abhisheksir_vedant

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Why we need
MACHINES?
 Why we need
MACHINES?

MACHINES reduce effort or extend the

ability of people to perform tasks beyond
their normal capabilities
 Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage = Load/effort

 Load & Effort

Load is a heavy or bulky object that

requires effort to move or lift the
load
 Load & Effort

Load is a heavy or bulky object that

requires effort to move or lift the
load

Effort is an applied force to bring

the desired change to the position of
the load
 Velocity ratio

Velocity Ratio = velocity of effort /

velocity of load
 Velocity ratio

Velocity Ratio = velocity of effort /

velocity of load

Velocity Ratio = Effort distance / load

distance
 Efficiency

Efficiency = Work output/ work input

Relation b/w Efficiency, MA & VR
How do we use
Machines?
FORCE MULTIPLIER
 FORCE MULTIPLIER

Force multiplier reduces the effort & multiplies the

effectiveness of the system

Load

Effort
2. In changing the point of application of effort
to a convenient point
2. In changing the point of application of effort
to a convenient point

Point of application of effort is changed from

the pedal to the rear wheel
3. In changing the direction of effort to a convenient
point
4. Gain in speed
 Functions of Simple machines?

In lifting a heavy load by applying less effort

(Force Multiplier)
 Functions of Simple machines?

In lifting a heavy load by applying less effort

(Force Multiplier)

In changing the point of application of effort to a

convenient point
 Functions of Simple machines?

In lifting a heavy load by applying less effort

(Force Multiplier)

In changing the point of application of effort to a

convenient point

In changing the direction of effort to a

convenient point
 Functions of Simple machines?

In lifting a heavy load by applying less effort

(Force Multiplier)

In changing the point of application of effort to a

convenient point

In changing the direction of effort to a

convenient point

For obtaining a gain in speed (Speed multiplier)

 Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage = Load/effort

Load> effort ⇒ MA > 1

 Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage = Load/effort

Load< effort ⇒ MA < 1

effort

Load
 Machines

Force Convenient
Multiplier! Point

MA > 1 Gain in Convenient

Speed! MA = 1 Direction
VR > 1 VR = 1
MA < 1 MA = 1
VR < 1 VR = 1
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Q1: Which of the statement is not true for a
machine ?

It can multiply force It can increase speed

A B

It can change the

Its output can be
direction of applied
more than the input
C force D
Q1: Which of the statement is not true for a
machine ?

It can multiply force It can increase speed

A B

It can change the

Its output can be
direction of applied
more than the input
C force D
Q2: Which of the statement is not true for an
actual machine?

Its mechanical
Its efficiency is always
advantage is less
less than 100%
A than velocity ratio B

Its mechanical Output of machine is

advantage is greater always less than
C than velocity ratio. D input
Q2: Which of the statement is not true for an
actual machine?

Its mechanical
Its efficiency is always
advantage is less
less than 100%
A than velocity ratio B

Its mechanical Output of machine is

advantage is greater always less than
C than velocity ratio. D input
Q3: A simple machine raises a load of 150 N by
using a force 50 N. Calculate the mechanical
advantage.

2 3
A B

1 5
C D
Q3: A simple machine raises a load of 150 N by
using a force 50 N. Calculate the mechanical
advantage.
Q3: A simple machine raises a load of 150 N by
using a force 50 N. Calculate the mechanical
advantage.

2 3
A B

1 5
C D
Q4: When a machine pressed by effort moved
down a distance of 100 cm, while the load is
raised through 25 cm at the same time. Find
the velocity ratio

2 4
A B

8 16
C D
Q4: When a machine pressed by effort moved
down a distance of 100 cm, while the load is
raised through 25 cm at the same time. Find
the velocity ratio
SOLUTION
Q4: When a machine pressed by effort moved
down a distance of 100 cm, while the load is
raised through 25 cm at the same time. Find
the velocity ratio

2 4
A B

8 16
C D
Q5: In a certain machine a force of 10 N
moves down a distance of 5 cm in order to
raise a load of 80 N through a height of 0.5
cm, calculated the (i) M.A (ii) V.R
iii) Efficiency of the machine.

M.A = 10 M.A = 10
V.R = 10 V.R = 8
Efficiency 100% Efficiency 80%
A B

M.A = 8 M.A =8
V.R = 10 V.R = 5
C Efficiency 80% D Efficiency 80%
Q5: In a certain machine a force of 10 N
moves down a distance of 5 cm in order to
raise a load of 80 N through a height of 0.5
cm, calculated the (i) M.A (ii) V.R
iii) Efficiency of the machine.
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Q5: In a certain machine a force of 10 N
moves down a distance of 5 cm in order to
raise a load of 80 N through a height of 0.5
cm, calculated the (i) M.A (ii) V.R
iii) Efficiency of the machine.

M.A = 10 M.A = 10
V.R = 10 V.R = 8
Efficiency 100% Efficiency 80%
A B

M.A = 8 M.A =8
V.R = 10 V.R = 5
C Efficiency 80% D Efficiency 80%
Q6: In a certain machine a force of 10 N
moves down a distance of 0.05 m in order to
raise a load of 100 N through a height of 0.5
cm. Calculate the velocity ratio (V.R) of the
machine.
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