7750kL Capacity Ground Level Service Reservoir Design

REPORT ACCOMPANYING THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWING OF 7750kL CAPACITY,''GROUND
LEVEL SERVICE RESERVOIR''
1 Preamble:
The HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD Water Supply
Distribution Network Project for the Peripheral Circles of GHMC -Construction of RCC Service
Reserviors and Providing Inlet, Outlet & Distribution network in Balanagar,package- 3
The present document covers the Design Basis applicable to 7750 KL Ground Level Service
Reservoir at .
2. The Ground Level Service Reservoir (GLSR) :

2.1. General
The general arrangements of the GLSR is prepared based on the Scheme requirements.
This Design is based on the IS Codes & Standards and Construction materials.
The design is carried out with different load combinations. The minimum cover is provided as per
IS 3370-2009.
2.2. Salient features of GLSR

GLSR Capacity : 7750 KL
Type : Rectangular
Size of the GLSR Length : 60.6 m
Width : 21.6 m
Depth of water : 6.15 m
Free Board : 0.5 m
SBC : 30 T/m²
Depth of Foundation :3m
Avg.G.L. : + 576.100
2.3. Design Criteria & Specifications
Basic considerations in design of structures is its stability, serviceability, durability, safety

and over all economy satisfying to the relevant IS codes of practice & specifications. All the
elements of the structure in contact with water are designed as uncracked section.
2.4. Codes & Standards

IS 456 - 2000 -- Code of practice for plain & reinforced concrete
IS 875 - 1987 -- Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
IS 3370 - (Part I to IV) -- Code of practice for Concrete structures for storage of liquids
2.5. Material of Construction

The following materials has been proposed for the construction of the GLSR :
Grade of concrete M 30
Grade of steel Fe 500
Lean concrete M 15
2.6. Loads
2.6.1. Dead Load [DL]
The weight of all permanent construction including Slab, Beam, Walls and other components are
considered.
The unit weight of materials are in accordance with IS: 875 (1987). However following unit
weight has been considered for the design purpose.
Concrete ( RCC) : 25 kN/m³
Soil : 18 kN/m³ (bulk density)
water : 10 kN/m³
2.6.2 Live Load [LL]

Live Load is considered as per IS 875 (Part 2- 1987). The live Load on Roof Slab with access: 1.5
kN/m²
2.6.3 Water Load [WL]

Total depth of water including freeboard is considered for calculating the weight of water and
hydrostatic pressure for designing of the structure.
2.6.4 Earth quake Load (EQ)

falls in Sesmic ZONE :- II as per the IS-1893:2002, Part1, accordingly design has been checked
and the stesses are less than the permissible.
2.6.4 Wind Load

The structure is not checked for wind load as height of the structure is less than 10.0 m.
2.7 Foundation Parameters

Safe Bearing Capacity of 300 kN/m², at 3m below NGL is considered.
2.8 Design Method

~ All Structural Elements are designed by Working stress Method.
(a) Roof slab

The roof slab is supported by the walls and the roof grid beams, which are connected to
internal columns.
(b) Roof Beam :

The roof beams are resting on the wall and the inter connected to the interior columns.
(c) Exterior & Interior wall :
(i) Exterior wall : The wall is designed as a cantilever with varying thickness keeping internal face
vertical and external face in steps. The thickness of the lower part of the wall is 1.3 m middle
portion is 0.8 m and the thickness of the upper part of the wall is 0.3 m. The wall is designed for
the water pressure inside and no earth pressure out side and checked for earth pressure out side
no water inside. The wall is designed as an uncracked section.
(d) Internal columns :
Internal columns are proposed in the GLSR to support the roof slab. The columns are provided
as a grid of 3.8 x 3.6 m in the center part of the reservoir.
(e) Foundation :
i) The foundation under external wall The footing is designed for the combined loads from the
external wall as well as adjacent column. Footing is designed for no tension condition, and
checked for maximum base pressure and base shear. It is designed as an uncracked section,
accordingly reinforcement is provided.
ii) The column footing is designed as isolated footing.
(f) Access to GLSR :
a dog legged stair case is provided to have an access to the roof with landings and flights as
applicable and access is also provided into the Reservoir by providing a dog legged stair case .
CONTENTS :
SL. NO. DESCRIPTION

(I) DESIGN OF RESERVOIR PORTION
(i) DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB, S₁
(ii) DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM, B₁
(ii) DESIGN OF EXTERNAL WALL
(iii) DESING OF FOUNDATION FOR EXTERNAL WALL
(iv) DESIGN OF SUBMERGED COLUMN, C₁
(v) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION FOR SUBMERGED COLUMN, F₁
(vi) DESIGN OF SUBMERGED COLUMN, C₂ (FOR STAIR CASE)
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION FOR SUBMERGED COLUMN, C₂
(vii)
(FOR STAIR CASE COLUMN), F₂
(viii) FLOOR FOUNDATION - NOMINAL DESIGN
(ix) CHECK
CHECK FOR
FOR EARTHQUAKE
EARTH QUAKEFORCES
FORCES DUE TO EXTERNAL
(x) SOIL PRESSURE
(II) DESIGN OF TOP HEAD ROOM
(i) DESGIN OF ROOF SLAB, S₂
(ii) DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM, B₂
(iii) DESIGN OF COLUMN, C₃
(III) DESIGN OF STAIR CASE
(i) DESIGN OF DOG-LEGGED STAIR CASE INSIDE THE SUMP
(ii) DESIGN
DESIGN OF
OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED
DOG-LEGGED BEAM,OUTSIDE
STAIR CASE SB₁ THE
(iii) SUMP
(iv) DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM, SB₂
(v) DESIGN OF COLUMN, C₄
(vi) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION FOR COLUMN, F₃
(v) DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLAB, S₃
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR, GROUND LEVEL SERVICE RESERVOIR
Capacity of reservoir = 7750 KL

Depth of foundation = 3.000 m
Top of raft level = + 576.100 m
Dead storage in the reservoir = 0.15 m
Free board = 0.50 m
Depth of water in the reservoir = 6.00 m
Height of wall (H) = 7.15 m
Thickness of roof slab Continuous = 0.15 m

Roof beams Width = 0.3 m
Depth = 0.5 m
No of columns = 75 No's
Size of internal column Width = 0.35 m
Depth = 0.35 m
Length along longer direction-(L) = 60.6 m
Length along shorter direction-(B) = 21.6 m
External wall Foundation

Constant height of Wall (h₁) = 2.55 m
Thickness Wall at bottom (upto height h₁) = 1.3 m
Remaining height of wall (h₂) = 2.3 m
Thickness Wall at top (upto height h₂) = 0.8 m
Remaining height of wall (h₃) = 2.3 m
Thickness Wall at top (upto height h₂) = 0.3 m
Width of Toe = 1.4 m
Width of Heel = 2.6 m
Foundation thickness = 0.8 m
Foundation depth for columns = 0.4 m
Unit weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m³

Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m³
Unit weight of soil = 18 kN/m³
SBC of soil considered = 300 kN/m²
Angle of internal friction ф = 30 ⁰
Ka = (1-sinф)/(1+sinф) = 0.333
CAPACITY CALCULATIONS :
Total volume of water =6.15 x 60.6 x 21.6 = 8050.1 m³ (H₂)
Deductions:
Volume of Columns =75 x0.35 x 0.35 x 6.15 = 56.5 m³
Dead storage =(60.6*21.6*0.15)-1.378125 = 195 m³
Pipe support portion (Assumption) - for 1 pipe = 5 m³
Staircase (Assumption) - for 1 pipe = 5 m³
Total deductions = 261.5 m³
Net Capacity of tank =8050.1 - 261.5 = 7788 m³
Total net capacity of the tank available = 7788 m³
0.30
0.5
7.15
6.00
0.15
Design Constants
m = 280/(3*σcbc) k = (m*σcbc)/[(m*σcbc)+σst]
j= 1-k/3 Q= 0.5*k*j*σcbc
σcbc 10 N/mm² m 9.3333 j 0.8607
σst 130 N/mm² k 0.4179 Q 1.7984
σcbc 10 N/mm² m 9.3333 j 0.9038

Other than water
retaining structures σst 230 N/mm² k 0.2887 Q 1.3046
Minimum percentage of steel 0.35 %

-- Permissible stresses in Concrete for Water Retaining Structures-(For No Crack Condition)
(As per Table 1 of IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009)
Direct Tension stress ft = 1.5 N/mm²
Tension due to Bending stress fbt = 2 N/mm²
(I) DESIGN OF RESERVOIR PORTION
(i) DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB, (S₁)
(A) Interior Panel

(B) Edge Panel, One Long edge discontinuous
(C) Edge Panel, Two adjacent edges discontinuous
DATA (A) (B) (C)

Clear cover of slab 25 25 25 mm
Thickness of the slab 150 150 150 mm
Dia of main R/F bar 10 10 10 mm
Eff. depth of slab 120 120 120 mm
Load details
Self weight of slab 3.75 3.75 3.75 kN/m²
Live Load on the slab 1.5 1.5 1.5 kN/m²
Total load, W 5.25 5.25 5.25 kN/m²
Factored load, Wu ( Factor= 1 )
5.25 5.25 5.25 kN/m²
Span details
Clear span, x-axis 3.300 3.30 3.30 m
Clear span, y-axis 3.500 3.50 3.50 m
Width of beam 0.3 0.3 0.3 m
Top width of wall -- 0.3 0.3 m
Effective thk. of slab 0.12 0.12 0.12 m
Eff. Shorter Span, Lx 3.42 3.42 3.42 m
Eff. Longer Span, Ly 3.62 3.62 3.62 m
Longer span/Shorter span Ly/Lx Ly/Lx Ly/Lx m
1.06 1.06 1.06
Two-way Two-way Two-way
Edge condition considered Cond'n 1 Cond'n 3 Cond'n 4
All Four Edges continuous One Long Edge Two Adjacent Edges
(Interior Panels) Discontinuous Discontinuous
(+)ve αx 0.024 0.028 0.035

coefficients
obtained
Moment
αy 0.024 0.028 0.035

(-)ve αx 0.032 0.037 0.047
αy 0.032 0.037 0.047
Therefore, the bending moments are as follows,

Mx = αx Wu Lx² My = αy Wu Lx²
Shorter span
At support, Mx (+) 1.474 1.719 2.149 kN-m
At mid span, Mx (-) 1.965 2.272 2.886 kN-m
Longer span
At support, My (+) 1.474 1.719 2.149 kN-m
At mid span, My (-) 1.965 2.272 2.886 kN-m
Moment considered for design 1.965 2.272 2.886 kN-m
Effective depth provided, d 120 120 120 mm
Overall depth required, √(6M/fb)

35.542 38.217 43.073 mm
Okay Okay Okay
Area of steel required, Ast req. M / (σst j d)
146.348 169.212 214.941 mm²
Min. area of steel, Ast min. 0.35 % of BD
262.5 262.5 262.5 mm²
Percent'g of steel required, Pt 0.219 0.219 0.219 %
Spacing required 150 150 150 mm

Spacing provided 150 150 150 mm
Area of steel provided, Ast pro. 523.599 523.599 523.599 mm²
Percent'g of steel provid'd, Pt 0.436 0.436 0.436 %
Provide R/F of 10mm dia @ 150mm C/C as a mesh
Check for deflection

Shorter span (Lx)
(L/d) actual 28.5 28.5 28.5
(L/d) max. = [ (L/d) basic x Kt ]
(L/d) basic 26 26 26
(Continuous span) (Continuous span) (Continuous span)
f = 0.58 fy (Ast req./Ast pro.)
145 145 145 N/mm²
Kt 2 2 2
(wrt f & Pt = 0.436%) (wrt f & Pt = 0.436%) (wrt f & Pt = 0.436%)
(From IS-456:2000, Fig.4, Fig.5 & Fig.6)
(L/d) max. 52 52 52
Okay Okay Okay
Longer span (Ly)

(L/d) actual 30.167 30.167 30.167
(L/d) basic 26 26 26
(Continuous span) (Continuous span) (Continuous span)
f = 81 94 119
Kt 2 2 2
(L/d) max. 52 52 52
Okay Okay Okay
Check for shear Lx Ly Lx Ly Lx Ly

Load coefficients r⁴/(1+r⁴) 1/(1+r⁴) 2r⁴/(1+2r⁴) 1/(1+2r⁴) r⁴/(1+r⁴) 1/(1+r⁴)
0.558 0.442 0.716 0.284 0.558 0.442
Shear force, V = Coeff.*(wL) 9.667 8.122 12.405 5.219 9.667 8.122 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd 0.081 0.103 0.081 N/mm²
Value of k 1.3 1.3 1.3
0.293 0.293 0.293
Permissible shear stress, kτc 0.381 0.381 0.381 N/mm²
Okay Okay Okay
(ii) DESIGN OF ROOF BEAMS, (B₁)
-- CONTINUOUS BEAM
DATA
Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m³
Unit weight of water 10 kN/m³
Size of the columns in connection with roof beam
0.35 X 0.35 m
Width of beam 0.3 m
Depth of beam 0.5 m
Cover to the reinforcement 45 mm
+[WdL²/12 +
+[WdL²/16 +
+[WdL²/16 +
+[WdL²/12 +
-[WdL²/10 +
-[WdL²/12 +
-[WdL²/10 +
Coefficients
WsL²/10]
WsL²/12]
WsL²/10]
WsL²/12]
Moment
WsL²/9]
WsL²/9]
WsL²/9]
0
0
(Outer Face)
(Outer Face)
Coefficients
+[0.4WdL +
+[0.4WdL +
+[0.6WdL +
+[0.5WdL +
+[0.6WdL +
0.45WsL]
0.45WsL]
0.6WsL]
0.6WsL]
0.6WsL]
Shear
0
1 2 3 4
+[0.55WdL +
+[0.55WdL +
(Inner Face)
(Inner Face)
Coefficients
0.6WsL]
0.6WsL]
Shear
Actual continuous beam criteria,
3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (11) (12) (13)
Load Calculation
Wt. of slab on span (1)& span (13) 8.55 kN/m
Wt. of slab on span (2) & span (12) 8.55 kN/m
Wt. of slab on span (3)- (11) 7.65 kN/m
Wt. of slab on span (7) 3.825 kN/m
Wt. of slab on span (7) 11.5 kN/m
SW of beam 3.75 kN/m
Span 1 & 13 2 & 12 3-6 & 8-11 7

Total Dead Load, Wd Load 12.3 12.3 11.4 19.075 kN/m X - DIR.
Live Load upon slab at span (1) & span (13) 2.85 kN/m
Live Load upon slab at span (2) & span (12) 2.85 kN/m
Live Load upon slab at span (3) -(6) & (8) -(11) 2.85 kN/m
Live Load upon slab at span (7) 1.425 kN/m
Span 1 & 13 2 & 12 3-6 & 8-11 7

