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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪، 28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،13‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﻴﻨﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﻭﻱ* ﺯﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻲ* ﻭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ*‬

‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‪2009/ 6/ 21 :‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‪2010/2/16 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ) ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸـﻁ –‬
‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ –ﺭﻤل( ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍل ‪pH, E.C, Temp, COD, T.S, S.S‬‬
‫‪.,T.H , PO4,NO3, pb, Cu ,Zn,Cd, Mg ,Ca.‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻻﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 20‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻭﻁﺄ ﺤﻤل ﻋﻀﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨـل ﻜﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺸﺤﻲ)ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ –ﺭﻤل( ﻭﻤﺭﺸﺢ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ –ﺭﻤل( ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﺎﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩﻟﻲ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ‪5‬ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻤﺭﺸﺢ ) ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ –ﺭﻤل(‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺸﺢ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ – ﺭﻤل( ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـﺔ ‪%92) S.S‬ﻭ ﻭ‪.(%87‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍل ‪ %58) COD‬ﻭ‪ (%40‬ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ) ‪ %73‬ﻭ‪ (%58‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻜﻔﺄ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ )ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ – ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ – ﺭﻤل( ﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﻜﺜﺭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ )‪ %95‬ﻭ‪.(%92‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ %73)COD‬ﻭ‪. (%58‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ) ‪ % 87.5‬ﻭ ‪ (%73‬ﻟﻠﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‪.‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ COD‬ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟـﻭﺍﻁﺊ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺘﺘﺎﺜﺭ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺫ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪The Use of Multi Media Filter for removing pollutants from‬‬
‫‪Nineveh Drugs Industry‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪Study depending on using of multi media filter consists of activated carbon,‬‬
‫‪ceramic, sand in order to treatment wastewater of Nineveh Drugs Industry which‬‬
‫‪contained of many amount of chemicals .Raw effluents passed through filters to‬‬
‫‪found the efficiency removal of pollutions .Many tests had done for more than 20‬‬
‫‪samples such as ;pH, E.C, COD, T.S, S.S , T.H, Ca-H, PO4,NO3, pb, Cu, Zn , Cd,‬‬
‫‪Ca, Mg .The highest and lowest value of organic load value of the waste have‬‬
‫‪been chosen for treatment at rate 5 and 10 m/hr .Comparison carried out between‬‬
‫‪(Activated carbon-sand) filter and(ceramic –sand) filter in order to finding the‬‬
‫‪–sand) is‬‬
‫‪most effective of removal .The results showed that filter(activated carbon‬‬
‫‪more effective than filter (ceramic-sand).Removal efficiency on to (activated‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺤﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮫ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬
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‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪، 28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،13‬‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﻴﻨﻭﻯ‬
‫‪carbon–sand) at lowest and highest organic load respectively reached to(92% and‬‬
‫‪73%) for SS and (%58, % 40) for COD( 85% and 56%) for lead. Lead was the‬‬
‫‪most effective removal from heavy metal. Multi media filter is gave most effective‬‬
‫‪removal efficiency at lowest and highest organic load respectively (95%, 92%) for‬‬
‫‪S.S and (%73 %58 ) for COD and (87.5%, 73%) for lead.‬‬
‫‪The effluent casting to river except cadmium was within limits . COD value was‬‬
‫‪within limits of casting to river at low organic load and exceed limits at high‬‬
‫‪organic load. Current velocity at rate5 m/hr is most effective.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـﺎﻁ‬
‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـ‬‫ـﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺠﺫﺒـ‬ ‫ـﻼ ﻋـ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻓﻀـ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺤـﺩ ﻁـﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻟﺤﺩﻴــﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻐﻨﻴــﺯ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫــﺎ ] ‪. [14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻓﻀل ﺍﻻﻭﺴـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴـﻁ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺸـﻴﺢ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻻﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜــﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻌــﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺤــﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸـﻴﺢ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬
‫‪ .‬ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﺤﺠﺎﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺤﺠـﻡ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴــ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴــ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜــ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (50 – 0.5‬ﻤﻠـﻡ ﺤﺴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺜﺒﺕ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﻤﻭﺡ ﻟﻠﻌﻤـﻭﺩ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ ) ‪-12‬‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺨﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻀـﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫‪ (30‬ﺴﻡ ‪[5 ].‬‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﺘﻤﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻁ ﺒﺎﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻋـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـﺎﻁ ﺒﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻬـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌـ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﻋـﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴـل ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺸﺤﻨﻪ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤـﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻘﻴـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺍﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺨﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻤﺎ ]‪.[2‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﺤـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﻴﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﺤـﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤــﻥ ﻤــﺯﺝ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴــﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﺜــﺎﺕ ﻋﻀــﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴــﺭ ﻋﻀــﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬
‫)‪ (Ca-X) ,(Mg-X) + (Si-X‬ﻭﻗــﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻤل ﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻤﺜـل) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻭﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﺘﻭﺠـﺩ ﺒﺎﺤﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪,‬ﻜﻭﺭﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺴـﻴﻙ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨـﺩ( ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴـﺯ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ـﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ـﺔ ﻭﻴﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـ‬ ‫ـﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺨﺼـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـﺔ ﻭﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴـﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ) ‪ (A.C‬ﻓﻴﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌــﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠــﺔ ﻤﺜــل ) ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼــﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤـل ﺒﺸـﺤﻨﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ ‪ (....‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻌـﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺤـﺔ ﻓﻀـﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﺠﺫﺒﺎ ﻟﻼﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻋــﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘــﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴــﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫] ‪[4‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﺴﻬل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘـﺯﺍﺯ ﺃﺫ ﺘﻌﺘﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺘﺼــل ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺘــﻪ ﺍﻟــﻰ ‪ %99‬ﻤــﻥ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﺘﻡ ﺍﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯﻫـ‬ ‫ـﻲ ﻴـ‬‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـ‬‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـ‬‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘـﺯﺍﺯ ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﻗﻠﻴﻠـﺔ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪. m/hr (5 -0.5‬‬
‫‪.4‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺼـﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴـﻑ ﻓﻀـﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘـﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻻﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜـﻥ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬
‫‪.5‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ‪pH‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀـﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘـﻪ ﻟﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﺍﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻀل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ ] ‪. [6‬‬
‫ـﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴــﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺸــﻜل ﻋــﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺼـﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻀل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸـﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴـل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ ‪[7 ].‬‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ]‪[15‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨــﺔ ﺒــﻴﻥ ﻤــﺎﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸــﻴﺢ ﺨــﻼل ﺍﻟﺭﻤــل ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴــﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌــﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ـﻰ‬ ‫ـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـ‬‫ـﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻲ ﻨﻴﻨـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻓـ‬‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴـ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ)‪:[5 ] (adsorption‬‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻥ)‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤل ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ(‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬
‫ـﺭ‬‫ـﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬‫ﻓـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨــﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤــﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸــﺤﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺼــل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌــﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠــﺔ ﻤــﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺨـﻼل ﻤـﺩﻯ ﻤﻌـﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ـﻔﺭ‬‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـ‬ ‫ـل ﻋـ‬ ‫ـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﻴﻘـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـ‬‫ﺩﺭﺠـ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪ /‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻻﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ‪ 75‬ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺴـﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻥ ﺩﺭﺠــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤــﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﺘﻘﻠــل‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـــﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـــﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺎﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴـﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻗــﺎﻡ ‪ [11] Michico et al‬ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺨﺼـﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤـل ﺍﺩﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـــ‬ ‫‪ ,Hukuko‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـــ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻗـل ﺒﻜﺜﻴـﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻤـﺎﻴﻤﺘﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻻﺤﺠـﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﺤﺠـﺎﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ ﻋﻀـﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻗـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ‪ NTU 1‬ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺤـﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ %90‬ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺠـﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ ﺍل ‪E-Coli‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟـﺯﺭﻨﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %95‬ﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ـل‬‫ـﻕ ﻭﻴﻤﺜـ‬ ‫ـﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴـ‬
‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﻔـﻴﺽ ﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻟﻴﻔﻭﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻡ ‪[12] Rizzo‬ﺍﻟﻔــﺎﻴﺒﺭ ﻜــﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺜﻴﻠﻴﻥ ﻜﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـ‬‫ـﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬‫ـﻼ ﻋـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻀـ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻭﺩ ﺒﻁـﻭل ‪ 72‬ﺍﻨـﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺤـﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻁﺭ ‪ 24‬ﺍﻨﺞ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻁ ﻓﻴـﻪ ‪36‬‬ ‫‪ %67‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺞ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤـﺕ ﺤﺠـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭ ﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺤـﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨل )‪ (50-30‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.%96‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻴﻌﺘﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻤــﺎ ‪[1 ] AL-Imarah‬ﻓﻘــﺩ ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻤﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـل ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ـﺘﻤﺭ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻋـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴـ‬‫ﻭﻨﻅـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻁ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻤـﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺒﻁـﻭل‬
‫ﻭﻨــﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤــﺎﺭﺓ ﺨﻼﻟــﻪ‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﺴﻡ ﻭﻗﻁﺭ ‪4.5‬ﺴﻡ ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠــﺔ ﻤــﻥ ﻤﺤﻁــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻪ ‪ %70‬ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﻤﺤﻁـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـﺔ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠــﺔ ﻤﻌﻤــل ﺍﻟﻤﺸــﺭﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻴــﺔ‬
‫ﻜﻔﺎﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺩ‬
‫ـﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻥ ﻓـ‬‫ـل ﺍﻻﻟﺒـ‬‫ﻭﻤﻌﻤـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ‪[10] Jodi‬ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﺜﺒﺘـﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻥ ‪TSS‬‬ ‫ـﺔ ‪ %92.2‬ﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ﺒﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻀـﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ %72.5‬ﻤــﻥ ﺍل‪ BOD‬ﻭ ‪ %75‬ﻤــﻥ ﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ COD‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻤـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪%100‬‬
‫ـﺕ‬ ‫ـﺎﻡ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤـ‬‫ـﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻻﺤﺠـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜـ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ %50‬ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻐﻨﻴــﺯ ﻭ‪ %55‬ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴــﺩ ﻭ‪%23‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ) ‪( 30-0.1‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻌﻤـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟـﻡ ﺘﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ‪ %3‬ﻟﻠﻨﻴﻜـل‬
‫ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﺒﻘﻁﺭ ‪ 25‬ﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ ‪ 120‬ﺴـﻡ‬ ‫ـﺭﺕ‬ ‫ـﺎ ﻭﺍﻅﻬـ‬‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـ‬‫ـﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬‫ـﻼ ﻋـ‬ ‫ﻓﻀـ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻋـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 11.7‬ﻟﺘﺭ ‪ /‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺤﺼـﻭل ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ـﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﻫــﺎ ‪Hurd‬‬ ‫ﺍﻤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﺒﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪[8] &Tabbal‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻤـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺼل ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %70‬ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺤﺼـﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻴﺤﺘـﻭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪%80‬‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻁﺭ ‪ 6‬ﺴﻡ ﻭﻁـﻭل ‪ 25‬ﺴـﻡ ﺘﻤـﺭ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ـﺩ‬
‫ـﻰ ‪ %93‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴـ‬ ‫ـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ﻭﺼـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟــﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴــﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺴــﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ %95‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼـﻠﺔ ﻟﻠـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴــﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤــﺕ ﻤــﺎﺒﻴﻥ ‪m/hr 7-2‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠــﺔ ﻤﻴــﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻬــﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜــﺔ ﺒﻤﻴــﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻜﻤــﺎ ﺍﻅﻬــﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ ﺒــﺎﻥ ﻤﺭﺸــﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻁ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘـﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻔـﻭﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﻟﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ـﻠﺕ‬‫ـﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼـ‬ ‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـ‬‫ـﺔ ‪ %85‬ﻤـ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬

‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2008‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺌﺘــﻪ ﻭﺍﻅﻬــﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴــﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ـﺭﺽ‬‫ـﻭﻱ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻟﻐـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻭﻁـﺄ ﺤﻤـل ﻋﻀـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ ﺘﺯﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻫـﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ]‪: [15‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺤﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤـﺔ ﻤﻨـﻪ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩﺭﺠــﺔ ﺍﻟﺤــﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪: Temperature‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺯﻴــﺩ ﻨﺴــﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﻟﻠﻤــﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒــﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻘـ‬
‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـ‬
‫ـﻡ ﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﺙ ﺘـ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Joe‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻅﻬـــﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـــﺔ]‪[9‬‬
‫‪&Mark‬ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴــﺔ‬
‫ـﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ) ‪( pH‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺤـﺹ ﺍﻟـﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺒﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤـــﺎﺩ ﺠﻬـــﺎﺯ ) ‪( pH-meter‬‬ ‫ﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺴـﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻀـﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻱ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪.Hanna 211‬‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺨـﺎﻟﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒـﺎﺌﻲ ) ‪E.C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻤﻨـﺔ ﻻﻴﻭﺠـﺩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫( ‪ : Electrical Conductivity‬ﻭﺘـــﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﻜﻭﻨـﻪ‬
‫ـل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻭﺀ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒــــﺎﺌﻲ ‪Conductivity Meter‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪.‬ﻨﻭﻉ ‪Glassco ,India‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺨﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﺸﻜﺎل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟـﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﻁﻭﺍﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺩ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻓﺤـــﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠـــﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـــﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺘﺨﻔـﻴﺽ ‪%96‬‬
‫ﻟﻼﻭﻜﺴــــﺠﻴﻥ ‪Chemical : COD‬‬
‫ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴــﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀــﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ Oxygen Demand‬ﻭﺘﻤــﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺔ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴـﺎ ﺍل ‪E-‬‬ ‫ﻭﺤـﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ %99.99‬ﻤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ‪Closed‬‬
‫ـﺒﺔ‬‫ـﺎﻩ ﺒﻨﺴـ‬‫ـﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴـ‬‫ـل ﺍﻟﻌﻜـ‬ ‫‪ coli‬ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴـ‬
‫‪ .Reflux Titrimetric Method‬ﻨــﻭﻉ‬
‫‪ %95‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺨـﺭﻯ‬
‫‪.D672 Hach‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻅﻬـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺘﺨﻔـﻴﺽ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺒـﺎﻻﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ـﺕ‬‫ـﺎﻴﺭﺓ ‪ : MLVSS‬ﻭﺘﻤـ‬ ‫‪ MLSS‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻴـﺯﺍﻥ ﺤﺴـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪:‬‬
‫‪. Electronic‬‬ ‫‪Balance‬‬ ‫‪Meter‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻤﺭﺸـﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒـﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬‫ـل ﻭﺍﻟﺴـ‬ ‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻭﻥ ﻤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻴﺘﻜـ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ 600‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـل ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻓﺤــﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ‪Phosphate‬‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻴﺤﺘـﻭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ‬
‫‪ : Test‬ﻭﺘــﻡ ﺍﺠــﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺤــﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـل ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴــــــــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬــــــــﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤــل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴــﺔ ‪.‬ﺍﺫ ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻫــﺫﻩ‬
‫‪Ultra‬‬ ‫‪Violet‬‬ ‫‪Spectra‬‬
‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻓـ‬‫ـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻁ ﻟﻜﻔﺎﺌﺘﻬـ‬‫ﺍﻻﻭﺴـ‬
‫‪Photometer Screening Method‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺩﻴﺭﻭﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴــﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻌـﻡ‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻓﺤــﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺘــﺭﺍﺕ ‪Nitrate Test :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺤﺔ ] ‪. [3‬‬
‫ـﺎﺯ ‪Ultra Violet‬‬ ‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬــ‬ ‫‪:‬ﺒﺎﺴــ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒـﺔ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫‪Spectra Photometer Screening‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫‪ Method‬ﻭﺇﻀـــــﺎﻓﺔ ﺤـــــﺎﻤﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺨﻭﺫﻩ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ ﺸـﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﺤـﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴـﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪ 20‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺨﻼل ﺸـﻬﺭﻱ ﺸـﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﻨﻴﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬

‫ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ ﻭﻜـل ﻭﺴـﻁ‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴـﺤﻴﺢ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻤﻙ ‪ 25‬ﺴـﻡ‪.‬ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻤـﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ‪EDTA‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻜـل ﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺒﻤﻌـﺩل‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﻓﺤـــﺹ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـــﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـــﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺴـﺭﻋﺘﻲ ﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ‪ m/hr 5‬ﻭ‪. m/hr 10‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴــﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴــﺤﻴﺢ ﻤــﻊ ‪EDTA‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ـﻴﺢ‬‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸـ‬
‫ـﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ‬ ‫ـﻡ ﺒﻌـ‬‫ـﻰ]‪ [5‬ﻭﺘـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ ‪Cd ,pb, Cu,‬‬
‫ـل ‪backwashing‬‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺴـ‬‫ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ‬ ‫‪ Zn‬ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﺫﺭﻱ ‪Atomic‬‬
‫ـﺢ‬‫ـل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺨـ‬‫ـﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـ‬
‫ـﻙ ﺒﺘﺴـ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟـ‬ ‫‪ Absorption‬ﻨــﻭﻉ ‪Varian ,A-A‬‬
‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 8.18‬ﻡ ‪ /‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺨـﻼل ‪ 6‬ﺩﻗـﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫‪ 240FS‬ﺍﺠﺭﻴـﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻓﻀل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺴـل‬ ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺍﺠـ‬‫ـﺔ ﺒﻌـ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ]‪ [13‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸــﻴﺢ ﺒــﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸــﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻀــﻡ‬
‫) ‪: (1‬‬ ‫ـﻙ‬‫ـﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺫﺝ ‪ ,‬ﺒﺎﺴـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤـ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ـﻭﺍﺩ‬‫ـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺘـ‬
‫ـﻙ ﻻﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﺯ‪ ,‬ﻭﺫﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒـل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴـﺔ ﺘﻤﻴـل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟـﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ( ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ‬ ‫ـﺩ‬‫ـﺫﺭﻱ ) ‪ ( Atomic absorption‬ﺒﻌـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤــﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼــﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴـل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل ﻋﻨﺼـﺭ ﻭﺍﻴﺠـﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻭ ﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﻘـﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺌﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ )ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ( ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺍﺨـﺫﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺫ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ ﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﻜـل ﻋﻴﻨـﺔ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫‪ 20‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﺘـﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ ‫ـﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺹ ﻭﺘـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺤـ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟـﺩﺍﺨل ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺩﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺸـﻴﺢ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ ﻟﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺩل ﺍﻟﻘـ‬‫ـﺫ ﻤﻌـ‬‫ـﻡ ﺍﺨـ‬‫ـﻴﺢ ﺘـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒـﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻁ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜــﺔ ﻤﺭﺸــﺤﺎﺕ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴــﺔ ﺍﺴــﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ـل(‬‫ـﻁ – ﺭﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺢ )ﻜـ‬‫ﺍﻥ ﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺒﻘﻁـﺭ )‪ (5.5‬ﺴـﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ )‪1‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﺭﺸـﺢ)ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ –‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺴـﻁ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻤل( ﺍﺫ ﻟـﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤل ﺒﺎﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ )‪ (25‬ﺴـﻡ ﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﻟل ‪ S.S‬ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ) ‪ (0.5-0.45‬ﻤﻠـﻡ ﻭﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪%85‬‬ ‫ـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻰ ‪ %92‬ﻓـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴـﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﻁ ﺒﺎﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (25‬ﺴــﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤــﺕ ﺤﺠــﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟــل ‪ T.S‬ﺍﻟــﻰ ‪ %83‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ) ‪ (0.12 – 0.02‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫‪ %80‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ‪.‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨــﺕ ﻜﻔــﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـل ﺒﺴـﻤﻙ‬
‫ـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ـﻭﺭﺓ ‪ %71‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻜـ‬‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫)‪ (25‬ﺴﻡ ﻭﻭﺴﻁ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﺒـﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ %54‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪.‬ﻭﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴــﻤﻙ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤــﺕ ﺤﺠــﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒــﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ COD‬ﻜﺎﻨـــﺕ ‪ %58‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻤــﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (0.4-0.3‬ﻤﻠــﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ %43‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻟـﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ ﻓﻴﺤﺘـﻭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜـﻼﺙ‬
‫ـﻠﺕ‬‫ـﺔ ﺤﺼـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﻡ‬‫ـل ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﺜـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘـ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %73‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬

