Structural Design Report

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT

PROPOSED DESIGN REPORT OF BRIDGES AT
KALINGAL ODAI, KOMBAIAARU, TENKASI
DISTRICT, NABARD SCHEME 2021-2022

CONTENT
S.No DESCRIPTION SPAN
1 RCC T-Beam Slab Bridge – Sivagiri 15m

2 Retaining Wall 12m

1) Introduction
This design document describes in brief about the methodology adopted by the work
“Bridges design at Kalingal Odai, Kombaiaaru, Tenkasi district under NABARD scheme 2021-
2022”. The document sets out analysis, design of various structural elements of RCC Bridges.
2) Scope of Work
Preparing design and detailing of RCC T-beam and slab Bridge with suitable abutment and
piers & retaining wall. Applying corresponding dead loads, live loads, hydrostatic loads and earth
pressure to the structure and designed as per codal provisions.MS excel and Staad pro is used for
design and analysis.
3) Design Methodology
After deciding the type of bridge, span arrangement and span length assume suitable first trial
cross section of foundations and deck in concrete with the method of construction. Hence establish a
loading sequence. For each load in the sequence check moment and shear under IRC load
combinations. The resultant of forces must not exceeding resisting forces.
 Establish deck load and live load reactions on pier/abutment under consideration from
quick preliminary analysis and design.
 Estimate wind load, static equivalent seismic force and active earth pressure forces at
various levels and at base of foundation.
 Estimate total loads and moment about the bridge longitudinal and transverse direction
respectively due to dead, live, braking and water.
 Analyze and design the deck slab, longitudinal girder, cross beams, bearings, piers,
abutment, return wall, dirt wall.
For design purpose 1m length of abutment is considered for analysis. A staad model is
prepared for design of abutment stem. The design moments from staad analysis were used to design
procedure of abutment respectively.
4) Materials
Concrete grade: M30 (Design Mix) for superstructure RCC slab, substructure,
approach slab.
Concrete grade: M35 (Design Mix) for RCC T Beam.
Concrete grade: M40 (Design Mix) for crash barrier.
Reinforcement: Fe 500D High yield strength deformed bars.
Clear cover: 40mm for superstructure and 75 mm for substructure and
foundation below ground level.
5) Design Standards
The following design codes are used for the design of structure.
 IRC 6 2014.
 IRC 21 2000
 IRC 83 2018
 IRC 5 1998
 IRC 112 2011.
 IRC SP 13 2004.
 SP 16 1980 DESIGN AIDS to IS 456.
6) Design Loads
The dead loads on structure are due to self-weight of structural elements, wearing coat and
additional utilities. The vehicular live load is as per IRC class AA & IRC class, A loading type. The
wheel load is practically considered as concentrated load on slab. This load will get dispersed along
particular length and widthwise of the slab by Effective width method and Piegeaud’s coefficient
method.
7) Analysis and Design Approach

The following chapter comprises design of various cross section bridges.

DESIGN OF BRIDGES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD OVER BRIDGE AT SIVAGIRI
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER SLAB

DATA :
Cantilever (L) = 1.638 m
Assuming depth of can. Slab at support (t) = 0.250 m
Assuming depth of can. Slab at end (W) = 0.25 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.065 m
width of longitudinal beam (Bw) = 0.625 m
Clear cover for bottom bars = 40 mm
Assuming depth of panel Slab = 0.25 m
Width of Kerb = 0.750 m
Height of Kerb = 0.225 m
Width of Carrage way = 4.250 m
Overall Width = 6.150 m
Height of Parapet wall above Kerb = 1.125 m
0.2
+101.065
0.750 1.000
+99.940 65 mm
0.225
+99.715
+99.650
250 250 mm 250 mm
+99.400
0.950 0.688
1.638
1.950
0.625
Grade of Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible Compressive Stress = 10.00 Mpa
Permissible Tensile Stress = 240 Mpa
Modular Ratio (Es/Ec),m = 10 (As per clause 303.1 Table 6 IRC 21-2000)
k = 0.294
J = 0.902
Q = 13.265
Type of Loading : IRC Class A
Live Load BM calculations
Impact factor = 4.5/(6+L) = 4.5 = 0.23

6 +14
The minimum clearance (i.e) , f= 150 mm between the outer edge of the wheel and the roadway
face of the kerb. ( ' f ' depends upon the carriage way width )
Tyre width of 11.4t load = 0.5 m

Breadth of ground contact area of 11.4t = 0.25 m
Average thickness of cantilever slab = 250+250 = 250 mm

2
The loading will be as shown in fig.
(As per clause 305.16.2 (2) (I) of IRC 21-2000
Effective width of dispersion is computed by the formula e = 1.2 * x + bw
where x = distance of C.G of load from edge of cantilever
= 1.6375 - 0.95
= 0.688 m i.e 687.5 mm
= (687.5 - f - (b / 2) + g/2 )/2
= (687.5-150-250+565)/2
= 426.25 mm
bw = Tyre width +2 times W.Coat
bw = 250 + 2 x 65 = 380 mm
e = (1.2x426.25) +380 = 892mm
Dispersion width along span of cantilever

= Tyre width +2x(w.c+Avg slab.canti slab.Thick)
= 500+ 2 (65 + 250)
g = 1130 mm i.e 1.130 m
some portion of dispersion width goes beyond the edge of cantilever.
891.50
852.50
Considering Dispersion width in cantilever portion = 853 mm
As Per I.R.C Class A loading Maximum 11.4 t

For one wheel = 11.4/2 = 5.700 t
Live load / meter width = 5.700 = 6.394 t

0.892
Load over cantilever portion = 0.8525 x 6.394 = 4.824 t

1.13
Max. Bending Moment due to live load in Cantilever portion
= W x L/2
= 4.824x0.8525 = 2.056 t-m
2
Max. Moment due to live load impact

= 1.23 times of live load
= 1.23 x 2.056
= 2.529 t-m
Unit Weight of materials, As per I.R.C 6-2010

R.C.C = 2.50 t / m3
3
P.C.C = 2.40 t/m
DEAD LOAD calculations:
Self weight of slab (Rec. portion) = 1.6375 x 0.25 x 2.5 = 1.023

Self weight of slab (Tri. Portion) = 2 x 0.5 x 1.6375 x 0 x 2.5 = 0.000
Weight of wearing coat = 0.6875 x 0.065 x 2.4 = 0.107
Weight of kerb = 0.95 x 0.225 x 2.5 = 0.534
Weight of parapet = 0.2 x 1.125 x 2.4 = 0.563
= 2.227 t/m
BM calculations:
DESCRIPTION LOAD LEVERARM MOMENT
Self weight of slab (Rec. portion) 1.023 1.6375 / 2 0.838
Self weight of slab (Tri. portion) 0.000 1.6375 / 3 0.000
Weight of wearing coat 0.107 0.6875 / 2 0.037
Weight of kerb 0.534 0.95 / 2 +0.6875 0.621
Weight of hand rail 0.563 1.538 0.865
2.361 t-m
Total BM due to DL+LL,MB = 2.529+2.361 = 4.890 t-m
Using 16 mm dia bars with Clear cover 40 mm

Effective Depth Available = 250 - 40 - 8 = 202 mm i.e 20.2 cm
5
Effective depth required = 4.89 x 10 = 489000
13.265x 100 1326.471
Depth Required = 19.2 cm < 20.20 cm Hence Ok
Area of steel required = 4.89x 10^5 = 11.183 Sq.cm

2400 x 0.902 x 20.2
Area of each 16 mm dia = 201.062 mm i.e 2.011 sq.cm
2
Spacing required = (PI) /4 x D x 100
Area of Steel Required
= 2.011
11.183
= 17.979 cm
Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 100 mm c/c (A)
2 2
Area of steel provided = 1000 x 2.011 = 20.11 cm > 11.183 cm
100 mm c/c
Hence Ok
Minimum steel requirement: ( As per Cl 305.19 of IRC 21 – 2000)
2
Min area of steel required (0.12%) = 0.12 x 25 x 100 = 300 = 3.00 cm
100 100
Distribution steel requirement: (As per clause 305.15.1 of IRC:21-2000)

Area of steel required = 0.3 x L.L_moment + 0.2 x D.L_moment
LL_Moment (Max. of LL) = 2.529 t-m

DL_Moment (Max. of DL) = 2.361 t-m
Area of steel required = 0.3 x LL + 0.2 x DL
For live load = 0.3 x 2.529 = 0.759 t-m
For dead load = 0.2 x 2.361 = 0.472 t-m
Total = 1.231 t-m
2
Area of steel required = 1.231 x 10^5 = 2.815 cm
2400 x 0.902 x 20.2
2
Area of each 8 mm dia bar 50.29 = 0.503 cm
Spacing required 0.503 x 100 = 17.869 cm

2.815
Spacing : 5 x effective depth = 5 x 20.2 = 101.000 cm
Spacing should not be more than 300mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c (B)
Area of Distribution steel provided = 3.3533 cm2 > 2.815 cm
2
Hence OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR :
Shear force due to DL = 2.227 t
Shear force due to LL = 4.824 t
Shear force due to LL with impact = 1.23 x 4.824 = 5.93
Max. shear force due to LL+DL V = 5.934 + 2.227 = 8.161 t
Actual shear stress, c= V / (b x d) = 8.161 x 1000 = 4.04 kg/Sqcm

20.2 x 100
As per Table:24 of IS.456-2000
Max. shear stress, cmax 30 = 2.50 N/ Sq.mm = 25.00 kg/Sq.cm
Hence Safe
Ast x 100 = 20.11 x 100 = 0.996 %

bd 100 x 20.2
As per Table:23 of IS .456-2000 Ast x 100/ b x d tc value

For steel 1.00 % 0.5 0.31
Grade concrete 30 0.75 0.37
0.25 0.06
Permissible Shear stress, tc value 0.429 N /Sq.mm

4.290 Kg/ Sq.Cm
4.04 Kg/sq.cm < 4.29 Kg/sq.cm
Hence OK
Shear force taken by concrete = 4.2904x100 x20.2
1000
= 8.667 t > 8.161 t
Hence OK
DESIGN OF SLAB PANEL :
DATA :
Overall Span = 15.00 m
c/c Spacing between longitudinal Girders 'b' = 2.750 m
c/c Spacing between cross Girders 'l' = 6.800 m
Size of panel ( b x l ) = 18.700 m2
Assuming thickness of slab t = 0.250 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.065 m
Width of longitudinal Girder = 0.625 m
Width of cross Girder = 0.400 m
Clear cover to bottom bars = 40 mm
Distance from edge to center of Bearing = 0.5 m
Expansion joint = 0.04 m
Grade of concrete = M30

Grade of Steel = Fe500
(As per clause 303.1 Table 9 IRC 21-2000)
Permissible Flexural Compressive stress = 10.00 MPa
Modular ratio (Es/Ec), m = 10
Permissible Tensile stress = 240 MPa
(As per clause 303.2.1 Table 6 IRC 21-1987)
K = 0.294
J = 0.902
Q = 13.265
Using Main Reinforcement of 16 mm dia bars

Effective depth Available = 250 - 40 - 8 = 202 mm 20.2 cm
= 0.202 m
Unit weight of Concrete
R.C.C. = 2.50 t/m 3
P.C.C . = 2.40 t/m 3
Effective Size of the panel:
Clear width of the panel (B) = 2.125 m

Clear length of the panel (L) = 6.400 m
(1). Dead load calculations:

i. Self weight of slab = 0.250 x 2.500
= 0.625 t/m 2
ii. Weight of wearing coat = 0.065 x 2.400

= 0.156 t/m 2
Total = i + ii = 0.781 t/m 2
i. Max. B.M. due to Dead Load :

Since, the slab is supported on all four sides and is continuous, Pigaud's curves will be used to get influence
co-efiicients to compute Moments.
Ratio (K) = Short Span / Long Span
K = 2.125
6.400
K = 0.332
1/K = 3.01
From Pigeaud's curves, m 1 = 0.035 & m2 = 0.0025
Total Dead weight = 0.781 x 2.125 x 6.400

= 10.622 t
Moment along short span = ( 0.035 + ( 0.150 x 0.003 )) x 10.622

= 0.376 t-m
Moment along long span = ( 0.003 + ( 0.150 x 0.035 )) x 10.622

= 0.082 t-m
ii. Live load B.M. due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle :
One of the tracked vehicle is placed symmetrically on the panel as shown in fig. below
Width of load spreadig along short span,
Size of one panel of deck slab = 2.125 m x 6.400 m
Cross Girder
0.625 Long. Girder
L= 6.400
0.400
2.750 0.85 B= 2.125
3.6
Long. Girder
6.800
2 2
u = 0.85 + 2 x 0.065 + 0.250
= 1.011 m
Similar width of load spreadig along long span,

2 2
v = 3.60 + 2 x 0.065 + 0.250
= 3.738 m limited to 6.400 m.
K = 2.125
6.400
= 0.3
u = 1.011
B 2.125
= 0.476
v = 6.400
L 6.400
= 1.000
Using Pigeaud's Curves,
m1 = 8.0 x 10 ^ -2
m2 = 0.65 x 10 ^ -2
Total load per track including Impact = 1.250 x 35.000

= 43.750 t
Effective load on span = 6.400 x 43.750

3.738
= 74.899 t
Moment along short span = ( 8.000 + ( 0.150 x 0.650 )) x 10 ^ -2 x 74.899

= 6.065 t-m
Moment along long span = ( 0.650 + ( 0.150 x 8.000 )) x 10 ^ -2 x 74.899

= 1.386 t-m
Note : The above computations assumed a simply supported condition along the four edges. In fact, the deck slab is
Continuous. To allow for continuity, the computed moments are multiplied by a factor of 0.80.
Actual Moment along short span = 0.800 x 6.065

= 4.852 t-m
Actual Moment along long span = 0.800 x 1.386

= 1.109 t-m
Design Moments :
Along Short Span = DL + LL = 0.376 + 4.852
= 5.228 t-m
Along Long Span = DL + LL = 0.082 + 1.109

= 1.191 t-m
iii.Check for Effective Depth:

MaximumBending Moment (M) = 5227.69507 kg-m
= 522769.507 kg-cm
Effe. depth required = sqrt( M / (Q*b)) Q= 13.265

b= 100
= SQRT(522769.507/ (100 x 11.046)
= 19.852 < 20.2 cm
Hence OK
iv. Calculation of Reinforcement along Short Span :
Area of steel required = M

t.j.d
Ast = 522769.5074
2400 x 0.902 x 20.2
= 11.955 cm 2
Provide 16 mm
Area of each bar = 2.01 sq.cm = 113.140 mm 2
Spacing required = 2.01 x 100 / 11.955 = 16.813 cm
Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c (C)
2
Area of steel provided = 2010.00 = 13.400 cm
150.00
Area of steel required = 11.955sq.cm < Area of steel provided =13.4 cm 2

Hence ok
v. Calculation of Reinforcement along Long Span :
Area of steel required = M

t.j.d
Ast 119082.2315
=
2400 x 0.902 x 20.2
= 2.723 cm 2
Provide 12 mm
Area of each bar = 1.13 sq.cm = 113.140 mm 2
Spacing required = 1.13 x 100 / 2.723 = 41.498 cm
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c (C)
2
Area of steel provided = 1130.00 = 7.533 cm
150.00
Area of steel required = 2.723sq.cm < Area of steel provided =7.533 cm 2

Hence ok
Check for Shear
width of tyre = 850 mm

Dispersion width in the direction of span = 0.85 + 2 (0.25+0.065) = 1.48 m
Max Shear force, the load placed at distance 1.48/ 2 = 0.74m from the edge of position second load
will be near the other beam
0.740
0.065 m W.C
0.250
2.125
0.63
0.40
Effective Width = K x (1-x/L)+bw ( Along road direction)

L = 2.125 m (clear span)
B= 6.800 m (clear span)
K =B/L 3.20
bw = 0.25 + 2 x 0.065 = 0.38

x = 0.74 m
From Table, 'k' for continuous slab is obtained as k = 2.60
Effective width of slab = 5.234 m
Total load per wheel = 35000 kgs
Load Per metre width of beam 35000/5.234 = 6687.047 Kg
Shear force = 6687.047x (2.125-0.74)/2.125 = 4358.381 Kg
S.F including Impact 1.25 x 4358.381 = 5447.976 Kg
Dead load of slab /meter = 0.625 t/m

Dead load of wearing coat /meter = 0.156 t/m
Total = 0.781 t/m
S.F due to Dead load W x L/2 = 0.781x2.75 = 0.830 t 829.8125 kgs

2
Total shear force(V) due to D.D+L.L 829.8125+5447.9 = 6277.7885 kgs
Nominal Shear stress = V = 6277.7885 = 0.031 kg /mm 2 = 0.31 N/mm 2

b*d 1000 x 202
Permissible shear stress
Ast provided = 13.4 Sq.cm
100 Ast /bd = 13.4x 100 / 100 x 20.2 0.663 %

Permissible shear stress tc is calculated from Table 23 of IS 456-2000
100Ast /(b d) M30

0.5 0.31
0.75 0.37
For 0.663 % of steel tc = 0.349 N/mm2 3.49 kg/cm2
As per IRC 21, 'k' for slab is as 1.1
19 N/sq.mm > 0.384 N/ sq.mm > 0.31 N/sq.mm
Hence o.k.
Shear taken by concrete = 0.349x1000 x202
1000
= 7.050 t > 6.278 t Hence OK
Unbalanced Shear = 6.278 - 7.0498 = .772
Sin 45 = 0.707
Shear taken by bent up bars = Per m tensile stress * Asv * d ( Sin ө + Cosө ) Cos 45 = 0.707
Sv
= (240 x113.14x202) 1.414

2 x150
= 2.585 t > 0.772 t Hence OK

Shear taken by bent up bars is higher than unbalanced shear force.
Hence no necessity to provide Shear reinforcement in any form
DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM
Design Data:
Over all Depth of beam (incl.slab) = 1.400 m
Assuming width of rib (w) = 0.625 m + 99.715 0.065 thk W.C
Clear span bet. Longi. Girders = 2.125 m
Total length of can. Portion = 1.638 m
0.25
slab thickness (t) = 0.250 m
Over all Span = 14.980 m
Clear span b/w Piers = 14.000 m 1.40
Thickness of Piers = 1.000 m
Clear cover = 40 mm 1.15
Assume Effective cover = 120.00 mm
Effective Depth = 1.2800 m
Eff. Span of Long. Girder (L) = 14.0000 m + 98.250
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.065 m 0.625
Thickness of haunch = 0.150 m
No. of Reinforcement layers = 3
Clear cover for specified layers of bars = 32 mm
No. of cross beams = 3 Nos.
Width of cross beam = 0.300 m
Depth of cross beam = 0.950 m
Dia. of Spacer bars = 25 mm
Grade of concrete = M 35
Weight of R.C.C = 2.50 t/m3
Weight of P.C.C = 2.40 t/m3
Permissible Flexural compr. strength = 11.50 MPa

Modular Ratio (Es/Ec), m = 10.0
Permissible Tensile stress in steel = 240.0 MPa
(As per clause 303.2.1 table 7 of IRC:21-2000)
1. Calculation of Design constants
K = 0.294
J = 0.902
Q = 13.265
2. Calculation of Loads
a. Dead Load
Dead Load from Cantilever Portion (inc. WC, Kerb,Railing) = 2.227 t/m
Self Weight of panel slab = 1.6875x0.25x2.5 = 1.055 t/m
Weight of wearing coat = 1.6875x0.065x2.4 = 0.263 t/m
Self weight of beam = 1.15x0.625x2.5 = 1.797 t/m
Weight of cross beam = ((3x1.0625x0.3x0.95)/14)x2.5= 0.162 t/m
Total = 5.504 t/m
b. Calcualtion of B.M. and S.F.

5.504x14x14
Bending Moment =
8
Effective width of panel
= 134.848 t-m Half the panel width (2.125 / 2) + 0.625 = 1.69
(lo/12) + bw + Df 2.125+0.625+ 3 x0 = 1.55
5.504x14
Shear Force =
2
= 38.528 t
c. Live Load BM & SFCalcualtions
For Class - A Loading,
W = 500 mm i.e 0.5 m
B = 250 mm i.e 0.25 m
The load transferred to the beam will be max. when one row of train is positioned near kerb.
The position of train loads for producing the severe effect on the beam is as shown in fig. below.
C.G. of loads
C.L. of Bridge
0.950
w w
0.400 1.8 1.550
0.9 1.075
-0.6
0.688 1.375 -0.175 1.375
1.638 0.63 2.13 0.63 1.638
1.950 2.75 1.950
A B
Calculation of LL Distribution Factors using Courbon's Method :
R= P*I 1+ ΣI * e *x
ΣI ΣI * x2
where
P = Total Live Load = 2 w
ΣI = M.I. of Girder = 3 I
e = Eccentricity of LL = 1.075 m
x = Distance of girder from Bridge Axis 1.375 m
Let us asume all the girders having same Moment of Inertia
Σ I x2 = 3.78125
RA = RB = 1.449 w
The beam is subjected to1.449/2 = 0.7245 times of axle load, multipling the given axle load by 0.7245 we get following load
system to be considered for Design of T- Beam.
IRC Class - A Train of loading :
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

1.1 3.2 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00
Note: In the longitudinal direction, First Five loads can accommodate on the span.
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8

1.1 3.2 1.20 4.30
A
Taking Moments about 'A' :

C.G. of loads = 181.33
35.0
= 5.181 m
Case - I : For Maximum B.M., the resultant of the load system and the load under consideration should be
equidistant from the center of the span
C.G. of Loads
C.G. of Girder
2.700 2.700 11.400 11.400 6.800

2.410 1.1 3.20 1.20 4.30 1.790
A 0.910 0.910 B
7.000 7.000
RA 14.000 RB
Taking Moments about 'A':

RB = 265.665
14.000
= 18.976 t
RA = 35.000 - 18.976
= 16.024 t
Moment
S.No. Load Distance of load from 'A'
under loads
1 2.700 2.410 38.611
1 2.700 3.510 53.267
2 11.400 6.710 91.532
3 At Centre 7.000 87.038
4 11.400 7.910 86.332
5 6.800 12.210 33.975
Case - II : One of the wheel load on Cente of Span
C.L. of Girder
2.700 2.700 11.400 11.400 6.800

1.1 3.20 1.20 4.30 2.700
1.500
A B
7.000 7.000
RA 14.000 RB

RB = 233.830
14.000
= 16.702 t
RA = 35.000 - 16.702
= 18.298 t
Moment
S.No. Load Distance of load from 'A'
under loads
1 2.700 1.500 27.447
1 2.700 2.600 44.604
2 11.400 5.800 85.878
3 11.400 7.000 87.675
4 6.800 11.300 45.096
Note: Design Moment is Max. of above 2 Cases.

Desgn Moment = 91.532 t-m
Impact factor = 4.5

6+L
= 0.230
BM Due to L.L including Impact Factor = 91.532 x 1.230 x 0.725
= 81.568 t-m
Total B.M Due to D.L. & L. L = 134.848 + 81.568

= 216.416 t-m
216.416 x 10^5
Required Area of steel =
2400 x 0.902 x 128
= 78.102 cm2
Provide 32 mm dia. bars of 12.00 nos in 3 layers (E)

Area of each bar = 804.571 mm 2 i.e 8 cm2
78.102
No. of bars =
8.046
= 9.71
or say 12.0 No's.
Provided Area of Steel = 12.00 x 8.046
= 96.552 cm2
Hence OK
As per SP- 34. Clause 8.5
Compression reinforcement should be of minimum of 2 bars or 35% of Designed Tension Reinforcement.
i.e Provide 32 dia bars of 4 nos as top reinforcement (E1)
c. Checking of Stresses in Beam

The beam is designed as a T- beam
As per clause 305.12.2 of IRC bridge code - lll, Flange width is Minimum of the following.
i. 1/4 of Eff. Span of T-beam = 14 / 4 = 3.50 m
ii. Breadth of rib + 12 times thickness of slab = 0.625 + 12 x 0.25 = 3.625 m
iii. Distance between c/c of ribs = 2.125 + 0.625 = 2.75 m
iii. Available flange width = 1.6375+0.625+1.0625 = 3.325 m
Flange width = (Minimum of the above) = 2.750 m
Effective depth provided = 1.280 m
Lever arm =de – df / 2 (Eff. Depth - Flange slab)Depth/2
= 1.28 - 0.25/2
= 1.155 m
Using 25 mm dia. Bars& with clear cover of 40 mm
Effective depth of the longitudinal girder = 1.280 m
bf = 2.75
df = 0.25
D = 1.4
de = 1.28
bw = 0.625
Assuming the N.A to lie in the web

b f x d f (k - d f / 2 ) = m Ast (d e - k )
275x25x( k -25/2)= 10x96.552 x(128- k)
6875 k - 85937.5 = 123586.56 - 965.52 k
7840.52 k = 209524.06
k = 26.723 cm
The line of action of resultant compression is situated at a depth of y from the compression edge.
y = ( 3*x - 2 * df ) df
( 2*x - df ) 3
( 3 x 26.723- 2 x 25) x 25
=
( 2 x26.723- 25) 3
30.169 x 25
=
28.446 3
y = 8.838 cm
Lever Arm = de - y
= 128 - 8.838
= 119.162 cm
Actual stress in steel = M / (LA * Ast)
216.416 x10 ^5
=
119.162 x 96.552
Actual stress in steel = 1881.007 kg/cm2 < 2400 kg/cm2

Safe
Actual stress in Concrete k * st

=
m * ( de - k )
26.723 x 1881.007
=
10 x (128 - 26.723)
50266.15006
=
1012.77
Actual stress in Concrete = 49.632 kg/cm2 < 115 kg/cm2

Safe
3. Check for Shear
For Max. Shear, one of the wheel load is placed directly on the support.
Centre of Girder
2.700 2.700 11.4 11.4 6.8
1.1 3.2 1.20 4.30
A 1.500 B
7.000 7.000
RA 14.000 RB

181.33
RB =
14.000
= 12.952 t
RA = 35.000 - 12.952
= 22.048 t
Max. Reaction = 22.048 t
Impact factor = 1.230
Shear Force with impact = 1.230 x 22.048

= 27.119 t
Shear Force due to DL = 38.528 t
Max. Shear Force due to DL & LL = 27.119 + 38.528

= 65.647 t
Nominal Shear stress (v) = V/bd = 65.647 x 1000.000

625.000 x 1280.000
= 0.082 kg/cm2
= 0.821 N/mm2
As per Table 12A of IRC bridge code 21-2000

Max Shear stress for M 35 = 2.300 N/mm2
= 0.230 kg/cm2
0.821 < 2.3 Safe
Permissible shear stress :
% of Steel = 100 * Ast
b *d
= 100 x 9655.200
625.000 x 1280.000
= 1.207 %
Ref: Table 12B of IRC -21-2000
% of steel c
1.000 0.41
1.25 0.45
2
For 1.207 % of steel c = 0.443 N/mm
= 4.43 kg/cm2
1.9 N/mm2 > 0.443 < 0.821 N/mm2
Shear Check Needed
a. Shear reinforcement by Bent up bars:
Four bars are cranked up (top row) which is also acts as shear reinforcement
Shear resistance of 4 bent up bars of 32 mm dia. (G)
V1 = sv * Asv * sin 45o
= 240 x 804.571 x 0.707 x 4
= 546078.429 N
= 54.608 t
All through 4 nos 32 dia bent up bars are effective in resisting shear yet as per code their
contribution towards shear resistance has to be restricted to half the total shear at support.
50% of the total shear = 65.647

2
= 32.824 t
Shear taken by bent up bars(Max. of above) = 54.608 t
Spacing of the bent up bars = 2 x L.A
= 2 x 119.162
= 168.521 cm
= 1685.205 mm
b. Shear reinforcement by vertical stirrups:
Shear taken by bent up bars = 54.608 t
Shear taken by concrete alone = 49.632 x0.625 x 1.4

= 43.428 t
Balance shear = Total Shear – Shear taken by bent up bars – Shear taken by concrete
= 65.647 -54.608 -43.428 = -32.389 t
Shear taken by concrete + Shear taken by bent up bars will take care of shear. However it is recommended
to provided 12mm dia 2 legged stirrups.
Provide 12 mm Dia bars of 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups

Area of each bar = 113.143 Sq.mm I.e 1.13143 cm2
Spacing = Aw x fs x d
Balance shear
2 x 1.13143 x 2000 x 128

=
-32.389 x1000
695150.6
=
32389
= 21.46 Cm
Provide 12 mm dia bars of 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups @ 200 mm c/c (F)
c. Side face reinforcement:

As per Clause 26.5.1.3 of IS456-200
Since the depth of web 1150 > 750 side face reinforcement is required
Area of Side face reinforcement = 0.10% of web area & spacing.
= 0.10% x 62.5 x 100
= 6.25 cm2
Using 12 mm dia.
Area of each bar = 113.143 mm 2
= 1.13143 cm2
6.25
No. of bars =
1.13143
= 5.524 No's.
or say 12 No's.
Spacing obtained = 1150/ 12
= 95.8333 mm < 300 mm
However provide 12 No's of 12 mm on each side face (H)

DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE CROSS BEAM
DATA:
Clear Span of Cross Girder = 2.125 m
Eff .Span of Cross Girder = 2.525 m
Spacing b/w Cross Beam = 6.800 m
Effective length of panel = 6.800 m
Over all depth of Intermediate Beam = 1.200 m
Assuming width of Intermediate Beam = 0.400 m
Depth of Cross Girder (excl. Slab th. ) = 0.950 m
Width of Longitudinal Beam = 0.625 m
Thickness of Slab = 0.250 m
Thickness of W.C = 0.065 m
3
Density of RCC = 2.500 t/m
3
Density of PCC = 2.400 t/m
Clear Cover for bottom bars = 40 mm
2
Permissible Flexural Comp. Strength ( C ) = 10.00 N/mm
2
= 100.00 kg/cm
Modular Ratio (Es/Ec), m = 10
2
Permissible Tensile stress in steel Fe415 = 2400 kg/cm
(As per Clause 303.2.1 Table 7 of IRC:21-2000)
k = 0.294
j = 0.902
Q = 13.265
DEAD LOAD CALCULATIONS:
C.L. of Cross Girder C.L. of Cross Girder C.L. of Cross Girder C.L. of Cross Girder
C.L. Main
45 0 Girder
400 400 400

2125
C.L. Main
Girder
6800 6800 6800
Two cross beams at ends and one at centre are provided to reduce the deflection and to increase
the ultimate load capacity.
The Dead weight of slab and wearing coat will be between the cross beams and the longitudinal
girders in accordance with the trapezoidal distribution of loads on the panel as shown above.
( i ) Weight of rib of cross girder = 0.4x0.95x2500= 950.00 kg
(ii) Dead load of slab = 0.25x2500 = 625.00 kg/m

(iii) Dead load of W.C. = 0.065x2400 = 156.00 kg/m
Total 781.00 kg/m
Each cross girder will receive triangular load from deck slab panel on one side.
. . Load from deck slabs = 2 x 781 x ( 1/2 x 2.525x1.2625)
= 2489.682 Kg/m
This load will be uniformly distributed over a length of 2.525 m
. . Load/ m run due to deck slab = 2489.682 / 2.525 = 986.013 kg
. . Total dead load W = 950 +986.013 1936.01 kgs i.e. 1.936 t
Reaction along each girder 1936.013 x 2.525 /2 = 2444.216 kg 2.444 t
2
B.M.due to U.D. L wxl 1936.013x2.525x2.525
=
8 8
= 1542.912 kg-m
= 1.543 t-m
ii) B.M due to Live Load:
Total Live load Reaction of Long. Girder = 35000 kg

= 35.000 t
Case - 1 :- Keeping the load Symmetrically from Centre of Main Girders
35 t 35 t
0.238 2.05 0.238
A B
2.525

RA = RB = 35.000 t
B.M. at Centre = 35 x 1.2625 - 35x 1.025

= 44.1875 - 35.875
= 8.31 t-m
Case - 2:- When One load is on panel slab and another load on near cantilever portion
35 35
0.7625 2.05 0.40
A 1.550 -0.288 B
0.688 1.2625 1.2625 0.688
C.L. of girder
Taking moment about 'A' :
RB = 49.555 t
RA = 20.445 t
B.M. at Centre = 49.555 x 1.2625 - 35x 1.55

= 8.31 t-m
CASE 3:-- C.G. of loads and one of the of the wheel load is at Equidistant from centre :-
35 35
2.1
C,G. of loads = 73.500

70
= 1.05 m
C.G. of loads
C.G. of Girder
35 35
-0.3125 1.05 0.525 0.525 0.7
A C D B
1.2625 1.2625

RB = 20.446 t
RA = 49.554 t
Moment at Distance of load from left Moment

C -0.3125 -15.486
Centre 1.2625 7.437
D 1.7875 15.079
Max. B.M. = 15.079 t-m
CASE 4:-- One of the wheel load at centre of span
35
A B
1.2625 1.2625
RA = RB = 17.500 t
B.M. at Centre = 22.094 t
Note : Design B.M. is Max. of above 4 cases.
Design B.M. = 22.094 t -m
Impact factor = 4.5/ (6+L) = 0.500
B.M due to impact = 1.500 x 22.094

= 33.141 t -m
B.M Due to Live Load + Dead load = 33.141 + 1.543

= 34.684 t-m
Assuming 25 mm dia. bars as Main reinforcement.
Effective depth = 1200-40-12.5

= 1147.500 mm i.e 1.148 m
Lever Arm = 1147.5-(250/2) = 1022.5 mm i.e 1.023 m
Area of steel required = M / st x j x d = 3468353.7

2400 x 114.75x0.902
2
= 13.96 cm
Provide 25 mm dia. bars
2
Area of each bar = 4.909 cm
No. of bars = 13.962

4.909
= 2.8
or say 6.0
Provide 6.0 bars of 25 mm mm dia.
2
Provided Area of steel = 29.453 cm (I)
As per IRC:21-1987, Cl 305.16

Min. Aea of steel = 0.20% bf * de
= 0.2% x 40 x 102.25
2
= 8.18 cm < 29.453sq.cm
Hence OK
Checking for Stresses:
Flange width is taken as minimum of the following:-

bf = (l0/6)+(bw)+(6Df) = (6.8 /6 ) +(0.4 ) + ( 6 x 0.25)
= 3.033 m
= 303.333 cm
bf= bw + (sum of clear distances to adjacent beams on either side)/2