Total Live Load, Ws Load 2.85 2.85 2.85 1.425 kN/m
Moment and Shear calculation As Per IS 456-table-12 and 13 page-36

Moment at exterior end supports 0 kN-m
Moment at support next to End Support -[WdL²/10 + WsL²/9]
-22.334 kN-m (At Top)
Moment at Other Interior supports -[WdL²/12 + WsL²/9]
(A) -18.291 (B) -25.24 kN-m (At Top)
Moment near middle of End span +[WdL²/12 + WsL²/10]
18.916 kN-m (At Bottom)
Moment near middle of interior span +[WdL²/16 + WsL²/12]
(A) 13.718 (A) 18.93 kN-m (At Bottom)
Shear at End Support +[0.4WdL + 0.45WsL]

23.57 kN
Shear at support next to end support (Outer face) +[0.6WdL + 0.6WsL]
34.542 kN
Shear at support next to end support (Inner face) +[0.55WdL + 0.6WsL]
32.205 kN
Shear at all other interior supports +[0.5WdL + 0.6WsL]
(A) 28.158 kN
d req. √(M/Qb) Ast min. 0.85/fy * (bd)

Ast req. M/(σst j d) Pt. min 0.2 %
Pt 100 Ast / (bd) Pt. max 4%
Moment Eff. Depth Eff. Depth Ast Ast min Bar dia No. of No. of Ast Pt.
Sl.No. required provided required bars bars provided provided
required provided
(kN-m) (mm) (mm) (mm²) (mm²) (mm) (mm²) (%)
1 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2 22.334 192.9 437 456.8 222.9 16 2.27 3 603.2 0.46
3 25.24 205.1 437 516.2 222.9 16 2.57 3 603.2 0.46
4 18.93 177.6 437 387.1 222.9 16 1.93 3 603.2 0.46
5 22.334 192.9 437 456.8 222.9 16 2.27 3 603.2 0.46
Check for shear

Nominal shear stress, τv = V/(bd) 0.263
= 34.542 * 1000 / (300 * 437) 0.263
= 0.263 N/mm² 0.263
Pt = 0.46 0.263
τc = 0.3 N/mm²
τv < τc Nominal shear R/F's are provided at a spacing gn. below.
Spacing, Sv = 0.87 fy Asv / (0.4 b)
Providing 2L stirrup of 10 mm dia bars
Asv = 157.08 mm²

Sv = 0.87*500*157.08/(0.4*300)
= 569.4 mm
Max. shear spacing 1) 300 mm
2) 0.75 d = 320 mm
Therefore, 2L Stirrups of 10mm dia bars at 200 mm spacing are provided.
Check for deflection control

Effective length of the critical beam, L = 3800 mm
(L/d) actual = (3800/455) = 8.352
(L/d) max. = [ (L/d) basic x Kt x Kc x Kf ]
(L/d) basic = 26 (Continuous beam)
f = 0.58 fy (Ast req./Ast pro.) = 219.6 N/mm²
Kt = 1.39 (w.r.t f & Pt = 0.46 %) (From IS-456:2000, Fig.4, Fig.5
Kc = 1.09 (w.r.t Pc = 0.46 %) & Fig.6)
Kf = 1 (w.r.t web/flange width = 1)
(L/d) max. = 26*1.39*1.09*1
= 39.393
(L/d) actual (L/d) max.
8.352 < 39.393
Okay
Hence deflection control is satisfied.
(iii) DESIGN OF EXTERNAL WALL
23.57
+583.250
0.3
MWL +582.8
W₁ h3=2.30
H = 7.15
W₂
0.8 h2=2.30
1.3 0
h1=2.55
0 W₃
3.55
GL +576.100
Heel Toe 0.8
W₄
A
2.60 0.3 1 1.4
5.30 (b)
For the 1300 mm thick wall:
Case 1. Moment due to water pressure alone = 0.5 * γw* H * H * H/3
= 0.5 x 10 x 6.65^3 / 3
M = 490.1 kN-m
Effective depth of section available = 1242.5 mm
Thickness of wall provided = 1300 mm
Over all thickness of wall required √(6M/fb) = 1212.6 mm Okay
Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm

Dia of bars proposed to be used = 25 mm
Area of each bar = 490.9 mm²
Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 3525.3 mm²
Percentage of steel = 0.284 %
Main reinforcement:
Minimum percentage of steel required = 0.35 %
Minimum area of steel required = 875 mm²
The spacing of bars required at the bottom face = 139.3 mm C/C
Provided spacing of bars = 100 mm C/C
Area of steel provided at the bottom = 4909.00 mm²
Distribution Reinforcement:
Case 2. Maximum bending moment at bottom of wall due to soil pressure:

Height of soil below ground level h = 2.40
= 0.5 * Ka * γw* h * h * h/3
= 0.5 x 0.333 x 18 x 2.4^3 / 3
M = 13.81 kN-m
Effective depth of section available = 1249 mm


Main reinforcement:

= 0.5 x 10 x 4.85^3 / 3
M = 190.1 kN-m
Effective depth of section available = 737.5 mm

Main reinforcement:

Height of soil below ground level h = 0.00 m
= 0.5 * Ka * γw* h * h * h/3
= 0.5 x 0.333 x 18 x 0^3 / 3
M = 0 kN-m
Over all thickness of wall required √(6M/fb) = 0 mm Okay

Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 0 mm²

Main reinforcement:

Height of 0.3 m thick wall = h3=2.30 m
= 0.5 x 10 x 2.3^3 / 3
M = 20.278 kN-m


Percentage of steel of steel provided = 0.292 %
Main reinforcement:
Area of steel required = 525 mm²

Height of soil below ground level h = 0.00 m
= 0.5 * Ka * γw* h * h * h/3
= 0.5 x 0.333 x 18 x 0^3 / 3
M = 0 kN-m
Over all thickness of wall required √(6M/fb) = 0 mm Okay

Main reinforcement:
Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 0 mm²
Inner face 25mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c spacing up to height h1 and 25mm dia bars @ 200mm c/c
spacing up to height h2, 12mm dia bars @ 200mm c/c spacing up to height h3.
Outer face 12mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing up to height h1, 12mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing
up to height h2 and 12mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing up to height h3.
Distribution RF 12mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing up to height h1 (inner & outer), 12mm dia bars @
120mm c/c spacing up to height h2 (inner & outer) and 12mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c
spacing up to height h3 (inner & outer).
Check for bending and direct stress

Thickness of the wall at bottom = 1300 mm
Clear Cover at Water Face = 45 mm
Clear Cover away from water face = 45 mm
Area of Tension Steel = 943 mm²
Area of Steel for Bending Moment = 4909 mm²
Modular Ratio = 9.3333
Effective Depth of Wall = 1243 mm
Depth of Neutral Axis bx²/2 = b(d-x)(d-x)/2+(m-1)Ast(d-x)

Neutral Axis, x can be calculated by solving above equation
205473909 = 205473909 0
x = 641.05 mm
Moment of Inertia of the section = 1.98E+11 mm⁴
f'bt = 1.489 N/mm²
f't = 0.028 N/mm²
f't/ft + f'bt/fbt <= 1.00
0.018 + 0.744 <= 1.00
0.76 <= 1.00 OK
CALCULATIONS FOR BASE SHEAR

