UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

MAJOR TEST NO: 1

Year Course

THD3602

STEAM PLANT

Date: 07 June 2023

Time: 120 minutes
Examiner: Prof. Veeredhi
Moderator: Mr AUC Ndanduleni Marks: 70 marks
Weight of Assessment: 35%
INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL STUDENTS:
1. Answer all the questions.

2. All calculations must be shown.

3. All calculations must be rounded off to 3 decimals

4. In the event of uncertainties, state your assumptions clearly and carry on.

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Open Rubric
Question 1 (25 marks) (analysis of steam cycles)
A reheat cycle produces 28 kg/s of steam at 98 bar and 390⁰C. The steam is expanded isentropically to
60 bar in a high-pressure turbine and returned for reheating in the boiler. The steam is reheated to 390⁰C
and then expanded in a low-pressure turbine to a condenser at 0.3 bar. The condensate is returned to the
boiler as feed water. Neglecting the feed-pump power,
1.1 Draw T-s diagram (3)
Determine:
1.2 The net power output, (12)
1.3 The cycle efficiency, and (7)
1.4 The steam rate in kg/kWh. (3)

Question 2 (20 marks) (diesel engine power plant)

A two-stroke diesel engine run for 20 minutes at full load has the following data:

Speed (N) 350 rpm

Mean effective pressure (mep) 3.1 bar
Net brake load 640 N
Fuel Consumption 1.52 kg
Cooling water 162 kg
Water inlet temperature 30 ⁰C
Water outlet temperature 55 ⁰C
Air used/kg of fuel 32 kg
Room temperature 25 ⁰C
Exhaust temperature 305 ⁰C
Cylinder bore 200 mm
Cylinder stroke 280 mm
Brake diameter 1m
Calorific value of fuel 43900 kJ/kg
Steam formed per kg of fuel in the exhaust 1.4 kg
Specific heat of steam in exhaust 2.09 kJ/kgK
Specific heat of dry exhaust gases 1.0 kJ/KgK
Specific heat of water 4.18 kJ/kgK
Enthalpy of vaporization, hfg 2257.9 kJ/kg

2.1 Draw the heat (energy) balance sheet for this engine (15)
2.1 For the observed data, calculate:
a) The indicated power, and (3)
b) The brake power (2)
Question 3 (25 marks) (gas turbine power plant)
A gas turbine draws in air from the atmosphere at 1 bar and 10⁰C and compresses it to 5 bar with an
isentropic efficiency of 85%. The air is heated to 1200K at constant pressure and then expanded through
two stages in series back to 1 bar. The high-pressure turbine is connected to the compressor and
produces enough power to drive it. The low-pressure turbine is connected to an external load and
produces 80kW of power. The isentropic efficiency is 85% for both stages. See illustration:

3.1 Draw the T-s diagram for the cycle (2)

3.2 Neglecting any increase in mass due to the addition of fuel for burning, calculate:
a) The mass flow of air (19)
b) The cycle efficiency (4)