= 0.4 + (6.8/ 2 ) = 3.800 m
= 380.000 cm
Flange width is Minimum of above 2.
Hence, bf = 303.330 cm
Assuming N.A to lie in the flange
bf * n 2 / 2 = m * Ast * (d -n)
2
303.33 x n 10 x 29.453 x ( 114.75 - n)
=
2
2
303.330 x n 589.06 * (114.75- n)
303.33 + 589.06* n -67594.635 = 0

303.33n^2 - 589.06n + 67594.635 = 0
n = -589.06 + -589.06^2 - -82013922.5382

2 x 303.33
n = -589.060 + 9075.291
606.660
n 1= 13.988 cm
n 2= -15.93 cm
Exact lever arm ( a ) = d - n/3

a = 114.75 - 13.988/ 3
= 110.087 cm
Stress in steel (st) = M / (a * Ast)
34683.537 x 100
=
110.087 x 29.453
2
= 1069.690 < 2400 kg/cm
Hence OK
Stress in concrete (cc) = st * n
m * (d-n)
= 1069.69 13.988
x
10.00 100.762
2
= 14.850 < 100 kg/cm
Hence OK
Check for Shear :
35.00 35.00
1.80 0.73
A B
2.53

RB = 24.950 t
RA = 45.050 t
i. Shear force with Impact = 1.500 x 45.050

= 67.574 t
ii. Shear force Due to D.L. = 2.444 t
Total = i + ii = 70.019 t
Nominal Shear Stress = 70.019 x 1000.0

40 114.75
2
= 15.255 kg/cm
As per IRC:21-1987, Table 12A of Cl.304.7.1.2

2
Max Shear stress = 2.200 N/mm
2
= 22.000 kg/cm
Hence OK
Permissible shear stress (  c ) :
% of steel = 100 Ast /bd = 2945.300

4590
= 0.642 %
Ref: Table 23 of IS 456-2000
% of Steel c
0.5 0.31
0.75 0.37
2
For 0.642 % of steel c = 0.344 N/mm
2
= 3.440 kg/cm
Shear Check Needed

Shear taken by concrete = 3.440 x 40 x 114.75
1000
= 15.790 t
Balance Shear = 70.019 - 15.790

= 54.229 t
Provide 12 mm dia. bars of 2 legged Vertical Stirrups

2
Area of each bar = 113.143 mm
2
= 1.130 cm
Spacing = Aw * fs * d
Balance shear
= 2x 1.13 x 2400 x 114.75

54.229 x1000
= 518670.0
54229.4
= 9.564 cm
or say 90.0 mm
Provide 12 mm dia. bars of 2 legged Vertical Stirrups @ 90.0 mm c/c. (J)
Side face reinforcement: (As per Clause 26.5.1.3 of IS456-200)
Since depth of beam, 1200 > 750 side face reinforcement is required
Area of steel = 0.10% of web area
= 0.10% x 40 x 100
2
= 4.00 cm
Provide 16 mm dia. bars
2 2
Area of each bar = 201.143 cm or 2.01143 cm
No. of bars = 4.00

2.011
= 2.0
or say 5
Spacing of bars = 950/ 5
= 190 < 300 mm
Hence, Provide 5 Nos. of 16 mm dia. on each side face. (K)

DESIGN OF END CROSS BEAM
DATA:
C/C Span of Cross Girder = 2.750 m
Eff. Span of Cross Girder = 2.525 m
Spacing b/w Cross Beam = 6.800 m
Effective length of panel = 6.800 m
Over all thickness of beam = 1.200 m
Assuming width of Intermediate Beam = 0.400 m
Depth of Cross Girder (exci. Slab th. ) = 0.950 m
Width of Cross Beam = 0.625 m
Depth of Slab = 0.250 m
Thickness of W.C = 0.065 m
Density of RCC = 2.500 t/m3
3
Density of PCC = 2.400 t/m
Clear Cover for bottom bars = 40 mm
Clear Cover for beam top bars = 50 mm
2
Permissible Flexural Compressive Strength (cbc) = 10.00 N/mm
2
= 100.00 kg/cm
Modular Ratio (Es/Ec), m = 10
2
Permissible Tensile stress in steel = 240 N/mm
2
= 2400 N/mm
(As per Clause 303.2.1 Table 7 of IRC:21-2000)
k = 0.294
j = 0.902
Q = 13.265
1. DEAD LOAD CALCULATIONS:
45 0
400 2750
6800 6800 6800
Two Cross Beams at ends and one at center are provided to reduce the deflection and to increase
the ultimate load capacity.
The Dead wt. of slab and wearing coat will be between the cross beams and the longitudinal
girders in accordance with the trapezoidal distribution of loads on the panel as shown above.
(i ) Dead load of rib = 0.4x0.95x2500 = 950 kg/m
(ii) Dead load of slab = 0.25x2500 = 625 kg/m

(iii) Dead load of WC = 0.065x2400 = 156 kg/m
Total = 781 kg/m
Each cross girder will receive triangular load from deck slab panel on one side.
Load from deck slab = 781x( 1/2 x 2.525x1.2625)
= 1244.841 kg/m
This load will be uniformly distributed over a length of = 2.525 m

Load/ m run due to deck slab = 493.006 kg/m
Total dead load on girder = 1443.006 kg/m

= 1.443 t/m
Reaction on girder = 1443.006 x 2.525/2
= 1821.795 kg
= 1.822 t
BM Due to U.D. L = wxlx l = 1443.006x2.525x2.525

8 8
= 1150.008 kg-m
= 1.150 t-m
Total dead Load Reaction of Longitudinal Girder = 38.528 t

= 38528.000 kg
LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS

Keeping the load Symmetrically
0.400 m position of Jacks( for Lifting) from the end.
38.528 1.443 38.528

2.525
0.400 1.725
A B
`
B.M@ center = 38.528x1.2625-38.528x0.8625+(1.443x1.2625x0.63125)

= 16.56 t-m
Impact factor = 0.230
B.M due to impact = BM x IF = 16.56 x 1.230 = 20.369 t -m

B.M Due to Live Load+Dead load = 20.369+1.15 = 21.519 t-m
Assuming 20 mm dia as Main reinforcement
Effective depth = 1200 - 40 - 10 - 50 = 1100 mm i.e 1.1 m
Lever Arm = 1100 - ( 250 / 2) = 975 mm i.e 0.975 m
Area of steel required = M / st d'
2
= 2151880.8 = 11.035 cm
2400 x 97.5
2
Provide 20 mm dia bars 3 Nos = 9.429 cm (L)
+
2
Provide 16 mm dia bars 3 Nos = 6.034 cm (L')
2
Toal = 15.463 cm OK
As per IRC:21-1987 Cl 305.16
Min. steel to be provided = 0.20% bf x de
2
= 0.2% x 40x110 = 7.8 cm < 15.463
OK
Check for maximum stresses:
Flange width is taken min. of the following:-

bf= (l0/6)+(bw)+(6Df)
= (6.8 /6 ) +(0.625 ) + ( 6 x 0.25) = 3.258 m say 325.830 cm
bf= bw+(sum of clear distances to adjacent beams on either side)/2

= 0.625 + (6.8/ 2 ) = 4.025 m say 402.500 cm
Hence, bf = 325.83 cm
Assuming N.A to lie in the flange
2
bn / 2 = m Ast (d - n)
2
325.83 x n ^ = 10 x 15.463 x ( 110 - n)
2
325.83x n ^2 = 309.26(110- n)
325.83x n ^2 =+309.26n -34018.6 = 0

325.83x2 + 309.26 x - 34018.6
n = -341.94 + 341.94^2-4*249.42*24004.188
2 x 325.83
n = -341.94 + 6665.791
651.66
X 1= 9.704 cm
X 2= -10.754 cm
Exact lever arm = d - x/3

a= 110 - 9.704/ 3 = 106.765 cm
Stress in steel = M / a x Ast
2
16560 x100 = 1003.085 kg/cm
106.765x15.463 < 2400 OK
Stress in concrete = st X n

mm d-n
2
1003.085 x 9.704 = 9.705 kg/cm
10 100.296 <100 OK
Shear Force due to longitudinal beam = 38.528

Shear force due to self. Weight = 1.822
Total = 40.35 t
How ever 50% is considered for the shear .
50% x 40.35 = 20.175 t
Nominal shear at end = 20.175 x 1000 = 4.585 kg/Sq.cm

40 x 110
As per IRC:21-1987 table 12A clause 304.7.1.2

2 2
Max Shear stress for M :30 2.2 N/.mm 22 kg/cm
4.585 < 22 Hence OK
Permissible shear stress
A.st provided = 7.7315 Sq.cm
100 Ast / bd = 1546.3
4400
= 0.351 %
Permissible shear stress tc is calculated from Table 23 of IS 456-2000

As per IRC:21-2000 table 12B
100 Ast / (b d) = 0.351 %

100Ast /(b d) M30
0.25 0.23
0.50 0.31
For 0.351 % of steel 0.262 N/mm2
2 2
Allowable shear stress tc = 2.62 kg/cm < 4.585 kg/cm
2
< 19 Kg/cm
Shear Check Needed
Shear taken by concrete =
= 2.62 x 32 x 110 = 9.223 t
1000
Balancing shear = 20.175 - 9.223 = 10.952 t
Provide 12 mm Dia bars of 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups

Area of each = 113.143 Sq.mm = 1.13143 Sq.cm
Spacing = Aw x fs x d = 2x1.13143x2400x110
Balance shear 10.952 x1000
= 497829.2 = 45.456 cm
10952
Provide 16 mm Dia bars of 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups 300 mm c/c (M)
Side face reinforcement: As per Clause 26.5.1.3 of IS456-2000
Since the depth of web 950 > 750 side face reinforcement is required
Area = 0.10% of web area and spacing > 300 mm of thickness of web
which ever is less
2
= 0.10% x 40 X 100 = 4.00 cm
2 = 2
Using 12 mm dia bar area of each 113.143 mm 1.13143 cm
No of bars = 4.00 = 3.535 nos; say 4

1.13143
Spacing of bars = 950/ 4 = 237.5 mm < 300 mm
How ever provide 5 no.s of 12 mm dia on each side face (N)

DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS :
DETAILS OF ELASTOMERIC BEARING :

Elastomeric bearing are provided under the beam
No of Bearings on each end of Beam = 1.0
Effective span of beam = 14.00 m
Over all length of Deck slab = 14.98 m
Width of beam = 0.63 m
Depth of beam at face of end block = 1.400 m
Deapth of beam at mid Span = 1.400 m
Height of hand rail = 1.13 m
Crest level of Spillway = + 99.715 m
Level of Bottom Soffit = + 98.250 m
Top of parapet = + 101.065 m
Over all Depth of beam = 1.40 m
C/C of Bearing in Transverse direction = 2.75 m
Load due to Self Weight 38.528 x 2 = 77.056 t
Live load of Span 27.119 x 2 = 54.238 t
131.294 t
(Table Appendix -I of I.R.C :83 (Part -II)-1987)
Max.Vertical load on Bearing Nmax = 150.00 t
MIn.Vertical load on Bearing Nmin = 30.00 t Hence Ok
ELASTOMERIC BEARING DETAILS

It proposed that Adopted size of = 500 x 320 mm
(Table Appendix -I of I.R.C :83 (Part -II)-1987)
bo =Shorter Dimension of Bearing 320 mm
lo -Longer Dimension of Bearing 500 mm
hi = Thickness of individal elastomer layer 12
n = Total no of individal elastomer layer 4
hs = Thickness of individual steel laminates 4
he =Top & Bottom cover of bearing 5
C =Side cover of bearing 6
ho = Total Height of bearing

= 4 x 12 + 2 x 6 + 5 x 4
= 80.00 mm 0.08 m
h = Total Elastomer thickness = nhi + 2 he
= 4 x 12 + 2 x 6
= 60.00 mm Ok
Size of Pedestal 700 x 520 x 150 mm
0.15 m
Check for Size of Bearing :
a) lo/bo<=2
= 500 / 320
= 1.563 < 2
b) ho <= lo / 5 > = bo /10
= 500 / 5
= 100 mm
= 320 / 10
= 32 mm 80mm<lo/5>bo/10
c) Shape of Factor S > 6 < = 12
S= lxb
2hi(a+b)
Where l = lo-2c= 500 - 2 x 6 = 488.00 mm
b= bo-2c= 320 - 2 x 6 = 308.00 mm
S= 488x308 7.868
2x 12 x ( 488 + 308)
7.868 > 6 < 12 Hence Ok

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS
Actual bearing stress = Load
Area
Load = 131.294
Area = 488 x 308.00 = 150304.00 = 0.150 Sq.mts
Actual bearing stress = 131.294 / 0.15

= 875.293 t/Sq.m
Allowable bearing Stress
c = A1 x c c
A2
Where = A1 is limited to 2 if greater than 2

A2
A1= 700 x 520 = 364000.00
A2= 488 x 308 = 150304.00
as per Clause 303.1 of table 9 IRC 21-2000 for M 25 6.25 Mpa
364000 = 1.556 <2

150304
Limited to = 1.556x6.25 = 9.725 N/Sq.mm
For M25 grade concrete = 972.5 t/sq.m > 875.293 t/sq.m

CHECK FOR TRANSLATION
As per clause no 916.3.4 of IRC -83 (partII)-1987)
d <=0.70 Where d = id^2+ bd^2
d = bd + md
h
For Horizontal force in Longitudinal direction
 md =H/A
H= Horizontal force on Bearing
A=l b -effective plan of bearing (excluding cover ) common that of laminated
Horizontal load due to breaking force

H1 = 10% of x 54.238 /2= 2.7119 t
Horizontal load due to seismic force on superstructure
H1 = 1% of x 77.056 /2= 0.38528 t
Resultant H =
2 2
2.7119 + 0.38528 = 2.739 t
A= 488 x 308 = 150304.00 Sq.mm = 1503.04 Sq.cm

H per bearing
2739 = 1.82 Kg/Sq.cm = 0.1822 Mpa
md =
1503.04
 bd = Longitudinal translation due to creep ,shrinkage and temperature

(As per Clause no 916.3.4 of I.R.C 83 (part II)-1987
-4
= 5 x 10 x 14 / 2 = 0.004 m = 3.5 mm
d= 3.5 = 0.04375 + 0.18

80
= 0.22595 Mpa < 0.700
For Force in Transverse direction
WIND LOAD REACTION
Road top level = +99.715 m
Crest level = +99.715 m
Longi. Beam bottom level = +98.250 m
Avg .Height of Pieer from Crest level = -1.400 m
As per IRC 6 : 2000 wind force page no 24
Height Velocity Pressure

8 113 82.00
10 118 91
For = -1.400 m
X= (91-82)(-1.4-8) +82
10-8
= 39.7 Kg/Sq.Cm
Y= (118-113)(10-8) +113
10-8
= 89.5 Km/h < 130 kmph
As per caluse 212.5 of IRC 6-2000, If Wind Velocity is less than 130 kmph live load is considered.
Live load is to be considered
Case :1
Exposed Area of beam Vide Cl 212.6 of I.R.C 6-2000)
= 14.98 x 1.4 = 20.972
Wind force on Beam = 39.7 x 20.97 = 832.588 Kg
Wind force per Linear meter on unloaded area

832.5884 / 14.98 = 55.58 KG/m
Wind load of 300 Kg/m on exposed moving vehicle live load
(For ordinary High way bridges)
Wind force due to L. Load = 300 x 14.98 = 4494 Kg
5326.59 Kg
Total wind force per meter loaded length= 55.58+300 = 355.58 < 450 Kg/m
So consider = 450 Kg/m
Case 2: as per clause 212.7 of IRC 6-2000

Wind force on beam =
240 x 15.0 x 1.4 = 5033.3
> 5326.59 Kg
Design wind force = 5033.28 Kg = 5.033 t
Horizontal force bearing = 5.033 = 1.258 t

2 x2
1258 = 1258 = 0.786 Kg/Sq.m

50x32 1600
= 0.079 Mpa
 ld = H xho Where G:Shear modulus = 8 Kg/Sq.cm

G xA
1258 x 80 = 10064
8x 1600 12800
= 0.786 Cm
 ld = ld + md
h
0.786 + 0.1822 = 0.31 Mpa
6
2
d = 0.22595
2
+ 0.313 = = 0.386
d = 0.386 < 0.7 Hence ok

Vide cl.916.3(4) of I.R.C :83(part II)-1987)
CHECK FOR ROTATION :-
(As per Clause :916.3.5 of I.R.C -83 (part II)-1987
 d <= x n x bi max
Wherw  d= bd
Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 30 = 31220.186 N/Sq.mm

Ec = 3122018.6 T/Sq.m
For Dead -load ,Ec /2 = 1561009.30 T/Sq.m
For Live load =E=Ec = 3122018.60 T/Sq.m
I= Moment of Inertia of beam = 625 x 1400 3
12
4
= 1.42917E+11 = 0.1429167 m
L =Total length of beam = 14.98 m
Dead load moment = 134.848 tm
Live load moment = 91.532 tm
3
 bd = 0.000 x 10 d
 bd = 400 xM max x L x 10.-3
(ExI )
= 134653.316 t/m2
= 0.1347 t/mm2
Ec 5700x Fck ^0.50

28500.00 m/mm
For d.load Ec /2 14250
For L load = Ec =E 28500.0
Where  =  m /10 Wide clause.914 .0f IRC 83 (part II 1987)
m = V min
Area
= 77056
48.80 x 30.800
= 51.26677 Kg /Sq.cm
= 5.12668 Mpa
 = m /10 = 0.513
= V max
Area
= 131294
48.80 x 30.800
= 87.3523 Kg /Sq.cm
= 8.7352 Mpa
 = m /10 = 0.874
 bi max = 0.5 x  m x hi
bx s2
Where m = 10 Mpa = 100 Kg/ Sq.cm
0.5 x 100.00 x 1.20
30.80 x 6.191
60.00 = 0.05 Kg /Sq.cm

=
1180.343
 bi max = 0.005 Mpa
d <= x n x bi max wide Cl.916.3.5(1) of IRC 83 II 1987
d = 0.513x 4x 0.00508 = 0.0104 Mpa

= 10.4242 t/mm^2
d = 0.1347 <= bi max 10.4242
CHECK FOR FRICTION :--

As per Clause 916.3.6 of IRC 83 (part II 1987)
 d <= 0.2 + 0.1 x  m
d= 0.386 (calculated at case 2)
 max = 131.294 x 1000 131294

=
30.8 x 48.80 1503.04
2
= 87.352 Kg /cm
= 8.7352 Mpa < 10 Mpa
Hence Safe
 min = 30.00 x 1000 30000

=
30.8 x 48.80 1503.04
= 19.96 Kg /SQ.cm
= 1.996 Mpa >2 Mpa
Hence Safe
As per clause 916.3.6 of I.R.C .83(part II) 1987
= 0.2 + 0.10 x m
= 0.2 + 0.1 x 8.7352
= 1.07352
d = 1.07352 > 0.386 Mpa
Hence Ok
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS :---
As per clause 916.3.7 of I.R.C .83(part II) 1987
c +  +  <=5 Mpa
Where
c = 1.5 x  m
S
= 1.5 x 8.7352
6.1905
c = 2.117 Mpa
  d = 0.386 Mpa
 0.5 x (b/hi)^2 x bi

 bi = 0.005 Mpa
2
= 0.5 x 25.67 x 0.005
= 1.674 Mpa
c +  +  2.117+0.386+1.674 = 4.177 Mpa
4.177 < 5.000 Mpa Hence Ok
CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD OVER BRIDGE AT SIVAGIRI.
Road Level
1.730m RL99.715
BOD RL97.985
2.030m
BOB
300 RL97.685
0.300m
0.400m
0.200m
2.015m
3.745m
HFL
RL 97.920
5.245m
m
1.715m
m
a Sill level
RL 95.970
0.000m
0.90m
HEEL SIDE TOE SIDE Scour level
RL 95.970
Top of Footing
0.15 0 0.15 RL95.970
b
0.65
0.65
1.500m
FDN
RL94.470
0.85
0.85
2.85m 1.200m 1.60m

5.650m
CROSS SECTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION AT ABUTMENT LOCATION

"All Dimensions and Levels are in meters"
CROSS SECTIONAL DETAILS OF CRASH BARRIER AND BRACKET
50 175 50 175 0
500
1125
250
375
450
Consider 1m length of crash barrier

b d Area Cg @ toe Moment
Sl.no Describtion
mm mm mm2 mm mm3
1 Crash barrier
0.50 50 1125 28125 417 11718750
175 1125 196875 313 61523438
0.50 50 500 12500 208 2604167
50 625 31250 200 6250000
0.50 175 250 21875 117 2552083
175 375 65625 88 5742188
0.50 0 375 0 450 0
Total 356250 90390625
cg @ toe of crash barrier = 90390625 / 356250 = 254 mm
cg @ heel of crash barrier = 450 - 254 = 196 mm
weight of crashbarrier and bracket = 356250 x 25 = 8.906 kN/m

1000000
DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT
DATA:-
1.Geometric data :
Number of Span = 1
Roadway of the Bridge = 9.400m
Carriageway of the Bridge = 7.000m
Width of footpath/Safety Kerb = 0.750m
Depth of footpath/Safety Kerb at road side/ CB side = 0.225m
Depth of footpath/Safety Kerb at Kerb side = 0.225m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.450m
Depth of crash barrier = 1.125m
Width of kerb = 1.200m
Depth of Kerb at end = 0.250m
Span, Centre to centre of expansion in square = 15.000m
Length of deck in square = 15.000m
Effective Span in square = 14.500m
Width of Deck Seating in roadway direction in square = 7.000m
Width of Deck seating in the span direction = 250mm
Thickness of Bed block = 0.250m
Approach slab at edge = 0.300m
Approach slab at center = 0.300m
Thickness of wearing coat at centre = 0.065m
Thickness of wearing coat at edge = 0.065m
No of cross beams = 6
Depth of cross beams = 1.200m
Width of cross beams = 0.400m
No of Girders = 4
Depth of Girder = 1.400m
Width of Girder = 0.475m
C/C of Girder = 2.750m
Super structure details :
Type of Super structure = T beam cum slab
Depth of super structure at centre = 0.250m
Depth of super structure at edge = 0.250m
Wing Details
Top of wing = RL 99.715
Total Height of wing = 5.245m
Road Level in meters = RL 99.715
Bottom of deck in meters = RL 97.985
HFL at site in meters = RL 97.920
Bottom of bed block in meters = RL 97.685
Sill Level / Bed level in meters = RL 95.970
Scour Level in meters = RL 95.970
Founding Level in meters = RL 94.470
Footing Details
Toe length straight = 0.150m
Toe length slope = 1.600m
Heel length straight = 2.850m
Heel length slope = 0.150m
Width of abutment stem at bed block level = 0.900m
Width of abutment stem at top of footing = 0.900m
Abutment stem rear batter = 0.000m
Width of back wall = 0.300m
Expansion Gap = 0.040m
Toe projection in Return side = 0.000m
Length of abutment at top of footing = 9.40m
Length of abutment at bottom of foundtation = 9.400m
Skew angle = 0°
Soil parameters
Angle of Repose  = 37 °
Angle of wall Friction  = 18 °
Angle of Surcharge α = 0°
Angle of Internal wall slope β = 0°
Unit Weight of Soil  = 20.00kN/cum
Loading data:-
No. of Lanes = 3
No. of Vehicle permitted
Class A Wheeled = 3
Class 70R Tracked = 1 ,+One lane of Class A
Class 70R Wheeled = 1 ,+One lane of Class A
Bogie axle Wheeled = 1 ,+One lane of Class A
Intensity of dead load of wearing coat = 2.000 kN/sq.m
Intensity of dead load of hand rails-200mmx1000mm = 0.000 kN/rm
Intensity of live load on foot path = 5.000 kN/sq.m
Live load reaction from superstructure including impact = 823.8kN
Intensity of loading due to crash barrier = 8.906kN/rm
Design notes:-
The design is based on the provisions of the following IRC codes.
1. IRC: 5-2015 3. IRC:112-2011
2. IRC: 6-2014 4. IRC:78 -2014
Length of abutment at top = 9.400 m
Length of abutment at bottom of foundation in square = 9.400 m
Width of stem at bottom = 900+0
= 900 mm
Eccentricity for the vertical load = 900/2-200
= 250 mm i.e., 0.250m
2.Material data :
Exposure = Moderate
Grade of Concrete = M-30
Grade of Steel = Fe-500
Unit weight of concrete = 25kN/cu.m
Clear Cover to reinforcement for stem = 40mm
for base slab = 75mm
Limit state design parameters :
Perm. Bending comp.Stress in concrete, for M-30 = 0.48fck [Cl. 12.2.1, IRC 112:2011]
= 14.40Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel = 0.8fyk [Cl. 12.2.2, IRC 112:2011]
= 400Mpa
Design value of modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200000Mpa [Cl. 6.3.5, IRC 112:2011]
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Co efficient / factor, k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1338
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm
for M-30 = 31000Mpa [Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011]
Modular ratio (M30) αe = Es/Ecm = 6.45
4.Seismic data :
Zone as per fig.11 Sesmic zones of Indian IS 1893 (Part) 2002 = III
Zone factor for the above zone = 0.16

DEAD LOAD OF SUPER STRUCTURE
Dead load of the superstructure
Deck Slab 1x1

1 15.00 7.000 0.250 26.250 cum
Deck camber 1x1
1 15.00 7.000 0.080 8.400 cum
Quantity per span 34.650 cum
Dead load of super structure
1x1 34.65 x - x 25kN/cum = 866.250kN
Dead load of super imposed dead load
Due to wearing coat 1x1 15.00 x 7.000 x 2.00kN/sqm = 210.000kN
Due to kerb 1x2 15.00 x 1.200 x 0.250 x 25 = 225.000kN
Due to safety kerb 1x2 15.00 x 0.750 x 0.225 x 25 = 126.563kN

Due to hand rails 1x2 15.00 x 0.00kN/m = 0.000kN
Due to crash barriers 1x2 15.00 x 8.91kN/m = 267.188kN
Due to cross beams 1x6 2.513 x 1.200 x 0.400 x 25 = 180.900kN
Due to girders 1x4 15.00 x 1.400 x 0.475 x 25 = 997.500kN
Total Dead load of super imposed dead load = 2663.400kN
LIVE LOAD OF SUPER STRUCTURE
ONE SPAN LOADED CONDITION
1.70R Tracked loading Total Load on span = 700.00 kN

4.57 700 kN 9.93
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50

RA x 14.00 = 700 x ( 4.57 / 2 + 9.93 )
RA 8550.50
= = 610.75 kN
14.00
2. 70R Wheeled loading Total Load on span = 1000.00 kN
170 170 170 170 120 120 80
1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 1.10
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 170 x ( 14.50 + 13.13 + 10.08 + 8.71 ) +
120 x ( 6.58 + 5.06) + ( 80 x 1.10 )
RA = 9376.20
= 669.73 kN
14.00
3. Class A Loading
case (i) Total Load on span = 554.00 kN
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 -4.30
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 7 x ( 14.50
27 .50 + 13.40
3. 0 ) + 114 ( 10.20
0. 0 + 9.00 ) +
68 x ( 4.70 + 1.70-4.30)
RA = 2676.90
= 191.21 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 191.21 = 382.41 kN
case (ii) Total Load on span = 500.00 kN
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00
0.50 14.00 m 0.50
A B
RA x 14.00 = 114 x ( 14.50 + 13.30 ) + 68 ( 9.00 + 6.00 ) +
68 x 3.00
RA = 4393.20
= 313.80 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 313.80 = 627.60 kN
case (iii) Total Load on span = 500.00 kN

68 68 68 68 114 114
3.00 3.00 3.00 4.30 1.20 0.00
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 68 x ( 14.50 + 11.50 ) + 68 ( 8.50 + 5.50)
114 x (1.20+0.00)
RA = 2856.80
= 204.06 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 204.06 = 408.11 kN
Case (ii) Governs the design
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 313.80 = 627.60 kN
SUMMARY OF LOADING UNDER ONE SPAN LOADED CONDITION

For Two Lanes For Three Lanes
Impact
Loading Without with Total load Without with Total load
factor
impact impact on span impact impact on span
70R Tracked 1.1000 610.75 671.83 700.00 924.55 1017.01 977.00
70R Wheeled 1.2300 669.73 823.77 1000.00 983.53 1209.74 1277.00
Class A 1.2300 627.60 771.95 554.00 612.17 752.97 831.00
1.00 70R Wheeled Governs the Design
Design Live load reaction under one span loaded condition.

Under three lane traffic RA = 669.73 kN without Impact
= 823.77 kN with Impact
CALCULATION OF FORCES & MOMENTS
Dead Load reaction due to self weight + SIDL = 2663.400kN
Dead Load reaction due to wearing coat = 210.000kN
1. Dead load from super structure including SIDL :
Dead Load + SIDL Reaction = 2663.4 / 2
= 1331.700kN
Intensity of Load per meter run = 1331.7/9.4
= 141.670kN/m
Long. Moment due to Dead load + Super imposed dead load = 141.67x 0.25
= 35.418 kNm/m
2. Dead load from super structure due to surfacing :
Dead Load due to wearing coat = 210/2
= 105.000kN
Intensity of Load per meter run = 105/9.4
= 11.170kN/m
Long. Moment due to Dead load + Super imposed dead load = 11.17x0.25
= 2.793kN/m
3. Live load from super structure :

Live load Reaction on structure = 823.770kN
Intensity of Load per Meter run = 823.77/9.4
= 87.635 kN/m
Intensity of load per meter run on kerb = 3.750 kN/m
Total live load = 91.385 kN/m
Moment due to the Live Load = 91.385x0.25
= 22.846 kNm/m
4. Vertical reaction due to braking: [Ref. Cl. 211.2 of IRC: 6-2014]
Total Load coming over the span = 1000.00kN + 277.00kN
20 % of the Load on first lane + 5% of the load on the = 1000 x 0.20 + 277 x 0.05
second lane = 200.00kN + 13.85kN
= 213.850kN/m
This load acts at 1.2 m above the Road level.
Intensity of vertical reaction = 213.85 x ( 1.20 + 1.65 + 0.065)
14.50
= 42.991kN
Intensity of vertical reaction per m run = 42.991 /9.4
= 4.574kN/m
Moment due to this load = 4.574x0.25
= 1.144 kNm/m
Under span loaded condition
Total longitudinal force = 213.85/2
This force acts at bearing level = 106.925kN
Intensity of the force per meter = 106.925 / 9.40
= 11.375kN
5.Active earth pressure
The intensity of active earth pressure is calculated using Formula given under clause 214.1.1.1 of IRC 6-2014
[Amendment oct. 2014].The centre of pressure exerted by the back fill, when considered dry is located at an
elevation of 0.42 of the height of the wall above the base and 0.33 of height of wall when considered wet.
The Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka is given by

Vertical face  = 0.0 °  = 18.0 °
2 Where, 1/2
ka = cos 2 (  -) 1 k = sin ( +  ) x sin (  )
x
cos2() x cos ( + ) [1+k] cos (  ) x cos (  )
sin (37+18) x sin (37-0)
k =
 cos (0-0 ) x cos (18+0)
0.8192 x 0.6018
k = = 0.720
 1.0000 x 0.9511
2
cos (37-0) 1
k1 = 2
x
cos 0.00 x cos (18+0) [1+0.72]^2
0.6378 x 0.3380
= = 0.2267
1.0000 x 0.9511
Kah1 = 0.2267 xcos = 0.2160
Kav1 = 0.2267 xsin = 0.0701
Sloped face
 = 0.00 ° = 0.000 rad. 3.745m
sin (37+18) x sin (37-0)
k =
 cos (0-0 ) x cos (18+0)
0.8192 x 0.6018 0.000m
k = = 0.7200
 1.0000 x 0.9511
2
cos (37-0) 1
k3 = 2
x
cos 0.00 x cos (18+0) [1+0.72^2]
0.6378 x 0.3380
= = 0.2267
1.0000 x 0.9511 x
Kah2 = 0.2267 xcos( +  ) = 0.2160
Kav2 = 0.2267 xsin( + ) = 0.0701
Sl.no Parameters  0 0 0 0 k ka
1 At Vertical face 0.00 37.00 18.00 0.00 0.7200 0.2267
2 At slope face 0.00 37.00 18.00 0.00 0.7200 0.2267
Active earth pressure at top of footings
P1 = 0.5 x Kah x γ x h2
The force 2
acts at 0.42 m of the height = 0.50x0.216x20x3.745
= 30.294 kN/m
CG of earth pressure from top of footing = 0.42x3.745
= 1.573m
Moments due the above force at Top of footing = 30.294X1.573
= 47.652 kNm/m
7. Check for fluid pressure :
2
As per clause 214.1 of IRC : 6-2014 , Abutment should be checked for fluid pressure of 4.8 kN/ m
Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.80kN/cum
Horizontal force = 0.50x4.8x3.745^2
= 33.660kN
> 30.294kN
Hence Fluid Pressure Governs the design
Moment due to this force = 33.66x3.745/3
= 42.019kN-m
< 47.652kN-m
Hence Active Earth Pressure Governs the design
8. Live load surcharge :
Earth pressure due to a fill of 1.2 m = 0.2267 x20x 1.2
= 5.441 kN/sq.m
Horiz. force due to live load surcharge = 5.4408x3.745
= 20.376 kN/rm
9. Self weight of abutment upto top of footing :