Shear force P = γ * H²/2 = 221.113 KN
Check for shear
Nominal shear stress, τv = V/(bd)
= 0.178 N/mm²
Pt = 0.395
τc = 0.281 N/mm²
Safe in shear
(iv) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION(F₁) FOR EXTERNAL WALL
CASE (1) : For water load with no soil load

Load in Lever arm Moment about A
Sl. NO Description (kN) (m) (kN-m)
1 P1= 23.57 23.57 2.55 60.1035
2 W1= 0.3 * 2.3 * 25 17.25 2.55 43.988
3 W2= 0.8 * 2.3 * 25 46 2.3 105.8
4 W3= 1.3 * 2.55 * 25 82.875 2.05 169.894
5 W4= 0.8 * 5.3 * 25 106 2.65 280.9
6 Weight of Water= 2.6 * 6.65 * 10 172.9 4 691.6
7 Moment due to water= 1/6 * 6.65^3 * 10 490.133
8 Point load due to column & beam rxn. 0 6.3 0
Total Load (W) 448.595 862.15
Z =
862.15 / 448.6
= 1.92 m
Eccentricity e =
b/2 -Z
= 0.728 m
b/6 =
5.3 / 6
= 0.883 m
HENCE OK
Maximum and Minimum Pressure at the base are given
Pmax = W   6*e
  * 1 
 b   b 
= 154.397 kN/m² < 300 kN/m²
HENCE OK
Pmin = W   6*e
  * 1 
 b   b 
= 14.884 kN/m² < 300 kN/m²
HENCE OK
Design of Heel slab :

Min. pressure at the edge = 14.884 kN/m²
Pressure at wall edge of Heel = 85.957 kN/m²
Max. upward bending moment = 130.383 kN-m
(WuL²/2 + WvL²/6)
Deducting Moment due to self weight = 67.600 kN-m
Deducting Moment due to water = 224.770 kN-m
Deducting Moment due to column reaction = 0.000 kN-m
Net design Downward moment for heel slab. = -161.99 kN-m (-)
Minimum thickness required √(6M/fB) = 697.1 mm
OK
Adopted dia of bars = 20 mm

Area of bars = 314.159 mm²
Clear cover to be provided = 50 mm
Effective depth available = 740 mm
Main R/F
Area of steel required = 1956.4 mm²
The spacing of bars required at the top face = 160.6 mm C/C
Distribution R/F
Area of steel required near bottom face = 875 mm²
Dia. of bars adopted for top face = 16 mm
Area of bar = 201.1 mm²
Spacing of bars required = 229.83 mm C/C
Spacing Provided = 120 mm C/C
Main reinforcement of 20mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the top face and
Required Steel distribution reinforcement of 16mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the top face
---
of heel slab portion.
Design of Toe Slab :

Max. pressure at the edge = 154.397 kN/m²
Upward soil pressure = 51.736 kN/m²
Moment due to upward soil pressure = 184.85 kN-m
(WuL²/2 + WvL²/3)
Deducting Moment due to soil = 0.00 kN-m
Net design downward moment = 165.25 kN-m (+)
Total thickness required for uncracked section = 704.09 mm

OK
Minimum area of steel required on each face = 875 mm²

Main R/F
Dia. of bars adopted for bottom face = 20 mm
Provided spacing = 120 mm C/C
Area of steel to be provided on bottom face = 2617.99 mm²
Distribution R/F
Area of steel required near top face = 875 mm²
Main reinforcement of 20mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the bottom face
Required Steel
and distribution reinforcement of 16mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the
---
bottom face of toe slab portion.
Check for shear

Net pressure in toe slab = 93.807 kN
Net pressure in heel slab = 116.293 kN
Pressure to be considered, V = 116.293 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd = 0.157 N/mm²
Pt = 0.354 %
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.268 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.354%) OK

Thickness of foundation slab = 800 mm
Effective Depth of foundation slab = 740 mm

Neutral Axis, "x" can be calculated by solving above equation,
72426609 = 72426609 0.0
x = 380.596 mm
Moment of Inertia of sectio = [BD³/12] + [BD(n-D/2)²] + [(m-1)*Ast*(d-n)²]
[1000*800³/12] + [1000*800*(0-800/2)²] + [(9.3333-1)*2617.992*(740-0)²]
= 4.579.E+10 mm⁴
f'bt = 1.272 N/mm²
f't = 0.085 N/mm²
0.057 + 0.636 <= 1.00
0.693 <= 1.00 OK
CASE (2) : For wall with one side earth fill, with no water
Load in Moment about A
Sl. NO Description Lever arm
(kN) (kN-m)
1 P1= 23.57 23.57 2.55 60.104
2 W1= 0.3 * 2.3 * 25 17.25 2.55 43.988
3 W2= 0.8 * 2.3 * 25 46 2.3 105.8
4 W3= 1.3 * 2.55 * 25 82.875 2.05 169.894
5 W4= 0.8 * 5.3 * 25 106 2.65 280.9
6 W5= 0 * 1.4 * 18 0 0.7 0
7 Moment due to soil= 1/6 * 0^3 * 0.333*18 0
8 Point load due to column 0 6.25 0
Total Load (W) 275.695 660.69
Z = 660.69 / 275.7
= 2.40 m
Eccentricity e = b/2 -Z
= 0.254 m
b/6 = 5.3 / 6
= 0.883 m
HENCE OK
Maximum and Minimum Pressure at the base are given
Pmax = W   6*e
  * 1 
 b   b 
= 66.976 kN/m² < 300 kN/m²
HENCE OK
Pmin
= W   6*e
  * 1 
 b   b 
= 37.06 kN/m² < 300 kN/m²
HENCE OK
Design of Heel slab :

Max. pressure at the edge = 66.976 kN/m²
Pressure at wall edge of Heel = 52.300 kN/m²
Max. upward bending moment = 209.844 kN-m
(WuL²/2 + WvL²/3)
Deducting Moment due to column reaction = 0.000 kN-m
Net design Upward moment for heel slab. = 142.25 kN-m (+)
Minimum thk required √(6M/fB) = 653.3 mm
OK
Adopted dia of bars = 20 mm

Area of bars = 314.159 mm²
Clear cover to be provided = 50 mm
Main R/F
The spacing of bars required at the top face = 182.9 mm C/C
Distribution R/F
Area of steel required near bottom face = 875 mm²
Main reinforcement of 20mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the top face and
Required Steel --- distribution reinforcement of 16mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the top face
of heel slab portion.
Design of Toe Slab :

Min. pressure at the edge = 66.976 kN/m²
Upward soil pressure = 59.074 kN/m²
Moment due to upward soil pressure = 63.06 kN-m
(WuL²/2 + WvL²/6)
Deducting Moment due to soil = 0.00 kN-m
Net design downward moment = 43.46 kN-m (+)
Total thickness required for uncracked section = 361.06 mm

OK
Minimum area of steel required on each face = 875 mm²

Main R/F
Dia. of bars adopted for bottom face = 20 mm
Provided spacing = 120 mm C/C
Area of steel to be provided on bottom face = 2617.99 mm²
Distribution R/F
Area of steel required near top face = 875 mm²
Main reinforcement of 20mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the bottom face
Required Steel and distribution reinforcement of 16mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing in the
---
bottom face of toe slab portion.
Check for shear

Net pressure in toe slab = 117.619 kN
Net pressure in heel slab = 60.235 kN
Pt = 0.354 %
(For Pt = 0.354%) OK

