IS CONVEYING CRITICISM THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA A SMART WAY?

https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20230418105537-12-939174/kriminalisasi-bima-dan-ruang-aparat-usut-jalan-rusak-di-lampung

Human rights are fundamental rights that are inherent in human beings, universal and
everlasting, therefore they must be protected, respected, upheld, and not be ignored, reduced, or taken
away by anyone. This is the definition of human rights according to the Indonesian House of
Representatives as reported by dpr.go.id. The right to freedom of expression is included in human
rights. The freedom of opinion and expression is mandated by Article 28 and Article 28E paragraph
(3) of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution which states that "everyone has the right to freedom of
association, assembly, and expression of opinions". Of course, these two definitions are known by all
levels of Indonesian society, but not necessarily in their application. Many events have occurred in the
country where there are laws related to human rights and freedom of expression that cannot apply
these values well.
One of them is Bima Yudho Saputro, the owner of the TikTok account @awbimaxreborn, who
was reported to the police after his video titled "Reasons why Lampung is not developing" went viral.
The 3-minute and 28-second video criticized various sectors in Lampung, including infrastructure,
education, bureaucratic governance, agriculture, and crime. Bima voiced his opinions and complaints
through a video he shared on his social media account. Bima's criticism is based on facts and data that
he obtained, and he packaged them in a PowerPoint file, which he presented loudly and clearly.
However, he received negative responses from Lampung regional advocates, Gindha Ansori. Bima
was reported by Gindha Ansori with a number: LP/B/161/IV/2023/SPKT/POLDALAMPUNG for
allegedly committing hate speech containing SARA (ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations)
in a video containing his criticism of the Lampung Provincial Government through his TikTok
account. In addition to receiving reports for his criticism, Bima's family also received threats and
intimidation. His mother was visited by officials and requested a number of Bima's data, such as his
diploma and bank account mutation. Bima conveyed this in a video he uploaded on his Instagram
account. It is unclear what the police want to process, but this has become a topic of gossip on social
media.
Apart from Lampung advocate, Gindha Ansori, the negative response also came from
Lampung Governor, Arinal Junaidi. He intervened in Bima's parents and urged them to provide
clarification and apologies to those who have been defamed through Bima's uploaded video. This was
conveyed by Bima in a video uploaded to his personal Instagram account. Many regretted the reactive
attitude of the Governor and law enforcement officials in Lampung, including Commissioner of the
National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), Anis Hidayah. She said that constructive
feedback on services provided by the government was the obligation of society. She believes that such
criticism should be appreciated and followed up by local governments. Many also believe that the
reactive attitude of the Lampung Governor is related to allegations of maladministration that occurred
in Lampung, given that Lampung Vice Governor, Chusnunia Chalim, was once a witness in a bribery
case involving a project in the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of
Indonesia. Therefore, this action has caused controversy. Many negative impacts have emerged from
this action, from insults, accusations, to a crisis of confidence in the government. Not only in
Lampung but also the Indonesian government.
This reactive attitude is one of the proofs of the setback of democracy in Indonesia. Individual
freedom is guaranteed but not absolute, as it is adjusted to the applicable social responsibilities. Many
people believe that reporting is a form of suppression. Furthermore, reporting cases of violations of
the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) often becomes a loophole to criminalize
people who are actively criticizing government policies. In this advanced era, social media is one of
the strongest means for conveying criticism and aspirations. Many things uploaded on social media
will go viral and be known by many people. This will bring a lot of influence to Indonesian society.
Of course, it must be used properly and wisely. Many people misuse the ITE Law to report cases
simply because they are unhappy with the content that is circulating. There are many types of
violations of the ITE Law. Therefore, the implementation of the ITE Law must be evaluated and
reconsidered. Considering that Indonesia is a democratic country, it should be able to respect and
appreciate the expression of freedom to convey criticism of anything, in accordance with applicable
norms and regulations.

