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CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

This research paper is all about our working environment

and how this factor affects our behavior towards other

individual in our workplace. Working environment includes the

physical features of our work place and also the people that

composed the circle around our work. Physical features of the

workplace such as the interior

design ,lighting ,ventilation , and as well as the sound

level or the noise .Aside from the physical features of our

workplace, some factor such as the individual differences and

the culture inside our work place may contribute also the

significance of such behavior and working attitude.

Working behavior and the attitude of the workers towards

his work has various aspects and considerations. This may be

incorporated with his mental, emotional and physical state.

The level of his mental state together with his emotions has

essential functions on how he manage to react on his working

environment in terms of the physical factors and most

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especially on the diverse of individual around his circle.

The physical state such as his health conditions may also

contribute his working behavior and attitude as well

Job Satisfaction and Fulfillment may also be realized if

the above considerations and factors has been provided and

maintained to certain individual within his working

environment which will give him the self worth and happiness

towards his job and most especially to other individuals

within his circle. These essential aspects are needed in

achieving the productivity which is the main factor and

aspect in achieving the objectives and goal of the

organization

This study entails the importance of health and well

being of the workforce within the organization since as we

all knew that the human resource is the bread and butter of

the organization and very essential factor in achieving its

goals and objectives .And to be able to achieve all their

aims and endeavors, employers must have initiatives and

programs that will regulates the health and wellness of

stakeholders within the organization. Perhaps the employers

at first may see the cost in putting the initial needed

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equipment, programs and initiatives in terms of the awareness

and regulation of health and wellness is so high, but

eventually as the initiatives may go along the way in

conjunction with their endeavor to be excellent in the

industry and to have a greater market shares, they could

surprisingly see the excellent results for such programs and

initiatives. As the long term result of this regulation, it

lessens the workforce common problem such as absenteeism,

presenteeism and most of all the fast employee turn- over for

the reason that the employees has been guided with the

appropriate guidelines in terms of keeping them in good

health and right knowledge has been instilled to avoid such

health risk factor happens to them. In addition to the said

one long term result, having this health and wellness

initiatives that will be imposed by the accountable

department in the organization, we could foresee that it will

help to lessen the cost and expenses for the health care

premiums and decrease the number of medical claims because

less unhealthy and unfit workers is present in the

organization since the regular and the habit of maintaining

the healthy standard and protocol is practiced within. More

on that, the most beneficial result of this initiatives and

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regulation is to make the stakeholder more productive and

have the strong mental attributes that is needed in

performing their function and responsibilities. They have the

positive outlook in life which reflects on their output and

behavior towards each other in the organization that results

in teamwork, unity and harmony among the organization. As the

healthy and productive workforce may continue and constant

devotes in healthy and wellness program that is instilled to

them, they will develop self esteem and achieve self

fulfillment while doing and working in the organization that

they are belong. They will feel the worth of doing and giving

their best in performing and being part of realizing the

organizational goals and objectives.

Theoretical Framework

To have competitive advantage in the industry, the

organization must have the edge and highly valuable assets

such as but not limited to good financial position,

reputation, good leadership and productive workforce as

considered human capital to fuel to achieve the

organizational goal and objectives. Among all these factors

to be considered to maintain the strength and capability to

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cope up the diverse competition within the industry and the

different highly competitive competitors, it must be that the

human resources is well -trained, skillful and most of all

productive and proactive in line with the organizational aim

– to be best player among all the players . As part of

maintaining and controlling the competitive workforce,

motivation and assurance must be given and well incorporated

to them.