72426609 = 72426609 0.0
x = 380.596 mm
[1000*800³/12] + [1000*800*(0-800/2)²] + [(9.3333-1)*2617.992*(740-0)²]
= 4.579.E+10 mm⁴
f'bt = 1.117 N/mm²
f't = 0.052 N/mm²
0.035 + 0.559 <= 1.00
0.594 <= 1.00 OK
(v) DESIGN OF SUBMERGED COLUMN, (C₁)
Design constants
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load
σsc = 140 N/mm²
Column Width 0.35 m

Depth 0.35 m
Unsupported length of the column (x-axis) 6.80 m
Clear cover provided 45 mm
Cross Sectional Area of the Column 122500 mm²
Design axial load due to beam 66.747 kN
Load due to stair case 0 kN
Self wt. of the column 20.825 kN
Check Slenderness ratio
Effective length of column = 1.0 Leff (Both ends hinged)
= 18.57 > 12
Hence, it is a 'Long Column' .
Reduction Coefficient
Cr = 1.25 - lef/(48b)
Cr = 0.863
Main Column reinforcement

P = σsc Asc + σcc (Ac - Asc)
Direct permissible stress in compression, σcc 8 N/mm²
Direct permissible stress in compression, σcc, with Cr 6.904 N/mm²
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load 140 N/mm²
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load with Cr 120.82 N/mm²
87.572 * 10^3 = 120.82*Asc + 6.904*(122500 - Asc)
Asc = -7423.474 mm²
Required area of concrete for permissible direct stress, As 12684.2 mm²

Min reinforcement required for 0.8% (As) 980 mm²
Dia of the main reinforcement bar 16 mm
No. of bars required 8 No.s
Area of steel provided 1608.495 mm²
Provide 16mm dia bars of 8 no.s as main reinforcement.
Lateral Ties
Dia of the bar 10 mm
Pitch of the ties 250 mm
Provide lateral ties of 10mm dia bars at 200mm c/c spacing.
(vi) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION(F₂) FOR COLUMN (C₁)
DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTING

Depth of footing below ground level = 3.00 m
Max. allowable bearing capacity = 300 kN/m²
Footing projection on from face of column width 0.55 m (Assumed)
Thickness = 0.40 m
Footing projection on from face of column depth 0.55 m (Assumed)
Thickness = 0.40 m
Width of column = 0.35 m
Depth of column = 0.35 m
Total width of footing = 1.45 m
Total length of footing = 1.45 m
Case I (Tank Full Condition):

Load and moments in the footing
(1) Miscellaneous load due to stair case 0 kN
(2) Load on column = 66.75 kN
(3) Weight of column = 20.825 kN
(4) Weight of water = 131.67 kN
(5) Self wt. of foundation = 21.025 kN
Base pressure Calculation
Total load = 240.267 kN D

Base Area = 2.103 m²
Base Pressure, P/A = 114.25 kN/m²
OK
Max. projection length from face of column W
= 0.55 m
Design of footing
Moment obtained = 15.087 kN-m
Minimum thickness required = 212.7 mm
√(6M/fB) OK
Effective depth provided = 342 mm
Reinforcement details
Area of steel required, Ast = 394.3 mm²
Min, percentage of steel required = 0.35 %
Min. area of steel required = 700 mm²
Dia of main reinforcement = 16 mm
Area of single bar = 201.1 mm²
Spacing required = 287.3 mm
Spacing provided = 120 mm
Percentage of reinforcement = 0.49 %
Provide 16mm dia bars at 120 C/C spacing as main reinforcement.
Check for shear

(For Pt = 0.49%) OK

Area of Steel for Bending Moment = 1675.8 mm²

15592009 = 15990181 -398172.5
x = 176.590 mm
[1000*400³/12] + [1000*400*(0-400/2)²] + [(9.3333-1)*1675.8*(342-0)²]
= 5.935.E+09 mm⁴
f'bt = 0.421 N/mm²
f't = 0.114 N/mm²
0.076 + 0.211 <= 1.00
0.287 <= 1.00 OK
(vii) FLOOR FOUNDATION - NOMINAL DESIGN
The floor slab excluding footing portion is a non-structural member directly resting on the
ground.
Hence, provide minimum thickness 200 mm
Thickness provided 400 mm
As per IS-3370, Part IV, Cl. 8.1.1 and Fig. 2
~ The minimum Reinforcement is 0.35 % of surface zone area.
For ground slabs less than 300mm thick, the calculated minimum reinforcement, i.e. [0.35%
(400*1000)/2], should be placed in one face as near as possible to the upper surface
consistent with the nominal cover. Hence provide the reinforcement at the top only.
~
The bar spacing should not be greater than 300mm or thickness of the slab, whichever is less.
Min. Area of reinforcement to be provided = 700 mm²

Dia of bars provided = 16 mm
Area of the bar = 201.06 mm²
Spacing to be required = 287.23 mm
Ast provided = 1676 mm²
Provide 16mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c spacing bothways at both top & bottom face of the
floor slab portion.
Leveling course :--

Provide 150mm thick leveling course in M15 mix grade under foundation slab with 150mm
projection on both ends.
(Viii) DESIGN OF SUBMERGED COLUMN, (C₂) FOR STAIR CASE
Design constants
σsc = 140 N/mm²
Column Width 0.35 m

Depth 0.35 m
Design axial load due to beam 66.747 kN
Load due to stair case 22.246 kN
= 18.57 > 12
Hence, it is a 'Long Column' .
Reduction Coefficient
Cr = 1.25 - lef/(48b)
Cr = 0.863

Direct permissible stress in compression, σcc, with Cr 6.904 N/mm²
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load 140 N/mm²
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load with Cr 120.82 N/mm²
109.818 * 10^3 = 120.82*Asc + 6.904*(122500 - Asc)
Asc = -7423.278 mm²

Lateral Ties
(ix) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION (F₃) FOR STAIR CASE COLUMN (C₂)

Thickness = 0.40 m
Thickness = 0.40 m
Case I (Tank Full Condition):

(1) Miscellaneous load due to stair case 22.246 kN
(4) Weight of water = 131.67 kN

OK
Max. projection length from face of column W
= 0.55 m
Design of footing
√(6M/fB) OK
Min, percentage of steel required = 0.35 %
Provide 16mm dia bars at 120 C/C spacing as main reinforcement.
Check for shear

(For Pt = 0.49%) OK

Area of Steel for Bending Moment = 1675.8 mm²

16369815 = 15219188 1150626.4
x = 180.941 mm
[1000*400³/12] + [1000*400*(0-400/2)²] + [(9.3333-1)*1675.8*(342-0)²]
= 5.841.E+09 mm⁴
f'bt = 0.460 N/mm²
f't = 0.125 N/mm²
0.083 + 0.230 <= 1.00
0.313 <= 1.00 OK
(x) CHECK FOR EARTHQUAKE FORCES
Hydrodynamic Force due to Earth quake shall be
As per IS 1893-2002, the area lies in, ZONE II
1 Basic horizontal Seismic Coeff. α₀ = 0.02 (Table 2 IS 1893-1984)
2 Importance Factor I = 1.50 (Table 4 IS 1893-1984)
3 Soil Foundation system Factor β = 1.00 (Table 3 IS 1893-1984)
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient ah = α₀Ib (Cl. 3.4.2.3 of IS1893-1984)
ah = 0.03
Hydrodynamic pressure on tank wall p w, ah wh √(3) [y/h-1/2(y/h)²] * tanh(√3 * l/h)