Raudhotusharifah
16322369
Faculty Of Earth Sciences and Technology
I. Definition of human rights and freedom of expression in Indonesia
A. Human rights are fundamental rights inherent in human beings
B. Freedom of expression is mandated by Article 28 and Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945
Indonesian Constitution

II. Case study: Bima Yudho Saputro's criticism of Lampung government

A. Bima criticized various sectors in Lampung in a TikTok video
B. Received negative responses and was reported for hate speech by Lampung regional advocate
C. Received threats and intimidation, and family members were visited by officials
D. Lampung Governor intervened and urged Bima's parents to provide clarification and apologies
E. Reaction by the Lampung Governor and law enforcement officials criticized by Commissioner of
the National Commission on Human Rights

III. Setback of democracy in Indonesia

A. Individual freedom guaranteed but adjusted to social responsibilities
B. Reporting cases of violations of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law often used to
criminalize people who are criticizing government policies
C. Social media is a strong means for conveying criticism and aspirations
D. Misuse of the ITE Law to report cases simply because of unhappiness with content
E. Evaluation and reconsideration of the ITE Law implementation necessary for respect and
appreciation of freedom of expression.
Kriminalisasi Bima dan Ruang Aparat Usut Jalan Rusak di Lampung
CNN Indonesia
Selasa, 18 Apr 2023 11:55 WIB

Jakarta, CNN Indonesia -- Nama Bima Yudho Saputro, pemilik akun TikTok @awbimaxreborn belakangan
ini menuai kontroversi usai kontennya bertajuk "Alasan Lampung tidak maju-maju" menjadi viral.
Konten bergaya ala presentasi berdurasi 3 menit 28 detik itu menampilkan pelbagai lontaran kritik Bima
terhadap kondisi pelbagai sektor di Lampung yang tak kunjung tuai kemajuan.

Sektor infrastruktur, proyek Kota Baru, pendidikan, tata kelola birokrasi, pertanian hingga tingkat
kriminalitas di Lampung turut menjadi sorotan Bima.

Di sektor infrastruktur, Bima tak lupa menyindir jalan di Lampung banyak yang rusak. Selain itu ia juga
menyinggung proyek Kota Baru mangkrak sejak lama. Bima juga sempat menggunakan kata 'Dajjal' saat
menyebut Lampung tempat dirinya berasal.

Kritik di media sosial yang dilontarkannya lantas berbuntut panjang. Bima lantas dilaporkan ke Polda
Lampung terkait pelanggaran Undang-undang ITE oleh warga bernama Gindha Ansori. Pria yang
berprofesi sebagai advokat di Lampung itu menilai hal-hal yang disampaikan Bima dalam kontennya
merupakan hoaks. Ia mengklaim melaporkan Bima ke polisi pakai UU ITE karena terkait pernyataan
tiktoker tersebut memakai istilah 'Dajjal' dalam kontennya.

Di sisi lain, usai rekaman tiktoknya viral, Bima menyebut keluarganya di Lampung sempat mendapat
ancaman dan intimidasi. Melalui unggahan di akun instagram pribadinya @awbimax, Bima menyebut
ibunya sempat didatangi aparat kepolisian. Ia menyebut aparat tersebut turut meminta sejumlah data
pribadinya.

Juru Bicara dari pihak keluarga Bimo Yudho, Bambang Kuncoro mengungkapkan orang tua Bima sempat
ditelepon Gubernur Lampung Arinal Djunaidi buntut video TikTok tersebut. Arinal, kata Bambang, sempat
memarahi orang tua Bima. Bahkan, kata dia, orang tua Bima disebut tak bisa mendidik anak.

Gindha Pelapor Bima ke Polda Lampung: Semoga Laporan Kami Berjalan

Ketua Perhimpunan Bantuan Hukum Indonesia (PBHI) Julius Ibrani menegaskan setiap warga negara
Indonesia berhak mengkritik dan mengungkapkan ekspresinya karena dijamin konstitusi.

Ia mengatakan laporan ke polisi dan dugaan tindak intimidasi terhadap Bima dan keluarganya masuk
kategori kriminalisasi dan pelanggaran HAM.

"Laporan terhadap Bima jelas pelanggaran HAM. Situasi demokrasi sudah parah betul ketika orang
melakukan kritik tapi justru dilaporkan pidana," kata Julius kepada CNNIndonesia.com, Selasa (18/4).

Julius mengatakan upaya menyeret Bima ke kasus pidana dengan ancaman UU ITE itu sama dengan upaya
pembungkaman dan kriminalisasi terhadap kebebasan sipil. Kriminalisasi itu, lanjutnya, diduga dilakukan
pihak yang bersinggungan dengan penguasa setempat.

Julius mengatakan upaya kriminalisasi kepada pihak pengkritik supaya tak berani main-main lagi
mengungkapkan kejanggalan dalam politik kekuasaan di wilayah setempat.
"Ini pembungkaman terhadap kebebasan sipil, ada kriminalisasi kebebasan berekspresi yang dilakukan
pribadi yang diduga bersinggungan penguasa setempat, itu tak bisa dipungkiri," kata Julius.