‫ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺴــﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪ /‬ﺴــﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻜــل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %55‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨــﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼــﺎﺕ ‪.‬ﻜﻤــﺎ ﻤﻭﻀــﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸــﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ ‪ %55‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل‬
‫)‪2‬ﻭ‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ %52‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌـ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـ‬ ‫ـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤـ‬‫ـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـ‬
‫ﺍﻤـ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %43‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻗـل ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %38‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ‪.‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤــﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟـﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤـﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـﻴﻥ ‪%60‬‬
‫ـﺢ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻠﺕ ﻓـ‬‫ـﺔ ﺤﺼـ‬ ‫ـﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ـﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـ‬‫ـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪ %40‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل)ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ – ﺭﻤـل( ﻟـل ‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪.‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ـﺕ ‪80‬‬ ‫ـﺎ ﻜﺎﻨـ‬
‫ـﻰ ‪ %87‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺼـ‬ ‫‪ %46‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %26‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ‬
‫‪%‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ) ﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ –ﺭﻤـل(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻭﺤﻅ ﺤﺼـﻭل ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺠﻴـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺴـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ‪ %65‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %74‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪%63‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪ %58‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺒﻠﻐـﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﺼـﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟــﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴــﻴﻭﻡ ‪ %44‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل‬
‫ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %72‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ %22‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %68‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤــﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻀل ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴـﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪%50‬‬
‫ـﻰ‬‫ـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﺍل ‪COD‬ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﻠﺕ ﻜﻔـ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـ‬
‫ـﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ـﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـ‬‫ـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪ %46‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬
‫‪ %40‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %32‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋـﺎﻡ ﺍﻥ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـ‬
‫ـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـ‬
‫ـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜـ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪ %58‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %43‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪ /‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺕ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
‫ـﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ‪ %29‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻠﻨﺤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜـ‬ ‫ـﺒﺔ‬
‫ـﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺭ‪/‬ﺴـ‬‫ـﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻟﺘـ‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺴـ‬‫ﻋﻨـ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀﺕ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪%27‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺤﻴﻥ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل )‪2‬ﻭ ‪. (3‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻜـﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺕ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬ ‫ـﺎﻁ‬‫ـﺢ ﺜﻼﺜـﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـ‬ ‫ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬
‫ـﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺼــﻠﺕ ‪ %30‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪%22‬‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ ..‬ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺤﺼـﻭل ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟل ‪ S.S‬ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %95‬ﻭ ﻟـل‬
‫ﺠﻴــﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﺴــﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴــﺔ ﻭﺼــﻠﺕ ‪%55‬‬ ‫‪% 90 T.S‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﺼـﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ‪ %50‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍل‬‫ـﺒﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـ‬
‫ـﺕ ﻨﺴـ‬ ‫ـﻰ ‪ . %88‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـﻴﻭﻡ ‪ %58‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬ ‫‪ COD‬ﺍﻟــﻰ ‪ %73‬ﻭ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ‪%70‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %47‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨــﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ ‪ . %60‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻟـﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻓﻀل ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴـﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺤﺼـﻠﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫‪ %68‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭ ‪ %66‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸــﺢ‬ ‫‪ %87.5‬ﻭﻟﻠﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل ) ‪5‬‬ ‫‪ %77‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤــﺎ ﻜﺎﻨــﺕ ‪ %55‬ﻟﻠﻜــﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭ ‪.(4‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ %60‬ﻟﻠﻨﺤﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺤـﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ـﺎﻁ‬‫ـﺢ ﺜﻼﺜـﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـ‬ ‫ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـ‬
‫ﻋﺴﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %75‬ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺤﺼـﻠﺕ ﻟـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـــﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺼـــﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـــﻰ ‪%55‬‬
‫‪S.S‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨــﺕ ‪ %92‬ﻭﻟــل ‪ T.S‬ﻜﺎﻨــﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴــﻴﻭﻡ ‪ %62‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨــﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟــﺔ‬
‫‪%88‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴـــﻔﺎﺕ ‪ %75‬ﻭ‪ %60‬ﻟﻠﻨﺘـــﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟــﻰ ‪ %73‬ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌــﺕ ﻨﺴــﺒﺔ ﺍﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﺍل‬
