Series de Fourier

La serie de Fourier de una función f definida en el

intervalo ( − P; P ) es:
a0    n   n 
f ( x ) = +   an cos  x  + bn sin  x 
2 n =1   P   P 
Donde:
1 P
a0 =  f ( x ) dx
P −P
1 P  n 
an =  f ( x )  cos  x  dx
P −P  P 
1 P  n 
bn =  f ( x )  sin  x  dx
P −P  P 
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 Ejemplo
0, −  x  0
1. Desarrolle f ( x) =  en una serie
 − x 0 x 
de Fourier.
1 P
a0 =  f ( x ) dx
P −P
1 
a0 =  f ( x ) dx
 −


1 
 1  x 
2

0 dx +  ( − x ) dx =  x −
0
a0 = 
  
− 0   
 2
0

a0 =
2
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 Ejemplo
1 P  n 
an =  f ( x )  cos  x  dx
P −P  P 
1   n  1 0 

 f ( x )  cos  ( )
  − 0
an = x  dx = 0  cos nx dx +  − x  cos nx dx
 −
  
1  
an =   cos nx dx −  x  cos nx dx 
  0 0 

1  1   x  sin x

 sin nx 
an =    sin nx  −  − dx  
   n 0  n 0 0 n 

  1  cos nx    1  1


an =
1

 ( 0 − 0 ) −  0 − 0 −  −
  n
   =  − 2
n  0    n
(( −1) n
)
−1 

 
1 − ( −1)
n

an =
n 2
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 Ejemplo
1 P  n 
bn =  f ( x )  sin  x  dx
P −P  P 
1   n  1 0 

 f ( x )  sin  ( )
  − 0
bn = x  dx = 0  sin nx dx +  − x  sin nx dx
 −
  
1  
bn =   sin nx dx −  x  sin nx dx 
  0 0 

1   1   x  cos nx

 cos nx 
bn =   −  cos nx  −  − + dx  
   n 0  n 0 n 
0 
    ( − ) 1  sin nx   


( )
n
1 1
bn =  − ( −1) − 1 −  − +0−  
n

 
  n  n n  n  0  

1
bn =
n
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 Ejemplo
a0    n   n 
f ( x ) = +   an cos  x  + bn sin  x 
2 n =1   P   P 

1 − ( −1)
n
 1
a0 = an = bn =
2 n 2 n

1 − ( −1)n  n  1  n 
f ( x) = +  
2  cos  x  +  sin  x 
2 n =1  n  2
  n    

  1 − ( −1) 
n
1
f ( x) = +    cos ( nx ) +  sin ( nx ) 
4 n =1  n 2
n 

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 Series de Fourier

La serie de Fourier de una función f definida en el

intervalo ( a ; b ) es:
    
a0    n   n 
f ( x ) = +   an cos  x  + bn sin  x 
2 n =1  b−a b−a
   
  2   2  
Donde:
 
2 b  n 
2 b f ( x )  cos 
b − a a
a0 =  f ( x ) dx an =
b−a
x  dx
b−a a
 
 2 
 
2 b  n 
f ( x )  sin 
b − a a
bn = x  dx
b−a
 
 2 
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