Considering 1 m length
Weight Lever arm from toe
Sl. Moment
Description / m run of stem
No.
kN m kN.m
1 Stem 0.9x1.715x25 38.59 0.450 17.364
2 Stem batter 0.5x0x1.715x25 0.00 0.900 0.000
3 Bed Block 0.6x0.3x 25 4.50 0.300 1.350
4 Dirt Wall 0.3x2.03x 25 15.23 0.750 11.419
58.31 30.133
Centre of gravity of the section = 30.133/58.313 = 0.517m
Eccentricity = 0.9/2-0.517
= 0.067m
Moment due to self weight = 58.313x0.067
= 3.907kNm
10. Buoyancy forces :
Width of abutment at sill level = 0.900m
Width of abutment at HFL = 0.900m
Depth of water column above footing top = 1.950m
Volume of abutment submerged = (0.9+0.9) / 2 x1.95
= 1.755cum
Reduction in weight of abutment = 17.550 kN
Moment = 17.55x2.2
= 38.610kN-m
Total force = 17.550 kN
Total moment = 38.610kN-m
Considering 100% buoyancy Force = -17.550 kN
Moment = -38.610kN-m
Considering 15% buoyancy Force = -2.633 kN
Moment = -5.792kN-m
SEISMIC DESIGN
1. Calculation of horizontal seismic coefficient :
Road Level = RL 99.715
Top of Footing = RL 95.970
Bottom of Footing = RL 94.470
Height of abutment above Footing = 3.745 m
Height of abutment from bottom of Footing = 5.245 m
Thickness of Footing = 1.500 m
Thickness of abutment at the root of the stem = 0.650 m
Length of abutment at the root of the stem = 9.400 m
Grade of concrete = M-30
Horizontal Seismic force Feq = Ah x (DL +Appropriate LL)
Horizontal Seismic Co-Efficient in any direction Ah = ( Z / 2 )*( Sa / g )*I
For rocky or hard soil sites
2.5 0.0 ≤ T ≤ 0.40
Sa / g =
1.0/T 0.4 ≤ T ≤ 4.00 _
For medium soil sites
2.5 0.0 ≤ T ≤ 0.55
Sa / g =
1.36/T 0.6 ≤ T ≤ 4.00
For soft soil sites
2.5 0.0 ≤ T ≤ 0.67
Sa / g =
1.67/T 0.7 ≤ T ≤ 4.00
T = 2 x √ D/1000 x F
D = Dead load of super structure and the appropriate live load in kN
F = Horizontal force required to be applied at the centre of mass of Super structure for 1 mm
Horizontal deflection at the the top of pier or abutment along the considered direction of
horizontal force
As per IS:1893-1984 horizontal reactions at bearing level and as per Cl : 219 of IRC 6 - 2014 calculations
are made.
Seismic Zone = III Zone Z
Zone factor as per table 5 Z = 0.16 II 0.10
III 0.16
Importance factor I = 1.20 1.20 Important bridges
(Table:8, Cl.219.5.1.1, IRC:6-2014) R = 2.00 1.00 Other bridges
Sa / g = 2.50
R = Response reduction factor
Ah = (0.16 / 2 ) x2.5x(1.2/2)
= 0.120
Combination of seismic forces
Maximum Co-Efficient = r1 + 0.3 r2 + 0.3 r3
where r1 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along X direction.
r2 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along Z direction.
r3 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along Y direction.
= 2/3 of Governing force resultant due to full design seismic foece along
horizontal direction.
r1 = r2 = 0.120
r3 = 0.080
Bearings
Response reduction factor R = 2.00 (Table:9, Cl.219.5.5, IRC:6-2014)
Max. Hztl Seismic Coeff. (r1 + 0.3 r2 + 0.3 r3 ) / R = 0.090
Sub structure and foundation
Response reduction factor R = 3.00 (Table:9, Cl.219.5.5, IRC:6-2014)
Max. Hztl Seismic Coeff. (r1 + 0.3 r2 ) / R = 0.052
Ah = 0.052
The vertical seismic coefficient Av = 0.000 Since the bridge does not lies in Zone
IV & V
2. Calculation of active earth pressure seismic co efficient :
As per Cl. 8.1.1 of I 1893 - 1974,
λ = tan-1 Ah/(1 ±v)
= 
tan-1
± 0
= 2.98 Degree
= 0.0520 Radians
(1 ± Av) cos2(- λ- ) 1 2
Coefficient of active earth pressure , Ca = x
cos λ cos2cos(+ + λ) 1+k1/2
Where sin(+ ) x sin(-I- λ)
k = Ca
cos( -I) x cos(+ + λ)
 Angle of internal friction = 37.00 ° 0.645772 radians
 Angle of wall friction = 18.00 ° 0.314159 radians
 slope of earth fill = 0.00 ° 0 radians
 Angle of Internal wall slope = 0.00 ° 0 radians
 Unit weight of soil = 20.00 kN/cum

sin(37+18) x sin(37-0-2.98)
k1/2=
cos(0-0) x cos(18+0+2.98)

0.8192 x 0.5595
=
1.000 x 0.9337
= 0.7010 2
(1 ± Av) x cos^2(37-2.98-0) 1
= x
cos2.98 x cos^2(0 )x cos(18+2.98+0) 1 + 0.701
1.0 x 0.7304 x 0.34561
Ca =
0.9986 x 1 x 0.934
= 0.2707
3.Calculation of seismic forces and moments :
1. Dead load of super structure:
Reaction due to dead load of super structure = 1436.700kN
As per IS 1893- 1984 for seismic design
Seismic force due to dead load from superstructure F = 1436.7x0.052
= 74.708kN
Intensity of seismic force per meter acting at bearing level = 74.708/9.4
= 7.948kN
Eccentricity of the above force from top of bearing = (1.73+1.125)/2
= 1.428m
Moment due to seismic force = 74.708x1.4275
= 106.646kN-m
Change in vertical reaction due to this moment = 106.646 / 15
= 7.110kN
2.Active earth pressure with seismic effect :
P = 1/2 x  x h2 x Ca
Seismic Active Earth pressure P = 1/2 x20x3.745x3.745x0.2707
= 37.966kN
Lever arm for the above forces
a) Active earth pressure
Lever arm for the above force at top of Footing = 0.42 x H
= 0.42 x 3.745
= 1.573 m
3. Self weight of the structure above GL for seismic case :

Sl Weight/RM Lever arm Moment
Description
No 'kN' 'm' (a) 'kN-m'
b d  Weight from fdn top Moment
Sl.no Describtion
m m kN/m3 kN m kNm
1 Stem 0.90 1.715 25 38.588 0.858 33.089
2 Bed Block 0.60 0.300 25 4.500 1.865 8.393
3 Dirt wall 0.30 1.730 25 12.975 2.730 35.422
4 Soil 2.85 3.745 20 213.465 1.873 399.713
269.528 476.616
Centre of gravity of the self weight = 476.616 /269.528 = 1.768

Seismic force due to self weight = 269.528 x 0.052 = 14.015
Seismic moment due to self weight = 476.616 x 0.052 = 24.784
Table of seismic forces and moments at top of footing
Sl Forces Lever arm Moment

Description
No Seismic Static Dynamic 'm' (a) 'kN-m'
1 Dead Load from super struc 7.948kN - - 1.715 13.630
2 Earth pressure 37.97kN - - 1.573 59.716
3 Self weight of structure 14.015 - - 1.768 24.784
Total HF 45.913kN VF 14.015kN 98.131
Note:
1) Load combinations are as per IRC 6 2014. Load combinations with earth pressure, seismic and live load
alone have be considered as wind/thermal load leading case might not govern.
2) Seismic force due to live load shall not be considered in direction of traffic as per codal provisions.
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT SECTION AT STEM BOTTOM
Check for adequacy of depth
Design Bending Moment = 483.552kN-m (Staad Analysis)
Width of section = 1000 mm
Depth of section = 900 mm
Dia. Of main rebar = 25 mm
Limit state design constant
Check for Depth of section
Effective Depth req d =  [ M / k x fck x b]
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Xumax = 0.456 x847.5
= 386.460
2
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd ))
= 0.074
Xu/d < Xumax/d Hence Ok
Mu limit = 0.362(Xumax/d)x(1-0.416 Xumax/d) x bd2fck
= 3250.332kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [483.552 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.1338 x30]
= 347mm
Adopting a clear cover of40mm and providing 25mm bars as main rebar
= 900-40-25-25-12.5
= 798mm
> 347mm Hence Ok
Calculation of Main Rebar
MuR = 0.362xFck x b x Xumax x (d - 0.416xXumax)
= 0.362x30*1000*386.46*(797.5-0.416x386.46)
= 2672.33862
Area of steel Ast req. = Mu/0.87fy(d-0.4Xu)
Xu/d = 0.074
Xu = 59.015mm
Ast req. = [483.552x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(797.5-0.4x59.015)]
Ast req. = 1436sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement req = 491 x 1000 / 1436
= 342mm
Provide 1 Layers of 25mm dia bars at 150mm
= (491 x 1000 /150)x1
= 3272sqmm
> 1436sqmm Hence Ok
Check for Max and Mini Reinforcement (As per Section 16.5.1.1(1) of IRC 112:2011)
a) Minimum Tensile Reinforcement = 0.26x(fctm/fyk)btd
fctm = 2.50Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(797.5x1000)
= 1037sqmm
< 3272sqmm Hence Ok
b) Minimum Tensile Reinforcement = 0.0013 bd
= 0.0013x1000x797.5
= 1037sqmm
< 3272sqmm Hence Ok
Maximum Tensile Reinforcement = 0.025 Ac
= 0.025x1000x797.5
= 19938sqmm
> 3272sqmm Hence Ok
Calculation of Distribution steel:
Minimum Distribution steel = 20% of main steel required
= 287sqmm
Area of steel provided = (201 x 1000 /100)x1
= 2011sqmm
> 287sqmm Hence Ok
For Other Face
25% of main steel required = 359sqmm
Area of steel provided = (201 x 1000 /100)x1
= 2011sqmm
> 359sqmm Hence Ok
Check For Shear As per cl. 10.3.2 of IRC 112.2011

Effective Depth = 798mm
width of Section = 1000 mm
Depth of Section = 900 mm
Hence, Design S. F, V = 105.60kN (Staad Analysis)
Area resisting shear, Ash = 797.5 x 1000
= 797500sq.mm
Shear stress, t = V / Ash = (105.6x10^3)/797500
= 0.132Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
i) VRd.c = The design shear resistance of the member without shear rft.
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33+0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/797.5)^0.5
= 1.501
 = Asl/bwd
Area of the Tensile Reinforcement which extends not less than (lbd+d) beyond
As1
= the consdiered section
= 798sqmm
= 797.5/1000x797.5
 = 0.001
σcp = Concrete compressive stress
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
NED = Applied Longitudinal force 0.00kN
Ac = Gross area of the concrete section
fcd = Design value of concrete compression strength
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 900000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.501(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x797.5)
= 0.569Mpa
0.569Mpa > 0.132Mpa
Shear Reinforcement not required
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.501^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.31
= 0.312x1000x797.5
= 248.820
248.8KN > 105.60KN
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION FOR SECTION AT STEM BOTTOM
Crack width Calculation (Wk) As per IRC 112:2011 Section 12.3.4
Depth D = 900mm
Breadth of the section = 1000mm
Design Bending Moment = 483.55kN-m
Grade of steel = Fe-500
Clear Cover = 40mm
Spacing of reinforcement = 150mm
Dia of Main Reinforcement = 25mm
Cover to centre of Reinforcement = 40+12.5
= 52.5mm
Effective Depth d = 900 -52.5
= 848mm
Ast = 3272sq.mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 3272x100/(900x1000)
= 0.364%
Percentage of steel (pt) = 0.364%
((2x0.00364x6.25)+(0.00364x6.25)^2))^0.5)-
Neutral axis factor k =
(0.00364x6.25)
= 0.192
Depth of NA from Comp. Fibre = (0.192x847.5) = 162.7 mm
Lever Arm Z = (847.5-162.7/3) = 684.8 mm
Srmax (1) = 3.4c+(0.425k1k2)/peff
for Spacing of bonded reinforcement within tension zone <= 5(c+/2)
0.2 = coefficient 0.8 for deformed bars }
1.6 for bars of effectively plain surface } for epoxy coated 25%
k2 = coefficient 0.5 for bending } increased
1.00 for pure tension
for cases eccentric tension on local areas k 2 = (1-l
== (3.4x 40/900 )+(0.425x0.8x0.5x25/1000)/0.00364 = 1.319m
Srmax (2) = 3.4c+(0.17)/peff
for Spacing of bonded reinforcement within tension zone > 5(c+/2)
(3.4x40/1000 )+(0.17x25/1000)/0.00364 = 1.304m
Srmax (3) = 1.3(h-x)
for No bonded reinforcement (Fe 250)
1.3x((900/1000)-(162.7/1000) = 0.958m
5(c + /2) = 5x (40+32/2 ) = 263mm
Srmax = 1.319m
σsc = (483.55x10^6)/(3272x684.8) = 215.81 Mpa
f cteff = 2.50Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d) = 2.5x(900-847.5) = 131mm
(h-x/3) = (900-162.7/3) = 846mm
h/2 = 900/2 = 450mm
hceff = 131mm
Aceff = (1000x131.25) = 131250 Sq.mm
peff = As/Aceff
= 3272/131250 = 0.025
Es = 200000 Mpa
Ecm = 31000 Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
e = Es / Ecm (Modular Ratio)

= 200000/31000 = 6.45
sm-cm = [(sc-kt(fcteff)(1+eeff)]/Es >= 0.6sc/Es
kt = 0.5
(215.81-(0.5x(2.5/0.025) )x(1+6.45x0.025))/200000 = 0.0010
0.6ssc/Es = 0.6x(215.81/200000) = 0.0006
sm-cm = 0.0010
Wk = Srmax(esm-ecm) = 0.0013 <
Reccomended Value (Wmax) = 0.3 HENCE OK
Table12.1,Cl.12.3.3 IRC 112-2011
DESIGN OF RCC RETURN WALL IN ABUTMENT
Geometrical data :
Top of Return wall in metres = RL 99.715
Bottom of stem in metres = RL 95.970
Width of stem at uniform section in metres = 0.500m
Width of stem at base in metres = 0.500m
Width of rear batter in metres = 0.000m
Width of front batter in metres = 0.000m
Width of Haunch at top in metres = 1.000m
Depth of Haunch rectangular in metres = 0.000m
Depth of Haunch triangular in metres = 0.000m
Height of stem uniform portion in metres = 0.000m
Height of stem triangular portion in metres = 0.000m
Height of return wall in metres = 3.745m
Soil paramaters
Angle of internal friction  = 37.00 °
Angle of wall fiction  = 18.00 °
Angle of surcharge  = 0.00 °
Angle of Internal wall slope  = 0.00 °
Unit weight of soil  = 20.00kN/cum
Material data :
Exposure = Moderate
Permisible compressive stress in concrete = 14.40Mpa
Permisible tensile stress in steel = 400.00Mpa
Allowable tensile stress in steel = 240Mpa
CALCULATION OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR DESIGN OF RETURN WALL
The intensity of earth pressure is calculated using Coulomb's formula and coefficients of active earth pressure are
calculated as follows.
For vertical face ka = 0.2160 [From Abutment Design]
For sloped face ka = 0.2267 [From Abutment Design]
Calculation of forces & moments @ batter level
Lever arm for the earth pressure is taken as 0.42h
Coefficient of active earth pressure , ka is given by
Top of return wall RL 99.715
3.750m
Bottom of return wall

RL 95.970
Calculation of forces & moments @ bottom of return stem

Active earth pressure
Active earth pressure at batter level
= 0.50x0.2267x20x3.745^2
= 31.795 kN/m
CG of earth pressure = 0.42x3.745
= 1.573m
Moment due the above force = 31.795x1.573
= 50.014 kNm/m
Live load surcharge
Intensity of live load surcharge due to sloped portion = 0.2267 x 20 x 1.20
= 5.4408 kN/.m
Force due to the above intensity = 5.4408 x3.745
= 20.376 kN
Moment due to the above Force = 20.376 x (0.50 x3.745)
= 38.154kN-m
Self weight
Sl. Moment
Details Forces 'kN' Lever arm 'm' 'kN-m'
No.
1 Crash barrier As per details 8.906 (0.3+0.475)/4 0.194 1.728
2 Stem vertical 0.5x3.745x25 46.813 0.5/2 0.250 11.703
3 Stem triangle [rear] 0.5x0x3.745x25 0.000 0.5+0/3 0.500 0.000
4 Soil over stem (tri rear) 0.5x0x3.745x20 0.000 0.5+(0x2/3) 0.500 0.000
Total 55.719 Total 13.431
Centre of gravity of the section = 13.431/55.719
= 0.241m
Therefore eccentricity = 0.5+0/3-0.241
= 0.259m
Moment due to self weight = 55.719x0.259
= 14.431 kNm/m
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS:-
For the design of section @ Bottom of stem
S.No Description L.F Without Load factor With Load factor
Moment Shear Force Moment Force
1. Self weight of return wall 1.35 -14.431 0.000 -19.482 0.000
2. Active Earth pressure 1.50 50.014 31.795 75.020 47.693
3. Live load surcharge 1.20 38.154 20.376 45.785 24.451
4. Total 73.736 52.171 101.323 72.144
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL SECTION AT STEM BOTTOM By Limit State Method

Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Xumax = 0.456x452
= 206.112
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd2))
= 0.0644
Xu/d < Xumax/d HENCE OK
= 819.822kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [101.323 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.138 x30]
= 156mm
Adopting a clear cover of 40mm and providing 16mm bars as main rebar
= 500 -40 - 16 / 2
= 452mm
> 156mm HENCE OK
= 0.362x40x1000x206.112x(452-0.416x206.112)
= 819.822
= [101.323x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(452-0.4x29.112)]"
= 529sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement = 201 x1000 / 528.951
= 380mm
Provide 16mm dia bars at 200mm

= 201 x1000 / 200
= 1005sqmm
> 529sqmm HENCE OK
Check for Max and Mini Reinforcement
(As per Section 16.5.1.1(1) of IRC 112:2011)
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(452x1000)
= 588sqmm
< 1005sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1000x452
= 588sqmm
< 1005sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.025x1000x452
= 11300sqmm
> 1005sqmm HENCE OK
= 106sqmm
Area of steel provided = 201 x1000 / 200
= 1005sqmm
> 106sqmm HENCE OK
For Other Face
= 393sqmm
> 132sqmm HENCE OK
Check For Shear
Effective Depth = 452.00mm
Breath of Section = 1000 mm
Hence, Design S. F, V = 72.14kN
Area resisting shear, Ash = 500x1000
= 500000sq.mm
= 0.144Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33+0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/452)^0.5
= 1.665
 = Asl/bwd
Area of the Tensile Reinforcement which extends not less
As1 =
(lbd+d) beyond the consdiered section
= 1005sqmm
= 1005/1000x452
 = 0.00222
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 500000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.665(80x0.00222x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x452)
= 338.29kN
0.677Mpa > 0.144Mpa
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.665^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.365
= 0.365x1000x452
= 164.980
165.0KN > 72.1KN
Crack width calculation for section at stem bottom
Depth D = 500mm
Clear Cover = 40mm
No: of Main Reinforcement = 8
Dia of Longitudinal Reinforcement = 16mm
Cover to centre of Reinforcement = 40+16/2
= 48mm
Effective Depth d = 500 -48
= 452mm
Ast = 1005sq.mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 1005 / 1000 x500
= 0.201%
Neutral axis factor k = ((2x0.00201x6.25)+(0.00201x6.25)^2))^0.5)-(0.00201x6.25)
= 0.146
Depth of NA from Comp. Fibre = (0.146x452) = 65.992
Lever Arm Z = (452)-(65.992)/3 = 430
Srmax (1) = 3.4c+(0.425k1k2)/peff
for cases eccentric tension on local areas k2 = (1-l
= (3.4x 40/500)+(0.425x0.8x0.5x16/1000)/0.00201 = 1.625m
Srmax (2) = 3.4c+(0.17)/peff
(3.4x 40/1000 )+(0.17x16/1000)/0.00201 = 1.489m
Srmax (3) = 1.3(h-x)
1.3x((500/1000)-(65.992/1000) = 0.564m
5(c + /2) = 5x (40+16/2 ) = 240mm
Srmax = 1.625m
σsc = (101.323x10^6)/(1005x430)
= 234.46 Mpa
f cteff = 2.5 Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
hceff is lesser of = 2.5x(500-452) = 120mm

= (500-65.992/3) = 478mm
= 500/2 = 250mm
hceff = 120mm
Aceff = (1000x120) = 120000sqmm
peff = As/Aceff
= 1005/120000 = 0.0084
Es = 200000 Mpa
= 31000 Mpa Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
= 200000/31000 = 6.45
sm-cm = [(sc-kt(fcteff)(1+eeff)]/Es
>= 0.6sc/Es
kt = 0.5
(234.46-(0.5x(2.5/0.0084) )x(1+6.45x0.0084))/200000 = 0.000
0.6ssc/Es = 0.6x(234.46/200000) = 0.001
Wk = 0.001 <
Table12.1,Cl.12.3.3 IRC 112-2011
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL:
Data:- Width of dirt wall = 300mm
Depth of dirt wall = 1.730m
Exposure = Moderate
Grade of Steel = Fe -500
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 40 mm
Axial Load 100kN 100kN
Mb
Braking
Force(40kN) Crash Barrier
0.875
0.3 1.630 1.930 1.305
Width of dispersion
SIDE VIEW ELEVATION OF DIRT WALL

Live load:
Consider Bogie Single Axle load on dirt wall as shown above
Min. clear distance between wheel and kerb = 1.200m
Width of wheel = 0.860m
Width of dispersion, Bw = 4.865m
Total Vertical load = 200.00kN
Braking force, Fb, 20% of the total vertical load = 40.00kN
acting at 1.20m above the road surface.
Lateral load/m = Fb / Bw
= 40 / 4.87
= 8.22kN
Coefficent of active earth pressure Ka = 0.2267
[from abut.design]
Live load surcharge:
Live load surcharge = 1.2m height of backfill
1.2kag = 1.20 x0.2267 x 20 = 5.441 kN/sq.m
Lateral force, FLL = 1.2kagh = 1.730 x 5.441 = 9.4kN/m
Lever arm = 0.50h = 0.50 x 1.730 = 0.865m
Active earth pressure:
Active earth pressure = 0.5kagh2 = 0.5x0.2267x20 x 1.73 2
= 6.78kN/m
Lever arm = 0.42h = 0.42 x 1.73 = 0.727m
Moment at base of dirt wall due act.earth Pr. = 6.7849 x 0.727

= 4.93 kNm/m
Moment due to braking force = 1.5 x 8.222 x 2.995 = 36.94 kNm/m
Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 9.413 x 0.865 = 9.77 kNm/m
Active earth pressure = 1.5 x 6.785 x 0.727 = 7.39 kNm/m
Total moment = 54.10 kNm/m
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL By Limit State Method
CHECK FOR ADEQUACY OF DEPTH
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Xumax = 0.456 x 252
= 114.9120
k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1338
d req = [ M / k x fck x b]
=  [54.103 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.1338x30]
= 116mm
Adopting a clear cover of 40mm and providing 16mm dia. as the main rebar
Effective depth available = 300 - 40 -8
= 252mm
> 116mm
Ok
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Area of steel
where, R = M/bd2
= 54.103*10^6/1000x252^2
= 0.852
Ast = b d fck /2 fy[1-1-4.61R/fck]
= (1000x252x30)/(2x500)x[1-sqrt(1-4.61x0.852/30)]
= 7560 x 0.0678
= 512.25sqmm
(As per Section 16.6.1.1 of IRC 112:2011)
Minimum Tensile Reinforcement = 0.26x(fctm/fyk)btd
= 327.60sqmm
= > 0.0013xbtd = 327.60sqmm
Ast Required = 512sqmm
S i Reinforcement
Spacing i f req = 201 x1000
1000 / 512
12
= 393mm
= 2011sqmm
> 512sqmm
ok
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 2011x100/(300x 1000)
= 0.67 %
Distribution steel
= 0.0012xbtd
= 0.0012x252x1000
= 302sqmm
= 393sqmm
> 302sqmm
ok
CALCULATION OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION
Length of abutment at foundation level = 9.400 m
Scour level = RL 95.970
Founding level = RL 94.470
Top of footing level = RL 95.970
Width of base slab = 5.650 m
Width of toe slab = 1.750 m
Straight Portion = 0.150 m
Sloped Portion = 1.600 m
Width of heel slab = 3.000 m
Depth of toe slab at end = 0.850 m
Depth of toe slab at stem face = 1.500 m
Depth of heel slab at end = 0.850 m
Depth of heel slab at stem face = 1.500 m
Eccentricity for vertical loads from toe
= 5.65/2-1.6-0.15-0.20
= 0.875 m
1 Dead load from super structure:
1.
DL reaction from Superstructure = 1331.700kN [ From previous calculation]
Intensity of load per metre run = 1331.7 / 9.4
= 141.670kN/m
Moment due to Dead Load = 141.67 x0.875
= 123.961kN-m
2. Dead load due to wearing coat:
DL reaction from Superstructure = 105.000kN [ From previous calculation]
Intensity of load per metre run = 105 /9.4
= 11.170kN/m
Moment due to Dead Load = 11.17 x0.875
= 9.774kN-m
3. Live load from super structure:
LL from Superstructure = 823.770kN [ From previous calculation]
= 87.635kN/m
Moment due to Live Load = 87.635 x0.875
= 76.681kN-m
4. Vertical reaction induced due to braking : [Ref. Cl. 211.2 of IRC: 6-2014]
Intensity of Vert. Reaction due to braking = 42.991kN [ From previous calculation]

= 4.574kN/m
Moment due to this load = 4.574 x0.875
= 4.002kN-m
5. Longitudinal forces : [Ref. Cl. 211.5.1.3 of IRC: 6-2014]
Intensity of force acting at bearing level = 106.925kN/m [ From previous calculation]
= 106.93 / 9.40
Longitudinal force per support = 11.375kN
Moment due to this force = 11.375x(97.985-94.47)
= 39.983kN-m
39 983kN m
6. Live load on safety kerb / Footpaths :
Intensity of live load on Kerb per RM over Abutment = 3.750kN [ From previous calculation]
Moment due to Kerb Live Load = 3.75x0.875
= 3.281kN-m
7. Active earth pressure at bottom of footings :
2
Intensity of earth pressure P2 = 0.5 x Kah x w x h
2
= 0.50x0.2267x20x5.245
= 62.37 kN/m acts at 0.42 m from bottom of footing
= 2.2029m
Moments due the above force = 62.365x2.2029
= 137.384kN-m
8. Fluid pressure :
As per clause 214.1 of IRC : 6-2014 , Abutment should be checked for fluid pressure of 4.8 kN/ m2
Horizontal force = 0.5 x 4.8 x5.245^2
= 66.024kN
= 115.432kN-m 5.245 m
< 137.38kNm/m
< Active Earth Pressure Moment
Hence fluid force does not govern 4.8x5.245= 25.18kN/Sqm
Earth pressure intensity due to a fill of 1.2 m = 5.441kN/Sqm [ From previous calculation]
= 28.537 kN/m
= 74.838kN-m
10. Self weight :
Sl. Weight / m Lever arm Moment
Description
No. run'kN' from toe'm' 'kNm'
1 Substructure above footimg 58.313 2.200 128.289
2 Toe slab Rectangular portion
34.000 0.800 27.200
1 x 1.6 x0.85 x 25
3 Triangular portion
13.000 1.067 13.867
1/2 x 1.6 x0.65 x 25
4 Rectangular portion
5.625 1.675 9.422
1 x 0.15 x 1.5 x 25
5 Heel slab Rectangular portion
60.563 4.225 255.877
1 x 2.85 x0.85 x 25
23.156 3.750 86.836
1/2 x2.85 x 0.65 x 25
5.625 2.725 15.328
1 x0.15 x 1.5 x 25
8 Earth over Toe slab
1/2 x 1.6 x0.65 x 20 10.400 0.533 5.547
Earth over Heel slab
9 18.525 4.700 87.068
1/2 x 2.85 x0.65 x 20
10 Earth over Heel slab
1 x 2.85 x3.745 x 20 213.465 4.225 901.890
Total 442.672 1531.322
Summary of forces and moments
Span loaded condition
Horz.load
Sl.No. Description Vert.load 'kN' MR Mo
'kN'
1 Dead Load from superstrcuture 141.670 - 123.961 -

2 Dead Load due to Wearing coat 11.170 9.774 -
3 Live Load from superstrcuture 91.385 - 79.962 -
4 Vertical reaction due to Braking 4.574 - 4.002 -
5 Horizonatal Force due to Braking - 11.375 - 39.983
6 Live Load Surcharge - - - -
7 DL of substructure & foundation 442.672 - 1531.322 -
8 Active Earth Pressure - 62.365 - 137.384
9 Seismic force - -
1. Vertical reaction 14.015 - - -
2. Horizontal reaction - 45.913 - 98.131
Summary of Forces & Moments - Dry Condition 705.486 112.335 1749.021 281.030
10 Buoyancy -17.550 0.000 -38.610 0.000
Summary of Forces & Moments - wet Condition 687.936 112.335 1710.411 281.030
Span unloaded condition
Sl.No Vert.load Horz.load
Description MR MO
. 'kN' 'kN'
1 DL from superstrcuture 141.670 - 123.961 -
2 Dead Load due to Wearing coat 11.170 - 9.774 -
3 LL from superstrcuture - - - -
4 Verti. Load due to Braking - - - -
5 Horiz. Load due to Braking - - - -
6 Live Load Surcharge - 28.537 - 74.838
9 Seismic force - - - -
1. Vertical reaction 14.015 - - -
2. Horizontal reaction 0.000 45.913 0.000 98.131
10 Buoyancy 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Summary of Forces & Moments - Wet Condition 609.527 129.497 1665.057 315.885
Stability check at foundation level
Check for sliding
Summary of Sliding forces
Longitudinal force = 11.375kN
Earth pressure [Active -Passive] = 62.37
= 62.365kN
Total Active Forces = 73.740kN
Summary of forces against Sliding
Friction at base due to vertical loads = 442.672x0.60
Total resisting force = 265.603kN
Resisting force is greater than active Forces
Factor of Safety against sliding = = 265.6032/73.74

= 3.60
> 1.5
Section is safe against sliding
Check for overturning
Summary of Overturning moment
Longitudinal force = 39.983kN-m
Earth pressure [Active-Passive] = 137.38
Total overturning Moment = 177.367kN-m

Summary of Resisting moment
DL from superstructure = 133.735kN-m
LL from Superstructure = 79.962kN-m
Vert. Reac. due to braking = 4.002kN-m
Self weight = 1531.322kN-m
Total Resisting Moment = 1749.021kN-m
Factor fo safety against overturning = 1749.021/177.367
= 9.86
> 1.5
Section is safe against overturning
Under span unloaded condition
Check for sliding
= 62.365kN
Live load surcharge = 28.537kN
= 265.603kN
Factor of Safety against sliding = = 265.6032 /90.902

= 2.92
> 1.5
= 137.384
Live load Surcharge Effect = 74.838kN-m
DL from superstructure = 133.735kN-m
Self weight = 1531.322kN-m
Factor of safety against overturning = 1665.057/212.222
= 7.85
> 1.5
Check for pressure at foundation level
Total load under span loaded condition = 691.471kN
Total load under span unloaded condition = 595.512kN
Total moment under span loaded condition = 1571.654kN-m
Total moment under span un-loaded condition = 1452.835kN-m
Eccentricity for the above loads are taken from toe
Eccentricity of the above vert.load under span loaded condition =
1571.654 /691.471 = 2.273 m
Eccentricity of the above vert.Load for span un-loaded condition =
1452.835 /595.512 = 2.440 m
Moment due to above vert. Load
Under span loaded condition = 691.471x(2.825 -2.273)
= 381.692 kN-m
Under span unloaded condition = 595.512x(2.825 -2.44)
= 229.272 kN-m
Safe bearing capacity ( Q ) :
Q allowable = 280.0kN/Sqm
Calculation of Max. and Min. pressure at founding level
691.47 381.692 x 6
Stress at Toe = +
5.65 5.65x5.65
= 122.384 + 71.741
= 194.125kN/sqm
< SBC, Hence Safe
Stress at Heel = 122.384 - 71.741
= 50.643kN/sqm
< SBC, Hence Safe
Span unloaded condition
595.51 229.272 x 6
Stress at Toe = +
5.65 5.65x5.65
= 105.400 + 43.093
= 148.493kN/sqm
< SBC, HenceSafe
Stress at Heel = 105.400 - 43.093
= 62.307kN/sqm
< SBC, Hence Safe
Max. and min.Pressure occur under Span Unloaded condition
Pressure at Toe = 194.125kN/Sqm
Pressure at Heel = 50.643kN/Sqm
Verification of Equilibrium
Span loaded case
Factored moments & Long. Forces
Sl.No Load case
MO HL(sldg) MR (HL)R FSOT FSsldg Safe
1 Basic Combination (LL lead + Braking)
a Overturning / Sliding effect
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+0.9BF+1.2LLS 242.061 103.785
b Restoring / Resisting effect
0.95DL+1.0DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+0.9BF+1.2LLS 1708.239 710.233 7.06 6.84 SAFE
2 Basic Combination (Thermal leading)
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+1.5BF+1.2LLS 266.050 110.610 6.42 6.42 SAFE
3 Basic Combination (Wind leading)
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+1.5WL+1.2LLS 206.076 93.548 8.29 7.59 SAFE
4 Basic Combination (LL Lead + WL)
5 Seismic case
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.5T+1.5EQ 304.571 136.923
0.95DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.5T 1708.239 710.233 5.61 5.19 SAFE
Check for Base Pressure
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 280.0kN/Sqm
Span loaded condition / without buoyancy
Load combination V MO MR ecbase Pmax Pmin SBC Tension
1.0DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+1.0LL+1.0LLS 691.471 177.367 1749.021 2.273 194.136 50.632 Safe Safe
1.0DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.2BL+0.2LLS+1.0
628.719 243.511 1681.850 2.288 174.768 47.788 Safe Safe
EQ
Verification of Equilibrium
Span unloaded case
Factored moments & Long. Forces
Sl.No Load case
MO HL(sldg) MR (HL)R FSOT FSsldg Safe
1 Basic Combination (LL lead + Thermal)
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+0.9T+1.2LLS 295.882 127.792
0.95DL+1.0DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+0.9T+1.2LLS 1582.293 566.295 5.35 4.43 SAFE
2 Basic Combination (Thermal leading)
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.5EP+1.5LL+1.5T+1.2LLS 295.882 127.792 5.35 4.43 SAFE
3 Basic Combination (Wind leading)
4 Basic Combination (LL Lead + WL)
5 Seismic case
1.05DL+1.35DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.5T+1.5EQ 284.580 131.235
0.95DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.5T 1582.293 566.295 5.56 4.32 SAFE
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 280.0kN/Sqm
Span unloaded condition / without buoyancy
1.0DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+1.0LL+1.0LLS 595.512 212.222 1665.057 2.440 148.534 62.267 Safe Safe
1.0DL+1.0DS+1.0EP+0.2LL+0.2BL+0.2LLS+1.0
609.527 250.482 1665.057 2.321 165.647 50.115 Safe Safe
EQ
Foundation design without considering soil