Hence, as to understand broadly the concept of how to

motivate the workforce and to be able to manage properly the

human capital of the organization, it must be taking into the

consideration the basic concept of Maslow’s Hierarchy of

Needs Theory. Individual well-being can be demonstrated

through Maslow’s five leveled hierarchy because motivation is

the driving force of humans. It also includes the objectives

that lead to satisfaction and happiness. The strength of the

theory rely in the fact that it supports management practices

that encourage employee autonomy and personal growth as these

will enable employees to satisfy esteem and self-

actualization needs. Proper management and encouragement to

fulfill these needs at work enables constant improvement in

working life due to the growing motivation. The Maslow’s

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Hierarchy of Needs compost of five pyramid level which

consist of Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Self-

esteem and Self-actualization. Physiological Needs as more

focuses on the basic needs and necessities of survival of

human being. These needs could be compare as to human’s

health both physical and mental health since as we have knew

that health of the workforce is so essential in performing

the skills to achieve the needed productivity as their jobs

required to produce and perform. In addition to that, safety

and security needs is also important since this refers to

the physical working environment of the workers as to what

effect and how these factors affect the individuals

performance and output of their task and psychological safety

such as free from any factors that cause them to affect their

mental and emotional state. The third level of Maslow’s

Hierarchy of Needs is the crucial level since this is

pertaining to relationships and interactions among the

individual within the organization. This may includes

different aspects of individual differences, behavior,

orientation and preferences. This is followed by Self-esteem

which is referring to the state of being respected and your

existence has been recognized in the organization base from

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your task output that has been done correctly. As a

consequence of this, self confidence will be developed that

will be considered as one gauge in creating more initiatives

and innovation towards your task. Lastly, the topmost part

level is Self-Actualization that is essential and one aspect

to develop self satisfaction and happiness toward perspective

and paradigm of life. They became rational and realistic as

what is the right and the most appropriate and possible

disposition despite of complex and diverse environment and

demands.

Conceptual Framework

Health and Well-being of the employees and stakeholders

of the organization plays a major role in accomplishing the

goals and objectives which required the management to give

not just enough but thorough programs and initiatives for the

reason that the work force is the main essential factor in

the operation of the organization and the most critical and

challenging due to the different personalities, behavior and

other significant differences within the pool of individuals

inside and outside the organization. Thus this study which

will attempt to determine the health and well being practices

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of selected retail store as a model that will be guided by

the following paradigm based on the input-process-output

model of the system approach as reflected in Figure 1.

The input box consists of the status of health and well-

being practices as assessed by physical, mental, social and

financial aspects.

The process box includes the management and retrieval of

the survey questionnaire, the statistical treatment of the

gathered data, analysis and interpretation of data, and the

Status of Health
assessment of the employees and management (staffs or
and Well-being
practices
managers) on the implementation of health and well being
assessed by:
 Assessment of the
practices.
 Physical staff and
management in the
 Mental practices health
Finally, the output box is health and well being
and well -being
 Social
 Retrieval
initiatives and programs of theretail stores.
in selected A Model of
 Financial survey
questionnaire Health and
Well-being
 Statistical practices
Facilitating and treatment of the
Constraining data
Factors
 Analysis and
Survey-
interpretation of
Questionnaire
data
Reference
materials
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
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Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study

Statement of the Problem

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The study will focus on health and well-being practices

of selected supermarket in Metro Manila that will be the

basis for Human Resource Department Plan within the

organization that has an adverse effect on the output and

productivity of the employees thus will lead to his job

satisfaction and fulfillment. This research aims to answer

the following questions:

1. How the managers and staffs assess the health and

well being practices of selected supermarket in

Metro Manila as to

1.1 Physical environment;

1.2 Employee’s satisfaction and fulfillment;

1.3 Social Program;

1.4 Remuneration;

2. Is there a significant difference on health and well-

being practices as assessed by managers and staffs?

3. What are the facilitating and constraining factors of

health and well- being practices?

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4. Based from the findings, what the researcher

recommends?

Hypotheses

The researcher will hypothesize that:

1. There is no significant difference on the assessment

of the managers and employees in terms of health and

well-being practices as to Physical environment,

Employees’ satisfaction and fulfillment, Social Program

and Remuneration.

2. There is no significant difference between the

facilitating and constraining factors encountered in

health and well-being practices.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to explain the effect of workplace

conditions and other aspects and considerations that has

important role on employee’s job attitude and behavior.

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Respondents– The respondents will have an awareness of

the important factors that are being studied to help them

cope up with the challenges inside and outside their working

environment and to help them improve their individual

capacity and resistance to such factors.

Future Researchers- The findings of the study will serve

as one of the reference material and a guide for future

researchers who wish to conduct the same study and experiment

or any related studies within the scope of the topic.

