9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0

2
series solution ( x − 1 ) d y + dy = 0  
  2  dx
dx

Solución

y = c1  

Pasos de solución

2
( x − 1 )  d y2 +  dy = 0
dx dx

Solve using series method:    y = c1  

2
( x − 1 )  d y
2
+  dy = 0
dx
Sy

dx

Ecuación diferencial lineal homogénea con coeficientes constantes

m

2
d y dy
Sustituir with y′′ , with y′
  2  dx
dx
bo

( x − 1 ) y′′ + y′ = 0

p ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) , q ( x ) = 1, r ( x ) = 0
la

Check for singularity at x = 0:    Ninguno  

b

′′ ′
p ( x ) y + q ( x ) y + r ( x ) y = 0, if p ( x0 ) = 0 then x0 is a singular point.

Ingrese x = 0 en p ( x ) = ( x − 1 )

p( 0 ) = (0 − 1 )

Simplificar

p ( 0 ) = −1

p ( 0 ) ≠ 0, por lo tanto

Ninguno

′′ ′ ∞ n
For an equation p ( x ) y + q ( x ) y + r ( x ) y = 0 without singulatity point at x = 0, assume a solution of the form y = ∑n= 0 anx

∞ n− 1
y′ = ∑n= 1 annx  

∞ n
y = ∑ n = 0 an x

Diferenciar ambos lados

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9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0

y′ = (∑∞n = 0 anxn )′

Reescribir como

( ∞
y′ = a 0 + ∑ n = 1 a n x
n
)′

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia: ( f ± g ) ′ = f ′ ± g′

∞ n−1
y′ = ( a0 ) ′ + ∑n = 1 annx

a 0′ = 0  

( a0 ) ′
Sy

d ( )
Derivada de una constante:
 
a =0
dx
m

=0

( anxn ) ′ = annxn− 1
bo

( an xn ) ′
la

Sacar la constante: ( a · f ) ′ = a · f ′

= an x ( n)′
b

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

 
d a
dx
( )
x =a·x
a− 1

n−1
= annx

∞ n−1
y′ = 0 + ∑n = 1 annx

Simplificar

∞ n−1
y′ = ∑n = 1 annx

∞ n− 2
y′′ = ∑n= 2 ann ( n − 1 ) x  

∞ n−1
y′ = ∑n = 1 annx

Diferenciar ambos lados

y′′ = (∑∞n = 1 annxn − 1 )′

Reescribir como

(
y′′ = a1 + ∑n = 2 annx
∞ n−1
)′

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9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0
Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia: ( f ± g ) ′ = f ′ ± g′

∞ n−2
y′′ = ( a1 ) ′ + ∑n = 2 annx (n − 1 )

a 1′ = 0  

( a1 ) ′
Sy
d
Derivada de una constante:   ( a ) = 0
dx
m
=0

( annxn− 1) ′ = annxn− 2 ( n − 1 )
bo
 

( annxn − 1 ) ′
la
Sacar la constante: ( a · f ) ′ = a · f ′

= an n x ( n−1 )′
b
d a ( )
Aplicar la regla de la potencia:   x = a · x
dx
a− 1

n−1−1
= an n ( n − 1 ) x

Simplificar

n−2
= annx (n − 1 )

∞ n−2
y′′ = 0 + ∑n = 2 ann ( n − 1 ) x

Simplificar

∞ n−2
y′′ = ∑n = 2 ann ( n − 1 ) x

Plug into ( x − 1 ) y′′ + y′ = 0

n−2 n−1
( x − 1 ) · ∑∞
n = 2 an n ( n − 1 ) x
∞
+ ∑n = 1 annx =0

∞ 2
( 2
Combine into a single series:    ∑n= 0 an+ 1n − an+ 2n + 2an+ 1n − 3an+ 2n + an+ 1 − 2an+ 2 x
n
)  

n−2 n−1
( x − 1 ) · ∑∞
n = 2 an n ( n − 1 ) x
∞
+ ∑n = 1 annx

Simplificar

∞ n−2 ∞ n−1
= ∑ n = 2 ( x − 1 ) an n ( n − 1 ) x + ∑n = 1 annx

Desarrollar

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S
9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0
∞ n−1 ∞ n−2 ∞ n−1
= ∑ n = 2 an n ( n − 1 ) x − ∑ n = 2 an n ( n − 1 ) x + ∑n = 1 annx