Span loaded case
Sl. No Description V MO MR ec base Pmax Pmin
Combination 1
Comb 1 (Ep lead + LL leading )
1
1.35 DL + 1.75 WC + 1.50 E.P. + 1.5 LL + 1.2 LLs 952.348 242.061 2377.683 2.242 272.827 64.287
Comb 1 (Ep accomp + LL leading )

2
1.35 DL + 1.75 WC + 1.0 E.P. + 1.5 LL + 1.2 LLs 952.348 173.369 2377.683 2.315 259.916 77.198
Comb 1 (Ep lead + LL accomp )

3
1.35 DL + 1.75 WC + 1.50 E.P. + 1.15 LL + 1.2 LLs 918.762 242.061 2348.295 2.292 254.573 70.652
Combination 2
4
1.0 DL + 1.0 WC + 1.3 E.P. + 1.3 LL + 1.0 LLs 720.259 210.586 1774.210 2.171 216.026 38.933

5
1.0 DL + 1.0 WC + 0.85 E.P. + 1.3 LL + 1.0 LLs 720.259 148.763 1774.210 2.257 204.406 50.553
Comb 2 (Ep lead + LL accomp )

6
1.0 DL + 1.0 WC + 1.3 E.P. + 1.0 LL + 1.0 LLs 691.471 210.586 1749.021 2.225 200.380 44.388
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB :
1.59m 1.41m 0.90m 1.75m
272.83 3.00m
214.23
162.10
128.88
64.29
5.65m
The critical section of the BM is at the face of the stem Calculation of intensity of
pressure at the face of stem
272.827-64.287
= 64.29 + [ ]x 0.9+1.75
5.65
= 162.098 kN / m2
Bending Moment due to Soil Pressure
162.098+64.287 2x64.287+162.098 3.0

= x 3.0 x[ ]x
2 64.287+162.098 3
= 436.01 kN-m
BM due to self weight of concrete
Rectangular portion = 2.85 x0.85 x 25.00 x(0.15+2.85/2)
= 95.386 kN-m
Triangular portion = 2.85 x0.65 x 0.5 x 25.00 x ( 0.15 + 2.85 / 3 )
= 25.472 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.15 x1.5 x 25.00 x0.15 / 2
= 0.422 kN-m
BM due to overburden of earth
Triangular portion = 3x0.65x0.50x20x3x2/3)
= 39.000 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 3x3.745x20x3/2
= 337.050 kN-m
Total hogging moment = 95.386+25.472+0.422+39+337.05
= 497.33 kN-m
Design Bending Moment for Heel = 436.008 -497.33
= 61.32kN-m
Calculation of intensity of pressure at critical section for shear
As per provisions under Cl. 304.7.1.2 of IRC 21:2000 the design shear force is given as
M tanb
Design Shear force = V-
d
Where V = Design shear force across the section
Bending moment at the section due to load position
M =
corresponding to shear V
Angle between the top and the bottom edges of the beam
b =
at the section
Dia of bar = 25mm
Depth of section = 1500mm
Effective depth available = 1500 - 75 -25 / 2
= 1413mm
Intensity of pressure at critical section.
= 272.827-64.287
64.29 + [ ] x (2.65+1.4125)
5.65
= 214.233 kN / m2
Shear force due to soil pressure
= 272.827 +214.233 x 1.588 = 386.604 kN
2
650.00
Depth of slab at the critical section = 850.00 + x 1.588
3.00
= 1193.96 m [or] 1194 mm
= 1106.50 [or] 1107 mm
SF due to self weight of concrete
Rectangular portion = 1.5875 x0.85x25.0
= 33.734 kN
Triangular portion = 1.5875 x0.344x0.5x25.00
= 6.826 kN-m
SF due to self weight of concrete = 40.561 kN
SF due to overburden of earth
Triangular portion = 1.5875x0.344x0.5x20
= 8.636 kN
Rectangular portion = 1.5875x4.051x20
= 128.619 kN
SF due to overburden of earth = 137.255 kN
Total downward shear = 40.561+128.61925
= 177.816 kN
Net Shear Force for Heel = 386.604 - 177.816
= 208.788 kN

= 272.827+214.233 2x272.827+214.233 1.588
1.59 x[ ]x
2 272.827+214.233 3
= 319.172 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.5875 x0.85x25.0x1.5875/2
= 26.777 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.5875 x0.344x0.5x25.00x1.5875x1/3
= 3.612 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.5875x0.344x0.5x20x1.5875x2/3
= 9.140 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.5875x4.051x20x1.5875/2
= 102.092 kN-m
Total hogging moment = 141.620 kN-m
Bending Moment @ critical section = 319.172-141.62
= 177.55kN-m
177.552 x 0.65/2.85
Design Shear force = 208.788 -
1.107
= 208.788 - 36.580
= 172.208kN/m
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB By Limit State Method
Check for Depth of section =  [ M / k x fck x b]
Effective Depth req d Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.4560
Xumax = 0.456x1412.5
= 644.100
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd2))
= 0.0200
= 8006.073kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [61.322 x 10^6 / 0.1338 x 30 x1000]
= 124mm
= 1500 - 75- 25 / 2
= 1413mm
> 124mm HENCE OK
= 0.362x30x1000x644.1x(1412.5-0.416x644.1)
= 8006.073
Xu/d = 0.0200
Xu = 28.3mm
Ast req. = [61.322x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(1412.5-0.4x28.25)]
= 101sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement req = (491 x 1000 /101)
= 4860.0mm
= (491 x 1000 /100)
= 4909sqmm
> 101sqmm HENCE OK
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(1000x1412.5)
= 1836sqmm
< 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1000x1412.5
= 1836sqmm
< 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.025x1000x1412.5
= 35313sqmm
> 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 20sqmm
Area of steel provided = (79 x 1000 /100)
= 785sqmm
> 20sqmm HENCE OK
For Other Face

= 785sqmm
> 25sqmm HENCE OK
Area resisting shear, Ash = 1412.5x1000
= 1412500sq.mm
= 0.122Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
0.33
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck) +0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/1412.5)^0.5
= 1.376
 = Asl/bwd
Area of the Tensile Reinforcement which extends not less than
As1
= (lbd+d) beyond the consdiered section
= 1413sqmm
= 1412.5/1000x1412.5
 = 0.001
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 1500000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.376(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x1412.5)
= 0.622Mpa
0.622Mpa > 0.122Mpa
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.376^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.27
= 0.274x1,000x1412.5
= 387.025
387.025KN > 172.208KN
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB :
The critical section of the BM is at the face of the stem
0.5540m 1.1958m 0.90m 3.00m
1.75m
64.29
272.83
252.37
208.24
175.02
5.65m
Calculation of intensity of pressure at the face of stem
272.827-64.29
= 64.29 + [ ] x (3+0.9)
5.65
= 208.236 kN / m2
= 272.827+208.236 2x272.827 + 208.236 1.75
x 1.75 x[ ]x
2 272.827 + 208.236 3
= 384.798 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.6x0.85x25x(0.15+1.6/2)
= 32.3000 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.6x0.65x0.5x25.00x(0.15+1.6/3)
= 8.8833 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.15x1.5x25.0x(0.15/ 2)
= 0.4219 kN-m
BM due to self weight of concrete = 41.61 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.6x0.65x0.5x20x(0.15+1.6x2/3)
= 12.6533 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.75x0x20x1.75/2
= 0.0000 kN-m
BM due to overburden of earth = 12.65 kN-m
Design Bending Moment = 384.798 -54.258
= 330.54kN-m

M tanb
d
M =
Angle between the top and the bottom edges of the beam at
b =
the section
Dia of bar = 25mm
Effective depth available = 1500 - 75 - 25/ 2
= 1413mm
= 272.827-64.29
64.29 + [ ] x (3+0.9+1.195833
5.65
= 252.373 kN / m2
= 272.827+252.373 = 145.480 kN
x 0.554
2
650.00
1.75
= 1055.77 m [or] 1056 mm
= 969mm
Rectangular portion = 0.554 x 0.85 x 25.0
= 11.773 kN
Triangular portion = 0.554 x0.206x0.5 x 25.0
= 1.427 kN
Triangular portion = 0.554 x0.206x0.5 x 20
= 1.141 kN
Rectangular portion = 0.554 x0.444 x20
= 4.920 kN
Total downward shear = 19.260 kN
Net Shear Force = 145.48 -19.26

= 126.220 kN
= 272.827+252.373 2x272.827+252.373 0.554
0.554 x[ ]x
2 272.827+252.373 3
= 40.821 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.554 x 0.85 x 25.0x0.554/2
= 3.261 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.554 x0.206x0.5 x 25.0x0.554x2/3
= 0.527 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.554 x0.206x0.5 x 20x0.554x1/3
= 0.211 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.554 x0.444 x20x0.554/2
= 1.363 kN-m
Bending Moment @ critical section = 40.821 - 5.361
= 35.46kN-m
35.46 x0.65/1.6
0.969
= 126.22 - 14.874
= 111.346 kN
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB (By Limit State Method)

Xumax/d
/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.4560
Xumax = 0.456 x1412.5
= 644.100
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd2))
= 0.0320
= 8006.073kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [330.54 x 10^6 / 0.1338 x 30 x1000]
= 287mm
= 1500 - 75- 25 / 2
= 1413mm
> 287mm HENCE OK
= 0.362x30x1000x644.1x(1412.5-0.416x644.1)
= 8006.073
Xu/d = 0.0320
Xu = 45.2mm
= [330.54x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(1412.5-0.4x45.2)]
Ast req. = 545sqmm
= 901.0mm
= (491 x 1000 /100)
= 4909sqmm
> 545sqmm HENCE OK
fctm = 2.50Mpam Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(1000x1412.5)
= 1836sqmm
< 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1000x1412.5
= 1836sqmm
< 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.025x1000x1412.5
= 35313sqmm
> 4909sqmm HENCE OK
= 109sqmm
= 785sqmm
> 109sqmm HENCE OK
For Other Face
= 785sqmm
> 136sqmm HENCE OK
Area resisting shear, Ash = 1000x1412.5
= 1412500sq.mm
Shear stress, t = V / Ash = (111.346x10^3)/1412500)
= 0.079Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33+0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/1412.5)^0.5
= 1.376
 = Asl/bwd
As1
= 1413sqmm
= 1412.5/1000x1412.5
 = 0.001
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 1500000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.376(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x1412.5)
= 0.586Mpa
0.586Mpa > 0.079Mpa
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.376^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.27
= 0.274x1,000x1412.5
= 387.025
387.025KN > 111.346KN
DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION AT PIER LOCATION
Pier N 1 Road Level RL 99.715

7000mm
750mm 2750mm 0.000m 2750mm 750mm BOD RL 98.250
[or] RL 97.920
1500mm 750mm [or] 0.750m

[or] 1.500m
4.300m 750mm [or] 0.750m
1350mm RL 96.420
Pier Cap M-30 150mm 150mm [or] 1.350m
1500mm
[or] 1.500m
0.500m
Column Pier
M-30 [or] 2.150m Ground Level
RL 95.970 2150mm
50 4.000m
.000 2150mm
50 RL 95.970
[or] 2.150m RL 95.920
Ground Level Top of footing
1450mm
1.450m
Footing 750mm [or] 0.750m

M-30 [or] 0.700m
700mm RL 94.470
BOTTOM OF
150 150 FOOTINGS
2000 4000 2000
5.000m
1 Long./Span/Traffic 2
2350 Direction
9.000m
4300 Trans. Direction

[or] 4.300m
All Dimensions are in 'mm' and

2350 3 4 Levels in 'm' unless otherwise
specified. Do not scale down the
drawing follow figured dimension
2.000m 1.000m 2.000m
CROSS SECTION OF SUB-STRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION AT PIER LOCATION
DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE AT PIER LOCATION
The design of substructure at the pier location is based on the following data and the same is taken as critical pier
for the purpose of design.:-
DATA
Span Details Left Right
Centre to centre of expansion = 15.000m 15.000m
Overall span = 14.960m 14.960m
Effective span = 14.00m 14.00m
Span off set = 0.500m 0.500m
Width of expansion gap = 40mm
Superstructure details
Type of Super structure = T-Beam cum Slab
Depth at centre = 1.400m 1.400m
Depth at edges = 1.400m 1.400m
Carriageway of the bridge = 7.000m 7.000m
Roadway of the bridge = 9.400m 9.400m
Depth of Slab at centre = 0.250m 0.250m
Depth of Slab at edges = 0.250m 0.250m
Thickness of wearing coat at edges = 0.065m 0.065m
Thickness of wearing coat at centre = 0.065m
0 065m 0 065m
0.065m
Details of Longitudinal Girders
Number of Main Girders = 3 3
Spacing of Main Girder = 2.750m 2.750m
Width of Rib = 0.325m 0.325m
Width of bottom bulb = 0.625m 0.625m
Depth of bottom bulb rect. = 0.250m 0.250m
Depth of bottom bulb tria. = 0.150m 0.150m
Size of haunch at mid span = 0.300m x 0.150m
Size of haunch at support = 0.150m x 0.075m
Details of Cross Girders
Number of Cross Girders = 3 3
Spacing of Cross Girder = 7.000m 7.000m
Width of Rib = 0.400m 0.400m
Details of Footpaths / Kerbs / Crash barriers
Width of Crash barrier = 0.450m 0.450m
Height of Crash barrier = 1.125m 1.125m
Details of bearing
Width [Longitudinal direction] = 500mm 500mm
Length Transverse direction] = 320mm 320mm
Thickness = 80mm 80mm
Thickness of steel plate = 4mm 4mm
Thickness of Elastomer = 12mm 12mm
Top & bottom cover = 6mm 6mm
Side cover = 6mm 6mm
Number of steel plate layers = 5 5
Number of bearings = 4 4
4 x 5 + 4 x 12+ 2 x 6 = 80 mm
Substructure Details
Type of structure = Single Column
Height of pedestal = 250mm
Road level = RL 99.715
Bottom of Deck = RL 98.250
Top of Pedestal = RL 98.176
Top of Pier Cap = RL 97.926
Bottom of Pier cap = RL 96.420
Sill Level = RL 95.970
CAPPING BEAM DETAILS
Length of capping beam at top = 7.00m
Length of capping beam at bottom = 4.30m
Depth at face of column = 1.500m
Depth at free end = 0.750m
Depth of sloping portion = 0.750m
Width of capping beam = 2.000m
Off-set at the bottom of capping beam = 0.150m
cot θ = 1.500
θ = 34.000
sin θ = 0.559
cos θ = 0.83
α cw = 1.000
α cc = 0.670
Partial factor for concrete γ cc = 1.500 (10.3.1/IRC 112)
Design strength of concrete f cc = 13.400N/mm2 α cc x fc
v1 = 0.600 For fck < 80Mpa
COLUMN PIERS DETAILS
Width of Column = 4.000m
Height of Column = 0.500m
DETAIL OF FOUNDATION
Type of foundation = Open - Isolated Rect. Footing
Length of footing [in Longitudinal direction] = 9.000m
Width of footing [in Transverse direction] = 5.000m
Total depth of footing = 1.450m
Depth of footing triangular = 0.750m
Depth of footing rectangular = 0.700m
Footing off set at top = 0.150m
Length of footing at top [in longitudinal direction] = 4.300m
Width of footing at top [in transverse direction] = 4.300m
Ground level at site = RL 95.970
Scour level for design = RL 94.470
Level from which weight of earth is considered = RL 93.970
Top of footing = RL 95.920
Bottom of footing = RL 94.470
Bottom of foundation = RL 94.470
LOADING
No. of Lanes = 3
No. of Vehicle permitted
Class A Wheeled = 3
Class 70R Tracked = 1 + one lane of class A
Class 70R Wheeled = 1 + one lane of class A
Bogie axle Wheeled = 1 + one lane of class A
Dead Load from one span of superstructure = 2663.400kN
Intensity of Dead Load of Crash Barrier = 6.516kN/rm
Intensity of Dead load of Wearing Coat = 2.00kN/sq.m
MATERIAL DATA
Exposure = Moderate
Grade of Concrete for capping beam = M-30
Grade of Concrete for column pier = M-30
Grade of Concrete for pier footings = M-30
Allowable flexural stress in concrete = 10.00MPa
Allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.30MPa
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Allowable tensile stress in steel = 240Mpa
Unit weight of soil = 18kN/cu.m
for substructure = 40mm
Clear cover to any reinforcement
closet to concrete surface for foundation = 75mm
Seismic Zone = III
IMPACT FACTOR
Class A loading = 4.5 / ( 6 + L )
= 4.5 / ( 6 + 14.00 )
= 23.00 %
70R Tracked loading = 10.00 %
Class AA Tracked loading = 10.00 %
70R Wheeled loading = 23 00 %
LOAD ANALYSIS
Dead load of the superstructure
Dead Load of super structure = 2663.40kN
Live Load Refer Calc.
1.70R Tracked loading Total Load on span = 700.00 kN

4.57 700 kN 9.93
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50

RA x 14.00 = 700 x ( 4.57 / 2 + 9.93 )
RA 8550.50
= = 610.75 kN
14.00
2. 70R Wheeled loading Total Load on span = 1000.00 kN
170 170 170 170 120 120 80
1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 1.10
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 170 x ( 14.50 + 13.13 + 10.08 + 8.71 ) +
120 x ( 6.58 + 5.06) + ( 80 x 1.10 )
RA = 9376.20
= 669.73 kN
14.00
3. Class A Loading
case (i) Total Load on span = 554.00 kN
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
. 0
1.10 3. 0
3.20 . 0
1.20 .30
4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 .30
-4.30
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 27 x ( 14.50 + 13.40 ) + 114 ( 10.20 + 9.00 ) +
68 x ( 4.70 + 1.70-4.30)
RA = 2676.90
= 191.21 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 191.21 = 382.41 kN
case (ii) Total Load on span = 500.00 kN
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00
0.50 14.00 m 0.50
A B
RA x 14.00 = 114 x ( 14.50 + 13.30 ) + 68 ( 9.00 + 6.00 ) +
68 x 3.00
RA = 4393.20
= 313.80 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 313.80 = 627.60 kN
case (iii) Total Load on span = 500.00 kN
68 68 68 68 114 114
3.00 3.00 3.00 4.30 1.20 0.00
0.50 A 14.00 m B 0.50
RA x 14.00 = 68 x ( 14.50 + 11.50 ) + 68 ( 8.50 + 5.50)
114 x (1.20+0.00)
RA = 2856.80
= 204.06 kN
14.00
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 204.06 = 408.11 kN
Case (ii) Governs the design
RA for 2 lanes = 2 x 313.80 = 627.60 kN
SUMMARY OF LOADING UNDER ONE SPAN LOADED CONDITION
For Two Lanes For Three Lanes
Impact
Loading Without with Total load Without with Total load
factor
impact impact on span impact impact on span
70R Tracked 1.1000 610.75 671.83 700.00 924.55 1017.01 977.00
70R Wheeled 1.2300 669.73 823.77 1000.00 983.53 1209.74 1277.00
Class A 1.2300 627.60 771.95 554.00 612.17 752.97 831.00
1.00 70R Wheeled Governs the Design
Design Live load reaction under one span loaded condition.
Under two lane traffic RA = 669.73 kN without Impact
Total load on span = 1000.00 kN
TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION
1. 70R Wheeled loading
170 170 170 170 120 120 80
11.37
37 33.05
05 1 37
1.37 22.13
13 11.52
52 33.96
96
C.G. of the load system
170 x ( 1.37 + 4.42 + 5.79 ) + 120 x ( 7.92 + 9.44 ) + ( 80 x 13.40 )
=
1000
= 5.124 m from left end
Placing the load system with the C.G. of loading at the centre of pier
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

0.704
9.176 1.37 3.05 0.666 2.13 1.52 3.96 6.024
14.00 m 14.00 m
C A B D
0.3 0.3
Taking moments about C RA x 14.00 = 170 x ( 9.176 + 10.546 + 13.596 )
5664.06 Total load on left span = 510.00 kN
RA =
14.00 Total load on right span = 490.00 kN
= 404.58 kN
RA with impact = 404.58 x 1.2300 = 497.63 kN
Taking moments about D RB x 14.00 = 80x6.024 + 120x(9.984 + 11.504) + 170x13.634
5378.26
RB =
14.00
= 384.16 kN
RB with impact = 384.16 x 1.2300
= 472.52 kN
RA + RB without impact = 788.74 kN
RA + RB with impact = 970.15 kN
2. Class 70 R Tracked Loading 700 kN
4.570m
12.015m 12.015m
0.500m A' 14.000m A B 14.000m B' 0.500m
0.300m
350
RA = RB = [12.015+4.57/4]
14.00 Total load on left span = 350.00 kN
= 328.94kN without impact Total load on right span = 350.00 kN
= 361.83kN with impact
3. Class A Wheeled
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3
C.G. of the load system
(27x1.1)+(114x(4.30+5.50))+(68x(9.80+12.80+15.80+18.80))
=
554
= 9.09 m from left end
9.091
Placing the load system with the C.G. of loading at the centre of pier
3.591 0.21
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
5.41 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.79
9.091 9.709 B'
0.500m A' 14.000 m A B 14.000 m 0.500m
Moment about A' 0.500m
RA = ((27x(5.41+6.51))+(114x(9.71+10.91)) / 14.00
= 190.871kN [without impact] Total load on left span = 282.00 kN
RA = 234.771kN [with impact] [For two lanes] = 564.00 kN
Moment about B'
RB = (68x(4.79+7.79+10.79+13.79)) / 14.00
180.514kN [without impact] Total load on right span = 272.00 kN
RB = 222.032kN [with impact] [For two lanes] = 544.00 kN
SUMMARY OF LOADING UNDER TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION
For Two Lanes
Impact Left span Rightspan
Loading
factor without with Total Load on
without impact with impact Total Load
impact impact span
70R Tracked 1.1000 328.94 361.83 350.00 328.94 361.83 350.00
70R Wheeled 1.2300 404.58 497.63 510.00 384.16 472.52 490.00
Class A 1.2300 190.87 234.77 564.00 180.51 222.03 544.00
SUMMARY OF LOADING UNDER TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION As Per Three Lanes
For Three Lanes
Impact Left span Rightspan
Loading
factor without with Total Load on
without impact with impact Total Load
impact impact span
70R Tracked 1.1000 424.37 466.81 632.00 419.19 461.11 622.00
70R Wheeled 1.2300 500.01 615.01 792.00 474.42 583.53 762.00
Class A 1.2300 423.00 520.29 846.00 408.00 501.84 816.00
Design Live load reaction under two span loaded condition.
For Two Lane
70 R wheeled Governs the design
Left Span = 404.58 kN without Impact
Right Span = 384.16 kN without Impact
VERTICAL REACTION INDUCED DUE TO BRAKING [ As per Cl. 214.2 of IRC:6
IRC:6-2000
2000 ]
Horizontal load due to braking acting at 1.20m above road level
Under one span loaded condition.
Total load on the span = 1000.00kN + 277.00kN
20% of the load for first lane and 5% of the load in second lane = 1000 x 0.20 + 277 x 0.05
= 200.00kN + 13.85kN
Horizontal force on span = 213.85kN
Vertical reaction due to braking = 213.85 x (1.20+0.065+1.400) / 14.00
= 40.708kN
[or] 41.00 kN
Under two span loaded condition
Total load on left span = 510.00kN + 272.00kN
20% of the load for first lane and 5% of the load in second lane = 510 x 0.20 + 272 x 0.05
= 102.00kN + 13.60kN
Horizontal force on left span = 115.60kN
Vertical reaction due to braking = 115.60x (1.20+0.065+1.400) / 14.00
= 22.005kN
[or] 23.00 kN
Total load on right span = 490.00kN
20% of the load for first lane and 5% of the load in second lane = 490 x 0.20
= 98.00kN
Horizontal force on right span = 98.00kN
Vertical reaction due to braking = 98.00x (1.20 + 0.065 + 1.400) / 14.00
= 18.655kN
[or] 19.000kN
Net vertical reaction due to braking = 22.01 - 18.66
= 3.350kN
[or] 4.000kN
LONGITUDINAL FORCES:- [Ref. Cl.214.5.1.4 of IRC:6-2000 ]
Longitudinal force = fh / 2 + Vr ltc
Where Fh = Applied Horizontal force
Vr = Shear rating of elastomer bearing
ltc = Movement of deck above bearing other
than that due to applied force
No. of Bearings = 4
Size of bearing = 500 x 320 x 80 mm
Total thickness of bearing = 80mm
Effective thickness of bearing = 80 - 5 x 4
= 60mm
o
Temperature variation = ± 25 c [ Cl.218.2 of IRC:6-2000 ]
Coefficient of thermal expansion a = 12 x10-6 [ Cl.218.4 of IRC:6-2000 ]
Shear strain due to shrinkage Es = 2 x10-4 [ Cl.220.3 of IRC:6-2000 ]
= 0.0002
Strain due to temp. Variation Et = 12 x10-6 x25
= 0.0003
Total strain = Strain due to shrinkage+strain due to
temp. variation
= E t + Es
= 0.0002 + 0.0003
= 0.0005
Horizontal deformation due to above strain = 0.5 xLxa
= 0.00050 x 0.50 x 14,960
,960
= 3.740mm
Shear strain = 3.740 / 60
= 0.062333
Considering 10 % variation in the efficency of the bearing
Longitudinal force developed = 1.10 x G x Shear strain x Shearing area
x No. of bearing
= 1.10 x 0.90 x 0.062 x 4 x 308 x 488
= 37101N
Horizontal force due to temp & shrinkage alone = 37.101kN
As per Cl.214.5.1.5 of IRC 6-2000, 10% of above force is considered for design of substructure & foundation.
= 37.101x0.1
= 3.710kN
Horizontal force due to braking, Temperature and shrinkage
As per Cl.214.5.1.5 of IRC 6-2000, 10% of above force is considered for design of substructure & foundation.
One span loaded condition = 106.925 + 3.710
= 110.635kN
Two span loaded condition = (115.6+98) / 2 +(37.101x 10% )
= 110.510kN
For span Dislogged Condition = 37.101kN
For span unloaded condition = 10 % x 37.101kN
= 3.710kN
CALCULATION OF WIND FORCES
1. DEAD LOAD
SPAN LOADED CONDITION
Superstructure = T-Beam cum Slab
Ground Level/Lowest Bed level = RL 95.970
Top of footing/ Bottom of column = RL 95.920
Bottom of footing = RL 94.470
Width of pier cap = 2.000 m
Depth of pier cap = 1.500 m
Diameter of Circular Column = 4.000 m
Height of Column above Ground Level = 0.500 m
DRY CONDITION
Case (a) Wind on Moving Load
Basic wind speed in Tenkasi area = 39m/s
As per Cl: 22.3.7 IRC 6:2014 Amend. No. 8 If the wind speed at deck level, level exceeds 36m/s, the bridge
shall not be considered to carry any live load
Here the wind at deck level Vz = Vb x k1 x k2 x k3 Vb = 39m/s from fig.1
= 39.00x1.1x0.80x1 k1 = 1.06 constant
= 33.072 < 36m/s k2 = 0.8 or 0.5
Hence Wind on Live Load is Considered k3 = 1.00
Transverse Wind Force on LL FT = Pz x A1 x G x CD
Hourly mean wind pressure Pz = 0.60Vz2
= 0.60 x (Vb x k1 x k2 x k3)2
= 0.60 x (33.07)^2
= 656.25N/sqm
Length of vehicle = 18.8 m > 14.96 m
Length of vehicle is considered for calculating the exposed area
Height of crash barrier above road level = 1.13-0.065
= 1.060 m
Height of vehicle above top of crash barrier = 3.00-1.060
= 1.940
Exposed area A1 = 1.940x18.80
= 36.47sqm
Gust factor G = 2.00
Drag Coefficient CD = 1.20
Transverse wind force on LL = 656.25 x 36.47 x 2.00 x 1.20

= 57443.78 N
= 57.44 kN
Longitudinal wind force on LL = 25% of Transverse wind force
= 0.25 x 57.44
= 14.36 kN
Ft = 57.44 kN
Fl = 14.36 kN
Both transverse and longitudinal wind force act simultaneously at 1.5m above roadway
Leverarm from base of the column = 1.5+(99.715-95.920)
= 5.295 m
Lever arm from bottom of Pile Cap = 5.295 + 1.50
= 6.795 m
Transverse Moment at base of the column due to
= 57.44 x 5.295
wind on live load
= 304.165kN m
Transverse Moment at base of pilecap due to
= 57.44 x 6.795
wind on live load
= 390.330kN m
Longitudinal Moment at base of the column due
= 14.36 x 5.295
to wind on liveload
= 76.041kN m
Longitudinal Moment at base of pilecap due to
= 14.36 x 6.795
wind on liveload
= 97.583kN m
Moment at bearing g level due to Transverse wind
= 57 44 x (1.50
57.44 (1 50 + (99.715
(99 715 - 98.250)
98 250)
force on live load
= 170.321kN m
Moment at either end = 85.160kN m
Vertical force due to transverse moment
at outer bearings = 85.160 = #DIV/0!
0.000
at inner bearings = 85.160 = 0.03 kN
2750.000
Transverse Horizontal force on each beari HT = 57.444 = 28.72 kN
2
Moment at bearing level due to
= 14.36 x (1.50 + (99.715 - 98.250)
Longitudinal wind force on live load
= 42.580kN m
Vertical force due to Longitudinal moment
on each bearing at one end of span = 42.580 = 4.53 kN
4x2.75
on each bearing at other end of span = 42.580 = 4.53 kN
4x2.75
Longitudinal Horizontal force on each bea HL = 14.361 = 7.18 kN
2
1. DEAD LOAD
Case (b) Wind Force acting on Superstructure & Substructure
Superstructure
1. Transverse wind Force
Ft = Pz x A1 x G x CD Vb = 39m/s from fig.1
2
Pz = 0.60Vz k1 = 1.08 constant
= 0.60 x (Vb x k1 x k2 x k3)2 k2 = 0.8 or 0.5
= 0.60 x (33.07)^2 k3 = 1.00
= 656.25N/sqm
(i) Exposed area of superstructure
(a) Exposed area of hand rail / crash barrier
14.96 m x 1.13 = 16.830sq.m
(b) Exposed area of Kerb
14.96 x 0.00 = 0.000sq.m
(c) Slab / Girder
14.96 x 1.400 = 20.944sq.m
Total exposed area = 37.774sq.m
Transverse Wind Force FT = Pz x A x G x Cp
PZ = Hourly mean wind pressure in N/sq.m
A = Exposed area in sq.m
G = Gust factor
Cd = Drag Coefficient
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC : 6 -2000 for height up to 10m the basic speed of 33m/sec is considered
PZ = 656.25N/sq.m
G = 2.000
For Super structure
CD Calculation
b/d = 14.96 / 1.50
= 9.97 > 6 If b/d > 6 As per Cl: 212.3.3, C d = 1.3
Cd = 1.300 For Deck supported by single beam
Cd = 1.50 x 1.30 For Deck supported by two or more beams
= 1.950
FT = Pz x A x G x CD
= 656.25 x 37.77 x 2.00 x 1.95
= 96678 N
= 96.678 kN
Longitudinal Forces
FL = 25% of Ft Clause 212.3.4
= 0.25 x 96.68
= 24.170 kN
Upward or Downward Forces
Fv = Pz x A3 x G x CL Clause 212.3.5
= 656.25 x (14.96x9.40) x 2.00 x 0.75 A3 = Plan area of span
= 138427.66 N G = 2.000
= 138.428 kN CL = 0.750
Ft = 96.7 kN
Fl = 24.2 kN
Fv = 138.428 kN
Lever arm from base of the = (1.13+0.00+1.40)/2+(98.250-95.920)
column = 3.593m
= 3.593+1.60
Lever arm from bottom of pile cap
= 5.193m
Moment at bearing level due to Transverse wind force on superstructure

= 96.678 x (1.13+0.00+1.40)/2
= 122kNm
Vertical force due to Transverse moment
Moment at either end = 61.028kNm
at outer bearings = 61.028 = #DIV/0!
0.000
at inner bearings = 61.028 = 0.02 kN
2750.000
Transverse Horizontal force on each beari HT = 96.68 = 48.34 kN
2
Moment at bearing level due to Longitudinal wind force on superstructure

= 24.170 x (1.13+0.00+1.40)/2
= 30.51kNm
Vertical force due to Longitudinal moment
On each bearing at one end of = 30.514 = 3.25 kN
span 4x2.75
On each bearing at other end = 30.514 = 3.25 kN
of span 4x2.75
Longitudinal Horizontal force on each bea HL = 24.170 = 12.08 kN
2
c.) Wind Force acting on Capping Beam
1. Transverse wind force
Breadth of capping beam = 2.000m
Depth of capping beam = 1.500m @ Support
= 1.500m @ Ends
FT = Pz x A1 x G x CD
PZ = 656.25N/sq.m
A1 = 4.30 x 2.00
= 8.6sqm
G = 2.000
CD Calculation
t = [7+(7+4.30)/2 ] / 2
= 6.33
t/b = 6.33/4.30 Table 2 1
= 1.47 >=4
H/B = 2.00/4.30 >=4 0.80
= 0.465
For one span Dislodged condition
Cd = 0.800
= 656.25 x 8.60 x 2.00 x 0.80
= 9030.059 N
= 9.030 kN
For One span loaded, Two span loaded, Span Unloaded condition
As per Cl 212.4 note 4 After construction of the superstructure C d shall be derived for height to breadth ration of
40
Table 2 40
Cd = 1.150
FT = Pz x A1 x G x CD >=4 1.15
= 656.25 x 8.60 x 2.00 x 1.15
= 12980.71 N
= 12.981 kN
Average height of the Pier Cap = 1.50/2 = 0.750m
Lever arm from the base of the = 0.750+0.50 = 1.250m
Lever arm from bottom of pilec= 1.250+1.50 = 2.750m
Transverse Moment at base of the column = 12.981 x 1.250

