Circle the answers that you think are correct (1 pt/question)

1. In hydraulic systems
a. The mechanical energy is transferred to the oil and then convert into mechanical
energy
b. The electrical energy is transferred to the oil and then convert into mechanical energy
c. The mechanical energy is transferred to the oil and then convert into electrical energy
d. None of the above

2. Which type of displacement is observed in gear pumps?

a. Only variable displacement
b. Only fixed displacement
c. Both fixed and variable displacement
d. None of the above

3. In a telescopic cylinder, as the number of stages increase

a. Diameter of piston rod also increases
b. Diameter of piston rod also decreases
c. Diameter of piston rod remains the same
d. None of the above

4. What is the function of hydraulic motor?

1. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic oil under pressure into torque and angular
displacement
2. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic oil under pressure into force and linear
displacement
3. Hydraulic motor converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
4. Hydraulic motor converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 2 and 4

5. When the angle of swash plate decreases

a. Flow rate increases
b. Flow rate decreases
c. Flow rate does not depend on swash plate angle
d. None of the above

6. What does the numbers in 4/3 valve mean?

a. 4 positions and 3 ways
b. 4 ways and 3 positions
c. None of the above

7. What is the component shown in the figure below?

a. Single acting cylinder with piston rod both side
b. Double-acting cylinder with a piston rod on both side
c. Telescopic cylinder
 d. Tandem cylinder

8. What is the component shown in the figure below?

a. Swash plate axial piston pump

b. Bent axis piston pump
c. Swash plate radial piston pump
d. Bent axis radial piston pump

9. The component below is

a. Compressor
b. Bladder/bag accumulator
c. Diaphragm accumulator
d. None of the above

10. Which type of system uses ‘oil under pressure’ means for power transmission?
a. Fluid power system
b. Hydraulic system
c. Pneumatic system
d. Stepper motors

Treat the following questions (10 pts):

1.
a. Name the device shown in the figure below & indicate its elements. (1.5 pts)
1. Filter (½ pt); 2. Lubricator (1/2 pt ); 3. Pressure regulator (1/2 pt)
b. Give the role of each element (1.5 pts)
- General purpose filters are used to remove water and particles while coalescing
filters remove oil, and vapor removal filters remove oil vapor and odor. (1/2 pt)
- Pressure regulators reduce and control air pressure in compressed air systems.
Regulators are also frequently referred to as PRVs (pressure reducing valves).
(1/2 pt)
 - A lubricator adds controlled quantities of tool oil into a compressed air system to
reduce the friction of moving components. Most air tools, cylinders, valves, air
motors, and other air-driven equipment require lubrication to extend their useful
life. (1/2 pt)
c. Indicate its place in a pneumatic installation (0.5 pt)
- Filters are installed in the air line upstream of regulators, lubricators,
directional control valves, and air-driven devices such as cylinders and air
motors.
(1/2 pt)

2.
a. Name the type of this pump shown below and name its parts. (2 pts)
- Balanced vane pump (1 pt)
- 1. Inlet port; 2. Vane; 3. Rotor; 4. Outlet port; 5. Rotor ring; 6. Slot (1 pt)
b. Explain the principle of operation of this pump. (2 pts)
In a balanced vane pump, the casing is elliptical in shape. The center of the rotor and the
elliptical casing is the same and no offset is used.
For balancing, two inlets, and two outlets are provided due to which no pressure difference
is created between the inlets and the outlets.
Two inlets are present on the opposite side of each other and the two outlets are present on
the opposite side of each other.
Due to this type of arrangement of inlets and outlets, the equal and opposite thrust gets
balanced and hence no side thrust is experienced by the rotor shaft.
The balanced pump gives better service and longer life.
The pocket-size between two vanes increases when moving from outlet to inlet and pocket-
size decreases when moving from inlet to outlet. Hence there is suction in the inlet ports and
delivery at the outlet ports.

1
3. Explain, using a sketch, the method for vacuum production. (2.5 pts)
Venturi-type vacuum pumps
Many machines that require vacuum also use compressed air. And if vacuum is required
only intermittently, the compressed air that already is available can be used to generate
vacuum through a device called a vacuum generator, also known as a vacuum ejector or
vacuum pump. Furthermore, the compressed air also can be used in combination with a
vacuum cup by producing a puff of air to hasten release of the workpiece.
Vacuum generators operate based the venturi principle, filtered, non-lubricated compressed
air enters through inlet A. A diffuser orifice (nozzle), B, causes the air stream to increase in
velocity, thereby lowering its pressure, which creates a vacuum in channel C. The air stream
exhausts to atmosphere through muffler D.

Vacuum generators offer several advantages. They are compact and lightweight, so they
often can be mounted at or near the point of use. They are inexpensive, and because they
have no moving parts, do not require the maintenance associated with mechanical vacuum
pumps. They do not need an electrical power source because they generate vacuum by
tapping into an existing compressed air system. However, if retrofitted into a machine,
capacity of the existing pneumatic system may have to be increased. Heat generation, which
often is the limiting factor with mechanical vacuum pumps, is of little concern with vacuum
generators.

Mechanical pumps most often are specified to provide a machine with vacuum on a
continuous basis. But many of these machines actually use vacuum only intermittently at
many different locations. In cases like this, vacuum generators can provide a practical
alternative by supplying vacuum intermittently at each source rather than continuously for
the entire machine.

Vacuum generators are controlled simply by initiating or terminating compressed air flow to
the nozzle. Vacuum generators have been used for decades, but relatively recent
improvements have led to nozzle designs that provide higher operating efficiencies.

Selecting a vacuum generator depends on the lifting force required and the volume of air
that must be evacuated. Lifting force depends on the vacuum level the generator can pull —
which, in turn, depends on the air pressure supplied — and the effective area of the vacuum
cup. In most applications it is important that a generator be able to pull the required vacuum
in as short a time as possible to minimize air consumption