Dermatosis

Definitions
• Dermatosis is a term that refers to diseases of the
integumentary system.
• Infectious dermatoses that can manifest as vesicles
include bacteria, viruses, fungi, syphilis and other
infections.
• . A dermatosis may involve changes in any or all of these
skin layers. Terms you may hear to describe dermatosis
of the skin include:
• rash: a wide variety of skin conditions that are red and
raised
• lesion: an area of skin that is abnormal
• macule: a change in color or consistency of the skin
• papule: a bump on the skin smaller than 1 cm in
diameter
• nodule: a bump on the skin larger than 1 cm in
diameter
• plaque: a large area of affected skin with
defined edges that may flake or peel
• vesicles and bullae: raised bumps that are filled
with fluid
• lichenification: a thick discoloration of skin, such
as lichen on a tree
• pustules: a bump that contains pus, possibly
due to infection
Some of the most common forms of
dermatosis include:
acne: when the oil glands in skin cause
pimples and scarring
impetigo: a skin infection caused by bacteria
melanoma: the most serious form of skin
cancer
basal cell carcinoma: the most common form
of skin cancer that strikes in the top layer of
the epidermis
• moles: dark growths on the skin
• actinic keratosis: crusty pre-cancerous growths
caused by sun damage
• erythema nodosum: inflammation of fat under
the skin of the shins, resulting in red lumps
• lupus erythrematosus: an autoimmune
disease that may create a “butterfly” rash on
the face
• morphea: localized scleroderma, or hardened
patches of skin
• vitiligo: white of patches of skin
• tinea: fungal infection of skin that leaves
round marks
• nail clubbing: when nails curve around the
fingertips due to low oxygen levels in the
blood
• spoon nails (koilonychia): an indication of
iron deficiency or liver condition called
hemochromatosis
• onycholysis: when the fingernails become
loose and separate from the nail bed
• Beau’s lines: indentations that run across the
nails
• yellow nail syndrome: a discoloration of the
nails
• alopecia areata: hair loss in round patches
• head lice: miniscule parasitic insects that live
on the scalp
• wrinkles: the influence of aging on skin
Non infectious dermatosis
• Dermatitis.
• Acne.
• Drug Rashes.
• Poison Ivy/Poison Oak.
• Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
Infectious dermatoses
• Impetigo. Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial
skin infection and is one of the most common skin
infections in children, among which 30% of cases
are bullous impetigo. ...
• Serratia marcescens infection. ...
• Leprosy. ...
• Chicken pox. ...
• Herpes zoster. ...
• Herpes simplex. ...
• Hand-foot-mouth disease. ...
• Tinea pedis.
Impetigo
• Impetigo is a common and highly
contagious skin infection that mainly
affects infants and children. Impetigo
usually appears as red sores on the face,
especially around a child's nose and
mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores
burst and develop honey-colored crusts.
Etiology
• Impetigo is an infection caused by strains of staph or
strep bacteria.
• live in a warm, humid climate
• have diabetes
• are undergoing dialysis
• have a compromised immune system, such as from HIV
• have skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, or
psoriasis
• have a sunburn or other burns
• have itchy infections such as lice, scabies, herpes
simplex, or chickenpox
• have insect bites or poison ivy
• play contact sports
Types
• nonbullous
• bullous impetigo
• Bullous impetigo is a bacterial skin infection
caused by Staphylococcus aureus that results in
the formation of large blisters called bullae,
usually in areas with skin folds like the armpit,
groin, between the fingers or toes, beneath the
breast, and between the buttocks. It accounts for
30% of cases of impetigo, the other 70% being
non-bullous impetigo.
• Non-bullous impetigo is a highly contagious
superficial skin infection primarily caused by
Staphylococcus aureus in industrialized countries.
However, group A streptococcus (Streptococcus
pyogenes) remains a common cause of non-bullous
impetigo
Pathophysiology
• Impetigo is an infection caused by strains of staph
or strep bacteria.

• These bacteria can get into body through a break

in the skin from a cut, scratch, insect bite, or rash.
Then they can invade and colonize.
• these bacteria can easily transmitted by touching
the sores of a person with impetigo or touching
items like towels, clothes, or sheets that the person
used

• Clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations
• Nonbullous impetigo: This is the more common
form, caused by both staph and strep bacteria.
• This form of impetigo initially manifest as small red
papules similar to insect bites.
• These contagious lesions rapidly evolve to small
blisters and then to pustules that finally scab over
with a characteristic honey-colored crust.
• This entire process usually takes about one week.
• These lesions often start around the nose and on
the face, but less frequently they may also affect
the arms and legs.
• At times, there may be non-tender but swollen
lymph nodes (glands) nearby
• .Bullous impetigo: This form of impetigo is caused
only by staph bacteria.

• Bullae can appear in various skin areas, especially

the buttocks and trunk.
• These blisters are fragile and contain a clear yellow-
colored fluid.
• The bullae are delicate and often break with the
overlying "roof" of skin lost, leaving red, raw skin
with a ragged edge.
• A dark crust will commonly develop during the final
stages of development.
Diagnostic evaluations
• History collection
• physical examination
• culture test
Management
• Mild impetigo can be handled by gentle cleansing
of the sores, removing crusts from the infected
person, and applying the prescription-strength
antibiotic ointment mupirocin (Bactroban)
• Nonprescription topical antibiotic ointments (such
as Neosporin) generally are not effective.
• Oral antibiotics like Antibiotics which can be helpful
include penicillin derivatives (such as amoxicillin-
clavulanic acid [Augmentin]) and cephalosporins
such as cephalexin (Keflex).
Prevention
• Gently wash the affected areas with mild soap and
running water and then cover lightly with gauze.
• Wash an infected person's clothes, linens and
towels every day and don't share them with anyone
else in family.
• Wear gloves when applying antibiotic ointment and
wash hands thoroughly afterward.
• Cut an infected child's nails short to prevent
damage from scratching.
• Wash hands frequently.
Non infectious dermatosis
• Acne vulgaris
• alopecia
Definition
Alopecia
PSORIASIS
Coal tar