= 16.23kN-m
Transverse Moment at bottom of pilecap = 12.981x2.750
= 35.70kN-m
d.) Wind Force acting on Column
1. Transverse wind force
PZ = 656.25N/sq.m
A1 = 0.50 x 2.00
= 1.00sqm
G = 2.000
CD Calculation
t/b = 2.00/1.50
= 1.33
H/B = 0.50/2.00
= 0.3 Table 2 6.0 1.77 10.0
As per note no.1 1 0.5 0.5
which ever is
= -1.5 r / or 0.5 1 0.5 0.500 0.5
greater
= (1-(1.5x1.50/2.00)) 4 0.5 0.5
= -0.1
= 0.50
CD = 0.50
= 656.25 x 1.00 x 2.00 x 0.50
= 656.25 N
= 0.656 kN
For One Span loaded, Two span loaded, Span Unloaded condition
As per Cl 212.4 note 4 After construction of the superstructure C d shall be derived for height to breadth ration of
40
Cd = 1.600
FT = Pz x A1 x G x CD Table 2 40
= 656.25 x 1.00 x 2.00 x 1.60 2 1.4
= 2100.01 N 1 1.6
= 2.100 kN >=4 1.20
Average height of the column = 7.50
Average height of exposed area of
= (1.13+0.00+1.40)/2 = 1.263m
superstructure above bearing level
Average height of exposed area of
= 1.263+98.250-95.920
superstructure aboe sill
= 3.593m
Lever arm from base of column = 0.50/2 = 0.250m
Lever arm from bottom of pilecap = 0.50/2+1.50 = 0.975m
Transverse Moment from base of column = 2.100x0.250

= 0.53kN-m
Transverse Moment at bottom of pilecap = 2.100x0.975
= 2.05kN-m
Summary of forces and moment due to wind
Transverse Longitudinal
Sl. Vertical Load
Description of Load Force L. A Moment Force Moment
No.
kN kN m kN-m kN kN-m
I DEAD LOAD
A Wind at base of Pier Cap
1 Wind on Superstructure
Wind force Transverse 96.68 96.68 3.593 686.359
Wind force Longitudinal 24.17 24.17 171.59
Wind force (vertical) 138.43
2 Wind on Pier Cap
Wind force Longitudinal 14.36
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 332.83 111.76 5.093 727.280 171.59 0.00
CALCULATION OF WIND FORCES
1. DEAD LOAD
SPAN LOADED CONDITION
Ground Level = RL 95.970
Top of footings = RL 95.920
Bottom of footing / foundation = RL 94.470
Width of pier cap = 2.000 m
Depth of pier cap = 1.500 m
Diameter of Circular Column = 4.000 m
Height of Column above Ground Level = 0.450 m
Transverse Forces and Moment Calculation
1. DEAD LOAD
a.) Wind Force acting on Superstructure
(i) Exposed area of superstructure
(a) Exposed area of hand rail / crash barrier
14.96 x 1.13 x 1.00 = 16.830sq.m
(b) Exposed area of Kerb
14.96 x 0.00 = 0.000sq.m
(c) Slab / Girder
14.96 x 1.400 = 20.944sq.m
Average height of the superstructure = (1.13+0.00+1.40)/2
= 1.263m
C.G of the super structure from Ground Level = 1.263+(98.250-95.970)
= 3.543m
Transverse Wind Force FT = Pz x A x G x Cp
PZ = Hourly mean wind pressure in N/sq.m
A = Exposed area in sq.m
G = Gust factor
Cp = Drag Coefficient
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC : 6 -2000 for height up to 10m the basic speed of 33m/sec is considered
PZ = 463.70N/sq.m
VZ = 27.80m/s
In this case hourly mean speed = 50.00m/s
PZ = 463.70 x (50.00/33.00)^2
= 1064.51N/sq.m
VZ = 27.80 x (50.00/33.00)^2
= 63.82m/s
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC : 6 -2000 under Cl. 212.3.3 G = 2.00
Drag coefficient for T-Beam Girder Bridge Cp = Width / depth
= 9.400/1.400
= 6.71
for b/d > 2 Cp = 1.95
FT = Pz x A x G x Cp
= 1,064.51 x 37.77 x 2.00 x 1.95
= 156821.93N
[or] 156.822kN
Wind force = 156.822kN
Lever arm = 1.263m
Moment due to wind at bearing level = 156.822x1.263
= 197.988kN-m
Vertical reaction on the inner bearing due to above moment = (197.988x4.125)/[2x(1.375^2+4.125^2)]
= 21.599kN
Vertical reaction on the outer bearing due to above moment = (197.988x1.375)/[2x(1.375^2+4.125^2)]
= 7.200kN
Total vertical force = 21.599+7.200
= 28.798kN
C.G of superstructure from bottom of pier cap = 1.2625+ (98.25 - 96.42 )
3.093m
C.G of the super structure from top of footings = 3.543+(95.970-95.920)
= 3.593m
C.G of the super structure from bottom of footings = 3.543+(95.970-94.470)
= 5.043m
Transverse moment at bottom of pier cap = 156.822x3.093
= 484.972kN-m
Transverse Moment at top of footings = 156.822x3.593
= 563.383kN-m
Transverse Moment at bottom of footings = 156.822x5.043
= 790.775kN-m
b.) Wind Force acting on Pier Cap
Depth of capping beam = 1.500m @ Support
= 0.750m @ Ends
Exposed area of Pier Cap = 2.000 x 1.50
= 3.000sq.m
t/b = 7.00 / 2.00
= 3.500
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC : 6 -2000 under Cl. 212.3.3 Table No. 2
CP = 0.85
= 1,064.51 x 3.00 x 2.00 x 0.85
= 5428.99N
[or] 5.429kN
Average height of the Pier Cap = 1.50/2
= 0.750m
C.G of the piercap from bottom of Pier Cap = 0.750
= 0.750m
C.G of the Pier Cap from top of footings = 0.750+0.450

= 1.200m
C.G of the Pier Cap from bottom of footings = 1.200+(95.920-94.470)
= 2.650m
Transverse Moment at bottom of pier cap = 5.429 x 0.75
= 4.072kN
Transverse Moment at top of footing = 5.429x1.200
= 6.515kN
Transverse Moment at bottom of footing = 5.429x2.650
= 14.39kN-m
c.) Wind Force acting on Pier
VZ = 63.82m/s
t x VZ = 4.00 x 63.82
= 255.28sq.m/s
> 6.00sq.m/s
H/B = 0.45 / 4.00
= 0.113
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC : 6 -2000 under Cl. 212.3.3 Table No. 2
CD = 0.50
PZ = 1064.51N/sq.m
Exposed area of Pier Cap A = 1.500 x 4.00
= 6.000sq.m
G = 2.00
= 1,064.51 x 6.00 x 2.00 x 0.50
= 6387.05N
[or] 6.387kN
Average height of the Pier = 0.45/2
= 0.225m
C.G of the Pier from top of footings = 0.225
= 0.225
C.G of the Pier from bottom of footing = 0.225+(95.920-94.470)
= 1.675m
= 1.437kN
= 10.70kN-m
2. LIVE LOAD
Vertical wind force FV = Pz x A x G x Cp
= 1,064.51 x 9.40 x 14.96 x 2 x 1.50
= 449086.42N
= 449.086kN
As per Cl. 212.3.7 of IRC: 6-2000 and amendment No. 8 to IRC: 6 - 2000, The bridge shall not be considered to be
carry any live load when the wind speed at deck level exceed 36m/sec.
Wind Speed at Deck Level = 63.82m/s
> 39.00m/s
Hence live load is not considered
SUMMARY
Total Transverse Force = 156.822 + 5.429 + 6.387
= 168.638kN
Transverse Moment at bottom of pier cap = 484.972 + 4.072
= 489.04kN-m
Transverse Moment at top of pile cap = 563.383 + 6.515 + 1.437
= 571.33kN-m
Transverse Moment at bottom of pile cap = 790.775 + 14.387 + 10.698
= 815.86kN-m
Longitudinal Forces and Moment Calculation
1. DEAD LOAD
As per Amendment No. 8 to IRC: 6 - 2000, the wind force on superstructure is taken as 25% of of the wind force in
transverse direction under Cl. 212.3.4
Wind force on superstructure in long. Direction = 0.25 x 156.822
= 39.21N
Vertical reaction on each bearing = 0.25 x197.988
14 x 3
= 1.18 kN
C.G of the super structure from bottom of pier cap = 3.093m
[ From Previous Calculation]
C.G of the super structure from top of pile cap = 3.593m
C.G of the super structure from top of pile cap = 5.043m
Longitudinal Moment at bottom of pier cap = 39.205x3.093
= 121.243kN-m
Longitudinal Moment at top of pile cap = 39.205x3.593
= 140.846kN-m
Longitudinal Moment at bottom of pile cap = 39.205x5.043
= 197.694kN-m
Check for Minimum Wind Force
As per IRC: 6 - 2000 under Cl. 212.2.6, the above calculated wind forcee shall not be less than 450kg/linear metre in
the plane of loaed structure.
Minimum Wind Force = 450 x 14.960
= 67320.0N
[or] 67.320kN
Maximum Wind force on dead load and live load = 156.822 + 5.429 + 6.387
= 168.638kN
> 67.320kN
Hence Safe
WIND FORCE ON UNLOADED STRUCTURE
As per IRC: 6 - 2000 under Cl. 212.7, the wind force on unloaded structure not be less than 240kg/sq.m.
Wind force FT = 240 x 37.774

= 90657.6N
[or] 90.658kN
C.G of the super structure at bottom of pier cap = 3.093m
C.G of the super structure from top of footings = 3.593m
C.G of the super structure from bottom of footings = 5.043m
= 280.359kN-m
= 325.687kN-m
= 457.141kN-m
= 7200.0N
[or] 7.200kN
= 5.400kN-m
Transverse Moment at TOP of footing = 7.200x1.200
= 8.640kN-m
= 19.080kN-m
= 14400.0N
[or] 14.400kN
C.G of the super structure from top of footings = 0.225
= 3.240kN-m
= 24.120kN-m
SUMMARY
= 112.258kN
< 168.638kN
Transverse Moment at bottom of pier cap = 280.359+5.400
= 285.76kN-m
< 489.04kN-m
Transverse Moment at top of footings = 325.687 + 8.640 + 3.240
= 337.57kN-m
< 571.335kN-m
Transverse Moment at bottom of footings = 457.141 + 19.080 + 24.120
= 500.34kN-m
< 815.860kN-m
WIND FORCE ON ONE SPAN DISLODGED CONDITION
As per IRC: 6 - 2000 under Cl. 212.7, the wind force on unloaded structure not be less than 240kg/sq.m.
Total exposed area = 37.774 / 2
= 18.887sq.m
= 45328.8N
[or] 45.329kN
C.G of the super structure at bottom of pire cap = 3.093m
= 140.179kN-m
= 162.844kN-m
= 228.570kN-m

= 7200.0N
[or] 7.200kN

= 5.400kN-m
Transverse Moment at TOP of footings = 7.200x1.200
= 8.640kN-m
= 19.080kN-m
= 14400.0N
[or] 14.400kN
C.G of the super structure from top of footings = 0.225
= 3.240kN-m
= 24.120kN-m
SUMMARY
= 66.929kN
< 5.400kN
Transverse Moment at top of pier cap = 140.179 + 5.400
= 145.58kN-m
< 285.759kN
Transverse Moment at top of footings = 162.844 + 5.400 + 3.240
= 171.48kN-m
< 337.567kN
Transverse Moment at bottom of footings = 228.570 + 19.080 + 24.120
= 250.89kN-m
< 1064.509kN
Summary of forces and moment due to wind
Vertical Transverse Longitudinal
Sl. Load
Description of Load Force L. A Moment Force Moment
No.
kN kN m kN-m kN kN-m
I DEAD LOAD
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 479.06 168.64 3.843 489.044 39.21 121.24
B Wind at top of footings
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 1437.19 168.64 571.335 39.21 140.85
C Wind at Bottom of footings
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 1437.19 168.64 815.860 39.21 197.69
II WIND FORCE ON UNLOADED STRUCTURE
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 479.06 112.26 3.843 285.759 39.21 121.24
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 1437.19 112.258 4.793 337.567 39.21 140.85
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 1437.19 112.26 500.341 39.21 140.85
III WIND FORCE ON ONE SPAN DISLOGED
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 270.69 66.93 145.579 19.60 60.62
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 46.73 66.93 4.793 174.724 19.60 98.85
2 Wind on Pier Cap
3 Wind on Pier
Total: 46.73 66.93 9.368 271.770 19.60 70.42
DESIGN OF PIER CAP/CAPPING BEAM
SEISMIC EFFECT FOR PIER CAP/CAPPING BEAM
As per IS:1893-1984 horizontal reactions at bearing level are calculated.
Cl: 222 of IRC 6-2000 INDIAN HIGHWAYS JAN 2003
Horizontal Seismic force
Horizontal Seismic force to be resisted Feq = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live
Load)
Horiaontal Seismic Co-Efficient Ah =
= ( Z / 2 )*( Sa / g )
(R/I)
Zone = III Zone Z
III 0.16
1.00 Other bridges
Respoance Factor R = 2.00
Sa / g = 2.50
Ah = ( Z / 2 )*( Sa / g )
(R/I)
= (0.16 / 2 ) x 2.5
2 / 11.2
2
= 0.12
Seismic Transverse Analysis
Horizontal Force:
Dead Load
a) Dead Load From Superstructure = 2,663.40 x 0.12
= 319.61kN
b) Self Weight of Caping Beam = 480 x 0.12
= 57.60kN
Live Load
One Span Loaded Condition
20% Live Load acts for seismic load
Maximum Live Load Reaction = 823.77 x 0.12 x 0.2
= 19.77KN
Two Span Loaded Condition
= 23.28KN
Total horizontal Transverse force
One Span Loaded Condition = 319.61+57.60+19.77
= 396.98kN
Two Span Loaded Condition = 319.61+57.60+23.28
= 400.49kN
Lever arm for Superstructure = (BOD - Bottom of Pier Cap)
(Lever arm for Dead & Live Load) e = 98.25-96.42

= 1.830m
Lever arm for Pier Cap = 1.5 / 2
= 0.750m
Transverse moment due to Horizontal Seismic force

Due to Superstructure = 319.61 x 1.830
= 584.88kNm
Due to Pier Cap = 57.60 x 0.750
= 43.20kNm
Due to Live load = 19.77 x 1.830
= 36.18kNm
Total = 664.26kNm
= 584 88kN
584.88kNm
= 43.20kNm
= 42.61kNm
Total = 670.69kNm
Moment due to Dead Load of Superstructure
Moment due to Dead Load of Superstructure = 319.61 x 1.400 / 2
= 223.73kNm
Moment at either end = 223.73 / 2
= 111.86kNm
2 2
Distance of Vertical Reaction for Outer Girder = ( 1.375 + 4.125 )x2
4.125
= 9.167m
2 2
Distance of Vertical Reaction for Inner Girder = ( 1.375 + 4.125 )x2
1.375
= 27.500m
Change in vertical reaction in outer girder = 111.863 / 9.167
= 12.20kN
Change in vertical reaction in inner girder = 111.863 / 27.500
= 4.07kN
Moment due to Live Load of Superstructure
Height from wheel = 1.200m
Moment due to Dead Load of Superstructure = 19.77 x ( 1.2 + 1.4 ) / 2
= 25.70kNm per bearing
= 12.85kNm
= 1.40kN
= 0.47kN
Vertical Reaction due Dead & Live Load
@ Outer Girder = 12.20+1.40
= 13.61kN
@ Inner Girder = 4.07+0.47
Two Span Loaded Condition 4.54kN
= 15.13kNm
Change
Ch iin vertical
i l reaction
i iin outer girder
id = 15
15.134
134 / 99.167
167
= 1.65kN
= 0.55kN
Vertical Reaction due Dead & Live Load
@ Outer Girder = 12.20+1.65
= 13.85kN
@ Inner Girder = 4.07+0.55
= 4.62kN
Critical Section for shear from face of equivalent = 0.000m
square [Vide Previous Calculation]
Distance from the outer girder = 0.600m
Distance from the inner girder = 0.000m
Transverse Moment due to above vertical reaction = (13.85x0.600) + (4.62x0.
= 8.31kNm
Moment due to Dead Load alone(One Span Dislodged)
Dead Load From Superstructure = 2,663.40 x 0.12 / 2
= 159.80kN
Total Horizontlal Transverse Force = 57.6 + 159.80
= 217.40kN
= 397.85kNm
= 163.05kNm
Total = 560.90kNm
Transverse Moment due to vertical reaction = (12.20 x 0.600 / 2)+(4.07 x 0.000 / 2)
3.66kNm
Moment due to Dead Load alone(Span Unloaded Condition)

Dead Load From Superstructure = 2,663.40 x 0.12
= 319.61kN
= 377.21kN
= 584.88kNm
= 282.91kNm
Total = 867.79kNm
T
Transverse M
Momentt ddue tto vertical
ti l reaction
ti = (12 20 x 00.600
(12.20 600 x 2) (4 07 x 0 x 2)
2)+(4.07
= 14.64kNm
Seismic Longitudinal Analysis
Span unloaded Condition
Horiaontal Force
Dead Load
a) Dead Load From Superstructure = 2663.4 x 0.12
= 319.61kN
= 57.60kN
Total horizontal force = 319.61 + 57.60
= 377.21kN
Moment at bottom of Pier cap
= 584.88kNm
= 43.20kNm
= 628.1kN
= 223.73kNm
Vertical reaction in outer girder = 223.73 / 14.00
= 15.98kN
Longitudinal eccentricity = 0.300m
Longitudinal moment due to vertical reaction = 15.98 / 0.300
= 53.27kN
Span Dislodged Condition
Horiaontal Force
Dead Load
a) Dead Load From Superstructure = 1331.7 x 0.12
= 159.80kN

= 57.60kN
= 217.40kN
Moment at bottom of Column
= 292 44kN
292.44kNm
= 43.20kNm
= 335.64kNm
Longitudinal moment due to vertical reaction = 53.27 / 2
= 26.63kNm
DESIGN OF CAPPING BEAM
DATA :-
Depth of capping beam @ Support = 1.500m
@ Ends = 0.750m
Length of column pier = 4.000m
Live load eccenticity = 2.655m
As per Cl. 307.2.1 0f IRC: 78-2000, the critical section for B.M is at the face of the eqivalent square
2
Critical Section for bending moment from face of equivalent square = /4x 4.00 + 0.15
2
a = 12.5664 + 0.15
a = 3.545m + 0.15
= 4.000-3.545/2 + 0.15
= 0.2275 + 0.15
= 0.378m
= (1.500+0.378)-0.750
= 1.128m
Cantilver span for Bending Moment = 1128mm
[or] 1.128m
C/L of ppier/symmetry
y y
750 2750 0 2750 750
Critical Section
1.128m 750
1.878m
2000 2000
750
1350mm 4000mm 1350mm
150mm 150mm
1500mm 1500mm
Calculation of self weight of Pier cap

= [7.000 x 2.000 x 0.750 + 4.300 x 2.000 x 0.750
+ ( 3.000 / 2) x 2.000 x 0.750] x 25
= [ 10.500 + 6.450 + 2.250 ] x 25
= 19.200 x 25
= 480.00kN
CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD BENDING MOMENT
B.M. due to self weight of cantilever portion of capping beam about critical section
= (1.878 x 2.00 x 0.75 x 25 )x (1.878/2)
+ 0.150 x 2.00 x 0.750 x 25 x 0.150/2
+ 1/2 x 1.350 x 2.00 x 0.75 x 25 x ( 1.350/3 + 0.150 )
= 42.188 + 0.422 + 15.188
= 57.80kN-m
B.M. due to Dead load of superstructure
Dead load reaction = 2,663.4 / 4
= 665.850kN
B.M. due to D.L = 665.85 x 1.128
= 750.78kN-m
or 751.00kN-m
CALCULATION OF LIVE LOAD BENDING MOMENT
Reaction from superstructure with impact = 823.77 kN
Reaction on the outer most bearing = 823.77 823.766x2.655x2.750
+
4 2.75^2
= 1001.25 kN
B.M. due to Live load = 1,001.25 x 1.128
= 1128.96kN-m
or 1129.00kN-m
B.M. due to Braking force
Vertical reaction due to braking = 41.00 kN
Reaction on the outer most bearing = 41.000x2.655
= 108.86 kN
B.M. due to braking force = 108.86 x 1.128
= 122.74kN-m
or 123.00kN-m
B.M. due to Wind Force = 121.24kN-m
Total Bending Moment(Without Wind) = 1,129.00+123.00+57.80+751.00
= 2060.80kN-m
Torsional Moment
Torsinal moment due to vertical reaction = 1,001.250 x 0.78
= 775.969kN-m
Torsional Moment due to braking = 108.855 x 0.78
= 84.363kN-m
Torsional Moment due to braking,Temperature and (110.64 / 4) x (1.128 / 2)
=
shrinkage
= 15.593kN-m
Total Torsional Moment = 775.969 + 84.363+15.59
= 875.925kN-m
Equivalent B.M due to torsion = T ( 1+ D / b ) / 1.70
= 875.92 x ( 1 + 1.50 / 2.00 ) / 1.70
= 901.687kN-m
or 902.00kN-m
Total design B.M(without Wind) = 902.000+2,060.797
= 2962.797kN-m
Total design B.M(with Wind) = 2,962.797+121.243
= 3084.040kN-m
TWO SPAN LOADED
Reaction from superstructure with impact = 970.15 kN
= 2575.739kN
B.M. due to Live load = 2,575.74 x 1.128
= 2904.27kN-m
or 2905.00kN-m
B.M. due to Braking force
Vertical reaction due to braking = 4.00 kN
= 10.62 kN
B.M. due to braking force = 10.62 x 1.128
= 11.97kN-m
or 12.00kN-m
B.M. due to Wind Force = 121.24kN-m
Total design B.M.(without Wind) = 2,905.00 + 12.00+57.80+751
= 3725.80kN-m
Torsional Moment
Torsinal moment due to vertical reaction = 2,575.739 x 0.78
= 1996.198kN-m
Torsional Moment due to braking = 10.620 x 0.78
= 8.231kN-m
Torsional Moment due to braking,Temperature and = (110.51 / 4) x (1.128 / 2)
shrinkage = 15.576kN-m
Total Torsional Moment = 1,996.198 + 8.231+15.576
= 2020.004kN-m
= 2,020.00 x ( 1 + 1.50 / 2.00 ) / 1.70
= 2079.416kN-m
or 2080.00kN-m
Total design B.M(Without Wind) = 3,725.797 + 2,080.000
= 5805.797kN-m
Total design B.M(With Wind) = 121.243 + 5,805.797
= 5927.040kN-m
ONE SPAN DISLODGED
B.M. due to Self Weight of caping Beam = 57.80kN-m

Dead load reaction = 665.850 / 2
= 332.925kN
B.M. due to D.L = 332.93 x 1.128
= 375.39kN-m
or 376.00kN-m
B.M due to Wind force = 60.62kN-m
Total B.M.(without Wind) = 376.000+57.797
= 433.80kN-m
or 434.00kN-m
Torsional Moment
Due to Dead Load = 332.93 x 0.775

= 258.02kN-m
Total Torsional Moment = 258.017+5.229
= 263.246kN-m
= 263.25 x ( 1 + 1.50 / 2.00 ) / 1.70
= 270.989kN-m
or 271.00kN-m
Total design B.M.(without Wind) = 434.00 + 271.000
= 705.000kN-m
Total design B.M.(with Wind) = 60.62 + 705.000
= 765.621kN-m
SPAN UNLOADED
B.M. due to Self Weight of caping Beam = 57.80kN-m

B.M. due to D.L = 751.00kN-m
B.M due to Wind force = 121.24kN-m
Total B.M.(without Wind) = 751.000+57.797
= 808.80kN-m
or 809.00kN-m
Torsional Moment
Due to Dead Load = 751.00 x 0.775

= 582.03kN-m
Total Torsional Moment = 582.025+0.523
= 582.548kN-m
= 582.55 x ( 1 + 1.50 / 2.00 ) / 1.70
= 599.682kN-m
or 600.00kN-m
Total design B.M.(without Wind) = 809.00 + 600.000
= 1409.000kN-m
Total design B.M.(with Wind) = 121.24 + 1,409.000
= 1530.243kN-m
SUMMARY
B.M Without Wind
One Span Loaded = 2962.80 kN-m

p
Two Spans Loaded = 5805.80 kN-m
One Span Dislodged Condition = 705.00 kN-m
Span Unloaded Condition = 1409.00 kN-m
Design Bending Moment = 5805.80 kN-m
B.M With Wind
One Span Loaded = 3084.04 kN-m

Two Spans Loaded = 5927.04 kN-m
One Span Dislodged Condition = 765.62 kN-m
Span Unloaded Condition = 1530.24 kN-m
Design Bending Moment = 5930.00 kN-m
Summary of moments under various load combination
Under Normal Case
Sl. One Span Factored
Load details Factor Two Span Loaded Factored Moment
No. Loaded Moment
"in kN-m" "in kN-m" "in kN-m" "in kN-m"
1 Due to Self weight of Capping beam 1.2 57.80 69.36 57.80 69.36
2 Due to Dead Load of Superstructure 1.35 750.78 1013.55 750.78 1013.55
3 Due to Live Load 1.5 1128.96 1693.43 2905.00 4357.50
4 Due to Braking Force 1.5 123.00 184.50 12.00 18.00
5 Due to Torsional Moment 1.5 902.00 1353.00 2080.00 3120.00
Total [without wind] 2962.53 4313.84 5805.57 8578.40
6 Due to wind 1.15 121.24 139.43 121.24 139.43
Total [with wind] 3083.77 4453.27 5926.82 8717.83
Design B.M under Normal case = 8578.405kN-m

Design B.M under Wind case = 8717.834kN-m
Under One span Loaded condition
Factored Shear Force
D.L from superstructure = 1.35 x 665.850kN = 898.9kN
Live Load Vertical reaction = 1.5 x 1001.250kN = 1501.88kN
Vertical reaction due to braking = 1.5 x 108.855kN = 163.283kN
Self weight of Capping Beam = 1.2 x 33.398kN = 40.078kN
T t l Factored
Total F t d = 2604 134kN
2604.134kN
Equivalent shear due to torsion, T = 1,001.250 x 0.775 x 1.5
= 1163.95kN-m
CHECK FOR CORBEL ACTION
According to Cl.710.9.1 of IRC:78-2000, the capping beam is do be designed as a corbel
if a / d' < 1 a=
a / d' = 1,127.55 / 1,396.00 1127.55
= 0.808
< 1.00 d' = 1396.0mm
Hence Section to be checked for corbel action
DESIGN OF CAPPING BEAM By Limit State Method
Design Bending Moment = 8717.83kN-m [or] 8717834067N-mm
Dia. of Stirrups reinforcement = 16 mm
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.4560
Xumax = 0.4560 x 1,396
= 636.6124
k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1338
=  [8,717.834 x 10^6 /2000 x 0.1338x30]
= 1042.2178mm
Effective depth available = 1,500 - 40 - 16 - 32 - 32 / 2
= 1396mm
> 1042mm
Hence OK
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Area of steel
where, R = M/bd2
= 8,717.834 x10^6/ 1,396^2 x 2,000
= 2.237
= (2,000x1,396x30)/(2x500)x[1-sqrt(1-4.61x2.237/30)])
= 83760 x 0.1899
= 15907sqmm
Determination of Depth of Neutral axis
By Direct computation
Xu = 0.87x500x15,906.77
d 0.36x30x1396x2000
= 0.2295
Xu = 0.229x1396
= 320.345mm
Check for Mu Limit Referring Table C from SP -16
Mu limit = 0.134
fck b d^2
= 0.134x30x2000x1396^2
= 15640.927kN-m > 8717.83kN-m
Determination of Pt,lim
Referring Table C from SP-16
Pt,lim x fy/fck = 18.87
Therefore Pt,lim = 18.87x30/500
Pt,lim = 1.1322 %
Provide 32mm dia - 10 Nos @ Top Layer and
32mm dia - 10 Nos @ Bottom Layer
Area of steel provided = 804x10.0 + 804x10.0
= 16085sqmm
> 15907sqmm
Hence OK
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 16,085x100/(2000x 1396)
= 0.5761 % < 1.1322 %
(As per Section 16.6.1.1 of IRC 112:2011)
Minimum Tensile Reinforcement As,min = 0.26x(fctm/fyk)btd > 0.0013xbtd
= 4368.00sqmm > 3900.00sqmm
fctm = 2.80Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC
Hence OK
Maximum Tensile Reinforcement = 0.025 A c
= 75000.0sqmm > 16085.0sqmm
As,min = 0.85 b d / fy
= 0.85 x2,000x1,500/500
5100.00sqmm
Compression side Reinforcement at Bottom = 25% of Main Steel Required
Minimum steel to be provided = 15,907 x 0.25
= 4021sq.mm
Provide 7 Nos. of 32 mm dia rods in one layer
Area of steel provided = 805 x7
= 5635sq.mm
> 4021sq.mm
HENCE SAFE
(iii) Ast min (for crack control) = kc. k. fctm. Act
As per Cl 12.3.3 (1) of IRC 112-2011 σs
k = 0.65
kc = 0.4 x [1 - σc ] <= 1
k1 (h/h*) fct,eff
σc = NED/Ac
= 3.9E-10
kc = 0.4
σs = 160 (Refer table 12.2 of IRC 112-2011)
(Area in tension) Act = 2,000x750
= 1500000sqmm
Therefore Ast min = 6093.750sqmm
Determination of Ast to be provided (Bottom steel)
25 % of Ast required = 0.25 x 4,021.24
= 1005.3sqmm
Minimum Ast required = 1005.3sqmm
Check for Torsion (At face of support) as per cl.10.2.3(1) of IRC 112-2011
Factored torsional moment = 1163.953kN-m
Factored Shear force = 2604.134kN-m
tef,i = A/u (Refer fig 10.15 of IRC 112-2011)
= 661.410mm (Designer's Guide)
Tef,min = 2x(40+32/2)
= 112.0mm
tef,max = 750.0mm
Effective thickness tef = 661.410mm
Area enclosed by centre line Ak = 2620544sq.mm
Uk = (1500-661.410494290099)x2+(2000-661.410494290099)x2
= 4354.358mm
Maximum Resistance of a member subject to torsion and shear cl.10.5.2.1.(4) of IRC 112-2011
Trd.max = 2 x v x acw x fcd x Ak x tef.i x sin θ x cos θ
V = Reduction factor for concrete - cl 10.3.2 of IRC : 112-2011 0.6 x ( 1- (fck/310))
v = 0.54
ζef,i = Ted
2 x Ak x tef,i
ζef,i = 1163953476.92045
2x2620544x661.410494290099
= 0.336N/mm2
Trd.max = 2x0.542x1x13.40x2620544x0.34x0.559x0.829
= 5924.515kN-m
Shear due to torsion V edi = tt,l x tef,l x Zi
= 0.336x661.410494290099x1256/1000
= 278.936 kN
Side face reinforcement(for torsion) cl. 10.5.2.1 (Eq. 10.49) of I : 112-2011
Area of reinforcement required Asl = Ted x cot θ x Uk
2 x Ak x fyd
= 1,163.953 x 10^6 x 1.50 x 4,354.358
2 x2,620,544.000 x500
= 2901.079mm2
Total Asl for all four sides
Distribution the above steel all the 4 sides
Asl in each side face = 1058.3mm2
Asl in top face = 1842.8mm2
Asl in bottom face = 1842.8mm2
As per cl.16.5.4 of IRC: 112-2011
minimum side face reinforcement = 0.01Act.ext
= 0.01 x 40 x 661.410 x 2
= 529.1mm2
Surface reinforcement required = 1058.3mm2
Side Face Reinforcement
As per Cl.26.5.13 of IS:456-2000, the total area of side face reinforcement shall not be less than 0.1% of web area
distributed equally on both faces
The total area of side face reinforcement shall not be less than
0.1% of web area distributed equally on both faces.
Area = 0.10 x 2,000 x 1,500 / 100
= 3000sq. mm
Number of 16 mm dia rods required 2901.08
=
201.06
= 14.43
= 15 Nos.
Adopting 3 nos 16 mm dia in uniform depth and
9 nos 16 mm dia in varying depth = [3x201+9x201.1] x 2
= 4825.486mm2 > 3000.000mm2
HENCE SAFE
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Effective Depth = 1396.00mm
Breath of Section = 2000 mm
Area resisting shear, Ash = 1,396 x 2000
= 2792000sq.mm
Shear stress, t = V / Ash = (2,604.134x10^3)/2,792,000.00
= 0.933Mpa
As per Section 10.3.2 of IRC 112:2011,
VRd.c >= VED
VRd.c = [0.12k(80ρ 1fck)0.33 + 0.15σ cp]bwd
K = 1+√(200/d) <= 2
= 1+SQRT((200/1396))
= 1.379
ρ1 = A s1/bw
Area <= Reinforcement
ofd the Tensile 0.02 which
As1 = extends not less than (l bd+d) beyond the
= 16085sq.mm
ρ1 = 0.006
σcp = NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd
NED = Applied Longitudinal force = 2604.13kN
= 0.446fck
13.38
Ac = 3000000sq.mm
σcp = 0.87N/mm2 <= 2.7
VRd.c = 0.12x1.379(80x0.02x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x2000x1396)
= 2.78
VED = 0.933Mpa < 2.78
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT NOT REQUIRED
Provide 2 legged 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c
As per Cl.10.3.3.2 of IRC 112.2011
Asw provided = 157sq.mm
VRd.s = (Asw/s)Zfywdcot
VRd.max = cwbwzv1(fcd/(cot+tan))
cot = 1 (must be in b/w 1 and 2.5)
z = 0.9d
cw = 1 for cp = 0
= 1 + cp/fcd for 0<cp< = 0.25f cd
= 1.25 for0.25fcd<cp<=0.5fcd
= 2.5(1-cp/fcd) for0.5fcd<cp<1fcd
fywd = 0.8fywk = 400Mpa
v1 = 0.6 for fck<=80Mpa
= 0.9-fck/250 > 0.5 for fck>80Mpa
if v1=v then 0.67fck can be us
v = 0.6(1-(fck/310)) fck in Mpa
VRd.s = (157.080/150)0.9x1396x400x1
= 526281 kN
VRd.max = 1x2,000.0x 0.9 x0.6(13.38/(1+1))
= 7225 kN
7225 kN > 2604.13kN OK
As per Cl.10.3.3.5 Minimum Shear Reinforcement
Minimum Shear reinforcement ratio (min)
min = 0.072fck/fyk
= 0.072x(30/500)^0.5
= 0.017636
Minimum Shear reinforcement = 49241sq.mm < 157sq.mm OK
Vertical stirrups angle = 90
w = Asw/sbwsin
= 157.080/(150x2000x0.894)
= 0.0006
As per note of Cl.10.3.3.2, IRC 112.2011
Max. eff. c/s area of shear reinforcement A sw.max can be calculated from the Eq.
(Asw.max fywd/bws) <= 0.5cwv1fcd
Asw.max <= (0.5cwv1fcd)bws/fywd
= (0.5x1x0.6x13.38)x2000x150/400
= 3010.500 > 157sq.mm OK
Check for Interaction of Shear and torsion
Ted + VED <= 1.00
Trd,max VRd, max
1163.9535 + 933 = 0.532 OK
5924.51 2778.27
Transverse Reinforcement Provided as stirrups for Shear & Torsion

