‫‪ ------‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،16‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪------ 2005 ، 103-91‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻲ‬

‫ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬

‫ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

‫)ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ‪ ، 2003/9/13‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل ‪(2003/11/15‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﺭﺴﺕ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺼل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻓﺭﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺅﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﻔﺭ ﺍﻻﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺴﺤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺒـ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ـ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ(‪ .‬ﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺼﺨﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻏـﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻘـل ﻭﻭﺴـﻁﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺠﺯﺍﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺠﻴﺭﻴـﺎﺕ ﻻﻏﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻁـﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﻤﺘﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻻﻏﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪Lithostratigraphy of Turonian-Santonian Unit in Sfaya Oil Field‬‬
‫‪Northwest Iraq‬‬
‫‪Abdul-Aziz M.Al-Hamdani‬‬ ‫‪Farhan H.Al-Ajeli‬‬
‫‪Department of Geology‬‬
‫‪North Oil Company‬‬
‫‪College of Science‬‬
‫‪Kirkuk‬‬
‫‪Mosul University‬‬

‫‪ABSTRACT‬‬
‫‪The Stratigraphy and facies analyses of the unknown calcareous conglomerate unit,‬‬
‫‪which has recently been brought up by bore holes in Sfaya oil field at north western Iraq,‬‬
‫‪have been shown that this unit is of “Turonian-Santonian” age. Lithologically,‬‬
‫‪conglomerate and embedded mudstone lenses at the western and centeral parts of the‬‬
‫‪field represent the unit. On the other hand, it is represented by conglomerate, which is‬‬
‫‪interfingering with lagoonal carbonates at the southeastern parts and by thick typical‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫‪lagoonal carbonate facies, which overlay a tongue of conglomerate extending towards‬‬

‫‪Ain-Zala oil field. Stratigraphic and facies analyses have indicated that this unit was‬‬
‫‪deposited in a limited lagoonal environment.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﹸﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ـ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ( ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻤﺜـل ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺌﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ـ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﻔل( ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻠﻲ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻤـﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺘــﻲ )ﺴـﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻲ( ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ )‪ (Cenomanian‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﻤﺠﻭﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻭﻤـﺸﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (Campanian‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻊ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻤﺠﻤل ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﺎﺨﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻁـﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ ﺃﻗـﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺒـﺎل‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴـﹰﺎ ﺘﻘـﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻁـﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻭﺘﺒﻌـﹰﺎ ﻟــ‬
‫)‪ (Buday and Jassim, 1987‬ﺒﻨﻁﺎﻕ )ﺠﻤﺠﻤﺎل‪-‬ﺒﻁﻤﺔ( ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ )ﺸﻜل ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ )ﺸﻤـﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ‪ -‬ﺠﻨـﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻕ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺄﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﺭ ﺒﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪ 11‬ﻜﻡ( ﻁﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭ )‪ 3.5‬ﻜﻡ( ﻋﺭﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻁﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻏﺎﻁﺴﻴـﻥ ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺘﻘﺘـﺼـﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺸـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ )‪ .( Middle Miocene‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤـﹰﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺘﻼل ﻭﺍﻁﺌـﺔ ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺩﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔـﻀﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (20‬ﺒﺌﺭﹰﺍ ﻨﻔﻁﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺯﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤـﻭﻡ ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴـﹰﺎ ﻭﺴﺤﻨﻴـﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻀـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺌـﺭ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ )‪ (Az-19‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﺼﻲ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻘل ﻋـﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ )‪ (Chatton and Hart, 1961‬ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜـﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺭﻴـﺸﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻕ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻤـﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺸـﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (Chatton, 1962‬ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺭﻴـﺔ ﻻﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺘﻲ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻭﺘـﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻨﺔ )‪ ،(Wajna‬ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻤـﻊ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻨﺠﺯﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻨﻔـﻁ ﺍﻟـﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫)‪ (1981‬ﻭ)‪ (NPC , 1986‬ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ )‪ ،(1991‬ﻭﻤﺅﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‪ .(1998 ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫‪93‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ……‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ (A) :1‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟـ )‪.(Buday and Jassim, 1987‬‬
‫)‪ (B‬ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪94‬‬

‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺭﻴﺸﻴﺎ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘـل ﺼـﻔﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻘـل ﻜﺒﺌـﺭﻱ ﺼـﻔﻴﺔ )‪ (Sf-25‬ﻭ )‪ (Sf-4‬ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻁـﺭﻕ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺌﺭﻱ )‪ (S f-16‬ﻭ)‪.(Sf-20‬‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴـﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﻤﺠﻭﻗﺔ ﻭﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﺎﺌﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺤﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺭﺏ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺴﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸﺭﻗﻪ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻗﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻻﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﻤﺘﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻟـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻻﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟـﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺤﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴـﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﻤﻭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻀﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻤـﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨـﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (Allochems‬ﻤﺅﻟﻔــﺔ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻟــﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯﻴـﺔ ) ‪Fecal‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫‪ (Pellets‬ﻭﻓﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ )‪ (Pelecypods‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴﺩ )‪ (Miliolid‬ﺍﺴﺎﺴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻟﺏ )‪ (Algae‬ﻭﺍﻹﻭﺴﺘﺭﺍﻜﻭﺩﺍ ﻭﻓﺘﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺼﺨﺭﻴـﺔ )‪ (Lithoclasts‬ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺔ )‪(Intraclasts‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ )‪ ،(Extraclasts‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺘﻴﺔ )‪.(Phosphatic Lithoclasts‬‬
‫ﺴﺤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺏ ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﺤﻨـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ‪ :‬ﺴـﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻤـﺎﻟﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴـﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻭﺴـﺘﺭﺍﻜﻭﺩﺍ ﻭﺤﻁـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒـﺎﺕ ﺒﺌـﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (Az-19‬ﻭ)‪ .(Sf-25‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﺍﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺩﻟﻤﺘﺔ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺩﻴﺔ )‪ (Subtidal‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟـﻭﺍﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺩﻟﻤﺘﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺌﺭﻱ )‪ (Az-19‬ﻭ)‪ ،(Sf-25‬ﻋﺎﻜﺴﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺌﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Lagoon‬ﺍﻟﻀﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟـﺩﻤﺎﻟﻕ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺃﺼﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺩﺴﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﺍﻴﺘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺤﻘـل ﺼﻔﻴــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﺴـﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴـﺭﻱ ﺍﻟـﻭﺍﻜﻲ‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ……‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻠﻘﻲ‪.‬ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻘـﻊ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻤﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴـﺔ ) ‪Local‬‬
‫‪ (buildups‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻁﺭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺴـﺎﺴـﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﺒـﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴـﺭ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻠـﺘﺤﻡ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﻀﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻏﻡ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺌﺭ ﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺒﺩﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺀﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺄﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻜﺴ ﹰﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﻟﻙ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺌـﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ ،(Az-19‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺸﻜل ‪.(2‬‬

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‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :2‬ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜل )‪ (Isolith‬ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪5-1‬ﻡ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘـل‬
‫ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺌﺭ )‪ ،(Sf-16‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺤﺎﺠﺯ ﺍﻟـ )‪15‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺒـﺎﺭ ﺼﻔﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل )‪ (Sf-4 ; Sf-25‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻙ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻠـﻎ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪18‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪96‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺒﻠـﻎ ﺫﺭﻭﺘﻬـﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺤﻘـل ﻋـﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(Az-19‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪ (72‬ﻤﺘﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﺤﻘﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (Mh-1‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﹶﻠﻴﺭ )‪ (Gl-1‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ .(1‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺯﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼل ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ( ﺒﺄﺴﻔل ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤل ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﺏ ﺤﻘـل ﺼـﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺤﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴـﺔ )ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﻤﺠﻭﻗﺔ( ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻠﺘﺤـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬
‫ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﺤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺠﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻴﺴﻭﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﺠﺱ ﺃﺸـﻌﺔ ﻜﹶﺎﻤـﺎ‬
‫)‪ (GR‬ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴـﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴــﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸـﻊ )ﺸﻜل ‪ .(3‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺴﻁﺤﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴـﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﺨﺘﺘﺎﻡ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺨﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟـﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒـﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻠﺴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺸﺭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌــﺔ ﺴـﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺜﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴـﻭﺍﺀﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺨـﺼﺎﺌـﺹ ﺍﻟـﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺫﺒﺫﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﺱ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﻜﹶﺎﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﺘﺠﻠﺱ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ )ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘـﺎﻥ( ﻓـﻭﻕ ﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤل ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﺠﻠﺱ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺌﺭ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ )‪ .(Az-19‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﺴﻭ ﹰﺓ ﺒﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺤـﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘـﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﹸﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ( ﺴﻁﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻔـﺎﺕ ﺼﺨﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴـﻊ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ……‬

‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺠﻭﺴﺘﻴﺠﺎﻨﻴﻲ‬

‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﻤﺘﺩﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﺩﻤﺎﻟﻕ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﻔﺄﺴﻘﺩﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﺭﻭﺩﺴﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺹ ﻤﺩﻤﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻼﻭﺴﺘﺭﺍﻜﻭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﲑﺑﲑ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :3‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺭ )ﺏ‪-‬ﺏ`( ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻤﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﺍﻟﻙ ﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻡ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺼـﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﻨﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒــﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺱ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﻜﹶﺎﻤﺎ )‪ (GR‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺭﺒﻁـﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻵﺒــﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻘﺎﻁـﻊ ﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻓﻀـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻀـﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀـﺢ ﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻓﺈﻨـﻪ ﻴﻅﻬـﺭ ﺍﻴـﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻼﺴـﻥ ﻟﺴﺤﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻘـل ﺼـﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻻﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺤﻘـل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻼﻥ ‪ .(4,3‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﺍﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴـﹰﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻲ )ﺸﻜل ‪ (5‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺴﻤﻜﻬﺎ )‪18‬ﻡ( ﻓﻲ ﺒﺌﺭ )‪ (Sf-16‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺤﺎﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻜﺴﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﺎﺌـﺩﺓ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﻟﻖ‬

‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺳﻘﺪﻣﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻴﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻼﻭﺳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻮﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺺ ﻣﺪﻣﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﱯ‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :4‬ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺭ )ﺃ‪-‬ﺃ`( ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻃﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻣﻠﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ )‪(1:200‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺠﻮﺷﻴﺠﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﱯ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺟﲑﻱ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺪﻣﻠﺖ‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :5‬ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺭ )ﺠـ‪-‬ﺠـ`( ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪99‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ……‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻋﺭﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺠﺯﹰﺍ ﻷﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺠﺩﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺤـﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل‬
‫)‪ (Buday, 1980‬ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل )‪ .(El-Nakhal, 1988‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺤﻴـﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭﻫﻤـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺜـﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﺠﺩﻭل ‪ .(1‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﻀـﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺠـﺯﹰﺍ‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (Turonian-Early Campanian‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤل ﻤﻨﺎﻁـﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻴﻭﺠﻴﻭﺴﻴﻨﻜﻼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺨـﺼﺔ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ( ﺴـﻭﺍﺀﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟـﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴـﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻴـﺭ ﺍﻟـﺯﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀﹰﺍ ﺒﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻁﻴﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ(‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺜﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺌﻴﺔ )‪.(Lagoon‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ ﹰﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻠﻲ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻜـﺩ )‪ (Dunnington, 1956; Bellen et al., 1959; Chatton and Hart, 1961; Chatton, 1962‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻟـﻡ ﺘﺒـﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ )ﺠﺩﻭل ‪ .(2‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺴﺤﻨـﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻐﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺭ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻟـ )‪ (Ditmar et al., 1971‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﺨﺘﺘﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﻴﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﺃﻴـﻀـﹰﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل )‪(Buday , 1980‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺠﻠﺱ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻤﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ ﻭﻤﻜﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻭﻨﺠﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒـﻕ‪ ،‬ﻴﺼﺒـﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜـﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻤـﺭ ﻭﺤــﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜــﺎﺕ ﺒــ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ( ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠـﺔ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺌﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺨـﻼل ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :2‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺂﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫)‪N.P.O. (1986‬‬ ‫)‪Buday (1980‬‬ ‫‪Chatton‬‬ ‫& ‪Chatton‬‬
‫)‪Hart (1961‬‬
‫‪Bellen et al.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪(1962‬‬ ‫)‪(1959‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻟـ)‪ (Saint-marc , 1978‬ﻭ)‪ (Murris , 1980‬ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻨﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﺴﻴﻨﻴـﺔ )‪ ،(Sub Hercynian‬ﻤﻤـﺎ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻨﻬـﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻴـﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺼﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ( ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ……‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻐﻁﺎﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ ﺨﻠـﻕ ﻅﺭﻭﻓـﹰﺎ ﺠﻴـﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺸﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻬﺸﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﺴﺭ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻗﺴﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜــﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺒﻬـﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴـﺏ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺴﺤﻨﺔ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺒـﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌـﺯﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺴﻤﻙ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻨـﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ ﹰﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻨﻭﺍﺘﺞ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺔ ﺒﺒﻁﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻗﺩ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﻨﺎﻴﺘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻁـﺔ ﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻭﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺩﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻤﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘـل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻭﺓ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ ﹰﺔ ﺒﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻌـﺯﻯ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻨﺤـﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻨﺴﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ( ﻋﻥ ﻏﺭﺏ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻨﺤﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻤﻠﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﺭﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺤﻘل ﻋﻴـﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ )ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ( ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ )ﺸﻜل ‪.(6‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :6‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ(‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪102‬‬

‫ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻨﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ ﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺸﻤل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ )‪ .(Chatton and Hart , 1961‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺒـﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺤﻭﺽ ﺸﺎﻁﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻐﻤﺭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻤـﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻅـﻡ ﺍﻻﺠـﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﻤﺤﻭﺭ )ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ‪ -‬ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸـﺭﻕ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺤﻭﻀﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻁﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻁﻭﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻀﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺌﺭ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ )‪ (Sf-25‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺤﺎﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻌﻤﻕ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺌﺭ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﻟـﺔ )‪ .(Az-19‬ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﻡ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤل ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫)ﺸﻜل ‪ .(7‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺭﻗﺔ ﻻﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺩﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﹸﺭﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻏﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻜﻲ ﺍﻟـﺩﻤﻠﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻠﻴﻭﻟﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫?‬

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‫?‬
‫?‬

‫ﺸﻜل ‪ :7‬ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﻜل(‪.‬‬

103 …… ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭﻨﻲ‬-‫ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬.1998 ،‫ ﻓﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬
.‫ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬74 ،‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬،‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬،‫ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ )ﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻴﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ( ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻁــﻊ‬.1991 ،‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻗـﺴـﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒـﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻏﻴـﺭ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻴﺎﺴﻲ( ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻕ )ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﻲ‬
.‫ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬
،‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻤﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﺸﻴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬.1981 ،‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
.‫ ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬،‫ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
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