As per Clause No. 5.2.7 of IS 1893-1984
where, ah Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
w Density of Water, 10
y Point of application below the top of water
h Total depth of water
l Length of Tank
Sample Calculations for a depth of 2.055m below the top of water 0.91 kN
= 0.03*10*6.85*√(3)*(2.055/6.85-1/2*(2.055/6.85)^2)*TANH(√(3)*(60.6/6.85))
The hydrodynamic pressure on the Tank wall is tabulated as below

Distance Horizontal Hydrodynamic Force % increase in Hoop
from Seismic Pressure on due to water tension due to
top Coefficient Tank wall per meter Earth Quake
(m) ah Pw, in kN kN
0.000 0.03 0.00 0.000 0.00
0.685 0.03 0.34 2.346 14.410
1.370 0.03 0.64 9.385 6.830
2.055 0.03 0.91 21.115 4.300
2.740 0.03 1.14 37.538 3.030
3.425 0.03 1.34 58.653 2.280
4.110 0.03 1.50 84.461 1.770
4.795 0.03 1.62 114.960 1.410
5.480 0.03 1.71 150.152 1.140
6.165 0.03 1.76 190.036 0.930
6.850 0.03 1.78 234.613 0.93
The maximum increase in the Hoop Tension considering the hydrodynamic pressure along
with the static pressure is, 14.41 %, which is less than the permicible.
As per the Clause No. B-2.3 of IS 456-2000, the permissible stresses be increased by 33.33 %,
when stress due to live/dead/impact loads are combined with the earthquake loads.
In present case the increase in the forces due to EQ load is very small in comparison to the
static load, as it's not critical ,it's not considered in the final calculations.
(xi) CHECK FOR EARTH QUAKE FORCES DUE TO EXTERNAL SOIL PRESSURE
ZONE :- II
M30 - Grade of concrete 0.30 TOP R.L - 583.250
STT 0.30 m
SBT 1.300 m
DF 3.0 m
HT 0.80 m
TT 0.80 m 7.15
TP 1.40 m
HP 2.60 m
H 7.15 m BOT .R.L - 576.100
WH 0.00 m 0.80
EH 0.00 m 573.100
DE 1.80 t/m³ 2.60 1.300 1.40
DC 2.50 t/m³ 5.300
SBC 30 t/m²
B 5.300 m
2
Ca = (1+αv) Cos² φ-λ-α) x 1
Cosλ Cos²α Cos(δ+α+λ) 1 + Sin (φ+α) Sin (φ-I-λ) 1 /2
Cos (α-I) cos (δ+α+λ)
CASE :1 - NO EARTHQUAKE LOAD

Here, αh = αv = l = 0
2
1.000 x 0.859 1
Ca =
0.981 x 0.990 1 + 0.500 x 0.5 ½
0.99 x 0.99
= 0.885 x 2
1
1 + 0.505
= 0.885 x 0.442
= 0.392
CASE :2 - EARTHQUAKE LOAD
EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO EARTHQUAKE ON THE RETAINING WALL AS PER ZONE II,
IS 1893 - 1984
Tan α = 1.000
h GL 7.15
= 0.140
δ
α = 7.97
Pa
Active Pressure
Pa = 1/2 wh² Ca
Pa = Active earth pressure in kg/m length of wall
w = Unit wt. of soil = 1.80 t/m³
h, Height of wall in m = 7.15 m

αh, Horizontal Seismic Coefficient β I a₀
αh For, ZONE II = 0.03
αv, Vertical Seismic Coefficient, 0.5 αh = 0.015
Angle of internal friction of soil, ф = 30

Angle at which the earth face of wall cuts vertically, α = 7.97
Slope of earth fill, i = 0
Angle of friction between wall and earth fill (1/3*ф) = 0
λ = tan-1 {ah / (1 + av)} (For Dry soil)

= Tan ⁻¹ (0.03/(1+0.015) (or) Tan ⁻¹ (0.03/(1-0.015)
= 1.7 (or) 1.7
2
1.015 ### 1
Ca = ½
0.980 ### 1 + 0.5000 x 0.4742
0.99 x 0.99
2
= 0.923 x 1
1 + 0.49
= 0.923 ### = 0.414
2
0.985 ### 1
Ca = ½
0.980 ### 1 + 0.5000 x 0.4734
0.99 x 0.99
= 0.897 x 1 ²
1 + 0.49
= 0.897 ### = 0.403
THE MAXIMUM OF THE TWO BEING THE VALUE FOR DESIGN

Max. Ca = 0.414
Static active pressure exerted from earth fill behind retaining wall.
The other factors for the calculations of earth forces are same other than the Ca.
The percentage increase in the value of the
(0.414/0.392 - 1)x100 =5.6%
Ca due to EQ
As per the Clause No. B-2.3 of IS 456-2000, the permissible stresses may be increased by 33.33
% when stress due to live/dead/impact loads are combined with the earthquake loads.
In present case the increase in the forces due to EQ load is very small in comparison to the
static load, so it's not critical.
(II) DESIGN OF TOP HEAD ROOM
(i) DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB, (S₂)
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³
DATA
Clear cover of the slab = 25 mm
Thickness of the slab = 200 mm
Providing dia of main R/F bar = 10 mm
Load details
Self weight of the slab = 5 kN/m²
Live Load on the slab = 0.75 kN/m²
Total load, W = 5.75 kN/m²
Factored load, Wu ( Factor = 1)
= 5.75 kN/m²
Span details
Clear span, x-axis 2.000 m Width of beam 0.3 m
Clear span, y-axis 3.900 m Effective thk. of slab 0.17 m
Eff. Shorter Span, Lx 2.170 m
Eff. Longer Span, Ly 4.07 m
Longer span / Shorter span, r Ly/Lx 1.88 Two-way
Four Edges Discountinuous but Corners
Edge condition considered Cond'n 10 held down by providing Torsional
Reinforcement
Moment coefficients (+)ve αx 0 (-)ve αx 0.116

obtained αy 0 αy 0.033

Shorter span Longer span

At support, Mx (+) 0 kN-m At support, My (+) 0 kN-m
At mid span, Mx (-) 3.141 kN-m At mid span, My (-) 0.894 kN-m
Moment considered for design 3.141 kN-m

Effective depth required, √M / Qb
41.792 mm
Effective depth provided, d 170 mm
Okay

165.129 mm²
Min. area of steel, Ast min. % of Bd
595 mm²
Percent'g of steel required, Pt 0.35 %
Spacing required 132 mm
Spacing provided 100 mm
Area of steel provided, Ast pro. 785.398 mm²
Percent'g of steel provid'd, Pt 0.462 %

Shorter span (Lx) Longer span (Ly)
(L/d) actual 12.765 23.941
(L/d) basic 20 20
(Simply Supported) (Simply Supported)
219.698 219.698 N/mm²
Kt 1.39 1.39
(wrt f & Pt = 0.462%)
(L/d) max. 27.8 27.8
Okay Okay
Check for shear Lx Ly

Load coefficients r⁴/(1+r⁴) 1/(1+r⁴)
0.926 0.074
Shear force, V = Coeff.*(wL) 12.246 1.787 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd 0.072 N/mm²
Value of k 1.2
Permissible shear stress, τc 0.3
Permissible shear stress, kτc 0.360 N/mm² Okay
(wrt f & Pt = 0.462%)
(ii) DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM, (B₂)
Simply Supported beam dimensions Width = 0.3 m

