1.4.1.6.

1 PUMPS
01
  What is a pump?
• Pumps are used to move any substance which flows or which can be
made to flow. Pumping means that moving water, oil, air, steam, and
other common liquids and gases. However, such substances as
molten metal, sludge and mud are also fluid and can be moved with
pumps.
• Pumps are so widely used, for varied services. As a general rule, all
pumps are designed to move fluid substances from one point to
another by pulling, pushing or throwing or by some combination of
these three methods.
• A pump is a device that adds energy to the fluid to enable it to
move from one point to another.
 Types of pumps are used on board.
Types of Pumps
• Positive Displacement Pump
1. Reciprocating pump
2. Rotary pump (gear, screw & vane)
3. Combination of rotary and reciprocating pump
• Dynamic Pressure Pumps
1. Centrifugal pump
2. Special effect pump (axial flow)
 
 Basic action of a displacement pump
Reciprocating Pump
1. Output is almost directly proportional to speed.
2. Output is marginally reduced at increased pressure – usually there is more slip
with less viscous fluids.
3. The pump will develop a discharge pressure equal to the resistance to be
overcome, irrespective of speed.
4. They are self-priming.
5. They will accept high suction lifts.
6. They can handle large amounts of vapour or entrained gases, which enable
them to deal with volatile or hot liquids.
7. Their construction is complicated by the presence of suction valves, discharge
valves, and air vessels, and the need for relief valves to protect the pump
against the closure of delivery lines.
 Reciprocating Pump

SUCTION STROKE DISCH STROKE

Single Acting Piston Pump

DISCHARGE

SUCTION
Reciprocating Pump
 Reciprocating Pump ( Contd )
• The sketch shown is a double acting reciprocating pump. It has a piston
which seals the cylinder by means of the piston rings. It also has two
suction and two discharge valves, one of each on one side of the piston.
• When the piston moves up, bottom chamber obtain suction effect and
top chamber will be delivery effect.
• When the piston moves down, top chamber obtain suction effect
and bottom chamber will be delivery effect.
• The pump is provided with air vessel to protect pulsation on discharge
line.
• The air in the chamber compresses and expands with each delivery
and thus provides a more even flow in the discharge pipe.
 Double acting reciprocating pump
  Double acting reciprocating pump

The sketch is double acting reciprocating pump.

• It consists of piston with piston rings, two suction valves and two
discharge valve.
• Each pair of the valve is at the either side of the piston
• When the piston is moved upward suction effect valve 1 close and valve
3 open and the other side valve 4 close and valve 2 open forcing out
liquid to discharge
• When the piston is move down valve 1 open valve 3 close forcing out
liquid to discharge and the other side suction effect valve 4 open and
valve 2 close.
 Purpose of an air vessel fitted to the discharge side
of the reciprocating pump
• Air vessel is fitted to reduce pulsating effect at discharge.
• Reciprocating pumps create pulses in the flow of the pumpage: the
fluid accelerates during the compression phase of the pump stroke
and decelerates during the suction phase.
• The resulting pressure pulses cause inefficiencies and can lead to
serious vibrations that can damage parts of the discharge system, so
reciprocating pumps often require pulsation dampeners
 Questions
Section A
1. What is a pump?
2. Explain the types of pumps are used on board.
3. Explains the purpose of an air vessel fitted to the discharge side of
the reciprocating pump
 Questions
Section B
1. (a) Sketch double acting reciprocating pump (6)
(b) Explain above sketch. (6)
(c) Explain why an air vessel fitted to the discharge. (4)
2.With the aids of sketch, explain following type of pumps
(s) Screw pump (8)
(b) Reciprocating pump (8)