EXPERIMENT NO.

Aim:- Control the speed of AC 3 phase induction motor using VFD.

Apparatus:-

Sr No Hardware Required Software Required

1 PLC Rockwell Automation

2 HMI
3 3-phase induction motor
4 Connecting Wires
5 Pot

Theory:

AC motors are constant speed devices but their speed can vary if you change the input voltageor
frequency or the windings that make the motor rotate. The most common and efficient way of changingthe
speed is to vary the frequency by using an inverter as the power supply. A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to
the electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable
frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter. VFDs are used in applications ranging from small
appliances to large compressors. The AC electric motor used in a VFD system is usually three-phase
induction motor. Some types of single-phase motors or synchronous motors can be advantageous
in some situations, but generally three-phase induction motors are preferred as the most economical.
Motors that are designed for fixed-speed operation are often used. Elevated- voltage stresses imposed on
induction motors that are supplied by VFDs require that such motors be designed for definite- purpose
inverter-fed duty in accordance with such requirements.
3 Phase Induction Motor:

Principle of Operation of 3-Phase Induction Motor: When the motor is excited with three-phase supply,
three-phase stator winding produce a rotating magnetic field with 120 displacements at constant magnitude
which rotates at synchronous speed. This stator and the rotor fields difference is called as slip. Some of the
advantages like low cost, rugged design less complexity and easy to maintain of AC motors results many
of the industrial operations are performed with use of AC drives than DC drives.AC induction
motor is a special type of electric motor having its own typical characteristics and performance in terms of
starting, speed control, protections, and so on. The three-phase ACinduction motor is a rotating electric
machine that is designed to operate on three phase supply. This 3 phase motor is also called as an
asynchronous motor. This AC motors are of two types: squirrel and slip- ring type induction motors. The
principle of operation of this motor is based on the production of rotating magnetic field.

3-Phase Induction Motor

Specifications

HP/Kw : 1.0 / 0.75

Hz : 50
N : 1440
PF : 0.75
V : 415 STAR 2.2 A
: 220 DELTA 3.3 A

Fig: 3 Phase induction motor specifications

The motor has been connected in star connections on 220 V AC. The motor is connected to AC Drive and
analog output (0-10 volts) is going to be vary through 0-10 volts pot. This signal is provided to drive and
according to 0-10 volts, the frequency 0-50 Hz will vary. The motor rated speed is 1440 rpm. If we set pot
on 10volts, the motor will rotate on its rated speed i.e. 1440 rpm.
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD):

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying
the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive,
adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter. A Variable
Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying thefrequency
and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed
drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter.

Each part of a variable frequency drive has the following function.

Converter: Circuit to change the commercial AC power supply to the DC

Smoothing circuit: Circuit to smooth the pulsation included in the DC
Inverter: Circuit to change the DC to the AC with variable frequency
Control circuit: Circuit to mainly control the inverter part

Fig: VFD circuit diagram

VSS Series Multifunctional Compact Inverter :

Connections between PLC, HMI, Induction Motor:

Operation panel is a Human-Machine-Interface (HMI), which can change the inverter

function parameter, monitor the inverter work situation, control the inverter run/stop, etc.
The appearance and functional area is as shown below:
Fig: Connections between PLC, HMI, Induction Motor
Procedure:

1. Open software programming window

2. Write program logic in ladder language
3. Write program for VFD Control
4. Download program to PLC by connecting ethernet cable between PLC and PC
5. Connect Ethernet cable between PLC
6. Rotate Pot (0-10volts) analog input, and observe the rotation of motor.

Result/Conclusion :