1.

SCOPE OF WORK : -
Plumbing & Sanitation:
 Design of water supply system.
 Design of sewer networks.
 Design of storm water drainage and integration with rain
water harvesting.
 Design of internal water supply and sanitary piping
systems.
 Design of rain water drainage from the buildings.
 Designing of sewerage treatment plant / Septic Tank
 Designing of Rain water harvesting Pits

2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
The number of occupants per flat is considered as follows:
Residential Towers Per Head 150 -200 liters per day
Cafeteria 35 liters per head
In new NBC 2016 volume -2 OPD per Person 15.00 Liters per day
(NBC -2016 Volume -2) Table no-1
As per NBC -2016 Part -9 Clause no 4.1.1
Clause no 4.1.5.2 NBC -2016 Volume -2 The water demand for
landscaping purposes is generally taken as 6 to 8 litre/sqm/day for
lawns . For shrubs and tress the above value reduced considerably.

3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
WATER REQUIREMENT:-

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The Gated Community campus are proposed to be supplied water
with Site bore holes for. Emergency , The domestic and drinking
water are supplied by HMDA / MICHINE BHAGHIRADHA
(schemes .The bore water collect and take labourateriey reports
before pumping to the underground sumps . Initially we have been
proposed for Domestic & Drinking water depending on Municipal
Department. In this campus we have proposed four sumps with
Positive suction, The bore water is pumping to underground sumps,
The Municipal water pipe line is connecting to UG sumps. The
Municipal water residual head is assumed 12.00 m accordingly we
have designed sumps depths. In this campus the water supply
system is designed dead -end system .The dead end system with
pumping main. The A-1, A-2 Towers catered Fire, domestic sump
with positive suction.. In this campus we have proposed Toilet
flushing for use only STP treated water (based on Environmental and
Pollution board guide lines) The STP treated excess water will be
pumping into gardening, balance water will pumping in to outside
drain . The A1 , A2 Towers of sewerage treatment plants with the
capacities of 150 KLD .The STP treated water sump designed for 12
hours retention time. The Domestic sump pump rooms inside we
have proposed WTP (Water treatment plant) .

WATER SOURCE:-
Domestic water:
Water supplied by the local municipal corporation/ HMDA is the only
source of water for the site

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For potable usage, The Emergency time back up by using bore
points. The design of tapping water from the municipal corporation
water mains is based on the following assumptions:
Duration of water supply in the mains = 10 hours per day. (Maximum)
Residual head in the pipe line = 12m. (Assumption)
The major assumption is that the water will be supplied to the campus
through the distribution mains laid by the municipal corporation,
HMDA Water supply which will feed the other developments in the
area along with the project. The supply pressure is considered as
12m in the pipe line which will overcome entire Project. The sump top
slab level is designed +600 mm above Ground level/adjacent road
level.the differences in the site ground levels. Hence it is proposed to
receive the water in a Sump.Storage sumps are designed for 11/2
day requirement of the campus.

Terrace water tanks

Terrace water tanks we have designed one day requirement for
Hospital, 1/2 day requirement for Each Tower . Each block Separate
terrace water tanks we have proposed. The static head of water tank
is minimum 2.00 m from terrace level.

4. WATER STORAGE:
Domestic water and Drinking water:
Water received from the municipal corporation /Site bores/ is
proposed to be collect in a Sump of 200Cu.m (Domestic Sump )

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Each tower 75 cum Fire static Sump . This is equivalent to 1.00
day water requirement of the project the water stored in the sumps.

Piping materials:
It is proposed to use GI C- Class pipe For Hydro- Pneumatic ,
SCH-40 Grade for Gravity system and fittings for drawing water from
the local municipal water mains to the water storage sump The
network pipe line is designed for the dead end system distribution of
both domestic , Flush water and drinking water. Scour valves are
provided at the end point of each distribution line. The distribution line
is designed for filling individual Terrace tanks. At Ball cocks with
standing pressure up to 6.00 kg/cm2/ /Electrical motorized valves are
designed for each terrace level water tank.