cl.10.3.3.1 of IRC 112-2011
VRd.s = Asw Z fywd cot Φ
S
z = 0.9 mm
Asw = 526,280.83
S 0.90x400x1.50
= 0.9746mm2/mm < VRd, Max
10mm 2L
Spacing of stirrups = 150mm
Maximum Bending moment case:
at face of
Description Unit support
(interior) Details
Design moment kNm 8717.834 taken from staad output
distance of load
from centre of
bearing 36 centre of bearing to load pt - distance is used
d mm 1396 Eff . Depth=overall depth-effective cover
xu / d 0.2295 Neutral axis depth / eff.depth
xu mm 320.3446 Neutral axis depth
xu/d<xumax/d OK check if neutral axis with in limit
Mu limit kNm 15640.93 Limiting moment
Mu < Mu lim OK check if Mu is with limiting moment
2
Astflex required mm 15906.77 Ast for flexure
bt mm 1.800 Mean width of tension zone
2
Min steel reqd mm 4368.00 0.26 x fctm x b x d / fyk
2
Min steel reqd mm 3900.00 0.0013 x b x d
3
Min steel reqd mm 5100.00 0.85 x b x d / fy
2
Maxi of above mm 5100.00 Maximum of minimum steel required
2
Max steel mm 15906.77 0.025 Ac = 0.025 x b x d
check for Ast OK Ast reqd > Ast min < Ast max
z mm 0.9 Lever Arm
tef,i mm 661.4105 A/ u
tef min mm 112 2 x cover + dia of bar / 2
tef max mm 750 min ( d / 2, bt / 2 )
tef mm 661.4105 Design value of tef
Ak 2620544 Area enclosed = ( Depth - tef ) x ( Width - t ef)
Uk mm 4354.358 perimeter = [(depth - tef ) x ( width - t ef )
TRd. Max kN 5924.515 torsional resistance > max torsion ok
ζef,i N/mm2 0.336 Ted / 2 x Ak x tef,i
Vedi kN 278.936 tt,l x tef,l x Zi
Design shear
2883.069
Ved kN Ved = Vedi + V
Design shear
Ved' (Reduced) kN 2883.069 Ved' = b x V+ Vedi
VRd. Max kN 7225.200 Shear resistance >Design shear at d ok
Ted / TRd.max +
Ved / Ved max 0.532 less than 1 ok
Asl top face 1842.822 Distributing total value to top face
Asl bottom face 1842.822 Distributing total value to bottom face
Asl side face 1058.257 Distributing total value to each side face
provide greater of 0.25 Ast,min Ast - bottom = max of Ast reqd due to torsion to
Ast reqd bottom 1005.310 moment
Total Ast reqd provide greater of 0.25 Ast,min Ast - bottom = max of Ast reqd due to torsion to
bottom 1005.310 moment
Asw / s mm2/mm 0.975 VRd = Asw Z fywd cot Φ / s
shear
reinforcement Assuming 10 2L
Spacing mm 150 Spacing of stirrups required for reduced Ved
w 0.0006 Asw / ( s x bw x sinα)
min 0.0176 0.072 x √fck / fyk
check OK check for minimum reinforcement
Maximum shear case:-

at face of
(interior) Details
distance of load
from centre of
2
Min steel reqd mm2 4368.00 0.26 x fctm x b x d / fyk
2
2
Maxi of above mm 5100.00 Maximum of minimum steel required
2
Max steel mm 15906.77 0.025 Ac = 0.025 x b x d
z mm 0.9 Lever Arm
tef,i mm 661.4105 A/ u
tef max mm 750 min ( d / 2, bt / 2 )
Ak 2620544
Area enclosed = ( Depth - tef ) x ( Width - t ef)
Design shear
4140.000
Design shear 4140.000
Ved' (Reduced) kN Ved' = b x V+ Vedi
Ted / TRd.max +
0.423
Ved / Ved max less than 1 ok
shear
min 0.0176 0.072 x √fck / fyk
Maximum torsion case:-
at face of
(interior) Details
distance of load
from centre of
2
2
Min steel reqd mm 4368.00 0.26 x fctm x b x d / fyk
2
Maxi of above mm2 5100.00 Maximum of minimum steel required
Max steel mm2 15906.77 0.025 Ac = 0.025 x b x d
z mm 0.9 Lever Arm
tef,i mm 661.4105 A/ u
tef max mm 750 min ( d / 2, bt / 2 )
Ak 2620544
Area enclosed = ( Depth - tef ) x ( Width - t ef)
Design shear
2883.069
Design shear
Ved' (Reduced) kN 2883.069 Ved' = b x V+ Vedi
Ted / TRd.max +
Ved / Ved max 0.000 less than 1 ok
shear
min 0.0176 0.072 x √fck / fyk
Serviceability check
Determination of Depth of Neutral axis
By Direct computation
Xu = 0.87x500x16,084.95
d 0.36x30x1396x2000
= 0.2320
Xu = 0.232x1396
= 323.933mm
Nuetral axis depth from top = 323.933mm
Dist of comp force from top y = 107.978mm
Bending moment by seismic force = 584.883 kNm
Stress in steel = M
( d - x/3 ) As
= 584882640
(1,396.00-107.98)x16,084.95
Stress in steel = 28.23N/mm2
Dia of bar used = 32mm
Spacing of bars provided = 99.00mm
Calculation of crack width
As per cl 12.3.4 IRC 112-2011 pg 125
Wk = Sr max ( ξsm - ξcm)
Wk = crack width
Sr max = max crack spacing
ξ sm = mean strain in the reinforcement
ξ cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks
Sr max can be calculated from equations 12.8, 12.11, 12.12 of IRC 112-2011
If spacing of bonded reinft < 5(c+dia/2)
c = 40mm
Spacing of bonded reinft provided = 99.00mm Eq 12.8 can be used
5(c+dia/2) = 280.00mm
< 5(c+dia/2)
Eq 12.8
Sr max = 3.4 c +(0.425 k1 k2 Φ)
ρ ρeff
k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars. 1.6 for bars with plain surface
k2 = 0.5 for bending , 1.0 for pure tension
Φ = 32mm
ρ ρeff = As
A ceff
A ceff = bw x h ceff
h ceff = lesser value of 2.5* (h-d), (h-x/3), h/2
h = 1500mm d = 1396mm
h ceff = lesser value of 2.5*(h-d)
= 260
(h-x)/3 = 392
h/2 = 750mm
h ceff = 260mm x 260mm
A ceff = 2000 mm x 260
= 520000.0mm2
ρ ρeff = 16085sqmm
520000.0mm2
= 0.0309
Sr max = 3.4x40+(0.425x0.8x0.5x32)/)0.031
= 311.866 mm
Sr max = 3.4c + 0.17 Φ / ρ ρeff
= 3.4x40+0.17x32/0.0309
= 311.866 mm
If spacing of bonded rft is => 5(c+dia/2) Eq 12.12 can be used
Eq 12.12
Sr max = 1.30(h-x) = 1.3(1500-323.933)
= 1528.89 mm
Sr max = 312 mm
(ξ sm - ξ cm) = σ sc - kt f ct eff
(1+αe ρ p eff )
ρ ρeff
Es
σ sc = 28.23N/mm2
kt = 0.5 >= 0.6 σ sc / Es
f ct eff = 2.77N/mm2
α e = Es/Ecm
Ecm = 31 Refer table 6.5 - IRC 112-2011)
α e = 200
31
= 6.4516129
ρ ρeff = 0.0309
As per eq 12.6 IRC 112-2011
(ξ sm - ξ cm) = 28.23-0.5x2.77(1+6.452x0.031)
0.0309
200000
= -0.000127396
0.6 σ sc / Es = 8.46929E-05
-0.000127396 < 8.46929E-05
Wk = Sr max ( ξsm - ξcm)
= 312 x -0.000127396
= -0.0397 < 0.3
= OK
CHECK FOR STRESSES

Compressive stress in concrete:
Load combinations considered :
As per annexure A1-2 of IRC:112-2011, also IRC6-2010
1) Rare combination: 1(DL+ SIDL + WC) + 1 (LL)
2) Quasi permanent combination : 1(DL+ SIDL+WC)
Stress in concrete
Scbc = M < 0.48 * fck
0.5 x b x ( d - x/3)
< 14.4
Rare combination
Moment in rare combination M = 2146.66 kNm
Compressive stress in concrete = 14.40N/mm2
As per cl 12.2.1 (1) of IRC 112-2011
Allowable compressive stress for rare comb = 0.48 * fck = 14.40N/mm2
OK
Quasi permanent combination
Moment M = 584.88 kNm
Dist of comp force from top = 107.978mm
Compressive stress in concrete = 10.80N/mm2
As per cl 12.2.1 (2) of IRC 112-2011
Allowable compressive stress for rare comb = 0.36 * fck = 10.80N/mm2
OK
Stress in steel
Load combinations considered
Rare combination: 1(DL+ SIDL + WC) + 1 (LL)
M = 2146.66 kNm
Stress in the C.G of steel = M/Ast/(d-y)
= 2146658914.89402/16,084.95/(1,396.00-107.98)
Stress in the C.G of steel = 103.61N/mm2
Stress iat bottom layer = 103.61/961x993
= 108.58N/mm2
Allowable stress in steel = 0.8 fyk
= 0.8x500
= 400.00N/mm2
OK
Deflection due to creep:
As per cl. 12.4.2 (2) & 6.4.2.6 (4) of IRC: 112-2011
Effective modulus of elasticity , Ec eff = Ecm
1+Φ(α,to)
A c = 9488mm2
u = 14344 mm
h 0 = 2A c
u
= 1.3mm
Humidity is taken as = 80 %
From table 6.9 of IRC : 112-2011
Φ(α,to) = 2
From table 6.5 of IRC : 112-2011
Secand modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31 x 10 ^3 N/mm2
Eff. Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec eff = 16 x 10 ^3 N/mm2
Shrinkage curvatures may be assessed using Eq. 12.16 of IRC : 112-2011
Curvature due to shrinkage 1 = ξcs αe S/I
r cs
Shrinkage strain , ξcs = Drying shrinkage strain + autogenous shrinkage strain

Drying shrinkage strain ξcd = 276 x 10^6
Autogenous shrinkage strain , ξca = 45 x 10^6
Shrinkage strain , ξcs = 321
First moment of area of the reinforcement about the centroid of the section, S
S = As(d-xu)
= 16,084.95x(1396-323.93)
= 17244147.038mm3
As per cl 12.4.2(1) of IRC : 112-2011
I Gross = 5.62500 x 10 ^11 mm4
Second moment of area of the section , = 0.7 x I gross
= 3.9375E+11
Effective modular ratio, αe = Es/Ec eff
αe = 200000/15500
= 12.90323
Curvature due to shrinkage cracked section = 321x12.9032258064516x17,244,147.04
393750000000x10^6
1 = 1.81395E-07 (From ray Hulse book pg.no.142)
r cs
Curvature due to loading cracked section = M

Ec,eff x Icr
1 = 584.882639999999x10^6
r cs 15500x393750000000
1 = 9.58E-08
r cs
Total curvature 1 = 2.77E-07 /mm

r
Refer table 6.14 of Reinforced concrete design to Eurocode 2 (pg142)
Deflection = 0.104 L^2 (1/r)
= 0.201822
Deflection limit = span / 250
= 28
Deflection < Deflection limit
HENCE OK
SUMMARY OF REINFORCEMENT :
Main reinforcement:-
@ bottom 32mm dia 10 nos
@ top 32mm dia 10 nos
Compression side reinforcement at bottom:-
'@ bottom 32 mm dia 7 nos

Side face reinforcement:-
Nos. in uniform face 16 mm dia 3 nos
Nos. in varying depth face 16 mm dia 9 nos
Shear reinforcement:-
stirrups
10mm 2 legged stirrups @ 150mm c/c
DESIGN OF COLUMN PIER
DATA
Length of Column = 4.00 m
Width of Column = 1.00 m
Top of capping beam = RL 97.920
Bottom of capping beam = RL 96.420
Bottom of column / Top of footing = RL 95.920
Bottom of footings = RL 94.470
Bottom of foundation = RL 94.470
Length of column = 0.500 m
Longitudinal eccentrity for vertical load = 0.300 m
I CALCULATION OF DIRECT LOAD ON COLUMN
1 Dead Load from Superstructure = 2663.40 kN

From Load Analysis
2 Self weight of sub-structure
a) Self Weight of Capping Beam = 480.000kN
From previous calculation
c) Self weight of pedestals
3 x 0.25 x 0.73 x 0.57 x 25 = 7.802 kN
b) Self Weight of Column
 4.00 *0.50 * 25 = 50.000 kN
Total dead load of sub-structure = 537.802 kN
3 Live Load on Column
a) Under One span loaded condition
Total Load on the span = 1000.00 kN
Live load reaction [From Load Analysis] = 669.73 kN
Vertical reaction due to braking [From Load Analysis] = 41.00 kN
Horizontal force due to braking,temp & Shrinkage = 110.64 kN
b) Under Two span loaded condition Left span Right span
Total Load on the span = 510.00 kN 490.00 kN
Live load reaction [From Load Analysis] = 404.58 kN 384.16 kN
Total reaction due to live laod on pier = 788.74 kN
Vertical reaction due to braking [From Load Analysis] = 23.00 kN 19.00 kN
Total reaction due to braking on pier = 4.00 kN
Horizontal force due to braking, temp & Shrinkage = 110.51 kN
c) One Span dislodged condition [No superstructure on one side]
d) Span unloaded condition under service condition with no live load
II CALCULATION OF LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS ON COLUMN
1. Under One span loaded condition
Moments due to Live Load reaction = 669.73 x 0.30
= 200.919kN-m
Moments due to Vertical reaction due to braking = 41.00 x 0.30
= 12.300kN-m
Due to horizontal force due to braking, Temp & Shrinkage
a) @ bottom of column / Top of pile cap = 110.64 x (98.25-95.92)
= 257.791 kN-m
b) @ bottom of pile cap = 110.64(98.25-94.47)
= 418.22kN-m
2. Under Two span loaded condition
Moments due to Live Load reaction = (404.576 - 384.161) x 0.30
= 6.124kN-m
Moments due to Vertical reaction due to braking = (19.000-23.000) x 0.30
= 1.200kN-m
a) @ bottom of column = 110.51 x (98.25-95.92)
= 257.488 kN-m
b) @ bottom of pile cap = 110.51 x (98.25-94.47)
= 417.728kN-m
3. One span Dislodged condition
Moment due to dead load reaction = 2663.4 / 2 x 0.3
= 399.510kN-m
= 86.443 kN-m
b) @ bottom of footings = 37.10 x (98.25-94.47)
= 140.238 kN-m
4.Span under service condition with no live load
= 8.644 kN-m
b) @ bottom of foundation = 3.71 x (98.25-94.47)
= 14.024 kN-m
III CALCULATION OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTS ON COLUMN
Transverse eccentricity for the loading system = 1.155m
1. Under One span loaded condition
Moments due to Live Load reaction = 669.73 x1.155 x 1.10
= 850.890 kN-m
Moments due to Vertical reaction due to braking = 41.00 x1.155 x 1.10
= 52.09 kN-m
2. Under Two span loaded condition

Moments due to Live Load reaction = (404.58+384.16)x1.155 x 1.10
= 1006.432 kN-m
Moments due to Vertical reaction due to braking = (23.00-19.00)x1.155 x 1.10
= 5.082 kN-m
3. One span Dislodged condition
Due to Wind force (From Previous Calculation)
a) @ bottom of column / Top of footings = 174.724 kN-m
b) @ bottom of footings = 271.770 kN-m
4. One span Unloaded condition
Due to Wind force
a) @ bottom of column / Top of footings = 337.567 kN-m
b) @ bottom of footings = 500.341 kN-m
IV CALCULATION DUE TO COLLISION LOAD
1. Longitudinal Moments
a) Loads parallel to the carriage way
(i) Main component
Design Speed = 30mph
Based on IRC_6_2000 Clause 225-3 the recuded main component = (1000 x 30 x 30) / ( 60 x 60 )
= 250kN
< 500kN
Hence Adopt = 500kN
The main component act at 1.5m from GL
Hence moment due to main component
a) @ Top of footing = 500 x ( 1.5 +0.050)
= 750.0kNm
b) @ bottom of footing = 500 x ( 1.5 +1.500)
= 1500.0kNm
(ii) Residual component
Based on IRC_6_2000 Clause 225-3 the recuded main component = (500 x 30 x 30) / ( 60 x 60 )
= 125kN
< 250kN
Hence Adopt = 250kN
The main component act at 1.5m from GL
a) @ Top of footing = 250 x ( 1.5 +0.050)
= 387.5kNm
b) @ bottom of footing = 250 x ( 1.5 +1.500)
= 750.0kNm
2. Transverse Moments
a) Loads normal to the carriage way
(i) Main component
Based on IRC-6-2000 Clause 225-3 the recuded main component = (500 x 30 x 30) / ( 60 x 60 )
= 125kN
< 250kN
Hence Adopt = 250kN
The main component act at 3m from GL
a) @ Top of footings = 250 x (3 +0.050)
= 762.5kNm
b) @ bottom of footing = 500 x ( 3+1.500)
= 2250.0kNm
(ii) Residual component
Based on IRC:6-2000 Clause 225.3 the recuded main component = (500 x 30 x 30) / ( 60 x 60 )
= 125kN
> 125kN
Hence Adopt = 125 kN
The main component act at 3m from GL
a) @ Top of footings = 125 x ( 3 +0.050)
= 381.3kNm
b) @ bottom of footings = 125 x ( 3 +1.500)
= 381.3kNm
SEISMIC ANALYSIS FOR PIER CAP
SEISMIC EFFECT FOR PIER
As per IS:1893-1984 horizontal reactions at bearing level are calculated.
Cl: 222 of IRC 6-2000 INDIAN HIGHWAYS JAN 2003
Horizontal Seismic force
Horizontal Seismic force to be resisted Feq = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live
Load)
Horiaontal Seismic Co-Efficient Ah =
= ( Z / 2 )*( Sa / g )
(R/I)
Zone = III Zone Z
III 0.16
1.00 Other bridges
Response Factor R = 2.00
Sa / g = 2.50
Ah = ( Z / 2 )*( Sa / g )
(R/I)
= (0.16 / 2 ) x 2.5
2 / 1.2
12
= 0.12
Seismic Transverse Analysis
Horizontal Force:
Dead Load
a) Dead Load From Superstructure = 2,663.400 x 0.120
= 319.61kN
b) Self Weight of Pier Cap/Caping Beam = 480.000 x 0.120
= 57.60kN
c) Self Weight of Pedestal = 7.802 x 0.120
= 0.94kN
d) Self Weight of Pier/Column = 50.000 x 0.120
= 6.00kN
Live Load
20% Live Load acts for seismic load
= 16.07KN
= 18.93KN
Total horizontal Transverse force
One Span Loaded Condition = 320+57.60+0.94+6.00+16.07
= 400.22kN
Two Span Loaded Condition = 319.61+57.60+0.94+6.00+18.93
= 403.07kN
Bottom of Column
Lever arm for Super structure = (BOD - Bottom of Pier)
(Dead Load & Live Load) e = 98.25-96.42
= 1.830m
Lever arm for Pedestal = 0.125 + ( 97.926-96.42 )
= 1.631m
Lever arm for Pier Cap = 0.750+0.500
= 1.250m
Lever arm for Pier = 0.500 / 2
= 0.250m
= 584.88kNm
Due to Pedestal = 0.94 x 1.631
= 1.53kNm
= 72.00kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 0.250
= 1.50kNm
= 29.41kNm
Total = 689.32kNm
= 584.88kNm
= 1.53kNm
= 72.00kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 0.250
= 1.50kNm
= 34.64kNm
Total = 694.55kNm
= 223.73kNm
= 111.86kNm
2 2
Distance of Vertical Reaction for Outer Girder = ( 1.375 + 4.125 )x2
4.125
= 9.167m
2 2
Distance of Vertical Reaction for Inner Girder = ( 1.375 + 4.125 )x2
1.375
= 27.500m
= 12.20kN
= 4.07kN
= 0.000 x 2 x 12.203
Transverse moment due to dead load vertical reaction
= 0.00kNm
Moment due to Live Load of Superstructure
O Span
One S Loaded
L d d Condition
C di i
Height from wheel = 1.200m
= 10.45kNm
= 1.14kN
= 0.38kN
= 0.000 x 2 x 12.203 x 0.56
= 0.00kNm
Transverse moment due Vertical Reaction (Dead & Live Load)
= 0.00+0.00
= 0.00kNm
= 12.30kNm
= 1.34kN
= 0.45kN
= 0.000 x 2 x 1.342 x 0.56
= 0.00kNm
= 0.00+0.00
= 0.00kNm

= 159.80kN
= 217.40kN
= 397.85kNm
= 1.53kNm
= 271 76kN
271.76kNm
Due to Pier = 217.40 x 0.250
= 54.35kNm
Total = 725.48kNm
Transverse Moment due to vertical reaction = (12.20 x 2 x 0.000 / 2)+(0.00 x 0.000 / 2)
= 0.00kNm
Dead Load From Superstructure = (319.61 + 57.60 + 0.94 + 6.00)
= 384.14kN
= 441.74kN
= 584.88kNm
= 1.53kNm
= 72.00kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 0.250
= 1.50kNm
Total = 659.91kNm
Transverse Moment due to vertical reaction = (12.20 x 0.000 x 2)+(12.20 x 0 x 2)
= 0.00kNm
Bottom of footings
Lever arm for Super structure = (BOD - Bottom of footing)
(Dead Load & Live Load) e = 98.250-94.470
= 3.780m
Lever arm for Pedestal = 0.125 + ( 97.926-94.470 )
= 3.581m
Lever arm for Pier Cap = 0.750+0.500
= 2.000m
Lever arm for Pier = 0.25 + 1.450
= 1.700m
Lever arm for footings = 1.450 / 2
= 0.725m
Self Weight of footing =
[(5.00x9.00x0.70)+((5.00x9.00)+(4.30x4.30))+sqrt{(5.00x9.00)x(4.30x4.30)}x0.750/3]x25.00
= ( 31.500 + 17.865 )x25.000
= 1234.11kN
= 1208.12kNm
D to P
Due d l
Pedestal = 00.94
94 x 33.581
581
= 3.35kNm
= 115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 0.25 x 1.700
= 0.43kNm
Due to footing = 1,234.11 x 0.725
= 894.73kNm
= 60.76kNm
Total = 2282.59kNm
= 0.00+0.00
= 0.00kN
= 1208.12kNm
= 3.35kNm
= 115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 0.25 x 1.700
= 0.43kNm
Due to footing = 1,234.11 x 0.725
= 894.73kNm
= 71.55kNm
Total = 2293.38kNm
= 0.00+0.00
= 0.00kN

= 159.80kN
= 604.06kNm
= 3.35kNm
= 115 20kN
115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 0.25 x 1.700
= 0.43kNm
Due to footings = 1,234.11 x 0.725
= 894.73kNm
Total = 1617.77kNm
Transverse Moment due to vertical reaction = (12.20 x 2 x 0.000/2)
= 0.00kNm
= 1208.12kNm
= 3.35kNm
= 115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 50.000 x 0.120
= 6.00kNm
= 894.73kNm
Total = 2227.40kNm
Transverse Moment due to vertical reaction = (12.20 x 0.000 x 2)+(12.20 x 0 x 2)
= 0.00kNm
Seismic Longitudinal Analysis
Bottom of Pier
Horiaontal Force
Dead Load
Dead Load From Superstructure = 2663.4 x 0.120
= 319.61kN
Self Weight Pedestal = 7.802 x 0.120
= 0.94kN
Self Weight of Caping Beam/Pier Cap = 480 x 0.120
= 57.60kN
Self Weight of Pier/column = 50.000 x 0.120

= 6.00kN
Self Weight of footings =
[(5.00x9.00x0.70)+((5.00x9.00)+(4.30x4.30))+sqrt{(5.00x9.00)x(4.30x4.30)}x0.750/3]x25.00
= 1234.1kN
Total horizontal force = 319.608 + 0.936+57.60+6.00+1,234.113
= 1618.26kN
Moment at bottom of Pier
D to S
Due Superstructure = 319 61 x 11.830
319.61 830
= 584.88kNm
= 1.53kNm
= 72.00kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 0.250
= 1.50kNm
Total = 584.88 + 1.53+72.00+1.50
= 659.91kNm
= 223.73kNm
= 15.98kN
Longitudinal moment due to vertical reaction = 15.98 x 0.300
= 4.79kN
Horizontal Force
Dead Load
= 159.80kN
Self Weight of Pedestal = 7.802 x 0.120
= 0.94kN
Self Weight of Pier Cap/Caping Beam = 480 x 0.120
= 57.60kN
Self Weight of Pier/Column = 50.000 x 0.120
= 6.00kN
Total horizontal force = 159.804 + 0.94+57.60+6.00
= 224.34kN
Moment at bottom of Pier
= 292.44kNm
= 1.53kNm
= 72.00kNm
D to Pi
Due Pier = 66.00
00 x 00.250
250
= 1.50kNm
Total horizontal force = 292.44 + 1.53+72.00+1.50
= 367.47kNm
= 2.40kNm
Bottom of footings
Horiaontal Force
Dead Load
= 319.61kN
Self Weight Pedestal = 7.802 x 0.120
= 0.94kN
Self Weight of Caping Beam/Pier Cap = 480 x 0.120
= 57.60kN
Self Weight of Pier/column = 50.000 x 0.120
= 6.00kN
[(5.00x9.00x0.70)+((5.00x9.00)+(4.30x4.30))+sqrt{(5.00x9.00)x(4.30x4.30)}x0.750/3]x25.00
= 1234.11kN
= 1618.26kN
Moment at bottom of Pile Cap
= 1208.12kNm
= 3.35kNm
Due to pier cap = 57.60 x 2.000
= 115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 1.700
= 10.20kNm
= 894.73kNm
Total = 1,208.12 + 3.35+115.20+10.20+894.73
= 2231.60kNm
= 223 73kN
223.73kNm
= 15.98kN

Longitudinal moment due to vertical reaction = 15.98 x 0.300
= 4.79kN
Horizontal Force
Dead Load
= 159.80kN
Self Weight of Pedestal = 7.802 x 0.120
= 0.94kN
Self Weight of Pier Cap/Caping Beam = 480 x 0.120
= 57.60kN
Self Weight of Pier/Column = 50.000 x 0.120
= 6.00kN
[(5.00x9.00x0.70)+((5.00x9.00)+(4.30x4.30))+sqrt{(5.00x9.00)x(4.30x4.30)}x0.750/3]x25.00
= 1234.1kN
= 1458.45kN
Moment at bottom of Pile Cap
= 604.06kNm
= 3.35kNm
= 115.20kNm
Due to Pier = 6.00 x 1.700
= 10.20kNm
= 894.73kNm
Total horizontal force = 604.06 + 3.35+115.20+10.20+894.732
= 1627.54kNm
= 2.40kNm
Horizontal Force due to Braking, Temperature and Shrinkage
Horiaontal load actiong @ 1.2m above Road Level = 0.2x1000
Total horiaontal force = 200.00kN
Horizontal force (20% of LL for Seismic Cond.) = 0.2x200
= 40.00kN
Longitudinal Force = Fh/2 + Vr Itc
Fh/2 = 40/2
= 20.00kN
Horizontal force due to Temp & Shrinkage alone = 3.71kN
For One Span Loaded Condition = 20+3.71

= 23.71kN
For Two Span Loaded Condition = 20+3.71
= 23.71kN
For Span dislodged Condition = 37.10kN
For Span Unloaded Condition = 3.71kN
Moment due to horizontal force due to braking, temp & shrinkage
@ Bottom of Column
One Span loaded Condition = 23.710x ( 98.25-95.92)
= 23.710 x 2.330
= 55.24kNm
Two Span Loaded Condition = 23.71x ( 98.25-95.92)
= 55.24kNm
Span Dislodged Condition = 37.10x(98.25-95.92)
= 55.24kNm
Span unloaded Condition = 3.71x(98.25-95.92)
= 8.64kNm
@ Bottom of footings
One Span loaded Condition = 23.71x ( 98.25-94.47)
= 89.62kNm
Two Span Loaded Condition = 23.71x ( 98.25-94.47)
= 89.62kNm
Span Dislodged Condition = 37.10x ( 98.25-94.47)
= 140.24kNm
Span unloaded Condition = 3.71x ( 98.25-94.47)
= 14.02kNm
DESIGN OF PIER (ULS Condition), As per Design Aids (SP 16)
Calculates range of safe loads for a column section with given concrete grade and reinforcement
Column length = 4000mm

Column width = 1000mm
Under Span Unloaded Condition
Load,Pu (KN) = 6046.409KN
Moment, Mu(KN.m) = 1041.826KN
Concrete grade = M30
Yield strength of steel fy = 500MPa
Assumed dia of bar = 20mm
Clear cover = 40mm
d' = 40+8+(20/2) = 58mm
d'/D = 58/1000 = 0.058
Pu / fck BD = 6,046.41*10^3
30*1,000*4,000
= 0.050
Mu / fck BD^2 = 1,041.83*10^6
30*4,000*1,000^2
= 0.009
Refer Chart 35-38 of SP-16 = P / fck = 0.01
P = 0.01*30.00= 0.15
Min = 0.35
= 0.35
As = PxBxD = 0.35*1,000*4,000
100 100
Area of Steel Required = 14000.00sqm
Provide 64 Nos of 20mm dia bars
Area of Steel Provided = 20096.00sqm > 14000.00sqm
Hence OK
Lateral ties
Tie Diameter Not < 20/4 = 5mm
Not > 16mm
Tie Spacing Not > 400mm
Not > 16 x 20 = 320mm
Not > 150mm
provide 16 mm diameter ties at 120 mm centers

