Circle the answers that you think are correct (1 pt/question)

1. What controls the direction of the flow of oil?

a. Pressure relief valve
b. Direction control valve
c. Flow control valve
d. Actuator

2. What is the function of the air dryer?

a. Removes dirt
b. Removes moisture
c. Controls the rate of flow
d. Controls the pressure

3. What is the function of the air compressor?

a. Decreases the pressure of air
b. Increases the pressure of air
c. Removes dust particles
d. Adds lubricating oil

4. Which type of cylinder should be used to generate high pressure in narrow radial
space?
a. Tandem Cylinders
b. Duplex cylinders
c. Short stroke cylinders
d. Telescopic cylinders

5. The ---------------- converts the compressed air energy into mechanical energy in the
form of linear movement in one direction only.
a. Piston cylinders
b. Double acting cylinders
c. Single acting cylinders
d. Hydraulic pumps

6. When is a pressure reducing valve used?

a. It is used when lower pressure than system pressure is required
b. It is used when higher pressure than system pressure is required
c. When absolutely zero pressure is required
d. All of the mentioned

7. In the hydraulic circuit, single-action designs have ---------- port.

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
 8. What is the function of the hydraulic motor?
1. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic oil under pressure into torque and angular
displacement
2. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic oil under pressure into force and linear
displacement
3. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
4. Hydraulic motor converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy

a. 1 and 4
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 2 and 4

9. What is the difference between vane pump and radial piston pump?
a. In radial piston pump, radial slots in vane pumps are replaced by radial bores
which accommodate pistons
b. In radial piston pump, radial slots in vane pumps are replaced by radial bores
which accommodate swash plate
c. In radial piston pump, radial slots in vane pumps are replaced by radial bores
which accommodate both swash plate and pistons
d. None of the above

10. A pressure relief valve can be ------------.

a. Direct operated
b. Pilot operated
c. Solenoid operated
d. All of the given

Treat the following questions

1. List the different types of directional control valves and talk about one type of your
choice.

There are different types of DCVs that are classified based on the fluid path:

 Check valves
 Shuttle Valves
 Two-way valves
 Three-way valves
 Four-way valves

Talk about one type of your choice.

Check Valves:
Type of DCV allows fluid flow only in one direction.

Fluid flows through the inlet, a small pressure is needed to open the valve seat in this
direction. The valve opens when there is a flow through the inlet. Here in the figure above
shown a ball type check valve.

Whenever there is a flow opposite to this direction the valve shuts. The pressure in the
opposite direction press the ball against the valve seat, thus close the path.
Shuttle valve:
A shuttle valve allows the flow in two different directions.

Two positions of the shuttle valve are shown here. When the pressure of the flow
on one side increases the valve closes the other path. The closing/opening
condition for both paths are illustrated in the above figure.
Shuttle valves are used where there are two pumps which are used in a way if one
fails to maintain the outlet pressure the other pump supply the flow as a backup.

Spool type valve:

Spool-type valves are commonly used as they can be transferred to two, three or
more routing fluid locations between various inlet and outlet ports combinations.
These are commonly used for steering control of actuators because a single valve
can produce extension, retraction and neutrality:
There are three variants of spool type valve Two-way, three-way and Four-way
valves:
 Two-way Valves:
Two-way valves are also simple two positions ON/OFF valves but actuated by
actuators such as solenoid actuators, hydraulic actuators etc.

There is normally closed and normally opened two-way valves, external actuation
is needed to do the position change of the valve actuator.
A flow path is established or closed when the actuator is moved. These valves are
also called as on-off valves
 Three-way valves:
These valves have three nodes that’s why named three-way valve and three-way
valves allows two positions of actuation in ON condition.
A three-way valve has two plug actuators each plug controls the flow in two
different ways. The two plug positions are shown in the above figure. When one of
the plugs closes a node other one opens the other node.
This normally closed valve neutralize the position of the actuator closing both the
node to close the valve.
Three-way directional valves are available for manual, mechanical, pilot, solenoid
actuation.
 Four-way Valve:
Four-way valve or three position valves which got three working positions for the
actuators to control the flow direction.

These valves are generally used to operate cylinders and fluid motors in both
directions hydraulically.
These valves are available with a choice of actuation, manual, mechanical,
solenoid, pilot & pneumatic. Four-way valve comes with two or three positions.
One should note that the graphical symbol of the valve shows only one tank port
even though the physical design may have two as it is only concerned with the
function.
Three- position, four-way DCV have different varieties of centre configurations.
The common varieties are the open centre, closed centre, tandem centre, floating
centre, & regenerative centre with open, closed and tandem are the three basic
types
 (2.5 pts)

2. List the methods of vacuum production and represent the diagram of a suction cup.

- GAS TRANSFER VACUUM PUMPS

- POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT VACUUM PUMPS

Common types of positive displacement vacuum pumps:
 Oil Sealed Rotary Vane Pump (Wet)
 Liquid Ring Pump (Wet)
 Diaphragm Pump (Dry)

 ScrollPump (Dry)
 Roots Pump (Dry)
 Claw Pump (Dry)
 Screw Pump (Dry)

- KINETIC VACUUM PUMPS

Common types of kinetic vacuum pumps:

 Turbomolecular Pumps (Dry)

 Vapor Diffusion Pumps (Wet)

- ENTRAPMENT VACUUM PUMPS

(2.5 pts)

3. Identify
a. The name of the pump shown in the figure below (1 pt)
Swash Plate Axial Piston Pump
b. Give the name of elements (1, 2, 3, 5, & 6) (1.5 pts)
1: Cylinder block ; 2: swash plate; 3: piston ; 4 : valve plate; 5 : inlet port ; 6 :
outlet port
c. Explain the principle of operation of this pump. (2.5 pts)
1. A swash plate is a device that translates the rotary motion of a shaft into the
reciprocating motion. It consists of a disk attached to a shaft. If the disk is
aligned perpendicular to the shaft; the disk will turn along with the rotating
shaft without any reciprocating effect. Similarly, the edge of the inclined
shaft will appear to oscillate along the shaft's length. This apparent linear
motion increases with increase in the angle between disk and the shaft
(offset angle). The apparent linear motion can be converted into an actual
reciprocating motion by means of a follower that does not turn with the
swash plate.
2. A swash-plate axial piston pump is targeted on during this work, Once a
motor drives the spindle, the pistons rotate with the spindle and meantime
perform reciprocator motion within the cylinder. Once a piston rotates from
TDC (top dead center) to BDC (bottom dead center), it moves to the correct
and delivers the oil out of the hard-hitting chamber. Then, the piston moves
to left and sucks the oil into the unaggressive chamber whereas it rotates
from BDC to TDC. Every chamber completes oil absorption and oil
expulsion once a cycle. The displacement and dealing direction will be
modified by rotating the angle management valve.