5. INTERNAL SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM:

Source : From Toilets & Kitchens
Collection : Through the network of pipe line and to the I C's& MH.
Sewage disposal: Sewage Treatment.
The internal sanitary piping is designed for efficient drainage, each
toilet is provided with a water closet and a floor drain to drain off the
spent water. The wash basins are proposed with a flexible waste pipe
in smaller units and a bottle trap in bigger units. The waste pipe
concealed in the wall connects to the floor trap’s side inlet. The floor
trap is a 100mm deep seal trap which will provide a good water seal
and all the internal horizontal pipes are proposed with a 1:100 slope

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with all joints made using solvent cement to ensure there are no
leaks.
The soil and waste pipes separate from the toilets connect to a two
stack, the system known as two pipe system. The sanitary stack
system is designed based on the drainage fixture units as per NBC
2016. The vertical sanitary pipes are proposed to be of different
pressure grades based on the height of the building as given below. .
In this campus we have designed Siphons system for Towers.
6. External sewage :
The sanitary piping from the building’s plumbing shafts is terminated
either directly or be headers into the external sewer network. The
external sewer network is designed as a gravity sewer main to
convey the sewage from the various buildings to the STP. The design
of the sewer is based on the guidelines of the CPHEEO manual on
sewerage and treatment.
The assumptions in the design of the sewers are;
 The peak flow being equal to three times the dry weather flow.
 Considering the site comprising of different types of buildings
with possibility of expansion or abnormal increase in population
possible, the sewers are designed to flow ½ to 2/3 rd full to
maximize the carrying capacity and optimize investment.
The sewer is designed to carry sewage at the same time generate
self cleansing velocity. The initial depth of sewer is maintained as
0.60m below the ground level to provide a minimum earth cushion of
300mm above the crown of the pipe so as to eliminate the
requirement of encasing sewer pipes. The bedding conditions of the
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sewer are assumed to be with the hard murrum. If disintegrated /
hard rock is encountered a bedding with murrum shall be provided for
sewers. The starting manholes are connecting to flush tanks to
maintain self cleansing capacity.The sewer network is proposed with
manholes at junctions, intersections, and change in direction, change
in pipe size and change in levels. A drop arrangement with PVC
pipes is proposed when the invert level difference exceeds 600mm.
The construction of the manhole is proposed as per IS: 4111 with the
channel extending 50mm above the crown of the biggest pipe. The
level of the sewer is computed to allow a provision of 20mm slope in
the channel from the inlet to the outlet and also to allow for the
crowns of the pipes to be matched at the junction of different pipe
sizes in a manhole.

900mm to 1650mm depth – 900mm dia.

1650mm to 2300mm depth – 1200mm dia.
2300mm to 4000mm depth – 1500mm dia.
The manholes shall be circular at bottom and the top 0.75 to 1.2m
shall be conical with the wall thickness varying with the depth of the
manhole.

Design Period

The proposals have been prepared conforming to the guide lines is-
sued by GOI and GOT including CPHEEO manual on Sewerage and
treatment.

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Peak Factor

Peak factor, i.e. the ratio of maximum to average hourly flow depends
on the water use habit of the population of the project area and the
contributing population. The quantity of water used in a day varies
during the hours of the day due to habits of people.
Though the sewerage system will receive flow throughout the day,
there will be some duration in which maximum sewage will be
generated. Peak factors for domestic flow as per guidelines given in
the CPHEEO Manual are furnished below:
Contributing Population Peak Factor

Up to 20,000 3.00

From 20,000 to 50,000 2.50

50,000 – 750,000 2.25

Above 750,000 2.0

The peak factor for the design has been taken based on the
contributory population.