HR Department– The Human Resource Department may have

awareness and additional concept in relation with employee’s

enhancement programs and initiatives.

Department Heads– The Business Unit Head may also be

informed the true value of having a good leadership towards

his subordinates and staff. He may more aware on how to

assist and lead his group towards their goals and objectives.

Employees– Since not all employees will be included in

the random sampling, this study may also give benefits to

them. As they give time to read and digest the information

within this output they may realize and be informed the

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goodness of having a healthy and proactive working

environment.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused more on the various factors in

the workplace that adversely affect the job performance and

satisfaction of an employee. The respondents of the study are

composed of randomly selected retail industry employee both

in the operation department and back office employees. Sample

questionnaire will be given to the selected respondents to

gather and scrutinize their responses to be able to formulate

the primary bases and source of data for this study.

Definition of Terms

Absenteeism Employee's habitual absence from work either by

missing a full day of work or through time theft (showing up late

to work, leaving early, or taking long breaks).

Behavior The reaction of an individual to a certain

stimuli and the actions he is doing to cope up on a certain

situation and event.

Competitive Advantage An advantage over competitors gained

by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower

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prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies

higher prices.

Emotions These are state of inner feelings of an

individual towards a certain situation within his environment

and current situation.

Ergonomics is the physical arrangements and set up of

office equipments and tools that are essential in doing their

work while considering their accessibility and ease within

reach of the user without compromising the ideal and

prescribed lay-out.

Employee turn-over refers to the number or percentage of

workers who leave an organization and are replaced by

new employees

Illumination the prescribed and ideal amount of lighting

that is needed in performing their job.

Job Satisfaction and Fulfillment It is the degree of

acceptance of an employee to the present situation on which

he is employed. This current situation will give him the

feeling of happiness and belongingness towards his working

environment
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Mental Health Condition (MHC} It is the positivity and

negativity state condition of mind of a certain individual on

which could drive the behavior, reaction and attitude of that

certain individual

Presenteeism is defined as the problem of employees who are

not fully functioning in the workplace because of an illness,

injury or other condition

Subjective Well-Being It is the behavior of an

individual towards his environment and also how he gives his

reaction to a certain situation in which his reactions are

inclined to what is right and accepted to all.

Stressor These are the working environment variable

which has negative effects on a certain individual toward his

working behavior and attitude.

Social Withdrawal The situation where in a certain

individual will avoid interactions towards other individual

within his environment.

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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Local Literature

Garcia-Cox (2016) cited the usual and most commonly

reactions and responses of the system of our body which is

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the nervous system when dealing with stress. It also

indicates some common sources of stress specifically to young

adults which is also applicable or happening in working

adults such as too much workloads and responsibilities,

unhealthy relationship either family, friends, co-workers or

significant others ,uncomfortable environment, health

conditions either physical,emotional or mental health. Aside

from these topics, it also gives techniques to regulate

stress since as a part of our daily struggles in life for

survival, every one of us is not exempted to such situation

that whether we like it or not we will be facing stressors

and hassles in our daily living. The techniques that are

enumerated in her study are very much easy to perform as long

as you will make it as a habit and as a part of your

lifestyle and your way of behaving and reacting to such

stimuli. One of these techniques is to have a regular

exercise and with proper nutrition for your body since this

will affect the performance of your physical attributes and

performance. Avoid unhealthy foods and get rid of bad habits

since these will ruin your health – physically and mentally.

Highlighted in suggested techniques in terms of mental aspect

is to have a positive thoughts and disposition in your life

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towards all the scenarios and happenings in your life. Have a

regular meditation and prayers to have a clear vision and

paradigm in life to serve as your basis in doing final

disposition and remarks in whatever obligations and

responsibilities that you are handling to. The top priority

of all the suggested techniques is to maintain the good

disposition and mind set for you to be able to achieve clear

and concise disposition and right behavior, actions and

judgement of all these concerns in life.

