• Rales. Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs.

They are heard when a person

breathes in (inhales). They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be
further described as moist, dry, fine, and course.

• Rhonchi. Sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or air flow becomes
rough through the large airways.

• Stridor. Wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of
airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.

• Wheezing. High-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They are most often heard when
a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard
without a stethoscope.
 Skin lumps are any abnormal bumps or swellings on or under the skin.

Considerations
Most lumps and swellings are benign (not cancerous) and are harmless, especially the kind that
feel soft and roll easily under the fingers (such as lipomas and cysts).
A lump or swelling that appears suddenly (over 24 to 48 hours) and is painful is usually caused
by an injury or an infection.

Causes
Common causes of skin lumps include:

• Lipomas, which are fatty lumps under the skin

• Enlarged lymph glands, usually in the armpits, neck, and groin
• Cysts, a closed sac in or under the skin that is lined with skin tissue and contains fluid or semisolid
material
• Benign skin growths such as seborrheic keratoses or neurofibromas
• Boils, painful, red bumps usually involving an infected hair follicle or group of follicles
• Corns or calluses, caused by skin thickening in response to continued pressure (for example, from
shoes) and usually occurring on a toe or foot
• Warts, caused by a virus that develops a rough, hard bump, usually appearing on a hand or foot and
often with tiny black dots in the bump
• Moles, skin-colored, tan, or brown bumps on the skin
• Abscesses, infected fluid and pus trapped in a closed space from which it cannot escape
• Cancer of the skin (colored or pigmented spot that bleeds easily, changes size or shape, or crusts and
does not heal)

Measles is one of the world’s most contagious diseases. It is spread by coughing and
sneezing, close personal contact or direct contact with infected nasal or throat
secretions.

The virus remains active and contagious in the air or on infected surfaces for up to 2
hours. It can be transmitted by an infected person from 4 days prior to the onset of the
rash to 4 days after the rash erupt

Measles symptoms appear 7 to 14 days after contact with the virus and typically
include high fever, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. Measles rash appears 3
to 5 days after the first symptoms.