Groundwater Infiltration

Estimation of the flow in sanitary sewer includes flows due to

infiltration of water through the joints of pipes and through manholes.
The quantity is contingent on the workmanship in laying of sewers
and the depth of ground water table in the area. Sewers are designed
for the peak discharges and provision for ground water infiltration is to
be made for worst condition and conservative design. With better
Standards of workmanship and availability of watertight joints for
pipes, these values may be kept at minimum.
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During most periods in the year, no ground water infiltration is
expected due to the absence of rains. Furthermore, due to the use of
better pipe materials and construction techniques, the infiltration will
be minimal. Provision for infiltration shall be made in the designs of
sewer network in the scheme as per recommendations of CPHEEO
manual, which are as under.

Infiltration Details

Quantity Minimum Maximum

Litres/ha/day 5,000 50,000
Litres/kmof 500 5,000
sewer/day
Litres/day/manhole 250 500

With improved construction practices, the rate of infiltration will tend

to be on the minimum, rather than maximum, hence the minimum

values shall be adopted based on the length of sewer line.

An infiltration rate of 3% has been adopted in the design

Hydraulic Design Gravity Flow

For open channel flow, Manning’s formula is used for designing slope
and diameter of the sewer line to carry the design flow at stated
velocity, which is expressed as:

Manning’s formula:
V = 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2

For circular conduits, the above equation is represented by,

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 V = 1/n x 3.968 x 10-3 x D2/3 x S1/2

And

Q = 3.118 x 10-6 x D8/3 x 1/n x S1/2

Where,

Q = Discharge in lps

S = Slope of hydraulic gradient

D = Internal diameter of the pipe in mm

R = Hydraulic radius in m

V = Velocity in m/s

n = Manning’s coefficient of roughness

The value of Manning’s co-efficient (’n’ value) for PVC / HDPE pipe is
0.011, for DI pipe (cement mortar lined) is 0.012 and that for RCC
pipe is 0.015 (for rubber gasket jointed pipes).Give correct ‘n’
values for the three materials.

Pressure Flow
Hazen-Williams Formula is used for closed conduits and pressure
flow (e.g. pumping main).
The hydraulic designs have been done as per the Central Public
Health and Environmental Engineering Organization guidelines on
Hydraulic analysis has been carried out with an aim of achieving
adequate capacity for the peak flow to be achieved at the end of
design period with due consideration being given to slopes so as to

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avoid deeper excavations. A demonstrative example of analysis has
been given below.

Considering hydraulic properties of Circular sections

Ratios of Va/Vfull and d/D for the corresponding value of Qa/Qfullare [from Table
3.6, P 52, CPHEEO Manual]
Qa/Qfull VA/Vfull d/D

0.713 0.95 0.70

Actual Velocity of flow, Va =

Material Specification:
The sewer is made of Stone Ware Pipes / NP-3 Hume Pipes / UPVC
Pipes / Stone ware pipes of all diameters except stone ware pipes.
The stone ware pipes available diameters up to 300 mm diameters.
The Disadvantages of stone ware pipes more joints are required. The
manhole shall be built in brick masonry with SFRC heavy duty
circular frame and cover of 550mm dia.

DESIGN FOR Circular Precast Concrete Manholes

Circular precast concrete manhole sections are versatile in the
construction of buried structures; they may be used as catch basins
for storm water drainage, manholes providing access to buried
pipelines, junction chambers at the Intersection of sewers lines, and
for constructing reservoirs or wet wells for pump stations. The use of
precast concrete manhole structures will reduce construction time
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and labor costs, when compared to cast-in-place or masonry
structures. The typical precast concrete manhole structure consists
of; grade or adjusting rings, a cone or flat slab cover, riser sections, a
base section, and frequently a base foundation slab. In other
variations of manholes, riser sections are stacked on top of precast
tee sections in the pipeline, or on a cover slab of a buried vault or
junction chamber. The riser sections are usually 48 inches in
diameter. In most precast manhole structures, the riser sections are
topped with either an eccentric or concentric cone. Within the length
of a cone section, the diameter of the manhole is reduced from the
size of the manhole riser to the diameter of a cast-iron manhole cover
and frame. Special shallow cone sections, or flat cover slabs, are
used for very shallow manholes. Large diameter manholes are
covered with structural flat slab covers designed to resist the applied
dead and live loads. The base section generally has openings
through which water or sewer pipes are installed. Base sections may
be manufactured with an integral floor, which functions as a
foundation, or be placed on a precast or cast-in-place foundation
slab. Precast concrete tee pipeline sections serve the same function
as a base section. The manhole structure may be furnished with
attached steps or ladders.