‫ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤــﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ COD‬ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ . %58‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺨﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﺫ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺜﺒــﺕ ﻤﺭﺸــﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜــﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴــﻁ‬ ‫ـﺕ ‪%65‬‬ ‫ـﻰ ‪ %73‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨــ‬ ‫ﻭﺼــﻠﺕ ﺍﻟــ‬
‫)ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ –ﺴـﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‪-‬ﺭﻤـل( ﺍﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻨﻤــ‬‫ـﻴﻥ ﻭ ‪ %64‬ﻟﻠﻨﺤــ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺭﺼــ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﺜﺭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـﺎﺕ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـ‬
‫ـﻰ ‪ %40‬ﻟﻠﻜـ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺕ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﺴﺭﺓ ﺠﻴـﺩﺓ ﻭﺼـﻠﺕ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ %60‬ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤـﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫‪ %68‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ‪ %72‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴـــﻔﺎﺕ ‪ %58‬ﻭ ‪ %60‬ﻟﻠﻨﺘـــﺭﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻜـل ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼـﺎﺕ ﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪ /‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل )‪.(5 – 3‬‬
‫ـﺭﻋﺔ ‪10‬‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺴـ‬‫ـﺔ ﻋﻨـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﻜﻔـ‬ ‫ﻋـ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﺒـﺎﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺘـﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴـﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍل ‪ pH‬ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻬـﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴــﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺘــﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ﻀــﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﻜـﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﺒــﺎﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﻤﺎﻋــﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻜــﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺠــﺎﻭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺴـﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺡ ﺍﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺴـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼــﺎﺹ ﻓﻘــﺩ ﺘﺠــﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴــﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍل ‪ COD‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﻤﻭﺤﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻤــﺎ ﻜﺎﻨــﺕ ﻀــﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟــﺙ )ﺭﻤــل –ﺴــﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ –ﻜــﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ COD‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤـﻨﺨﻔﺽ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻁ( ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ‪ 5‬ﻭ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪ /‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻲ ﻟـﻭﺤﻅ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺢ ﺜﻼﺜـ‬ ‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺍﺴـ‬‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ـﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠـﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻀـ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻟـﻡ‬
‫ـﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﻤﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ـﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﻰ ﺍﻟﺤـ‬‫ـﺎ ﺍﻟـ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬـ‬ ‫ﺘﻜــﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴــﺯ ﺍﻟﻜــﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺼــﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻤﺎﻋـﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺡ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﺨـﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴـﻤﻙ ﺍﻜﺒـﺭ ﻟﻼﻭﺴـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ـﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ـﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻔـ‬‫ـﺎﺕ ﻟﺯﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌــﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠــﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼــﺔ‬ ‫)ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ – ﺭﻤل ( ﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺸﺢ )ﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸـﻁ – ﺭﻤـل( ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟــﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘــﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀــﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ‬ 2010،13‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬، 28‫ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
[8] Hurd, R & Tabbal ,G, " Use ‫ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬.2
water treatment technology ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤـ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـ‬
Investigation in Nepal", Master . ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻤل ﻋﻀﻭﻱ ﻭﺴﻤﻭﻤﻲ‬
of engineering program, ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
Massachusetts Avenue, [1] AL- Imarah, F.J & Sahil, M.K
Cambridge, MA, 02139 , 1-143 "Pollutions in the effect of Dairy
,2003 and " Pollutants in the effluents
[9] Joe,B &Mark,S " Use of of Dairy and soft drinks
Ceramic water filter in Industries in Basra city: ther
Cambodia" household drinking effect upon water of Shatt al-
water quality ,WSP No. 11,Vol Arab by column filled with sand
22, 326- 340,Aug,2007 and charcoal", Scientific
[10] E.B&Bruce,D&Sharon,S" research, SRO 4, Basra-Iraq,
Contamination removed from 2006.
water by activated carbon filter " [2] Al-Rawi, S.M "turbidity
Nepasko University, J.Water removal of drinking water by
resources managments" dual media filtration" thesis
October,2003. submitted to civil engineering
[11] Michico,S &Kenje,Y& Dep, Feb, 1987.
Kazohito,W "Heavy metal [3] Caldorn,R.L &Moo,E.W"
removal from pharmaceutical Activated carbon Filtration
pharmacy of hokuriku",china, Equipment", North dakoa
Hokkaido university, , J. (Waste University,U.S ,701-788, 1992
treatment and resources )vol 26, [4] Chian, S. L "appropriate
no 16, 2002. microbial indicator test for
[12] Rizzo,J.L "Adsorption drinking water in developing
/Filtration Anew unit process for countries and assessment for
the treatment of industrial ceramic water filter" thesis
wastewaters " J. WWT, no 107, submitted to Environmental
vol 67, 1972 Engineering department, Nepal,
[13] Roy,F. ,Weston et " Use of May 2002.
Sanf Filter- Activated carbon [5] David, O. Cooney "Adsorption
system for refinery wastewater design for wastewater treatment"
treatment " processing of 6 th London, New york, 1998.
Industrial waste conference ,p1 [6] Environmental protection
,541-552, 1971 agency, "Physical removal of
[14] Speech, V& Gainho, A" giasyts & cryoocysyts in
Powder Activated carbon in an drinking water", US, June, 2001.
Activated Sludge treatment Plant [7] Houshold water supplies
"Water Res, 18(2): 133- "pollutions presentation and
137(1984). wastewater technologies "section
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Examination of Water and waste 2001
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‫)‪Water (APHA, AWWA, WPCF‬‬