Tria (2016) cited the importance of having harmonious

environment to one individual for the reason that this factor

may affect the mental health of the people within that

certain place. The importance of maintaining mental hygiene

may help in developing individual’s personality which gives

him various possible ways in achieving his true happiness and

life satisfaction by having positive paradigm and disposition

in life. Being optimistic and possessing the positive

characteristics motivate one individual to achieve his goals

that will result in achieving true happiness and life

satisfaction which has a great impact on his behavior and

react to all stimuli around his environment.

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Foreign Literature

Feldman (2014) discussed the different stressors and

hassles of and individual which has adverse effect of how the

individual act and responses to that certain stressors. It

describes the different behavior and responses to stimuli

that becomes the basis of his personal traits and

characteristics. It describes different strategies on how to

cope up with stress and other stimulus that will come along

the way in your life so that the actions and responses toward

those stressors will be in the right way of handling since it

has adverse effect and outcome towards your personality,

attitude and characteristics as an individual and as a human

being with right dispositions and actions.

Stangor (2014) tackled about the stressors and negative

emotions that an individual experienced in their everyday

lives. In this book stated the common classification of

stress and how those stressors affect our behavior and

interactions towards the society and other individual in

which he belongs and interacts. He also emphasizes the common

scenario and status that will be the mere possible causes of

behavior of a certain individual and more or less why he

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possesses that traits and characteristics.He also emphasizes

environmental factors that contribute to stress and negative

behavior of a certain individual towards others.

Martin (2014) stated the different symptoms of stress in

the workplace such as the physical symptoms, behavioral

symptoms, and psychological symptoms. In this book stated

that these symptoms has adverse effect of the performance in

the workplace of a certain individual that will leads to

being unproductive workers.As the individual become

unproductive,it will affect also the output of the department

and as a worse effect , the company as a whole in terms of

the profit goal objectives which is the primary motives of

the company and as well as the market share of those certain

companies that were employed by unstable employees.Unstable

employees are those employees with mental health condition

and with other physical,emotional and mental disorders.

Local Studies

De Chavez (2015) discussed the effect of the physical

workplace environment towards the workers and the factors and

considerations that must be maintained and provided by the

employer to maintain the harmonious and ideal workplace to

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the workers since these factors may have also the adverse

effect of the performance of the employees in achieving the

companies objectives and the desired output that was set by

the management towards each departments that will measure

their capacity and job performance and job satisfaction.

Calaguas (2017) stated that the Job satisfaction of a

certain employees indicates how he is emotionally well and

with a good psychological health. The study is all about

employees’ mental health and how does a positive state of

mind influences his judgment and reaction towards his working

environment.

Galvez (2014) cited the importance of indulging in a

lifestyle check whether your habits and activities are

healthy and appropriate.Since having a healthy lifestyle will

benefits you more on this for reason that the effect of

having a healthy lifestyle will reflect your personality,

behavior, action and attitude towards other individual. This

lifestyle check will give you assessment of your personal

decision if you are going to embrace the changes and how you

are going to adopt it gradually so that from time to time it

will be your usual and be your own distinct characteristics

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and be part of who you are. This lifestyle assessment will

mold the person to be more aware of how he possesses his

disposition and action since our actions and behavior will

definitely affects other person within our circle and groups.

Foreign Studies

Ngeno (2014) stated the ways and the recommended

initiatives and program that will prevent employees fast

turn over and to attract new applicant and retention of

employees. In this journal, stipulated the importance of

health and wellness programs and activities that are provided

and administered by the employer to his employees. One

significant effect of having health and wellness program in

the organization is to lessen the cause of absenteeism and

presenteeism

Paggi (2016) stated the importance of leisure activities

in the relationship between physical health and well-being

that enhance physical strength and endurance that will leads

to longevity and physical capacity to cope up with different

demands that require your body to be fit and able to sustain

the energy needed in performing the action and task. In this

article discussed also the effect of being physically fit

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towards the achieving the level of satisfaction and true

happiness in life. Thus the healthier you are the more

achievements, outputs and success you could have that has a

big impact in your mental state. The level of life

satisfaction you could achieve when you are physically fit

reflects it on your personality and behavior towards your

environment and society such as in your workplace and other

circle of individuals.

