19/03/2023, 11:06 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid

of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

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D1298-12BR17

Standard Historical Last Updated: Mar 14, 2023

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ASTM D1298-12b(2017)  English (United States)

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, Format

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5.1 Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of
petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or
Related
masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F during custody
transfer. ASTM License Agreement

5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific
gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This procedure can also be used for
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viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium,
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and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both requested through the
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transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion
effect and alternative calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference
temperature.
Details
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are Book of Standards Volume: 05.01
minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature close to that of the bulk oil Developed by Subcommittee: D02.02
temperature. Pages: 8
DOI: 10.1520/D1298-12BR17
5.4 Density, relative density, or API gravity is a factor governing the quality and pricing of crude ICS Code: 75.040; 75.080
petroleum. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless
correlated with other properties.

5.5 Density is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it
affects storage, handling and combustion.

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in
conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude
petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally
handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values
are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of
calculations and international standard tables.

1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not
density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference
temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the
meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternative calibration temperature effects
and to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values
obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density
measurements.
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19/03/2023, 11:06 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to

equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of
Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum
Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.

1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before
performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the
initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior
to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or
base prover volume determination).

1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized

principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of
International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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