‫‪16th ed., Am. Public Healthy‬‬
‫‪Assoc. Washington D.C. (1985).‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬

‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫‪2.23‬‬ ‫‪2.7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬
‫‪1.33‬‬ ‫‪3.09‬‬ ‫‪1.76‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬
‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل )ﻤﻠﻡ(‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ‪%‬‬
‫‪0.0176‬‬ ‫‪0.0162‬‬ ‫‪0.0195‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ )ﻡ(‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪5.93 – 6.75‬‬
‫‪E.C µmhos/cm‬‬ ‫‪727-1625‬‬
‫)‪Tur (NTU‬‬ ‫‪80- 95‬‬
‫)‪COD (mg/l‬‬ ‫‪432-1536‬‬
‫)‪T.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1160-1750‬‬
‫)‪S.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪375 -504‬‬
‫)‪PO4(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪5.2 -8.6‬‬
‫)‪NO3(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.15 -2.98‬‬
‫)‪T.H(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪270-400‬‬
‫‪++‬‬
‫)‪Ca (mg/l‬‬ ‫‪72.2-136.4‬‬
‫‪++‬‬
‫)‪Mg (mg/l‬‬ ‫‪8.96-13.4‬‬
‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.089 -0.11‬‬
‫)‪Cd(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.04 -0.086‬‬
‫)‪Pb(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.122 -0.33‬‬
‫)‪Zn(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.77 -1.2‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل)‪(3‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Test‬‬ ‫‪Blank‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(1‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(2‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(3‬‬
‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪5.93‬‬ ‫‪7.86‬‬ ‫‪7.23‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬
‫‪E.Cµmhos/cm‬‬ ‫‪727‬‬ ‫‪686‬‬ ‫‪837‬‬ ‫‪410‬‬
‫‪Temp‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫)‪Tur(NTU‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫)‪COD(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪432‬‬ ‫‪217‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪116.6‬‬
‫)‪T.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1160‬‬ ‫‪542‬‬ ‫‪580‬‬ ‫‪458‬‬
‫)‪S.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫)‪PO4(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬
‫)‪NO3(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪2.89‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬
‫)‪T.H(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫)‪Ca++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪72.2‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫)‪Mg++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪8.96‬‬ ‫‪4.48‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬ ‫‪3.48‬‬
‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.089‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.042‬‬ ‫‪0.036‬‬
‫)‪Cd(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.086‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.056‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬
‫)‪pb(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.122‬‬ ‫‪0.0319‬‬ ‫‪0.0559‬‬ ‫‪0.028‬‬
‫)‪Zn(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.77‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪0.096‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (4‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Test‬‬ ‫‪Blank‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(1‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(2‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(3‬‬
‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪5.93‬‬ ‫‪7.54‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬
‫‪E.Cµmhos/cm‬‬ ‫‪727‬‬ ‫‪715‬‬ ‫‪830‬‬ ‫‪690‬‬
‫‪Temp‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫)‪Tur(NTU‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫)‪COD(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪432‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬ ‫‪316‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬
‫)‪T.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1160‬‬ ‫‪685‬‬ ‫‪710‬‬ ‫‪520‬‬
‫)‪S.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪225‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫)‪PO4(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬ ‫‪2.8‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪1.19‬‬
‫)‪NO3(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪2.89‬‬ ‫‪0.41‬‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪0.29‬‬
‫)‪T.H(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫)‪Ca++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪72.2‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬
‫‪++‬‬
‫)‪Mg (mg/l‬‬ ‫‪8.96‬‬ ‫‪4.98‬‬ ‫‪4.88‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬
‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.089‬‬ ‫‪0.048‬‬ ‫‪0.048‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬
‫)‪Cd(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.086‬‬ ‫‪0.053‬‬ ‫‪0.062‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫)‪pb(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.122‬‬ ‫‪0.038‬‬ ‫‪0.0589‬‬ ‫‪0.053‬‬
‫)‪Zn(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.77‬‬ ‫‪0.45‬‬ ‫‪0.49‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (5‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Test‬‬ ‫‪Blank‬‬ ‫‪Filter‬‬ ‫‪Filter(2‬‬ ‫‪Filter‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪6.75‬‬ ‫‪7.11‬‬ ‫‪7.41‬‬ ‫‪7.6‬‬
‫‪E.Cµmhos/c‬‬ ‫‪1625‬‬ ‫‪635‬‬ ‫‪810‬‬ ‫‪590‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪Temp‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪Tur(NTU‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫)‪COD(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1536‬‬ ‫‪921.6‬‬ ‫‪1065‬‬ ‫‪656‬‬
‫)‪T.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1750‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬ ‫‪690‬‬
‫)‪S.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪16.3‬‬
‫)‪PO4(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫‪3.4‬‬ ‫‪2.8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪NO3(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.081‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬
‫)‪T.H(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫)‪Ca++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪136.2‬‬ ‫‪72.14‬‬ ‫‪93.25‬‬ ‫‪67.6‬‬
‫)‪Mg++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪13.4‬‬ ‫‪4.21‬‬ ‫‪4.48‬‬ ‫‪1.34‬‬
‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.078‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬
‫)‪Cd(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.046‬‬ ‫‪0.036‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.028‬‬
‫)‪pb(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.133‬‬ ‫‪0.087‬‬ ‫‪0.085‬‬ ‫‪0.033‬‬
‫)‪Zn(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.13‬‬ ‫‪1.17‬‬ ‫‪0.42‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (6‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Test‬‬ ‫‪Blan‬‬ ‫‪Filter(1‬‬ ‫‪Filter(2‬‬ ‫‪Filter(3‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‬
‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪6.75‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪7.16‬‬
‫‪E.Cµmhos/c‬‬ ‫‪1625‬‬ ‫‪730‬‬ ‫‪860‬‬ ‫‪652‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪Temp‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪Tur(NTU‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫)‪COD(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1536‬‬ ‫‪1090‬‬ ‫‪1108‬‬ ‫‪830‬‬
‫)‪T.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1750‬‬ ‫‪750‬‬ ‫‪760‬‬ ‫‪780‬‬
‫)‪S.S(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬
‫)‪PO4(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫‪9.8‬‬ ‫‪6.3‬‬
‫)‪NO3(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.132‬‬ ‫‪0.096‬‬
‫)‪T.H(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫)‪Ca++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪136.2‬‬ ‫‪98.6‬‬ ‫‪102.1‬‬ ‫‪78.8‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫)‪Mg++(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪13.4‬‬ ‫‪5.37‬‬ ‫‪8.96‬‬ ‫‪4.48‬‬

‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.086‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.089‬‬

‫)‪Cd(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.046‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.043‬‬ ‫‪0.03‬‬
‫)‪pb(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.133‬‬ ‫‪0.096‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.046‬‬
‫)‪Zn(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.17‬‬ ‫‪1.12‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (7‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻥ ﻻﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺍﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪ (417‬ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪2000‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺼﻰ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻤﻠﻐﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬
‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪Cd‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ‬
‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪Zn‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪Ca‬‬ ‫‪++‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪++‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪Ca.H‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪BOD‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬
‫‪8.5-7‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫)‪Filter(1‬‬
‫)‪Filter(2‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫)‪Filter (3‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪%Removal‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Tur‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫‪T.S‬‬ ‫‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬ ‫‪T.H‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪%Removal‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Tur‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫‪T.S‬‬ ‫‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (3‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬
‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (4‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (5‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪، 28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،13‬‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﻴﻨﻭﻯ‬

‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﻭﻱ* ﺯﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻲ* ﻭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ*‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺤﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮫ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

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‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﺴﻬل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

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‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2008‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺌﺘــﻪ ﻭﺍﻅﻬــﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴــﺎﺩﺓ‬

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‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺫ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ %73‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺸـﺢ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤــﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ COD‬ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ . %58‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ‬

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‫)‪Water (APHA, AWWA, WPCF‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ‬

‫ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺸﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬

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‫)‪Cu(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.086‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.089‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺼﻰ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬

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‫‪Tur‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫‪T.S‬‬ ‫‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬ ‫‪T.H‬‬

‫‪Tur‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫‪T.S‬‬ ‫‪S.S‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (4‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ‬

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‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (5‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬

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