S.NoDescription Comb P (kN) ML (kNm) MT (kNm) Stress at kN/sq.m ZL ZT SBC
P1 P2 P3 P4
Combination 1 Liveload leading
1 101 8651.427 6873.797 -2375.84 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435 67.500 37.500 307.000
2 102 8651.427 6873.797 -2375.84 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435 67.500 37.500 307.000
3 103 8602.539 6968.449 -2300.13 9785.104 6968.449 2300.125 259.3464 382.0197 175.5471 52.87381 67.500 37.500 307.000
4 104 8651.427 6873.797 -2375.84 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435 67.500 37.500 307.000
5 105 8651.427 6873.797 -2375.84 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435 67.500 37.500 307.000
6 106 8602.539 6968.449 -2300.13 9785.104 6968.449 2300.125 259.3464 382.0197 175.5471 52.87381 67.500 37.500 307.000
7 109 8115.362 4476.293 -1930.44 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 88.82686 67.500 37.500 307.000
8 110 8115.362 4476.293 -1930.44 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 88.82686 67.500 37.500 307.000
9 111 8066.475 4570.945 -1854.73 9249.04 4570.945 1854.725 223.7926 322.7113 187.2759 88.35719 67.500 37.500 307.000
10 112 8115.362 4476.293 -1930.44 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 88.82686 67.500 37.500 307.000
11 113 8115.362 4476.293 -1930.44 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 88.82686 67.500 37.500 307.000
12 114 8066.475 4570.945 -1854.73 9249.04 4570.945 1854.725 223.7926 322.7113 187.2759 88.35719 67.500 37.500 307.000
13 117 8383.395 4797.907 -1930.44 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 90.0185 67.500 37.500 307.000
14 118 8383.395 4797.907 -1930.44 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 90.0185 67.500 37.500 307.000
15 119 8334.507 4892.56 -1854.73 9517.072 4892.56 1854.725 234.5135 333.4322 188.4675 89.54879 67.500 37.500 307.000
16 120 8383.395 4797.907 -1930.44 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 90.0185 67.500 37.500 307.000
17 121 8383.395 4797.907 -1930.44 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 90.0185 67.500 37.500 307.000
18 122 8334.507 4892.56 -1854.73 9517.072 4892.56 1854.725 234.5135 333.4322 188.4675 89.54879 67.500 37.500 307.000
Wind load Leading
19 201 7475.366 2819.602 -1195.79 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 118.7387 67.500 37.500 307.000
20 202 7475.366 2819.602 -1195.79 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 118.7387 67.500 37.500 307.000
21 203 7438.701 2890.592 -1139.01 8621.266 2890.592 1139.01 204.0337 264.7809 179.1337 118.3865 67.500 37.500 307.000
22 204 7475.366 2819.602 -1195.79 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 118.7387 67.500 37.500 307.000
23 205 7475.366 2819.602 -1195.79 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 118.7387 67.500 37.500 307.000
24 206 7438.701 2890.592 -1139.01 8621.266 2890.592 1139.01 204.0337 264.7809 179.1337 118.3865 67.500 37.500 307.000
25 209 7922.086 3355.626 -1195.79 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248 67.500 37.500 307.000
26 210 7922.086 3355.626 -1195.79 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248 67.500 37.500 307.000
27 211 7885.42 3426.615 -1139.01 9067.985 3426.615 1139.01 221.9018 282.649 181.1197 120.3725 67.500 37.500 307.000
28 212 7922.086 3355.626 -1195.79 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248 67.500 37.500 307.000
29 213 7922.086 3355.626 -1195.79 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248 67.500 37.500 307.000
30 214 7885.42 3426.615 -1139.01 9067.985 3426.615 1139.01 221.9018 282.649 181.1197 120.3725 67.500 37.500 307.000
Frequent Combination
31 301 8368.807 6000.125 -1938.13 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861 67.500 37.500 307.000
32 302 8368.807 6000.125 -1938.13 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861 67.500 37.500 307.000
33 303 8332.141 6071.115 -1881.34 9514.706 6071.115 1881.343 251.2112 351.5495 171.6646 71.32632 67.500 37.500 307.000
34 304 8368.807 6000.125 -1938.13 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861 67.500 37.500 307.000
35 305 8368.807 6000.125 -1938.13 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861 67.500 37.500 307.000
36 306 8332.141 6071.115 -1881.34 9514.706 6071.115 1881.343 251.2112 351.5495 171.6646 71.32632 67.500 37.500 307.000
37 309 7922.086 4002.206 -1566.96 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248 67.500 37.500 307.000
38 310 7922.086 4002.206 -1566.96 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248 67.500 37.500 307.000
39 311 7885.42 4073.195 -1510.18 9067.985 4073.195 1510.177 221.583 302.1258 181.4385 100.8958 67.500 37.500 307.000
40 312 7922.086 4002.206 -1566.96 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248 67.500 37.500 307.000
41 313 7922.086 4002.206 -1566.96 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248 67.500 37.500 307.000
42 314 7885.42 4073.195 -1510.18 9067.985 4073.195 1510.177 221.583 302.1258 181.4385 100.8958 67.500 37.500 307.000
43 317 8145.446 4270.217 -1566.96 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411 67.500 37.500 307.000
44 318 8145.446 4270.217 -1566.96 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411 67.500 37.500 307.000
45 319 8108.78 4341.207 -1510.18 9291.345 4341.207 1510.177 230.5171 311.0599 182.4315 101.8888 67.500 37.500 307.000
46 320 8145.446 4270.217 -1566.96 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411 67.500 37.500 307.000
47 321 8145.446 4270.217 -1566.96 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411 67.500 37.500 307.000
48 322 8108.78 4341.207 -1510.18 9291.345 4341.207 1510.177 230.5171 311.0599 182.4315 101.8888 67.500 37.500 307.000
49 401 7210.978 2202.348 -529.766 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687 67.500 37.500 307.000
50 402 7210.978 2202.348 -529.766 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687 67.500 37.500 307.000
51 403 7201.2 2221.278 -514.624 8383.765 2221.278 514.624 205.4904 232.937 167.1214 139.6748 67.500 37.500 307.000
52 404 7210.978 2202.348 -529.766 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687 67.500 37.500 307.000
53 405 7210.978 2202.348 -529.766 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687 67.500 37.500 307.000
54 406 7201.2 2221.278 -514.624 8383.765 2221.278 514.624 205.4904 232.937 167.1214 139.6748 67.500 37.500 307.000
55 409 7479.01 2523.962 -529.766 8661.575 2523.962 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603 67.500 37.500 307.000
56 410 7479.01 2523.962 -529.766 8661.575 2523.962 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603 67.500 37.500 307.000
57 411 7469.232 2542.893 -514.624 8651.797 2542.893 514.624 216.2113 243.658 168.313 140.8664 67.500 37.500 307.000
58 412 7479.01 2523.962 -529.766 8661.575 2523.962 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603 67.500 37.500 307.000
59 413 7479.01 2523.962 -529.766 8661.575 2523.962 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603 67.500 37.500 307.000
60 414 7469.232 2542.893 -514.624 8651.797 2542.893 514.624 216.2113 243.658 168.313 140.8664 67.500 37.500 307.000
Seismic Combination (Longitudinal)
61 601 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
62 602 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
63 603 7795.174 -1828.38 -901.887 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421 67.500 37.500 307.000
64 604 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
65 605 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
66 606 7795.174 -1828.38 -901.887 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421 67.500 37.500 307.000
67 607 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
68 608 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
69 609 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
70 610 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
71 611 7795.174 -1828.38 -901.887 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421 67.500 37.500 307.000
72 612 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
73 613 7804.277 -1884.68 -975.166 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243 67.500 37.500 307.000
74 614 7795.174 -1828.38 -901.887 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421 67.500 37.500 307.000
75 615 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
76 616 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
Seismic Combination (Transverse)
77 701 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
78 702 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
79 703 7798.5 -1827.38 -766.234 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186 67.500 37.500 307.000
80 704 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
81 705 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
82 706 7798.5 -1827.38 -766.234 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186 67.500 37.500 307.000
83 707 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
84 708 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
85 709 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
86 710 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
87 711 7798.5 -1827.38 -766.234 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186 67.500 37.500 307.000
88 712 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
89 713 7806.027 -1970.87 -975.166 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402 67.500 37.500 307.000
90 714 7798.5 -1827.38 -766.234 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186 67.500 37.500 307.000
91 715 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
92 716 10360.12 2076.639 -866.144 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419 67.500 37.500 307.000
93 801 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
94 802 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
95 803 7764.759 1124.067 -901.887 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263 67.500 37.500 307.000
96 804 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
97 805 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
98 806 7764.759 1124.067 -901.887 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263 67.500 37.500 307.000
99 807 10347.95 3257.617 -866.144 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755 67.500 37.500 307.000
100 808 10347.95 3257.617 -866.144 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755 67.500 37.500 307.000
101 809 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
102 810 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
103 811 7764.759 1124.067 -901.887 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263 67.500 37.500 307.000
104 812 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
105 813 7773.862 1067.768 -975.166 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085 67.500 37.500 307.000
106 814 7764.759 1124.067 -901.887 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263 67.500 37.500 307.000
107 815 10347.95 3257.617 -866.144 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755 67.500 37.500 307.000
108 816 10347.95 3257.617 -866.144 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755 67.500 37.500 307.000
S.NoDescription Comb P (kN) ML (kNm) MT (kNm) Stress at kN/sq.m
P1P2 P3 P4
Combination 1 Liveload leading
1 101 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435
2 102 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435
3 103 9785.104 6968.45 2300.125 259.3464 382.0197 175.5471 52.8738
4 104 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435
5 105 9833.992 6873.797 2375.836 257.0116 383.7228 180.0548 53.3435
6 106 9785.104 6968.45 2300.125 259.3464 382.0197 175.5471 52.8738
7 109 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 -88.8269
8 110 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 -88.8269
9 111 9249.04 4570.946 1854.725 223.7926 322.7113 187.2758 -88.3572
10 112 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 -88.8269
11 113 9297.927 4476.293 1930.436 221.4578 324.4143 191.7834 -88.8269
12 114 9249.04 4570.946 1854.725 223.7926 322.7113 187.2758 -88.3572
13 117 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 -90.0185
14 118 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 -90.0185
15 119 9517.072 4892.561 1854.725 234.5135 333.4322 188.4674 -89.5488
16 120 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 -90.0185
17 121 9565.96 4797.907 1930.436 232.1787 335.1353 192.9751 -90.0185
18 122 9517.072 4892.561 1854.725 234.5135 333.4322 188.4674 -89.5488
Wind load Leading
19 201 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 -118.739
20 202 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 -118.739
21 203 8621.266 2890.592 1139.01 204.0337 264.7809 179.1337 -118.387
22 204 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 -118.739
23 205 8657.931 2819.602 1195.794 202.2825 266.0582 182.5144 -118.739
24 206 8621.266 2890.592 1139.01 204.0337 264.7809 179.1337 -118.387
25 209 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248
26 210 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248
27 211 9067.985 3426.616 1139.01 221.9019 282.6491 181.1197 -120.373
28 212 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248
29 213 9104.651 3355.626 1195.793 220.1507 283.9264 184.5004 120.7248
30 214 9067.985 3426.616 1139.01 221.9019 282.6491 181.1197 -120.373
Frequent Combination
31 301 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861
32 302 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861
33 303 9514.706 6071.115 1881.343 251.2112 351.5495 171.6646 71.32632
34 304 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861
35 305 9551.372 6000.125 1938.126 249.4601 352.8268 175.0453 71.67861
36 306 9514.706 6071.115 1881.343 251.2112 351.5495 171.6646 71.32632
37 309 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248
38 310 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248
39 311 9067.985 4073.196 1510.177 221.583 302.1258 181.4385 100.8958
40 312 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248
41 313 9104.651 4002.206 1566.96 219.8319 303.4031 184.8192 101.248
42 314 9067.985 4073.196 1510.177 221.583 302.1258 181.4385 100.8958
43 317 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411
44 318 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411
45 319 9291.345 4341.208 1510.177 230.5171 311.0599 182.4315 101.8888
46 320 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411
47 321 9328.011 4270.217 1566.96 228.766 312.3372 185.8123 102.2411
48 322 9291.345 4341.208 1510.177 230.5171 311.0599 182.4315 101.8888
49 401 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687
50 402 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687
51 403 8383.765 2221.279 514.624 205.4904 232.937 167.1214 139.6747
52 404 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687
53 405 8393.543 2202.348 529.766 205.0235 233.2777 168.0229 139.7687
54 406 8383.765 2221.279 514.624 205.4904 232.937 167.1214 139.6747
55 409 8661.575 2523.963 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603
56 410 8661.575 2523.963 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603
57 411 8651.797 2542.893 514.624 216.2113 243.658 168.313 140.8664
58 412 8661.575 2523.963 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603
59 413 8661.575 2523.963 529.766 215.7444 243.9986 169.2145 140.9603
60 414 8651.797 2542.893 514.624 216.2113 243.658 168.313 140.8664
Seismic Combination (Longitudinal)
61 601 8703.51 3868.302 624.999 234.0529 267.3862 152.7698 119.4365
62 602 8703.51 3868.302 624.999 234.0529 267.3862 152.7698 119.4365
63 603 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
64 604 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
65 605 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421
66 606 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
67 607 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
68 608 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421
69 609 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
70 610 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
71 611 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
72 612 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
73 613 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421
74 614 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
75 615 8986.842 -1884.68 975.166 145.782 197.7909 253.6332 201.6243
76 616 8977.739 -1828.38 901.887 148.3679 196.4686 250.6427 202.5421
Seismic Combination (Transverse)
77 701 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
78 702 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
79 703 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
80 704 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
81 705 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186
82 706 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
83 707 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
84 708 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186
85 709 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
86 710 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
87 711 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
88 712 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
89 713 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186
90 714 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
91 715 8988.592 -1970.87 975.166 144.5439 196.5528 254.9491 202.9402
92 716 8981.065 -1827.38 766.234 152.074 192.9398 247.0844 206.2186
93 801 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419

94 802 11542.68 2076.639 866.144 264.1719 310.3662 248.8362 202.6419
95 803 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
96 804 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
97 805 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263
98 806 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
99 807 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
100 808 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263
101 809 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755
102 810 11530.52 3257.617 866.144 281.3975 327.5919 231.0699 184.8755
103 811 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
104 812 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
105 813 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263
106 814 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
107 815 8956.427 1067.768 975.166 188.8461 240.8549 209.2174 157.2085
108 816 8947.324 1124.067 901.887 191.432 239.5326 206.2269 158.1263
Along span direction Moment due Net Shear due to
to soil Moment soil pressure Net Shear Design
s av (max) s av (min) pressure kNm kNm kN kN M/d tan B shear kN
356.207 152.5385 160.757245 182.49 -73.87787 -72.612 7.611119 -80.2232
356.207 152.5385 160.757245 182.49 -73.87787 -72.612 7.611119 -80.2232
355.38 148.9077 159.099035 180.83 -73.164708 -71.8989 7.53269 -79.4316
356.207 152.5385 160.757245 182.49 -73.87787 -72.612 7.611119 -80.2232
356.207 152.5385 160.757245 182.49 -73.87787 -72.612 7.611119 -80.2232
355.38 148.9077 159.099035 180.83 -73.164708 -71.8989 7.53269 -79.4316
302.057 130.8469 143.95735 165.69 -64.755337 -63.4895 6.760026 -70.2495
302.057 130.8469 143.95735 165.69 -64.755337 -63.4895 6.760026 -70.2495
301.23 127.4201 142.319193 164.05 -64.060081 -62.7943 6.682822 -69.4771
302.057 130.8469 143.95735 165.69 -64.755337 -63.4895 6.760026 -70.2495
302.057 130.8469 143.95735 165.69 -64.755337 -63.4895 6.760026 -70.2495
301.23 127.4201 142.319193 164.05 -64.060081 -62.7943 6.682822 -69.4771
312.778 131.521 147.417534 169.15 -66.372997 -65.1072 6.927539 -72.0347
312.778 131.521 147.417534 169.15 -66.372997 -65.1072 6.927539 -72.0347
311.951 128.0942 145.779366 167.51 -65.677737 -64.4119 6.850335 -71.2622
312.778 131.521 147.417534 169.15 -66.372997 -65.1072 6.927539 -72.0347
312.778 131.521 147.417534 169.15 -66.372997 -65.1072 6.927539 -72.0347
311.951 128.0942 145.779366 167.51 -65.677737 -64.4119 6.850335 -71.2622
252.209 117.0951 124.421476 146.15 -55.667671 -54.4018 5.815616 -60.2175

252.209 117.0951 124.421476 146.15 -55.667671 -54.4018 5.815616 -60.2175
251.589 114.525 123.192851 144.92 -55.146226 -53.8804 5.757714 -59.6381
252.209 117.0951 124.421476 146.15 -55.667671 -54.4018 5.815616 -60.2175
252.209 117.0951 124.421476 146.15 -55.667671 -54.4018 5.815616 -60.2175
251.589 114.525 123.192851 144.92 -55.146226 -53.8804 5.757714 -59.6381
270.077 170.6511 135.339616 157.07 -62.964898 -61.6991 6.409499 -68.1086
270.077 170.6511 135.339616 157.07 -62.964898 -61.6991 6.409499 -68.1086
269.457 115.6485 128.959793 150.69 -57.842312 -56.5765 6.036901 -62.6134
270.077 170.6511 135.339616 157.07 -62.964898 -61.6991 6.409499 -68.1086
270.077 170.6511 135.339616 157.07 -62.964898 -61.6991 6.409499 -68.1086
269.457 115.6485 128.959793 150.69 -57.842312 -56.5765 6.036901 -62.6134
330.38 152.5985 151.170818 172.90 -69.754952 -68.4891 7.157711 -75.6468

330.38 152.5985 151.170818 172.90 -69.754952 -68.4891 7.157711 -75.6468
329.76 149.8754 149.927163 171.66 -69.220081 -67.9543 7.09889 -75.0531
330.38 152.5985 151.170818 172.90 -69.754952 -68.4891 7.157711 -75.6468
330.38 152.5985 151.170818 172.90 -69.754952 -68.4891 7.157711 -75.6468
329.76 149.8754 149.927163 171.66 -69.220081 -67.9543 7.09889 -75.0531
285.255 166.6711 140.329369 162.06 -64.974033 -63.7082 6.641423 -70.3496
285.255 166.6711 140.329369 162.06 -64.974033 -63.7082 6.641423 -70.3496
284.635 163.9481 139.085715 160.81 -64.439162 -63.1733 6.582602 -69.7559
285.255 166.6711 140.329369 162.06 -64.974033 -63.7082 6.641423 -70.3496
285.255 166.6711 140.329369 162.06 -64.974033 -63.7082 6.641423 -70.3496
284.635 163.9481 139.085715 160.81 -64.439162 -63.1733 6.582602 -69.7559
294.189 167.6642 143.255217 164.98 -66.359925 -65.0941 6.783605 -71.8777
294.189 167.6642 143.255217 164.98 -66.359925 -65.0941 6.783605 -71.8777
293.569 164.9411 142.011562 163.74 -65.825054 -64.5592 6.724784 -71.284
294.189 167.6642 143.255217 164.98 -66.359925 -65.0941 6.783605 -71.8777
294.189 167.6642 143.255217 164.98 -66.359925 -65.0941 6.783605 -71.8777
293.569 164.9411 142.011562 163.74 -65.825054 -64.5592 6.724784 -71.284
227.142 161.8873 117.070957 138.80 -54.947436 -53.6816 5.540669 -59.2223
227.142 161.8873 117.070957 138.80 -54.947436 -53.6816 5.540669 -59.2223
226.977 161.1611 116.739313 138.47 -54.804802 -53.539 5.524983 -59.064
227.142 161.8873 117.070957 138.80 -54.947436 -53.6816 5.540669 -59.2223
227.142 161.8873 117.070957 138.80 -54.947436 -53.6816 5.540669 -59.2223
226.977 161.1611 116.739313 138.47 -54.804802 -53.539 5.524983 -59.064
237.863 163.0789 120.581975 142.31 -56.610507 -55.3447 5.711288 -61.056
237.863 163.0789 120.581975 142.31 -56.610507 -55.3447 5.711288 -61.056
237.698 162.3527 120.25033 141.98 -56.467873 -55.202 5.695602 -60.8977
237.863 163.0789 120.581975 142.31 -56.610507 -55.3447 5.711288 -61.056
237.863 163.0789 120.581975 142.31 -56.610507 -55.3447 5.711288 -61.056
237.698 162.3527 120.25033 141.98 -56.467873 -55.202 5.695602 -60.8977
260.148 145.5312 122.411549 144.14 -57.386201 -56.1204 5.797488 -61.9179
260.148 145.5312 122.411549 144.14 -57.386201 -56.1204 5.797488 -61.9179
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.023 240.1973 129.726063 151.45 -60.586522 -59.3207 6.145065 -65.4658
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.023 240.1973 129.726063 151.45 -60.586522 -59.3207 6.145065 -65.4658
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.023 240.1973 129.726063 151.45 -60.586522 -59.3207 6.145065 -65.4658
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.497 242.3391 130.830426 152.56 -61.039665 -59.7738 6.196648 -65.9705
186.023 240.1973 129.726063 151.45 -60.586522 -59.3207 6.145065 -65.4658
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975

300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
184.066 238.2101 127.945991 149.67 -59.872867 -58.607 6.06242 -64.6695
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
184.066 238.2101 127.945991 149.67 -59.872867 -58.607 6.06242 -64.6695
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
184.066 238.2101 127.945991 149.67 -59.872867 -58.607 6.06242 -64.6695
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
185.259 243.655 130.853349 152.58 -61.050523 -59.7847 6.197762 -65.9825
184.066 238.2101 127.945991 149.67 -59.872867 -58.607 6.06242 -64.6695
300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975

300.335 238.8048 162.844376 184.57 -76.307864 -75.042 7.755476 -82.7975
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.087 195.7815 129.327649 151.06 -60.397805 -59.132 6.125704 -65.2577
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.087 195.7815 129.327649 151.06 -60.397805 -59.132 6.125704 -65.2577
317.56 221.0384 162.68501 184.41 -76.232377 -74.9666 7.747731 -82.7143
317.56 221.0384 162.68501 184.41 -76.232377 -74.9666 7.747731 -82.7143
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.087 195.7815 129.327649 151.06 -60.397805 -59.132 6.125704 -65.2577
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.561 197.9233 130.432012 152.16 -60.850947 -59.5851 6.177287 -65.7624
229.087 195.7815 129.327649 151.06 -60.397805 -59.132 6.125704 -65.2577
Along Transverse direction Moment due to Net Shear due to
soil pressure Moment soil pressure Net Shear Design
s av (max) s av (min) kNm kNm kN kN M/d tan B shear kN
219.448 92.73712482 156.5675252 111.98 414.707501 391.6649 60.07723 331.5877
219.448 92.73712482 156.5675252 111.98 414.707501 391.6649 60.07723 331.5877
215.483 92.80987299 156.3092451 111.72 413.28846 390.2459 59.97407 330.2718
219.448 92.73712482 156.5675252 111.98 414.707501 391.6649 60.07723 331.5877
219.448 92.73712482 156.5675252 111.98 414.707501 391.6649 60.07723 331.5877
215.483 92.80987299 156.3092451 111.72 413.28846 390.2459 59.97407 330.2718
217.437 -28.81138532 125.7891021 81.20 319.650924 296.6083 47.78304 248.8253
217.437 -28.81138532 125.7891021 81.20 319.650924 296.6083 47.78304 248.8253
213.472 -27.98093944 125.6052724 81.01 318.561659 295.5191 47.70961 247.8095
217.437 -28.81138532 125.7891021 81.20 319.650924 296.6083 47.78304 248.8253
217.437 -28.81138532 125.7891021 81.20 319.650924 296.6083 47.78304 248.8253
213.472 -27.98093944 125.6052724 81.01 318.561659 295.5191 47.70961 247.8095
220.472 -27.69888304 130.4096387 85.82 330.787251 307.7447 49.62868 258.116
220.472 -27.69888304 130.4096387 85.82 330.787251 307.7447 49.62868 258.116
216.507 -26.86840872 130.2258058 85.63 329.697978 306.6554 49.55525 257.1002
220.472 -27.69888304 130.4096387 85.82 330.787251 307.7447 49.62868 258.116
220.472 -27.69888304 130.4096387 85.82 330.787251 307.7447 49.62868 258.116
216.507 -26.86840872 130.2258058 85.63 329.697978 306.6554 49.55525 257.1002
198.674 -56.6465871 105.9769991 61.39 265.629928 242.5874 39.86926 202.7181

198.674 -56.6465871 105.9769991 61.39 265.629928 242.5874 39.86926 202.7181
195.7 -56.02376466 105.8391276 61.25 264.812974 241.7704 39.81419 201.9562
198.674 -56.6465871 105.9769991 61.39 265.629928 242.5874 39.86926 202.7181
198.674 -56.6465871 105.9769991 61.39 265.629928 242.5874 39.86926 202.7181
195.7 -56.02376466 105.8391276 61.25 264.812974 241.7704 39.81419 201.9562
203.731 139.95583 132.8107905 88.22 368.944195 345.9016 50.5878 295.3138
203.731 139.95583 132.8107905 88.22 368.944195 345.9016 50.5878 295.3138
200.758 -54.16954798 113.5400006 68.95 283.373468 260.3309 42.89024 217.4407
203.731 139.95583 132.8107905 88.22 368.944195 345.9016 50.5878 295.3138
203.731 139.95583 132.8107905 88.22 368.944195 345.9016 50.5878 295.3138
200.758 -54.16954798 113.5400006 68.95 283.373468 260.3309 42.89024 217.4407
209.432 106.0652355 149.3383872 104.75 399.41653 376.374 57.18961 319.1843

209.432 106.0652355 149.3383872 104.75 399.41653 376.374 57.18961 319.1843
206.458 106.1197877 149.1446781 104.55 398.35225 375.3097 57.11224 318.1974
209.432 106.0652355 149.3383872 104.75 399.41653 376.374 57.18961 319.1843
209.432 106.0652355 149.3383872 104.75 399.41653 376.374 57.18961 319.1843
206.458 106.1197877 149.1446781 104.55 398.35225 375.3097 57.11224 318.1974
207.756 124.1846201 135.4210452 90.83 372.169471 349.1269 51.63044 297.4965
207.756 124.1846201 135.4210452 90.83 372.169471 349.1269 51.63044 297.4965
204.782 124.2391723 135.227336 90.64 371.105192 348.0626 51.55307 296.5095
207.756 124.1846201 135.4210452 90.83 372.169471 349.1269 51.63044 297.4965
207.756 124.1846201 135.4210452 90.83 372.169471 349.1269 51.63044 297.4965
204.782 124.2391723 135.227336 90.64 371.105192 348.0626 51.55307 296.5095
210.285 126.7136091 139.4288579 94.84 382.146857 359.1043 53.23133 305.8729
210.285 126.7136091 139.4288579 94.84 382.146857 359.1043 53.23133 305.8729
207.311 126.7681522 139.2351528 94.64 381.082582 358.04 53.15396 304.886
210.285 126.7136091 139.4288579 94.84 382.146857 359.1043 53.23133 305.8729
210.285 126.7136091 139.4288579 94.84 382.146857 359.1043 53.23133 305.8729
207.311 126.7681522 139.2351528 94.64 381.082582 358.04 53.15396 304.886
180.645 152.390332 118.8400083 74.25 335.682799 312.6402 45.00728 267.6329
180.645 152.390332 118.8400083 74.25 335.682799 312.6402 45.00728 267.6329
179.851 152.4048638 118.7883486 74.20 335.398977 312.3564 44.98665 267.3698
180.645 152.390332 118.8400083 74.25 335.682799 312.6402 45.00728 267.6329
180.645 152.390332 118.8400083 74.25 335.682799 312.6402 45.00728 267.6329
179.851 152.4048638 118.7883486 74.20 335.398977 312.3564 44.98665 267.3698
183.679 155.4251025 123.6493908 79.06 347.65567 324.6131 46.92835 277.6847
183.679 155.4251025 123.6493908 79.06 347.65567 324.6131 46.92835 277.6847
182.886 155.4396433 123.5977272 79.01 347.371843 324.3293 46.90772 277.4216
183.679 155.4251025 123.6493908 79.06 347.65567 324.6131 46.92835 277.6847
183.679 155.4251025 123.6493908 79.06 347.65567 324.6131 46.92835 277.6847
182.886 155.4396433 123.5977272 79.01 347.371843 324.3293 46.90772 277.4216
174.939 141.6056969 129.6258275 85.03 355.983734 332.9412 49.31559 283.6256
174.939 141.6056969 129.6258275 85.03 355.983734 332.9412 49.31559 283.6256
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
240.164 192.0636711 110.2204252 65.63 338.175814 315.1332 41.56426 273.569
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
240.164 192.0636711 110.2204252 65.63 338.175814 315.1332 41.56426 273.569
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
240.164 192.0636711 110.2204252 65.63 338.175814 315.1332 41.56426 273.569
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
242.832 190.8232639 110.1123876 65.52 338.247124 315.2045 41.52111 273.6834
240.164 192.0636711 110.2204252 65.63 338.175814 315.1332 41.56426 273.569
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528

260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
236.612 195.745939 110.2680182 65.68 338.30945 315.2669 41.58327 273.6836
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
236.612 195.745939 110.2680182 65.68 338.30945 315.2669 41.58327 273.6836
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
236.612 195.745939 110.2680182 65.68 338.30945 315.2669 41.58327 273.6836
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
243.654 191.6451517 109.7873325 65.20 337.884853 314.8423 41.39127 273.451
236.612 195.745939 110.2680182 65.68 338.30945 315.2669 41.58327 273.6836
260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528

260.737 214.543038 159.583867 114.99 456.877479 433.8349 61.28209 372.5528
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
212.669 164.5682718 121.7410831 77.15 351.72665 328.6841 46.16609 282.518
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
212.669 164.5682718 121.7410831 77.15 351.72665 328.6841 46.16609 282.518
249.739 203.5448782 164.1921302 119.60 462.297814 439.2552 63.12282 376.1324
249.739 203.5448782 164.1921302 119.60 462.297814 439.2552 63.12282 376.1324
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
212.669 164.5682718 121.7410831 77.15 351.72665 328.6841 46.16609 282.518
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
215.337 163.3278646 121.6330455 77.04 351.797961 328.7554 46.12294 282.6324
212.669 164.5682718 121.7410831 77.15 351.72665 328.6841 46.16609 282.518
DESIGN OF ISOLATED RCC FOOTING for PIER Substructure
NAME OF WORK:-
The footing design is based on the following data 150.237

GEOMETRIC DATA:- 269.256
RL95.970 238.970
GL/SILL LEVEL RL94.470 119.951
Scour Level
Top of footing RL95.920
0.75 m
1.50 m
0.70 m RL94.470
BOF
5.00
CROSS SECTION OF FOOTING
LONGITUDINAL AXIS
9.00 4.30 TRANSVERSE AXIS

4.00
1.00
5.00
Width of the footing @ bottom

Longitudinal direction = 9.00m
Transverse direction = 5.00m
Width of the footing @ Top
Longitudinal direction = 4.30m
Transverse direction = 1.00m
Depth of the footing
Rectangular portion = 0.70m
Trapezoidal portion = 0.75m
Total depth of footing = 1.45m
Length of the column = 4.00m
Ground / Sill Level RL in meters = RL95.970
Bottom of foundation RL in meters = RL94.470
Top of footing RL in meters = RL95.920
Scour Level RL in meters = RL94.470
Depth of the Foundation = 1.50m
MATERIAL DATA
Exposure = Moderate
3
Unit weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete = 10.00Mpa
Permissible shear stress in concrete = 2.30Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel = 240Mpa
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75mm
Dia. of Main bar at bottom = 20mm
3
Unit weight of Soil = 18 kN/m
3
Bearing capacity of the soil at founding level = 280 kN/m
Mean axial tensile stress of concrete f ctm = 2.8 N/mm2
(Refer 10.3.1of IRC
fcd = αcc x fck / ym
112-2011)
= 0.67x30/1.5
= 13.4 N/mm2
LOADS ACTING ON TOP OF FOOTING
Axial load on footing = 6046.41kN
DESIGN CALCULATION
FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BASE OF FOOTING
2
Area of footing,A = LxB = 5.00 x 9.00 = 45.000 m
2
Section modulus about transverse axis,ZLL = (L x B ) / 6
3
= 1 /6 x 5.00 x 9.00 = 67.500 m
2
Section modulus about transverse axis,ZLL = (L x B) / 6
3
= 1 /6 x 9.00 x 5.00 = 37.500 m
Depth of foundation,Df = 1.50 m
Gross SBC of soil,sgross = ssafe + gs x Df
= 280.00 + 27 = 307.00 kN/m2
Axial load on footing, P = 6046.41kN
Self weight of footing

= {( L x B x H2 ) + [( H1 /3 x (( LxB+(axb)+ Ö[(LxB)x (axb)]]} xgc
= 5.00x9.00x0.70x25+{(5.00x9.00+(1.00x4.30)+sqrt[(5.00x9.00)x(1.00x4.30)]x0.75/3}x25
= 5.00 x 9.00 x 25 x 0.70 + 0.75 /3 x( 5.0 x 9.0 )

+( 1.00 x 4.30 +Ö( 5.00 x 9.00 )x( 1.00 x 4.30 ) x 25
= 787.50 + (45.00+4.30+sqrt[(45.00x4.30]x)0.75/3}x25
= 787.50 + (45.00+4.30+sqrt[193.50]x)0.75/3}x25
= 787.50 + (45.00 + 4.30 + 13.91 )0.75/3 x 25
= 787.50 + 15.80 x 25 = 787.5 + 395.07 = 1182.57kN
Volume of footing = (9x5x0.7)+(4.3x1x0.7)+(0.75x5x2)
3
= 42.225 m
Weight of soil above footing
Weight of soil above = [(9x5x1.45)-(42.225)+ (5x9x0.05)-(4x4x0.05)x]18
footing
= 451.35 kN
Total load, p = 6046.41 + 1182.57 + 451.35 = 7680.3 kN
CHECK FOR BASE SOIL PRESSURE :
Soil pressure at corner - 1 = P/A + ML/ZLL - MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00+2,637.39/67.50-2,231.60/37.50
= 170.67 + 39.07 - 59.51
= 150.237 kN/m2
< Gross SBC of soil,O.K
Soil pressure at corner - 2 = P/A + ML/ZLL + MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00+2,637.39/67.50+2,231.60/37.50
= 170.67 + 39.07 + 59.51
= 269.256 kN/m2
Soil pressure at corner - 3 = P/A - ML/ZLL + MT/ZTT

= 9,833.99/45.00-2,637.39/67.50+2,231.60/37.50
= 218.53 - 39.07 + 59.51
= 238.970 kN/m2
Soil pressure at corner - 4 = P/A - ML/ZLL - MT/ZTT

= 9,833.99/45.00-2,637.39/67.50-2,231.60/37.50
= 218.53 - 39.07 - 59.51
= 119.951 kN/m2
The maximum pressure developed, 269.256kN/sq.m is well within the SBC of founding soil, 307.00kN/sq.m,
Hence safe
269.256kN/sq.m
150.237kN/sq.m
150.237kN/sq.m 269.256kN/sq.m
1 2
9.00
119.951kN/sq.m 4 5.00 3
238.970kN/sq.m
119.951kN/sq.m
238.970kN/sq.m
Base Soil Pressure Distribution Diagram

CHECK FOR BASE SOIL PRESSURE FOR DL+LL+WL CASE :
Soil pressure at corner - 1 = P/A + ML/ZLL - MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00+6,873.80/67.50-2,070.67/37.50
= 170.67 + 101.83 - 55.22
= 217.290 kN/m2
< 1.25xGross SBC of the soil, O.K
Soil pressure at corner - 2 = P/A + ML/ZLL + MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00+6,873.80/67.50+2,070.67/37.50
= 170.67 + 101.83 + 55.22
= 327.726 kN/m2
< 1.25xGross SBC of soil, O.K
Soil pressure at corner - 3 = P/A - ML/ZLL + MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00-6,873.80/67.50+2,070.67/37.50
= 170.67 - 101.83 + 55.22
= 124.058 kN/m2
< 1.25xGross SBC of soil,O.K
Soil pressure at corner - 4 = P/A - ML/ZLL - MT/ZTT

= 7,680.32/45.00-6,873.80/67.50-2,070.67/37.50
= 170.67 - 101.83 - 55.22
= 13.622 kN/m2
< 1.25xGross SBC of soil,O.K
The maximum pressure developed, 327.726kN/sq.m is well within the SBC of founding soil, 307.00kN/sq.m,
Hence safe
The minimum pressure developed, 13.622kN/sq.m, hence no tension at founding level, Hence safe
327.726kN/sq.m
217.290kN/sq.m
217.290kN/sq.m 1 2 327.726kN/sq.m
9.00
13.622kN/sq.m 4 3 124.058kN/sq.m
5.00
13.622kN/sq.m
124.058kN/sq.m
Base Soil Pressure Distribution Diagram

