Appendix L: Defence Requirements

Appendix L: defence requirements
This appendix sets out the stages of computing the direct-plus-indirect

requirements of defence outlays reported in chapter 5. Each table is
divided into two. Columns on the left show outlays as in the budget
('gross of imports'); those on the right show outlays after deduction of
net imports. Note that it is the total of net imports which is subtracted,
not just imports of final products designated for defence use.1
Table L.I shows how defence outlays are allocated among the 27 pro-
cessing sectors, gross and net of imports. Taking into account the net
import of nonmilitary final and intermediate products in 1942-4, a row-
by-row survey of outlays net of imports reveals many negative cells
(column totals remain large and positive, of course); negative entries
just mean that net imports were large enough to satisfy all direct
defence needs and contribute to direct nondefence requirements as
well. Table L.2 shows the associated direct-plus-indirect requirements
for gross outputs. Table L.3 converts the latter into percentages of avail-
able gross output, including output available from de-stocking in 1942,
or less output required for stock recovery in 1943-4.
Table L.4 converts gross outputs into value added for defence use by
sector of origin, and table L.5 applies coefficients of value added per
worker to find out the labour requirements of defence outlays in each
sector and year.
286
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Appendices 287
Table L.I. Defence outlays on final products, by processing sector, 1940 and
1942-4 (million rubles at 1937 factor cost)
Gross of imports Net of imports
1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944
1 Electric power 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0
3 Peat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Petroleum 1481 2380 2698 3137 1481 2298 2450 2749
5 Iron, steel
(military) 0 0 0 0 0 -595 -613 -671
5a Iron, steel
(civilian) 0 0 0 0 0 -9 -10 -81
6 Nonferrous metals 0 0 0 0 0 -777 -1275 -1715
7 Fab. metal
products 2637 4513 4171 4845 2637 2552 -25 -2791
8 Defence
industries 15482 54531 66972 70526 15482 52398 62849 67321
9 Chemicals 0 0 0 0 0 -339 -1174 -1559
10 Con. materials 0 0 0 0 0 -39 -91 -77
11 Umber, wood
products 0 0 0 0 0 -0 7 3
12 Paper, paper
products 0 0 0 0 0 -9 -19 -36
13 Textiles 2182 3140 2252 2279 2182 2990 1161 808
14 Light industry 2182 3140 2252 2279 2182 3197 1945 1695
15 Food processing 9760 13906 13971 12006 9760 12320 8470 7010
16 Other industries 0 0 0 0 0 -136 -305 -419
17 Agriculture 0 0 0 0 0 -4 -67 -55
17a Construction 2416 2276 1310 1619 2416 2276 1310 1619
18 Transport 930 1364 2582 2997 930 1364 2582 2997
19 Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 Trade 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20a Communal
services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20b Personal services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20c Housing services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20d Government
services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20e Military services 6800 16188 16956 17512 6800 16188 16956 17512
21 Defence total 43870 101441 113162 117200 43870 93676 94150 94310
21a %ofGNP 17% 61% 61% 53% 17% 56% 51% 43%
Sources: Real defence outlays, gross of imports, as table K.4; outlays net of
imports are calculated by subtracting figures for total net imports in table J.I,
rows 1-17.
288 Appendices
Table L.2. Gross output for defence use, 1940 and 1942-4 (million rubles at
1937factor cost)
1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944
1 Electric power 997 2133 2285 2265 997 1767 1545 1291
2 Coal 904 1814 1996 2003 904 1497 1394 1206
3 Peat 144 281 288 283 144 241 197 166
4 Petroleum 2918 4877 5454 5925 2918 4520 4526 4718
5 Iron, steel (military) 3422 7492 7960 8087 3422 5297 4618 3227
5a Iron, steel (civilian) 1237 3034 3339 3254 1237 2906 3123 3025
6 Nonferrous metals 1906 4474 4869 4797 1906 2498 1486 277
7 Fab. metal products 3432 6274 6031 6734 3432 4065 1335 -1711
8 Defence industries 17210 58767 71632 75070 17210 56465 67216 71648
9 Chemicals 2034 4346 4632 4490 2034 3607 2389 1685
10 Con. materials 268 377 322 350 268 265 91 64
11 Timber, wood
products 1625 3560 3841 3772 1625 3266 3264 3104
12 Paper, paper
products 218 512 556 544 218 475 484 458
13 Textiles 6514 10643 8875 8885 6514 10139 6280 5257
14 Light industry 2305 3317 2379 2407 2305 3377 2054 1790
15 Food processing 16688 24117 24211 20965 16688 21352 14653 12076
17 Agriculture 8791 13134 12552 11289 8791 11873 7814 6470
17a Construction 2416 2276 1310 1619 2416 2276 1310 1619
18 Transport 3304 5781 7194 7476 3304 5220 5897 5894
19 Communications 551 969 1003 965 551 868 729 652
20 Trade 793 1522 1572 1514 793 1371 1190 1067
20a Communal services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20d Government services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 Defence total 84475 175889 189257 190207 84475 159399 148246 141077
Source: Defence outlays (table L.I), multiplied by the Leontief matrix for each
year, as tables F.6 and D.5.
Appendices 289
Table L.3. Defence requirements, including direct-plus-indirect requirements