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Drop Manholes

Drop arrangements are normally provided where the difference in

inverts of an incoming sewer and receiving manhole exceeds 0.6 m.
The crowns of the sewers are always kept continuous and suitable
drop at the manhole is provided. The drop arrangement consists of a
pipe that guides the incoming sewage to the level of main sewer in
the manhole. The diameter of the backdrop pipe should be at least
same as the incoming pipe diameter. Drop arrangements provided in
manhole have the following functions:

 To convey incoming sewage to the bottom of the manhole without

splashing,

 To avoid the scouring action of sewage falling from a height on the

cement concrete floor of manhole,

 Safety of the personnel who enter the manhole

Storm water drainage:-

The storm water drainage system is designed to handle a storm
intensity of 110mm/hr as the site Is in a Heavy rainfall intensity zone.
The rain water drainage from the roof of the buildings is planned
using a technology called “Symphonic rain water drainage”. The
principle of symphonic rain water drainage works on the Principle of
symphonic action induced in the pipe which is flowing full drawing
water from a higher to a lower elevation. The advantage of
symphonic rain water drainage system can be appreciated by
observing the fact that the buildings have rain water down pipes and
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of 110 mm or 150mm dia SWR Type A pipes. The rain water inlets
are positioned in the gutter sump to allow a localized build up of water
to enhance the symphonic action of the rain water down pipe. The
rain water system is designed with 100% redundancy with one down
pipe on either side of the building having sufficient capacity to drain
the rain water on half of the terrace area. The rain water down pipe is
terminated into a storm water drain /saucer drain header.
The rain water is collected storm water drain , both sides the road toe
, saucer drain, Saucer drain water is collected at different intervals
connecting in to road side storm water drain .,We have designed
storm water drain to connect the percolation wells at regular intervals
, the excess water is connecting to drain . The Entire site we have
proposed two rain water collecting sumps with one hour retention
time The Rain water sump and treated, the treated rain water should
Have proposed use for car wash. Recharge wells are designed at
certain intervals, along the road. The Recharge pits, injection wells
7. Are designed based on hydrology norms, our main designed
concept to improve Ground table. Water is recharged by releasing
it into basins formed by excavation or By the construction of
containment dikes or small dams of Dimensions Varying from few
meters to several hundred meters.

Recharge Pits

The most common system consists of individual basins fed by

Pumped Water from nearby surface water sources.Silt-free water

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Avoids the problem of sealing Basins require periodic scraping of the

Bottom Surface when dry to preserve a percolation surface. Basins

During flooding. Basins, because of their general feasibility and ease

Of maintenance, are The most favored method of artificial recharge

From the surface Gradients of major feeder ditches should be

Sufficient to carry Suspended material through the system since

Deposition of fine-grained Material clogs soil surface openings

INTERNAL ROADS: -
The internal roads are designed based on IRC codes, SP-62, IRC -
20. The internal roads crust is designed based on peak traffic flow.
The internal roads are proposed Rigid Pavement. The internal roads
carriage way is proposed 7.00 m, both sides foot paths are proposed.
The carriage way camber has proposed -2.50 %, where ever super
elevation proposed +4%. The summit curve, Horizontal curves
designed based on IRC 73. The Foot paths under we have been
proposed Storm water Drain, Sewerage Network, External water
supply Network.

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