Depth = 0.5 m
Length = 4.2 m
Load on beam, udl, due to slab = 4.176 kN/m

Load on beam, udl, due to live load on slab = 0.626 kN/m
Total load on the beam = 4.802 kN/m
Max. moment, wL²/8 = 10.588 kN-m
Max. shear force, wL/2 = 10.084 kN
Eff. Depth required = 37.4 mm
Eff. Depth provided = 462 mm
OK
Area of steel required, Ast = M/(σst j d) = 204.8 mm²
Min. area of steel = 525 mm²
Area of single bar, Ab = 201.1 mm²
No. of bars required = 2.61
Say 3
Percentage of steel, Pt = 0.402 %
Provide main steel of 16mm dia bars of 3 no.s.
Check for shear

Max. shear obtained = 10.084 kN
Permissible stress, τv = 0.283 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.402%) OK
Provide 2L - 10 mm φ, Vertical Stirrups

Area of shear reinforcement, Asv = 157.08 mm²
Spacing required = 0.87 fy Asv / (0.4 b) = 569.4 mm
Min. shear spacing = 300 mm
= 0.75 d = 340 mm
Provide 2L-10mm dia stirrups at 240mm spacing.
(iii) DESIGN OF COLUMN, (C₃)
Design constants
σsc = 190 N/mm²
Column Width = 0.35 m

Depth = 0.35 m
Unsupported length of the column (x-axis) = 2m
Clear cover provided = 40 mm
Cross Sectional Area of the Column = 122500 mm²
Design axial load (Factored) = 10.084 kN
Self wt. of the column = 6.125 kN

Slenderness ratio = 5.714 < 12
Hence, it is a 'Short Column' .

Direct permissible stress in compression, σcc = 8 N/mm²
### = 190*Asc + 8*(122500 - Asc)
Asc = -5329.209 mm²

Dia of the main reinforcement bar = 16 mm
No. of bars required = 8 No.s
Area of steel provided = 1608.495 mm²
Lateral Ties
Dia of the bar = 10 mm
Pitch of the ties = 250 mm
(III) DESIGN OF STAIR CASE
(i) DESIGN OF DOG-LEGGED STAIR CASE INSIDE THE RESERVOIR
Total height of the stair case 7.30 m
No. of flights 5
No. of landings 5
Height of top three flights individually 1.5 m
Height of bottom flight 1.3 m 950
Thickness of landing slab 200 mm
Length of landing 1100 mm
Width of landing 950 mm 3.8
Thickness of the waist slab 200 mm
Total width of the staircase 2300 mm
Riser, R 150 mm Tread, T 250 mm 550

2300
Therefore, Length of each flight 3.8 m
Assuming it to be a simply supported slab,
4.393 (Inclined length)

Load Calculation
Wt. w' on slope = 5.5 kN/m
Wt. w₁ per horizontal m run = 6.414 kN/m
Wt. of each step = 0.516 kN/m
Wt. w₂ of steps per horizontal meter run 2.064 kN/m
Total dead wt. per m run = 8.478 kN/m
Live load = 1.5 kN/m²
= 1.65 kN/m
Hence, total load w, per horizontal m run 10.128 kN/m
Moment & Shear force calculations

Max. moment obtained = 24.432 kN-m
Eff. depth provided = 147 mm

Overall depth required for uncracked condition √[M/(Qb)]
= 116.6 mm OK
Main R/F
Spacing of the bars required = 135.4 mm
Say 100 mm
Distribution R/F
Dia of distribution reinforcement = 10 mm
Spacing of the bars required = 200 mm
Say 200 mm
Check for Shear

Max. shear force obtained, V = 22.246 kN
Shear stress obtained, τv = 0.151 N/mm²
Value for k = 1.2
τc = 0.461 N/mm²
Permissible shear stress, kτc 0.553 N/mm²
Hence, no shear reinforcement is required.
(ii) DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM, SB₁
Simply Supported beam dimensions Width 0.3 m

Depth 0.5 m
Length 3.6 m
Load on beam, udl, due to the stair case = 10.128 kN/m

Self weight of beam = 3.75 kN/m
13.878 kN/m
Eff. Depth provided = 445 mm
Depth required for uncracked section 474 mm OK
Say 3
Check for shear

Permissible stress, τc = 0.341 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.628%) OK

Min. shear spacing 1) 300 mm
2) 0.75 d = 330 mm
(XI) DESIGN OF DOG-LEGGED STAIR CASE OUTSIDE THE RESERVOIR
Total height of the stair case 7.30 m
No. of flights 5
No. of landings 5
Height of top two flights individually 1.5 m
Height of bottom flight 1.3 m
Thickness of landing slab 200 mm
Length of landing 1100 mm
Width of landing 950 mm
3.8
Thickness of the waist slab 200 mm
Total width of the staircase 2300 mm
Riser, R 150 mm Tread, T 250 mm
950
Therefore, Length of each flight 3.8 m 2300
Assuming it to be a simply supported slab,
4.393 (Inclined length)

Load Calculation
Wt. w' on slope = 5.5 kN/m
Wt. w₁ per horizontal m run = 6.414 kN/m
Wt. of each step = 0.516 kN/m
Wt. w₂ of steps per horizontal meter run 2.064 kN/m
Total dead wt. per m run = 8.478 kN/m
Live load = 1.5 kN/m²

= 1.65 kN/m
Hence, total load w, per horizontal m run 10.128 kN/m
Moment & Shear force calculations

Max. moment obtained = 24.432 kN-m
Eff. depth required, √[M/Qb] = 136.8 mm

Eff. depth provided = 149 mm OK
Main R/F
Say 120 mm
Distribution R/F
Say 100 mm
Check for Shear

Max. shear force obtained, V = 22.246 kN
Shear stress obtained, τv = 0.149 N/mm²
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.342
Value for k = 1.2
τc = 0.41 N/mm²
Hence, no shear reinforcement is required.
DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM, SB₂
Simply Supported beam dimensions Width 0.3 m

Depth 0.3 m
Length 2.85 m
Load on beam, udl, due to the stair case = 10.128 kN/m

Self ewight of beam = 2.25 kN/m
Total = 12.378 kN/m
Eff. Depth required = 179.2 mm
Eff. Depth provided = 249 mm OK
Say 3
Check for shear

Permissible stress, τc = 0.276 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.377%) OK

Max. shear spacing 1) 300 mm
2) 0.75 d = 180 mm
(C) DESIGN OF COLUMN, C₄
Design constants
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load σsc = 190 N/mm²
Column Width 0.3 m

Depth 0.3 m
Design axial load (Factored) 17.639 kN

Slenderness ratio = 11.667 < 12
Hence, it is a 'Short Column' .