of de-stocking, 1940 and 1942-4 (per cent of available output)
1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944
1 Electric power 29% 70% 72% 62% 29% 65% 63% 48%
2 Coal 28% 68% 71% 61% 28% 64% 63% 48%
3 Peat 25% 62% 64% 53% 25% 59% 55% 40%
4 Petroleum 30% 63% 67% 59% 30% 62% 63% 53%
5 Iron, steel (military) 29% 74% 76% 66% 29% 67% 65% 43%
5a Iron, steel (civilian) 86% 95% 96% 96% 86% 95% 96% 96%
6 Nonferrous metals 54% 87% 89% 84% 54% 80% 71% 24%
7 Fab. metal products 17% 56% 57% 45% 17% 45% 22% -26%
8 Defence industries 86% 95% 96% 96% 86% 95% 96% 96%
9 Chemicals 41% 79% 81% 73% 41% 75% 68% 50%
10 Con. materials 13% 44% 42% 29% 13% 35% 17% 7%
11 Timber, wood products 22% 66% 69% 56% 22% 64% 66% 52%
12 Paper, paper products 24% 66% 67% 56% 24% 64% 64% 52%
13 Textiles 36% 69% 66% 56% 36% 68% 58% 43%
14 Light industry 22% 48% 41% 31% 22% 48% 37% 25%
15 Food processing 36% 66% 67% 53% 36% 63% 55% 40%
16 Other industries 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% -3% -7% -6%
17 Agriculture 8% 24% 24% 16% 8% 22% 16% 10%
17a Construction 9% 28% 19% 13% 9% 28% 19% 13%
18 Transport 23% 58% 64% 54% 23% 55% 59% 48%
19 Communications 20% 52% 54% 43% 20% 50% 46% 33%
20 Trade 8% 27% 29% 20% 8% 25% 24% 15%
20a Communal services 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
20b Personal services 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
20c Housing services 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
20d Government services 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
20e Military services 86% 93% 93% 93% 86% 93% 93% 93%
21 Defence total 22% 58% 61% 51% 22% 56% 55% 43%
Source: Gross output for defence use (table L.2), divided by gross output available
(calculated as direct-plus-indirect requirements of total final demand, less demand for
stockbuilding (f. - As,), multiplied by the Leontief matrix for each year.
290 Appendices
Table L.4. Value added for defence use by processing sector, 1940 and 1942-4
(million rubles and 1937 factor cost)
1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944
1 Electric power 503 1077 1153 1143 503 892 780 652
2 Coal 757 1518 1670 1676 757 1253 1166 1009
3 Peat 118 231 237 233 118 198 162 137
4 Petroleum 2415 4035 4513 4902 2415 3740 3745 3904
9 Chemicals 603 1289 1374 1332 603 1070 709 500
10 Con. materials 146 205 175 190 146 144 50 35
11 Umber, wood products 1186 2597 2802 2753 1186 2383 2382 2265
12 Paper, paper products 116 274 297 291 116 254 259 245
13 Textiles 2734 4468 3726 3730 2734 4256 2636 2207
14 Light industry 443 638 458 463 443 650 395 344
15 Food processing 4101 5926 5950 5152 4101 5247 3601 2968
17 Agriculture 5500 8217 7853 7063 5500 7428 4889 4048
17a Construction 2141 2018 1161 1435 2141 2018 1161 1435
18 Transport 2196 3843 4782 4970 2196 3470 3920 3918
19 Communications 526 926 958 922 526 829 697 623
20 Trade 641 1231 1271 1224 641 1108 962 863
21 Defence total 43870 101441 113162 117200 43870 93676 94150 94310
21a %ofGNP 17% 61% 61% 53% 17% 56% 51% 43%
Source: Gross outputs for defence use (table L.2), less intermediate inputs
(calculated as gross outputs multiplied by sums of technical coefficients, as
tables F.6 and D.5).
Appendices 291
Table L.5. Employment in supply of defence uses, 1940 and 1942-4

(thousands)
1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944
1 Electric power 94 244 253 255 94 202 171 145

2 Coal 141 344 366 374 141 284 256 225
3 Peat 22 52 52 52 22 45 36 31
4 Petroleum 449 915 989 1094 449 848 821 871
9 Chemicals 112 292 301 297 112 243 155 112
10 Con. materials 27 47 38 42 27 33 11 8
11 Timber, wood products 221 589 614 614 221 540 522 505
12 Paper, paper products 22 62 65 65 22 58 57 55
13 Textiles 509 1013 817 832 509 965 578 492
14 Light industry 82 145 100 103 82 147 87 77
15 Food processing 763 1343 1304 1149 763 1189 789 662
17 Agriculture 3882 7276 6580 4900 3882 6577 4096 2808
17a Construction 475 968 515 628 475 968 515 628
18 Transport 449 881 986 1084 449 796 808 855
19 Communications 108 212 198 201 108 190 144 136
20 Trade 192 548 615 620 192 493 466 437
21 Defence total 14318 30193 29779 28752 14318 28127 24206 22548
21a % of total employment 16% 55% 52% 43% 16% 51% 42% 34%
Sources: Value added for defence use (table L.4), divided by value added per
worker, from table 5.7.

Appendix L: Defence Requirements

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Appendix L: Defence Requirements

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Appendix L: defence requirements

This appendix sets out the stages of computing the direct-plus-indirect

Gross of imports Net of imports

1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944

Gross of imports Net of imports

1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944

Table L.3. Defence requirements, including direct-plus-indirect requirements

Gross of imports Net of imports

1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944

Gross of imports Net of imports

1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944

Table L.5. Employment in supply of defence uses, 1940 and 1942-4

Gross of imports Net of imports

1940 1942 1943 1944 1940 1942 1943 1944

1 Electric power 94 244 253 255 94 202 171 145

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