Hoeger (2016) discussed about the Physical Wellness,

Emotional Wellness,Mental Wellness and Social Wellness. It

emphasizes on how to evaluate and maintain your behavior

towards your health and control your personal lifestyle to

promote overall health and wellness. It also adhere the

goodness of being in good health and well being and at the

same time stating the consequences of staying with the good

habits and to disregard all hazards and risky habit and

lifestyle that has adverse effect on your body and mental

state.

Synthesis
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All literatures and studies cited herein are all

relevant to the present study in terms of scope in the

practices of health and well-being of employees.

The study of De Chavez (2015) and Calaguas (2017) has

common factors and considerations pertaining to the working

environment that adversely affect the productivity of a

certain employee both tangible and intangible factors that

has a noticeable effect to individuals within the

organization that obviously all those factors must be given

corrective measures and resolution to lessen the risk and

negative impact to all stakeholders ,and at the same time

assure that the main objective of the organization is

achievable .

In addition to that, the journal and studies of Galvez

(2014),Hoeger (2016) and Paggi(2016) which are all about the

positive change of healthy lifestyle that promotes healthier

well-being, both physical and mental aspects will also

justify this study as well as the goodness and the positive

effect of being in good mental and physical state of an

individual. It is all about the lifestyle assessment and

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evaluation of your habit and behavior in regards with the

right way of taking care of your physical and mental health.

Ngeno(2014) also discussed on his studies the suitable

working environment in terms of physical features which has

also be considered in maintaining comfortable working place.

The textbook used as reference with authors: Cox (2016),

Tria (2016), Feldman (2014), Martin (2014) and Stangor (2010)

are all psychology books that tackle the behavior and

characteristics of individuals with good mental health

condition and also discussing the possible causes of unusual

behavior of unhealthy individual in terms of their mental

health conditions.
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CHAPTER 3

Methodology

Research Design

This study will use the descriptive method research.

Descriptive research, also known as statistical research,

describes data and characteristic about the population or

phenomenon being studied.

Population and Sampling

The purposive sampling procedure will observe in the

selection of the respondents since management and employees

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will utilize to answer the questionnaires. The emphasis of

study will base on certain criteria lay down by the

researcher such as that the respondents within the population

for the data gathering.

Table 1

Population and Sample

Respondent F %

Management 10 17

Employee 50 83

Total 60 100

As portrayed in the table, it is composed of two (2)

selected groups of respondent such as: 50 or 83 percent are

employees and 10 or 17 percent are management.

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Table 2

Respondent as to Age

Management Employee Total

Age Range F % f % F %

51 years old and above 0 0 2 04 2 4

41-50 years old 4 40 8 16 12 20

31-40 years old 2 20 12 24 14 23

21-30 years old 4 40 28 56 32 53

Total 10 100 50 100 60 100

As manifested in the table, the distribution of

management as to age are as follows: 4 or 40 percent are aged

21-30 years old and 41-50 years old, and 2 or 20 percent are

31-40 years old.

As to employee’ age are as follows: 28 or 56

percent are aged 21-30 years old, 12 or 24 percent are 31-40

years old, 8 or 16 percent are 41-50 years old, and 2 or 4

percent are aged 51 years old and above.

Generally, the distribution of respondents as to age are

as follows: 32 or 53 percent are aged 21-30 years old, 14 or

23 percent are aged 31-40 years old, 12 or 20 percent are

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aged 41-50 years old, and 2 or 4 percent are aged 51 years

old and above.

It only shows that the company is dominated by

millennials.

Table 3

Respondent as to Gender

Management Employee Total

Gender F % f % f %

Male 2 20 13 26 15 25

Female 8 80 37 74 45 75

Total 10 100 50 100 60 100

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As identified in the table, the distribution of

management as to gender are as follows: 8 or 80 percent are

female and 2 or 20 percent are male.

As to employee’ gender are as follows: 37 or 74 percent

are female, and 13 or 26 percent are male.

Mainly, the distribution of respondents as to gender are

as follows: 45 or 75 percent are female, and 15 or 25 percent

are male.

It only shows that company have applied the equal

employment opportunity.