25.514 * 10^3 = 190*Asc + 8*(90000 - Asc)
Asc = -3859.126 mm²

Lateral Ties
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION SLAB(F₄), FOR COLUMN C₄

Safe bearing capacity = 30 t/m²
Thickness = 0.30 m
Thickness = 0.30 m


Max. projection length from face of column
= 0.50 m W
Design of footing
√(M/QB) OK
Provide 10mm dia bars of 140 mm c/c span as main reinforcement.
Check for shear

(For Pt = 0.224%) OK
(i) DESIGN OF ACCESS SLAB FOR STAIR CASE, (S₃)
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³
DATA
Clear cover of the slab = 25 mm
Thickness of the slab = 200 mm
Providing dia of main R/F bar = 10 mm
Load details
Self weight of the slab = 5 kN/m²
Live Load on the slab = 1.5 kN/m²
Total load, W = 6.5 kN/m²
Factored load, Wu ( Factor = 1)
= 6.5 kN/m²
Span details
Clear span, x-axis 2.000 m Width of beam 0.3 m
Clear span, y-axis 3.000 m Effective thk. of slab 0.17 m
Eff. Shorter Span, Lx 2.170 m
Eff. Longer Span, Ly 3.17 m
Longer span / Shorter span, r Ly/Lx 1.46 Two-way
Four Edges Discountinuous but Corners
Edge condition considered Cond'n 10 held down by providing Torsional
Reinforcement
Moment coefficients (+)ve αx 0 (-)ve αx 0.102

obtained
αy 0 αy 0.048

Shorter span Longer span

At support, Mx (+) 0 kN-m At support, My (+) 0 kN-m
At mid span, Mx (-) 3.122 kN-m At mid span, My (-) 1.469 kN-m
Moment considered for design 3.122 kN-m

Effective depth required, √M / Qb
41.665 mm
Effective depth provided, d 170 mm
Okay

164.13 mm²
Min. area of steel, Ast min. % of Bd
595 mm²
Percent'g of steel required, Pt 0.35 %
Spacing required 132 mm
Spacing provided 100 mm
Area of steel provided, Ast pro. 785.398 mm²
Percent'g of steel provid'd, Pt 0.462 %

Shorter span (Lx) Longer span (Ly)
(L/d) actual 12.765 18.647
(L/d) basic 20 20
(Simply Supported) (Simply Supported)
219.698 219.698 N/mm²
Kt 1.39 1.39
(wrt f & Pt = 0.462%)
(L/d) max. 27.8 27.8
Okay Okay
Check for shear Lx Ly

Load coefficients r⁴/(1+r⁴) 1/(1+r⁴)
0.82 0.18
Shear force, V = Coeff.*(wL) 12.259 3.861 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd 0.072 N/mm²
Value of k 1.2
Permissible shear stress, τc 0.3
Permissible shear stress, kτc 0.360 N/mm² Okay
(wrt f & Pt = 0.462%)
Temperature analysis of elements involved on the Resorvoir
1 General
a Coefficient of expansion of concrete as per IS456-2000 a = 0.000007 per degree centigrade
with Granite variery aggrigate (Considered bottom line)
b Max temperature T1 = 40 degree centigrade
c Min. temperature T2 = 30 degree centigrade
d Temperatuire variation T=T1-T2 = 10 degree centigrade
e Charecteristic compressive strength of concrete = 30 N/mm2
f Youngs' modulus of elastisity , E=5000*sqrt(fck) = 27386.128 N/mm2
g Allowable stres in HYSD bars in tension as per IS456 sst = 230 N/mm2
h Strain a*T = 0.00007
i Stress in concrete due temperature variation a*T*E 1.917029 N/mm2
2 Wall
Height of wall = 7150 mm

width of wall for top Step = 300 mm
width of wall for middle Step = 800 mm
width of wall for Bottom Step = 1300 mm
Average width of wall = 800 mm
Average Area of Section = 5720000 mm
Axial tension due to temperature variation F'=Stress* CS area = 10965406 N
Area of reinforcement required F/sst = 47675.677 mm2
Area of reinforcement required per meter height of wall = 6667.93 mm2
Area of reinforcement required per face per meter height of wall = 3333.96 mm2
Assume dia of bar = 25 mm
Area of each bar = 490.625 mm2
spacing required = 147.15968 mm
Provided spacing = 140 mm
3 Raft Under Wall
Thickness of raft under wall = 800 mm

Assume one meter width of raft = 1000 mm
Area of raft per meter width 800000 mm2
Axial tension due to temperature variation F'=Stress* CS area = 1533623.2 N
Area of reinforcement required per meter width = 6667.93 mm2
Area of reinforcement required per face per meter width = 3333.96 mm2
4 Middle Raft
Thickness of raft under wall = 400 mm

Assume one meter width of raft = 1000 mm
5 Roof Slab
Thickness of salb = 150 mm

Assume one meter width of salb = 1000 mm
6 Roof Beam
Width of beam = 300 mm

Depth of beam = 450 mm
Cross sectional area of beam 135000 mm2
Area of reinforcement required per face = 562.61 mm2
Number of bars for each face = 2.80 mm
Provided bars on each face = 3 mm
From the above calcualtions, Temperature reinforcments are governing the design
Hence drawings are prepared using the above reinforcments

7750kL Capacity Ground Level Service Reservoir Design

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7750kL Capacity Ground Level Service Reservoir Design

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REPORT ACCOMPANYING THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWING OF 7750kL CAPACITY,''GROUND

LEVEL SERVICE RESERVOIR''

2. The Ground Level Service Reservoir (GLSR) :

2.2. Salient features of GLSR

2.3. Design Criteria & Specifications

Basic considerations in design of structures is its stability, serviceability, durability, safety

2.4. Codes & Standards

2.5. Material of Construction

2.6.2 Live Load [LL]

2.6.3 Water Load [WL]

2.6.4 Earth quake Load (EQ)

2.6.4 Wind Load

2.7 Foundation Parameters

2.8 Design Method

(a) Roof slab

(b) Roof Beam :

(c) Exterior & Interior wall :

SL. NO. DESCRIPTION

Capacity of reservoir = 7750 KL

Thickness of roof slab Continuous = 0.15 m

External wall Foundation

Foundation depth for columns = 0.4 m

Unit weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m³

Total volume of water =6.15 x 60.6 x 21.6 = 8050.1 m³ (H₂)

Total net capacity of the tank available = 7788 m³

σcbc 10 N/mm² m 9.3333 j 0.9038

Minimum percentage of steel 0.35 %

(A) Interior Panel

DATA (A) (B) (C)

(+)ve αx 0.024 0.028 0.035

αy 0.024 0.028 0.035

Therefore, the bending moments are as follows,

Moment considered for design 1.965 2.272 2.886 kN-m

Effective depth provided, d 120 120 120 mm

Overall depth required, √(6M/fb)

Spacing required 150 150 150 mm

Provide R/F of 10mm dia @ 150mm C/C as a mesh

Check for deflection

Longer span (Ly)

Check for shear Lx Ly Lx Ly Lx Ly

Actual continuous beam criteria,

Span 1 & 13 2 & 12 3-6 & 8-11 7

Span 1 & 13 2 & 12 3-6 & 8-11 7

Moment and Shear calculation As Per IS 456-table-12 and 13 page-36

Shear at End Support +[0.4WdL + 0.45WsL]

d req. √(M/Qb) Ast min. 0.85/fy * (bd)

Check for shear

Providing 2L stirrup of 10 mm dia bars

Asv = 157.08 mm²

Therefore, 2L Stirrups of 10mm dia bars at 200 mm spacing are provided.

Check for deflection control

Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm

Case 2. Maximum bending moment at bottom of wall due to soil pressure:

Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm

Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 98.818 mm²

For the 800 mm thick wall:

Cover to the reinforcement = 50 mm

Case 2. Maximum bending moment at bottom of wall due to soil pressure:

Cover to the reinforcement = 50 mm

Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 0 mm²

For the 300 mm thick wall:

Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm

Area of steel required M/(σst j d) = 727.8 mm²