacan
REFERENCES: Civil Status: Single
Jefferson Figueroa Gender: Female
Mathematics Master Religion: Roman Catholic
Teacher I Nationality: Filipino
0933-948-4568 Father’s Name: Rodelio Del Rosario
San Pedro, Hagonoy, Occupation: Salesman
Bulacan Mother’s Name: Salome Del Rosario
Occupation: OFW
 41

Organization 80%

Problem
85%
Solving

Communication 90%

Analyzation 95%

Integrity 100%
 42

EDUCATION
Primary:
Look 2nd Elementary School
Look 2nd , Malolos, Bulacan
(SY 2008-2014)

Junior High School:

Jaime J. Vistan High School
Tabang, Plaridel, Bulacan
(SY 2014-2018)

Senior High School:

La Consolacion University Philippines
Gurina, Irent Catmon, Malolos City, Bulacan
(SY 2018-present)
Darren B.

Personal information
Age: 18
Date of Birth: October 11, 2001
Place of Birth: Malolos, Bulacan
Civil Status: Single
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
CONTACT Nationality: Filipino
Father’s Name: Rene M. Guirina
PHONE - Occupation: OFW
0921-532-6003 Mother’s Name: Imelda B. Guirina
Occupation: MidWife
EMAIL:
iguirina16@gmail.com
Problem
85%
Solving
REFERENCES:
Corazon G. Paraon Commun
90%
MAPEH Teacher ication
0932-948-4568
Tabang, Plaridel, Bulacan Analyzati
95%
on

Integrity 100%
 43

ERICKA GRACE T. NAVARRO

Blk 56 lot 15 Northville 8 Bangkal, City of Malolos, Bulacan
09758667162
navarroerickagrace@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To work in your most esteemed company as part of my 80 hours completion of work immersion

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School La Consolacion University Philippines

Catmon Rd, Capitol View Park Subdivision, Barangay Bulihan
Malolos, Bulacan 3000
2020-2023
Track: Academic
Strand: Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Junior High School Malolos Marine Fishery School & Laboratory

Balite ,City of Malolos, Bulacan
2016-2020

Elementary Bangkal Elementary School

Northville 8 Bangkal, City of Malolos, Bulacan
2007-2013

SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS

 44

 Knowledge in Microsoft Office such as (Word and PowerPoint .)

 Work well under pressure to meet deadlines.
 Flexible, efficient, and responsible.
 Work cooperatively with a wide range of different personalities.
 Quick learner, willing to learn and eager to further knowledge and skills.
 Demonstrated ability to adapt and adjust to how things are done, in new
equipment and technology.
 Ability to well communicate with associates
 Competent, honest, reliable person and career oriented.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth Date: December 1,2003

Birth Place: Valenzuela District Hospital, Karuhatan, Valenzuela City
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Father’s Name: William R. Navarro
Mother’s Name: Ma. Liza T. Navarro

CHARACTER REFERENCES

MARVIN RAMOS
ISUZU Senior Sales Manager
Longos, City of Malolos,Bulacan
09176812229

Mr. Ruben Marin

OIC – Kamagong Hotel
Sta. Cruz, Manila (553-7011 to 13)

MS. ELY N. LAQUINDANUM

Master Teacher I
Malolos Marine Fishery School and Laboratory
Balite, City of Malolos, Bulacan
 45

SAMANTHA CHAVEZ
ESTELLA
(+63) 935 970 0355
samanthadcestella@gmail.com
538 Purok 5 Lugam, Malolos, Bulacan

ABOUT EDUCATION

I am a dedicated, organized and Elementary School

methodical individual. I have good Santisima Trinidad Elementary School
interpersonal skills, an excellent team (2013-2014)
worker, keen and very willing to learn Malolos, Bulacan
and develop new skills. I am well 3rd honorable mentioned
organized and always plan ahead to make
sure I manage my time well. Secondary Education:
SKILLS Junior Highschool
 Strong problem solving ability Dr. Felip Dr. Felipe De Jesus National High
 Time management School (2018)
 Active learning Agnaya, Plaridel, Bulacan
 Communication skills With High Honors
 Responsible
Senior Highschool
 Quick Learner
La Consolacion University Philippines
PROFILE (2018-Present)
Malolos, Bulacan
Date of Birth: January 20, 2002
Age: 18
Civil status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic