Math Notes #11: Angles

Vignesh Senthil Kumar · August 14, 2020

Exterior Angle Theorem: ​An exterior angle is formed when one side of a triangle is
extended. An example of an exterior angle can be found in the image below, where ​x​ is the
exterior angle. An exterior angle and its adjacent angle, in this case, ​c​, are supplementary
angles, meaning they add up to 180 degrees.

Parallel Lines: ​Given two parallel lines and a third line that intersects the two parallel
lines, the resulting angles are related to one another. For instance, corresponding angles,
like angles ​1 ​and ​5 ​in the image below, have the same angle measure. Alternate interior
angles, like angles ​4 ​and ​5 ​in the image below, and alternate exterior angles, like angles ​1
and ​8 ​in the image below, are also equal. And as with any intersecting lines, vertical angles,
like angles ​1 ​and ​4 ​in the image below, are equal to each other, and adjacent angles, like
angles ​1 ​and ​3 ​in the image below, are supplementary angles. Using this knowledge, when
given one out of the eight angle measures, you can solve for any of the other seven angle
measures.

Polygons: ​The sum of all interior angles of a polygon can be determined using the
expression 180(n-2), where ​n​ is the number of sides. For example, all the interior angles in
a triangle add up to 180. A regular polygon is any polygon with the same side lengths and
angle measures.

Extra Practice: ​Below is some practice questions on this topic. The answers are at the very
end.