Table 4

Respondent as to Civil Status

Management Employee Total

Gender F % f % f %

Single 2 20 18 36 20 33

Married 8 80 32 64 40 67

Separated/Annulled 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 10 100 50 100 60 100

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As showed in the table, the distribution of management

as to civil status are as follows: 8 or 80 percent are

married, and 2 or 20 percent are single.

As to employee’ civil status are as follows: 32 or 64

percent are married, 18 or 36 percent are single.

Mostly, the distribution of respondents as to civil

status are as follows: 40 or 67 percent are married, 20 or 33

percent are single.

Research Instruments

The main instrument in the study is the structured

questionnaire in the form of a checklist.

The questionnaire will consist two parts wherein Part I

is the demographic profile of the two groups of respondent.

Part II is the self-assessment of the status of Health and

well-being Practices of selected retail store in Metro

Manila.

Draft of the questionnaire will be presented to the

research professor and thesis panelists for validation. After

presentation to the experts, revisions are going to make to

fit to the problems being posed for answers. Inputs will be

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incorporated and the revised form will be pre-tested to ten

employees who are included in the study. Clarifications will

be made on the aspects that are not clear to them and their

comments will be considered in the final draft of the

questionnaire-checklist.

Data Gathering Procedures

There are phases in the gathering of data for this

study.

1. A written letter of permission will be sent to the

Human Resource Management Department which states the purpose

of the study and request permission to conduct such.

2. Upon approval, cooperation will be sought from the

respondents, through answering the questionnaires. They will

be oriented with the purpose of the study.

3. The distributed questionnaires will be retrieved.

After retrieving all the accomplished questionnaires, the

researcher will tabulates, organizes, computes, analyzes and

interprets the data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

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The data collected in the study will be organized and

classified based on the research design and problems

formulated. The data will be coded, tallied, tabulated, and

tabled to facilitate the presentation and interpretation of

results using the following:

1. Frequency. It is the actual response to a specific

item/question in the questionnaire where the respondent ticks

his choice.

2. Percentage. To determine the relations of a part

to a whole.

Formula P = f x 100

Where :

f = frequency

N = Number of cases

P = Percentage
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3. Weighted Mean. It is the sum of the item values

divided by the total number of items. It is computed average

and its magnitude is influenced by every one of the item

values in the set, and used to describe as set of

quantitative data provided the item values that constitute

the set are considerably concentrated. It is computed by

adding and dividing the sum by the total number of scores.

Formula : WM = ∑ (w1f1 + w2f2…+wnfn)

Where : WM =weighted mean

f1 = frequency of first cell

w1 = weight of first cell

f2 = frequency of second cell

w2 = weight of second cell

N = number of cases

4. Likert Scale. The data is interpreted by using the

Five (5) Likert Scale Method, as the criterion which serves

as the basis for the interpretation of the data. The concept

of the boundary of the numerals will be used as follows:

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Status of Health and Well-Being Practices

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation Symbol

5 4.20 -5.00 Highly Implemented HI

4 3.40 -4.19 Implemented I
3 2.60 -3.39 Moderately Implemented MI
2 1.80 -2.59 Least Implemented LI
1 1.00 -1.79 Not Implemented NI

4.1. Facilitating and Constraining Factors

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation Symbol

5 4.20 -5.00 Highly Encountered HE

4 3.40 -4.19 Encountered E
3 2.60 -3.39 Moderately Encountered ME
2 1.80 -2.59 Least Encountered LE
1 1.00 -1.79 Not Encountered NE

5. Ranking. This was used to determine the order of

decreasing or increasing magnitude of variations. The

largest frequency is ranked number 1, 2 and so on down to the

last rank and number.

6. T-test. This was used to determine whether or not

significant difference exist between the pre-test and post-

test results. It was solved using formula:

t = x1 – x2
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2 2

S1 S2

n1 n2

where:

x1 = mean of the first sample

x2 = mean of the second sample

S1 = variance of the first sample

4. Correlation Ratio. This was used to determine the

significant relationship between the two groups of respondents.

where:

n = number of ordered pairs

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xi= value of independent t variable

yi= value of dependent variable