Sy Shift series to get the same power of x

∞ n ∞ n ∞
= ∑ n = 1 an + 1n ( n + 1 ) x − ∑ n = 0 an + 2 ( n + 2 ) ( n + 1 ) x + ∑ n = 0 an + 1 ( n + 1 ) x
n

m Rewrite series starting at the same n = 0

bo ∞ n ∞ n ∞
= ∑ n = 0 an + 1n ( n + 1 ) x − ∑ n = 0 an + 2 ( n + 2 ) ( n + 1 ) x + ∑ n = 0 an + 1 ( n + 1 ) x

Simplificar
n

∞ 2
( 2
la
= ∑n = 0 an + 1n − an + 2n + 2an + 1n − 3an + 2n + an + 1 − 2an + 2 x
n
)

∑∞ 2 2

b
n = 0 ( an + 1n − an + 2n + 2an + 1n − 3an + 2n + an + 1 − 2an + 2 ) x = 0
n

For a power series to be equal to 0 the coefficients must be equal to 0, therefore

2 2 a (n + 1 )
an+ 1n − an+ 2n + 2an+ 1n − 3an+ 2n + an+ 1 − 2an+ 2 = 0    :    an+ 2 =   n+1  
n+2

2 2
an + 1n − an + 2n + 2an + 1n − 3an + 2n + an + 1 − 2an + 2 = 0

2
Restar an+ 1n + 2an+ 1n + an+ 1 de ambos lados

2 2
( 2
) ( 2
an + 1n − an + 2n + 2an + 1n − 3an + 2n + an + 1 − 2an + 2 − an + 1n + 2an + 1n + an + 1 = 0 − an + 1n + 2an + 1n + an + 1 )

Simplificar

2 2
−an + 2n − 3an + 2n − 2an + 2 = −n an + 1 − 2nan + 1 − an + 1

2 2
Factorizar − an+ 2n − 3an+ 2n − 2an+ 2:     − an+ 2 n + 3n + 2 ( )  

2
−an + 2n − 3an + 2n − 2an + 2

Factorizar el termino común an+ 2

= −an + 2 n + 3n + 2 ( 2 )

( 2 ) 2
−an + 2 n + 3n + 2 = −n an + 1 − 2nan + 1 − an + 1

2
Dividir ambos lados entre − n + 3n + 2 ( )  

( 2 ) 2
−an + 2 n + 3n + 2 = −n an + 1 − 2nan + 1 − an + 1

2
Dividir ambos lados entre − n + 3n + 2 ( )
Sy
m

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 ym
9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0

−an+2 ( n + 3n + 2 )
2 2
n an+1 2nan+1 an+1
 
= −  −  − 
− ( n + 3n + 2 ) − ( n + 3n + 2 ) − ( n + 3n + 2 ) − ( n + 3n + 2 )
2 2 2 2

bo
Simplificar  

an+1 ( n + 1 )
an + 2 =  

la
n+2

an+1 ( n + 1 )
an + 2 =  

b
n+2

an−1 ( n − 1 )
an =  
n

Resolver para :    y1 = c1 · 1  

a0 ( 0 )
a1 =   =0
( 1)

a (1 )
a2 =   1 =0
( 2)

an = 0

Por lo tanto, la solución es

y1 = a 0 · 1

Since a0 is a constant, replace a0 with c1

y1 = c1 · 1

y = c1 · 1

Simplificar

y = c1

y = c1

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9/7/23, 11:16 frobenius method (x-1)(d2)/(dx2)(y)+derivada de y=0

Gráfica

Graficando:  c1

Sy
m
bo
la
b

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