"Baik kinerjanya yang buruk atau penguasanya yang tak berkapasitas. Modusnya begitu. Ini upaya teror
juga kepada masyarakat agar tak bicara. Jadi manut saja," tambahnya.

Julius curiga proses kriminalisasi terhadap pengkritik ini ada kaitannya dengan dugaan malaadministrasi
dan kasus korupsi di Lampung. Ia lantas menyinggung pejabat di Lampung, termasuk Wakil Gubernur
Chusnunia Chalim sempat dipanggil Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) sebagai saksi kasus suap
proyek di lingkungan Kementerian PUPR.

"Tanda bahaya ini seharusnya bisa ditangkap oleh KPK. Kok ada APBD perbaikan jalan raya tapi jalan
rusak terus menerus. Artinya [kritik Bima] ini jadi bahan masukan aparat penegakan hukum," kata dia.

Polda Lampung Bantah Tekan Keluarga Bima: Lapor Propam Jika Ada
Komnas HAM sesali sikap reaktif mengekang kebebasan berekspresi
Sementara itu, Komisioner Komnas HAM Anis Hidayah menyesalkan sikap Gubernur Lampung Arinal
Djunaidi dan aparat penegak hukum yang reaktif terhadap merespons kritik Bima ini.

"Menyesalkan sikap gubernur dan jajaran pemerintah di Lampung, termasuk aparat penegak hukum yang
reaktif terhadap kritik. Ini kan sikap berekspresi dan berpendapat gitu," kata Anis kepada
CNNIndonesia.com.

Anis mengatakan masukan yang konstruktif terhadap pelayanan diberikan pemerintah sudah menjadi
kewajiban masyarakat. Ia menilai sudah sepatutnya kritikan tersebut diapresiasi dan ditindaklanjuti
pemerintah setempat.

"Mestinya itu jadi masukan baik. Bukan malah dijadikan pintu kriminalisasi," tambahnya.

Melihat polemik ini, Anis menegaskan pelbagai masukan, kritik dan saran dari masyarakat kepada
Pemerintah merupakan kebebasan berekspresi. Sehingga tak boleh ada kriminalisasi kepada siapapun yang
sampaikan kritik dan saran kepada pemerintah.

"Karena itu bagian hak asasi manusia yang dijamin konstitusi," kata dia.

DPR Nilai Tak Ada Unsur Pidana di Kasus Bima Kritik soal Lampung
Sementara itu di Lampung kemarin, Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) Bandar Lampung dan Lembaga
Bantuan Hukum (LBH) Bandar Lampung mengecam pelaporan terhadap Bima Polda Lampung.

Bima dilaporkan Ghinda Ansori dengan nomor: LP/B/161/IV/2023/SPKT/POLDA LAMPUNG karena

diduga melakukan ujaran kebencian mengandung SARA dalam video berisi kritiknya terhadap Pemprov
Lampung lewat akun TikTok.

"Selain mencederai kebebasan setiap orang dalam berpendapat, kami menilai pelaporan itu adalah bentuk
kemunduran demokrasi di Lampung," kata Direktur LBH Bandar Lampung, Sumaindra Jarwadi dalam
keterangan tertulis, Senin, (17/4).

Sumaindra mengatakan setiap pihak bisa menghargai kritik masyarakat. Menurutnya, kebebasan
berekspresi dan berpendapat merupakan keniscayaan di negara demokrasi.

"Setiap orang maupun negara wajib untuk memenuhi dan melindungi hak tersebut," ujarnya.

Ketua AJI Bandar Lampung Dian Wahyu menyoroti UU ITE yang lagi-lagi dipakai untuk
mengkriminalisasi suara kritis warga. Menurutnya, UU ITE selalu menjadi celah untuk mengkriminalisasi
dan membungkam orang yang aktif mengkritik termasuk pada kebijakan pemerintah.

"Padahal, kritik menjadi instrumen penting dalam demokrasi. Sebab, para pengambil kebijakan mesti
dikontrol supaya kinerjanya semakin baik," kata Dian.

Selain pelaporan, AJI-LBH Bandar Lampung juga menyoroti intervensi terhadap keluarga Bima. Menurut
mereka tindakan tersebut bisa membuat masyarakat takut untuk menyampaikan aspirasi.

AJI-LBH Bandar Lampung mendesak aparat penegak hukum dan pemerintah menjamin keselamatan
Tiktoker Bima dan keluarganya.

CNNIndonesia.com berupaya menghubungi Arinal Djunaidi terkait kritik dari pelbagai pihak soal polemik
ini. Namun hingga berita ini diturunkan yang bersangkutan belum merespons.