DESIGN OF SECTION ALONG TRANSVERSE DIRECTION:
269.256kN/sq.m
243.41kN/sq.m
150.237kN/sq.m
3.914m = 150.24+((269.26-150.24)/5.00)x3.91
1 = 243.41kN/sq.m 2
Critical section for BM
4 5.00 3
119.951kN/sq.m
213.124kN/sq.m 238.970kN/sq.m
= 119.95+((238.97-119.95)/5.00)x3.91
= 213.12kN/sq.m
BM IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION:
Critical Section for BM shall be at the face of incribed square of size
= d / Ö2 = 4.00 / Ö2 = 2.8284m
i.e., at 1.4142m from centre of footings
Adopting a clear cover of 75mm and providing 20mm dia. bars as mainreinforcement effective
depth available = 1450 - 75 - 10 = 1365mm
0.500m 2.000m
2.000m -1.450m -0.700m

CRITICAL SEC. FOR B.M
CRITICAL SEC. FOR SHEAR
0.855m
0.586m 0.750m
1.450m -0.914m d'

20.5560 deg. 0.700m
1.365m d' = 0.700+0.750/2.000x-0.279

1.414m 1.086m d' = 0.595m
C/L of footing f2 = 228.27+((254.11-228.27)/1.09)x-0.28
2
f1 =(213.124+243.410)/2 f2 = 221.621 kN/m
2
= 228.267 kN/m f3 =(269.256+238.970)/2
2
f1 f2 f3 = 254.113 kN/m
1.365m -0.279m
Average Soil pressure distribution
BM due to soil pressure
=1/2x1.086x(228.267+254.113)x{1.086/3x[(2x254.113+228.267)/(254.113+228.267)]
= 261.881 x 0.5526
= 144.713 kNm/m
BM due to self weight =
=1/2x2.000x(0.700+1.450)x25.00x{-0.914+[2.000/3x(2x0.700+1.450)/(0.700+1.450)]}
= 53.750 x -0.0305
= 1.64 kNm/m
=(1.450x(0.500-1.414)x25.00x1/2x(0.500-1.414)
= 33.140 x -0.4571
= 15.149 kNm/m
BM due to weight of soil above
=1/2x2.000x(-1.450+-0.700)x18.00x{-0.914+[2.000/3x(2x-0.700+-1.450)/-0.700+-1.450)]}
= 38.7 x -0.0305
= 1.180 kNm/m
=1/2x((0.500-1.414)x18.00x1/2x(0.500-1.414)
= 8.228 x -0.4571
= 3.761038969 kNm/m
Net Bending Moment , M = 166.441 kNm/m
Total Bending Moments = 166.441 x 9.00
= 1497.97kNm
Equivalent width of trapezoidal section, beq
= b +[( B - b) /8]
= 4.3+[(9-4.3)/8]
= 4.8875m
CALCULATION OF INTENSITY OF PRESSURE AT THE CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR.
Critical section for S.F is at a distance of eff.depth from the face of

inscribed square,i.e., at 1.4142m from centre of footings
Depth of section at this section = 0.700+0.750/2.000x-0.279

= 0.595m
M tanb
= V'-
d
Where V' = Shear force at the critical section
M =
b =
at the section
V' = Shear force at the critical section
Shear force due to soil pressure = 1/2 x -0.279x(254.113+221.621)
= 66.416 kN/m
Shear force due to self weight = 1/2 x -0.279x(0.595+0.700)x25
= 4.520798841 kN/m
Shear force due to weight of earth = 1/2 x -0.279x(-0.700+-0.595)x18
= -3.255 kN/m
Net Shear,V' = 67.681 kN/m
M = Moment at critical section
BM due to soil Pressure =
= 1/2x-0.279x(254.113+221.621)x[(2x254.113+221.621)/(254.113+221.621)x-0.279/3)]
= -66.4156 x -0.1428
= 9.483 kN/m
BM due to self weight
= [1/2x-0.279x(0.595+0.700)x25]x[(2x0.700+0.595)/(0.700+0.595)x-0.279/3]
= -4.5208 x -0.1434
= -0.648 kN/m
BM due to weight of earth above
= 1/2x-0.279x(-0.700+-0.595)x18]x[(2x-0.700+-0.595)/(-0.700+-0.595)x-0.279/3]
= 3.2550 x -0.1434
= 0.467 kN/m
Net BM, M' = 9.302 kN/m
d1 = Eff. Depth at critical section for shear
= 595 - 75 - 10
= 510mm
b = Angle between top & bottom edges of footing at critical section
tan b = 0.750 / 2.000
= 0.3750
9.302 x 0.750/2.000
0.510
67.681 - 6.836
=
60.846kN/m
DESIGN OF SECTION ALONG LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION:

Pmax =
P1 150.24kN/sq.m 1 2 269.256kN/sq.m
125.809kN/sq.m 244.828
9.00
Pmin = 4 3 P3 =
119.951kN/sq.m 5.00 238.970kN/sq.m
BM ALONG LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION:
Critical Section for BM shall be at the face of incribed square of

size = d / Ö2 = 4.00 / Ö2
= 2.8284m m
ie., at 1.4142 m from the center of footing
Adopting a clear cover of mm and providing mm dia. bars as = 1450-75-20-10 = 1345mm

mainreinforcement effective depth available
0.500m 4.000m
2.000m -1.450m -0.700m

CRITICAL SEC. FOR B.M
CRITICAL SEC. FOR SHEAR
0.586m 0.75m
1.450m -0.914m d'

10.620 deg. 0.700m
1.345m d' = 0.595m

2
1.414m 3.086m f1 = 179.461 kN/m
2
f2 = 185.319 kN/m
2
f3 = 209.746 kN/m
f1 f2 f3
1.345 1.741m
Average Soil pressure distribution
BM due to soil pressure

=1/2x3.086x(209.746+185.319)x{3.086/3x[(2x209.746+185.319)/(209.746+185.319)]
= 609.543 x 1.574693
= 959.84 kNm/m
BM due to self weight =
=1/2x4.000x(1.45+0.7)x25x{-0.914+[4/3x(2x0.7+1.45)/(0.7+1.45)]}
= 107.5 x 0.8532
= -91.72 kNm/m
=(1.45x(0.5-1.414)x25x1/2x(0.5-1.414)
= -33.140 x -0.4571
= -15.149 kNm/m
BM due to weight of soil above
=1/2x4.00x(-0.70+-1.45)x18x{-0.914+[4.00/3x(2x-0.70+-1.45)/-0.70+-1.45)]}
= -77.4 x 0.8532
= 66.040 kNm/m
=1/2x((0.5-1.414)x18x1/2x(0.5-1.414)
= -8.228 x -0.4571
= -3.7610 kNm/m
Net Bending Moment , M = 915.251 kNm/m
Total Bending Moments = 915.251 x 5.00
= 4576.26kNm
Equivalent width of trapezoidal section, beq
= b +[( B - b) /8]
= 1+[(5-1)/8]
= 1.5000m
CALCULATION OF INTENSITY OF PRESSURE AT THE CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR.
Critical section for S.F is at a distance of eff.depth from the face of

1.4142m from centre of footings
Depth of section at this section = 0.700+0.750/-1.450x3.155

= 1.292m
As per IRC 112:2011 the design shear force is given as
M tanb
Design Shear force = V'-
d
Where V' = Shear force at the critical section
M =
b =
at the section
V' = Shear force at the critical section
Shear force due to soil pressure = 1/2 x 1.741x(185.319+209.746)

= 343.862 kN/m
Shear force due to self weight = 1/2 x 1.741x(1.292+0.700)x25
= -43.3360624 kN/m
Shear force due to weight of earth = 1/2 x 1.741x(-0.700+-0.595)x18
= 20.293 kN/m
Net Shear,V' = 320.819 kN/m
M = Moment at critical section
BM due to soil Pressure =
= 1/2x1.741x(185.319+209.746)x[(2x209.746+185.319)/(209.746+185.319)x1.741/3)]
= 343.8618 x 0.8883
= 305.4637 kN/m
BM due to self weight
= [1/2x1.741x(1.292+0.700)x25]x[(2x0.700+1.292)/(0.700+1.292)x1.741/3]
= 43.3361 x 0.7842
= -33.9848 kN/m
BM due to weight of earth above
= 1/2x1.741x(-0.700+-0.595)x18]x[(2x-0.700+-0.595)/(-0.700+-0.595)x1.741/3]
= -20.2935 x 0.8938
= 18.13925054 kN/m
Net BM, M' = 289.62 kN/m
d1 = Eff. Depth at critical section for shear
= 1,292 - 75 - 10
= 1207mm
b = Angle between top & bottom edges of footing at critical section
tan b = 0.1875
289.618 x 0.750/4.000
1.207
= 320.819 - 45.007
= 275.813kN/m
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR:
As per IRC:112-2011 Critical section for Punching Shear is at a distance of d/2 from the face of Pier, d being the
effective depth of the section.
2.000 682.5
In Longitudinal.dim.=
4.000m
-1.500m
2.1825 In Transverse.dim.= -0.700m

2.000m
CRITICAL SEC.FOR PUNCHING SHEAR
1.450 min.depth = 1.041

1.8175m 0.700m
Depth at critical section along long. Axis

= tan(10.620)x1.818+0.700 = 1.0408m
Depth at critical section along long. Axis
= tan(20.556)x-0.183+0.700 = 0.6316m
d/2 = 0.50xmax of d( 1,365mm [or] 1,345mm) = 682.50 mm
Circumference of the critical section = p x 4000+1365 16854.64 mm
Effective depth, d = 1040.78125x-75-0.50x20 = 955.78 mm
Punching shear force = Load on Footing = 6046.41kN
As per IRC:112:2011
Permissible punching shear stress, tc = 0.16 square root of fck =
= 0.876Mpa
Actual shear stress, t = 6,046.41x10e3/(16,854.64x955.781)
= 0.375Mpa < 0.876Mpa
CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS:
Dia. of dispersed concentric area = 4.00+ 2 x (0.750+0.700)
= 6.900m
Area of dispersion, A1 = p x 6.900^2 / 4
2
= 37.4 m
Loaded area in plan, A2 = area of Pier
2
= 12.6 m
A1/A2 = 37.393/12.566 = 2.98 > 2
and hence restricted to 2
Referring to IRC :112:2011
Permissible direct conmp. Stress in concrete, sco = 6.200 Mpa
Allowable bearing pressure, scc = s co x (A1 / A2) 0.5 = 6.20xsqrt [2]
= 8.77Mpa
Actual bearing pressure = N max /A = 6,046.409x10e3/12.566
= 0.48Mpa
< 8.77Mpa Hence OK
DESIGN OF FOOTING (LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION) By Limit State Method
Equivalent width of trapezoidal section, beq = b +[( B - b) /8]
= 1+[(5-1)/8]
= 1.5000m
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.6200
Xumax = 0.6200 x 1,365
= 846.3242
k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1666
=  [757.049 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.1666x30]
= 318mm
Effective depth available = 1,450 - 75 - 20 / 2
= 1365mm
> 318mm
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Area of steel
2
where, R = M/bd
= 757.049 x10^6/ 1,365^2 x 1,500
= 0.406
= (1,500x1,365x30)/(2x500)x[1-sqrt(1-4.61x0.406/30)])
= 61425 x 0.0317
= 1947sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement req = 314 x 1000 / 1,947
= 161.274mm
Providing 20mm dia bars, No. of bars provided
= 1,946.97 / 314
= 6.20 [or] 48 Nos.
Area of steel provided = 314 x 48 = 15080 sq.mm
> 1947sqmm HENCE OK
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 15,079.64 x 100/(1450 x 1500)
= 0.69 %
This satisfy the minimum percentage of steel 0.15% as required
Spacing between bars = 4,830 / 48 = 101mm
< 150mm HENCE OK
Provide 48 nos of 20mm dia bars
fctm = 2.80Mpa m Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2
fyk = 434.78Mpa
= 0.26x((2.8/434.78)x(1450x1000)
= 2428sqmm
< 15080sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1,500x1,450.0
= 2828sqmm
= 0.025x1500x1450
= 54375sqmm
> 15080sqmm HENCE OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Design SF., F = 59.06 kN
= 59.064kN
Depth @ critical section for shear = 1.450 m
Effective depth available = 1.365 m
Width of section = 1.500 m
Area resisting shear Ash = 1.365x1500 = 2047500 sq. mm
Shear stress,t = V/Ash = (59.064x10^3)/2,047,500
= 0.029MPa
As per cl. 10.3.2 of IRC 112.2011 VRd.c >= VED
i) VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33 +0.15cp]bwd
VRd.c min = (vmin + 0.15cp)bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/1,365.000)^0.5
= 1.383
 = Ast/bwd
= 1,946.968/1500x1,365.000
= 0.0010
cp = NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
NED = 0.000kN
Ac = 2175000sq.mm
cp = 0.000
fcd = 0.446fck
= 0.446x30
= 13.38
0.2fcd = 2.676
VRd.c = [0.12x1.383(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x0.000]1,500x1,365
= 0.454
0.454MPa > 0.029MPa
3/2 1/2
ii) vmin = 0.031K fck
= 0.031x1.383^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.276
= 0.276x1,500x1,365
= 565.431
565.4KN > 59.1KN
DESIGN OF FOOTING (TRANSVERSE DIRECTION) By Limit State Method
Equivalent width of trapezoidal section, beq = b +[( B - b) /8]
= 4.3+[(9-4.3)/8]
= 4.8875m
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.6200
Xumax = 0.6200 x 1,365
= 846.3242
k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1666
=  [484.511 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.1666x30]
= 141mm
Effective depth available = 1,450 - 75 - 20 / 2
= 1365mm
> 141mm
OK
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Area of steel
where, R = M/bd2
= 484.511 x10^6/ 1,365^2 x 4,888
= 0.260
= (4,888x1,365x30)/(2x500)x[1-sqrt(1-4.61x0.260/30)])
= 200163.6 x 0.0202
= 4039sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement req = 314 x 1000 / 4,039
= 77.742mm
Providing 20mm dia bars, No. of bars provided
= 4,039.36 / 314
= 12.86 [or] 88 Nos.
Area of steel provided = 314 x 88 = 27646 sq.mm
> 4039sqmm HENCE OK
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 27,646.02 x 100/(1450 x 4887.5)
= 0.39 %
This satisfy the minimum percentage of steel 0.15% as required
Spacing between bars = 8,830 / 88 = 100mm
< 150mm HENCE OK
Provide 88 nos of 20mm dia bars
fctm = 2.50Mpa m Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2
fyk = 434.78Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/434.78)x(1450x1000)
= 2168sqmm
= 0.0013x4,888x1,450.0
= 9213sqmm
= 0.025x4887.5x1450
= 177172sqmm
> 27646sqmm HENCE OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design SF., F = 376.13 kN
= 376.132kN
Depth @ critical section for shear = 1.500 m
Effective depth available = 1.365 m
Width of section = 1.450 m
Area resisting shear Ash = 1.365x1450 = 1979250 sq. mm
Shear stress,t = V/Ash = (376.132x10^3)/1,979,250
= 0.190MPa
As per cl. 10.3.2 of IRC 112.2011 VRd.c >= VED
0.33
i) VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck) +0.15cp]bwd
VRd.c min = (vmin + 0.15cp)bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/1,365.000)^0.5
= 1.383
 = Ast/bwd
= 4,039.359/1450x1,365.000
= 0.0020
cp = NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
NED = 0.000kN
Ac = 2175000sq.mm
cp = 0.000
fcd = 0.446fck
= 0.446x2.1
= 0.9366
0.2fcd = 0.18732
VRd.c = [0.12x1.383(80x0.002x2.1)^0.33+0.15x0.000]1,450x1,365
= 0.229
0.229MPa > 0.190MPa
3/2 1/2
ii) vmin = 0.031K fck
= 0.031x1.383^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.276
= 0.276x1,450x1,365
= 546.583
546.6KN > 376.1KN
DESIGN OF CAPPING BEAM By Limit State Method 7mx2mx1.5m (0.75+0.75)

SUMMARY OF REINFORCEMENT :
@ bottom 32mm dia 10 nos
@ top 32mm dia 10 nos
Compression side reinforcement at bottom:-
'@ bottom 32 mm dia 7 nos

Side face reinforcement:-
Nos. in uniform face 16 mm dia 3 nos
Nos. in varying depth face 16 mm dia 9 nos
Shear reinforcement:-
stirrups
DESIGN OF PIER (ULS Condition), As per Design Aids (SP 16)
Pier length = 4.000m Pier height = 0.500m Pier width
64 no s of 20mm dia bars
Ties provide 16 mm diameter ties at 120 mm centers
DESIGN OF FOOTING (LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION) By Limit State Method

Footing size = 5mx9m
48 nos of 20mm dia bars
DESIGN OF FOOTING (TRANSVERSE DIRECTION) By Limit State Method

88 nos of 20mm dia bars
CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL AT SIVAGIRI.
Road Level
RL99.970
0.3
4.000m
4.900m
5.500m
a Bed level
RL 95.970
0.900m
HEEL SIDE TOE SIDE
Top of Footing
0 075
0.075 02
0.2 0 075
0.075 RL95 070
RL95.070
b
0.3
0.3
0.500
0.600m
FDN
RL94.470
0.3
0.3
2.025m 0.650m 1.225m

3.900m
CROSS SECTION OF RETAINING WALL & FOUNDATION AT CULVERT LOCATION

"All Dimensions and Levels are in meters"
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL
CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL AT SIVAGIRI.
DATA:-
Top of Return wall in metres = RL 99.970
Bottom of stem in metres = RL 95.070
RL at which rear batter starts in metres = RL 99.970
RL at foundation in metres = RL 94.470
Width of stem at uniform section = 0.300m
Width of stem at batter section = 0.200m
Width of stem at base = 0.500m
Height of retaining wall = 5.500m
Height of retaining wall from footing top = 4.900m
Length of Retaining wall = 3.500 m
Footing Details
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 280.00kN/sqm
Toe length straight = 0.075m
Toe length slope = 1.225m
Heel length straight = 0.075m
Heel length slope = 2.025m
Width of the footing = 3.400m
Depth of footing heel side = 0.600m
Depth of footing toe side = 0.600m
Minimum depth of foundation = 0.875m
Depth of foundation = 1.500m
Soil parameters
Angle of Repose  = 37 °
Angle of wall Friction  = 18 °
Angle of wall slope α = 2.34 °
Angle of Internal wall slope β = 0°
Unit Weight of Soil  = 20.00kN/cum
Design notes:-
The design is based on the provisions of the following IRC codes.
1. IRC: 5-2015 3. IRC:112-2011 5. IS:456-2000
2. IRC: 6-2014 4. IRC:78 -2014
2.Material data :
Exposure = Moderate
for base slab = 75mm
Limit state design parameters :
Perm. Bending comp.Stress in concrete, for M-30 = 0.48fck [Cl. 12.2.1, IRC 112:2011]
= 14.40Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel = 0.8fyk [Cl. 12.2.2, IRC 112:2011]
= 400Mpa
Design value of modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200000Mpa [Cl. 6.3.5, IRC 112:2011]
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Co efficient / factor, k = 0.362(Xumax/d) (1-0.416 Xumax/d)
= 0.1338
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm
CALCULATION OF FORCES & MOMENTS
1.Active earth pressure
The intensity of active earth pressure is calculated using Formula given under clause 214.1.1.1 of IRC 6-2014
[Amendment oct. 2014].The centre of pressure exerted by the back fill, when considered dry is located at an
elevation of 0.42 of the height of the wall above the base and 0.33 of height of wall when considered wet.
The Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka is given by

Vertical face  = 0.0 °  = 18.0 °
2 Where, 1/2
2
ka = cos (  -) 1 k = sin ( +  ) x sin (  )
x
2
cos () x cos ( + ) [1+k] cos (  ) x cos (  )
sin (37+18) x sin (37-0)
k =
 cos (0-0 ) x cos (18+0)
0.8192 x 0.6018
k = = 0.720
 1.0000 x 0.9511
2
cos (37-0) 1
k1 = x
cos2 0.00 x cos (18+0) [1+0.72^2]
0.6378 x 0.3380
= = 0.2267
1.0000 x 0.9511
Kah1 = 0.2267 xcos = 0.2160
Sloped face

4.900m
= 2.34 ° = 0.041 rad.
sin (37+18) x sin (37-0)
k =
 cos (2.34-0 ) x cos (18+2.34)
0.8192 x 0.6018 0.200m
k = = 0.725
 0.9992 x 0.9376
cos2 (37-2.34) 1
k3 = x
cos2 2.34 x cos (18+2.34) [1+0.725^2]
0.6766 x 0.3361
= = 0.2429
0.9983 x 0.9376 x
Kah2 = 0.2429 xcos( +  ) = 0.2280
Sl.no Parameters  0  0
0 0 k ka
1 At Vertical face 0.00 37.00 18.00 0.00 0.7200 0.2160
2 At slope face 0.00 37.00 18.00 2.34 0.7250 0.2280
Active earth pressure at top of footing
P1 = 0.5 x Kah x γ x h2
The force acts at 0.42 m f the height = 0.50x0.228x20x4.9^2
= 54.743 kN/m
CG of earth pressure from top of footing = 0.42x4.9
= 2.058m
Moments due the above force at Top of footing = 54.743X2.058
= 112.661 kNm/m
2. Check for fluid pressure :
Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.80kN/cum
Horizontal force = 0.50x4.8x4.9^2
= 57.624kN
< 54.743kN
= 94.119kN-m
< 112.661kN-m
Earth pressure due to a fill of 1.2 m = 0.216 x20x 1.2
= 5.184 kN/sq.m
= 25.402 kN/rm
= 62.234kN-m
4. Self weight of retaining wall upto top of footing :

Considering 1 m length
Weight Lever arm from toe of
Sl. Moment
Description / m run stem
No.
kN m kN.m
1 Stem 0.3x4.9x25 36.75 0.150 5.513
2 Stem batter 0.5x0.2x4.9x25 12.25 0.400 4.900
49.00 10.413
Centre of gravity of the section = 10.413/49 = 0.213m
Eccentricity = 0.5/2-0.213
= 0.037m
Moment due to self weight = 49x0.037
= 1.813kNm
DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL SECTION AT STEM BOTTOM
Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.456
Xumax = 0.456 x450
= 205.200
2
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd ))
= 0.147
Xu/d < Xumax/d Hence Ok
= 1003.189kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [265.062 x 10^6 / 1000 x 0.1338 x30]
= 257mm
Adopting a clear cover of40mm and providing 20mm bars as main rebar
= 500-40-10
= 450mm
> 257mm Hence Ok
= 0.362x30*1000*205.2*(450-0.416x205.2)
= 812.582899
Xu/d = 0.147
Xu = 66.150mm
Ast req. = [265.062x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(450-0.4x66.15)]
Ast req. = 1439sqmm
Spacing Reinforcement req = 314 x 1000 / 1439
= 218mm
= (314 x 1000 /125)x
= 2513sqmm
> 1439sqmm Hence Ok
Check for Max and Mini Reinforcement (As per Section 16.5.1.1(1) of IRC 112:2011)
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(450x1000)
= 585sqmm
< 2513sqmm Hence Ok
= 0.0013x1000x450
= 585sqmm
< 2513sqmm Hence Ok
= 0.025x1000x450
= 11250sqmm
> 2513sqmm Hence Ok
= 288sqmm
= 565sqmm
> 288sqmm Hence Ok
For Other Face
= 1005sqmm
> 360sqmm Hence Ok

Factored, Design S. F, V = 120.22kN
Area resisting shear, Ash = 450 x 1000
= 450000sq.mm
= 0.267Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33+0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/450)^0.5
= 1.667
 = Asl/bwd
Area of the Tensile Reinforcement which extends not less than (lbd+d) beyond
As1
= the consdiered section
= 450sqmm
= 450/1000x450
 = 0.001
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 500000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.667(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x450)
= 0.602Mpa
0.602Mpa > 0.267Mpa
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.667^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.37
= 0.365x1000x450
= 164.250
601.6KN > 120.22KN
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION FOR SECTION AT STEM BOTTOM
Depth D = 500mm
Clear Cover = 40mm
Cover to centre of Reinforcement = 40+10
= 50.0mm
Effective Depth d = 500 -50
= 450mm
Ast = 2513sq.mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 2513x100/(500x1000)
= 0.503%
((2x0.005026x6.25)+(0.005026x6.25)^2))^0.5)-
Neutral axis factor k =
(0.005026x6.25)
= 0.221
Depth of NA from Comp. Fibre = (0.221x450) = 99.5 mm
Lever Arm Z = (450-99.5/3) = 350.5 mm
Srmax (1) = 3.4c+(0.425k1k2)/peff
for cases eccentric tension on local areas k 2 = (1-l
== (3.4x 40/500 )+(0.425x0.8x0.5x20/1000)/0.005026 = 0.948m
Srmax (2) = 3.4c+(0.17)/peff
(3.4x40/1000 )+(0.17x20/1000)/0.005026 = 0.812m
Srmax (3) = 1.3(h-x)
1.3x((500/1000)-(99.5/1000) = 0.521m
5(c + /2) = 5x (40+32/2 ) = 250mm
Srmax = 0.948m
σsc = (265.06x10^6)/(2513x350.5) = 300.93 Mpa
f cteff = 2.50Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011
hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d) = 2.5x(500-450) = 125mm
(h-x/3) = (500-99.5/3) = 467mm
h/2 = 500/2 = 250mm
hceff = 125mm
Aceff = (1000x125) = 125000 Sq.mm
peff = As/Aceff
= 2513/125000 = 0.02
Es = 200000 Mpa
Ecm = 31000 Mpa from Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2011

= 200000/31000 = 6.45
sm-cm = [(sc-kt(fcteff)(1+eeff)]/Es >= 0.6sc/Es
kt = 0.5
(300.93-(0.5x(2.5/0.02) )x(1+6.45x0.02))/200000 = 0.0013
0.6ssc/Es = 0.6x(300.93/200000) = 0.0009
sm-cm = 0.0013
Wk = Srmax(esm-ecm) = 0.0013 <
Table12.1,Cl.12.3.3 IRC 112-2011
CALCULATION OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION
Length of retaining wall at foundation level = 3.500 m
Founding level = RL 94.470
Top of footing level = RL 95.070
Width of base slab = 3.900 m
Width of toe slab = 1.300 m
Width of heel slab = 2.100 m
Depth of toe slab at end = 0.300 m
Depth of toe slab at stem face = 0.600 m
Depth of heel slab at end = 0.300 m
Depth of heel slab at stem face = 0.600 m
1. Active earth pressure at bottom of footings :

Intensity of earth pressure P2 = 0.5 x Kah x w x h 2
= 0.50x0.228x20x5.5^2
= 68.97
68 97 kN/m acts at 0.42
0 42 m from bottom of footing
= 2.3100m
Moments due the above force = 68.97x2.31
= 159.321kN-m
2. Fluid pressure :
Horizontal force = 0.5 x 4.8 x5.5^2
= 72.600kN
< Active Earth Pressure Force
= 133.100kN-m 5.500 m
< 159.32kNm/m
< Active Earth Pressure Moment
Hence fluid force does not govern 4.8x5.5= 26.40kN/Sqm
Earth pressure intensity due to a fill of 1.2 m = 5.184kN/Sqm [ From previous calculation]
= 28.512 kN/m
= 78.408kN-m
4. Self weight :
Sl. Weight / m Lever arm Moment
Description
No. run'kN' from toe'm' 'kNm'
1 Toe slab Rectangular portion
9.188 0.613 5.627
1 x 1.225 x0.3 x 25
4.594 0.817 3.752
1/2 x 1.225 x0.3 x 25
1.125 1.263 1.420
1 x 0.075 x 0.6 x 25
4 Heel slab Rectangular portion
15.188 2.888 43.854
1 x 2.025 x0.3 x 25
7.594 2.550 19.364
1/2 x2.025 x 0.3 x 25
1.125 1.838 2.067
1 x0.075 x 0.6 x 25
7 Earth over Toe slab
1/2 x 1.225 x0.3 x 20 3.675 0.408 1.501
Earth over Heel slab
8 6.075 3.225 19.592
1/2 x 2.025 x0.3 x 20
9 Earth over Heel slab
1 x 2.025 x4.9 x 20 198.450 2.888 573.024
Total 247.013 670.201
Summary of forces and moments
Horz.load
Sl.No. Description Vert.load 'kN' MR Mo
'kN'
1 Live Load Surcharge - 28.512 - 78.408

Stability check at foundation level
Check for sliding

= 68.970kN
Factor of Safety against sliding = = 172.9091/97.482

= 1.77
> 1.5
Earth pressure [Active-Passive] = 159.32

Factor fo safety against overturning = 670.201/237.729
= 2.82
> 1.5
Check for pressure at foundation level
Total load = 247.013kN
Total moment = 432.472kN-m
Eccentricity for the above loads are taken from toe
Eccentricity of the above vert.load under span loaded condition =
432.472 /247.013 = 1.751 m
Moment due to above vert. Load
Under span loaded condition = 247.013x(1.95 -1.751)
= 49.156 kN-m
Safe bearing capacity ( Q ) :
Q allowable = 280.0kN/Sqm
Calculation of Max. and Min. pressure at founding level
247.01 49.156 x 6
Stress at Toe = +
3.90 3.9x3.9
= 63.337 + 19.391
= 82.728kN/sqm
< SBC, Hence Safe
Stress at Heel = 63.337 - 19.391
= 43.946kN/sqm
< SBC, Hence Safe

1.0DL+1.0EP+1.0LLS 247.013 237.729 670.201 1.751 82.746 43.927 Safe Safe
Foundation design without considering soil

Span loaded case
Sl. No Description V MO MR ec base Pmax Pmin
Combination 1
1
1.35 DL + 1.50 E.P. + 1.2 LLs 333.468 333.071 904.771 1.714 116.495 54.514

2
1.35 DL + 1.0 E.P. + 1.2 LLs 333.468 253.410 904.771 1.953 85.071 85.938
Combination 2
3
1.0 DL + 1.3 E.P. + 1.0 LLs 247.013 285.525 670.201 1.557 101.601 25.073

4
1.0 DL + 0.85 E.P. + 1.0 LLs 247.013 213.831 670.201 1.848 73.319 53.354
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB :
1.58m 0.52m 0.30m 1.30m
116.50 2.10m
88.19
79.94
75.17
54.51
3.90m
The critical section of the BM is at the face of the stem Calculation of intensity of
pressure at the face of stem
116.495-54.514
= 54.51 + [ ]x 0.3+1.3
3.90
= 79.942 kN / m2
79.942+54.514 2x54.514+79.942 2.1

= x 2.1 x[ ]x
2 54.514+79.942 3
= 138.89 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 2.025 x0.3 x 25.00 x(0.075+2.025/2
= 16.516 kN-m
Triangular portion = 2.025 x0.3 x 0.5 x 25.00 x ( 0.075 + 2.025 / 3 )
= 5.695 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.075 x0.6 x 25.00 x0.075 / 2
= 0.042 kN-m
Triangular portion = 2.1x0.3x0.50x20x2.1x2/3)
= 8.820 kN-m
= 216.090 kN-m
Total hogging moment = 16.516+5.695+0.042+8.82+216.09
= 247.16 kN-m
Design Bending Moment for Heel = 138.89295 -247.163
= 108.27kN-m
M tanb
d
M =
b =
at the section
Dia of bar = 12mm
= 519mm
= 116.495-54.514
54.51 + [ ] x (1.6+0.519)
3.90
= 88.190 kN / m2
= 116.495 +88.19 x 1.581 = 161.803 kN
2
300.00
2.10
= 525.86 m [or] 526 mm
= 445.00 [or] 445 mm
Rectangular portion = 1.581 x0.3x25.0
= 11.858 kN
Triangular portion = 1.581 x0.226x0.5x25.00
= 4.466 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.581x0.226x0.5x20
= 3.573 kN
Rectangular portion = 1.581x4.974x20
= 157.278 kN
Total downward shear = 16.324+157.27788
= 177.175 kN
Net Shear Force for Heel = 161.803 - 177.175
= -15.372 kN

= 116.495+88.19 2x116.495+88.19 1.581
1.58 x[ ]x
2 116.495+88.19 3
= 133.802 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.581 x0.3x25.0x1.581/2
= 9.373 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.581 x0.226x0.5x25.00x1.581x1/3
= 2.354 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.581x0.226x0.5x20x1.581x2/3
= 3.766 kN-m
= 124.328 kN-m
Bending Moment @ critical section = 133.802-139.821
= -6.02kN-m
-6.019 x 0.3/2.025
Design Shear force = -15.372 -
0.445
= -15.372 - -2.004
= -13.368kN/m
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB By Limit State Method
Check for Depth of section =  [ M / k x fck x b]
Effective Depth req d Xumax/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.4560
Xumax = 0.456x519
= 236.664
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd2))
= 0.0550
= 1080.880kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [108.27 x 10^6 / 0.1338 x 30 x1000]
= 164mm
= 600 - 75- 12 / 2
= 519mm
> 164mm HENCE OK
= 0.362x30x1000x236.664x(519-0.416x236.664)
= 1080.88
Xu/d = 0.0550
Xu = 28.5mm
Ast req. = [108.27x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(519-0.4x28.545)]
= 490sqmm
= 231.0mm
= (113 x 1000 /100)
= 1131sqmm
> 490sqmm HENCE OK
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(1000x519)
= 675sqmm
< 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1000x519
= 675sqmm
< 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.025x1000x519
= 12975sqmm
> 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 98sqmm
= 393sqmm
> 98sqmm HENCE OK
For Other Face

= 393sqmm
> 123sqmm HENCE OK
Hence, Design S. F, V = -13.37kN
= 519000sq.mm
Shear stress, t = V / Ash = (-13.3681714523512x10^3)/519000
= -0.026Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
0.33
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck) +0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/519)^0.5
= 1.621
 = Asl/bwd
As1
= 519sqmm
= 519/1000x519
 = 0.001
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 600000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.621(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x519)
= 0.661Mpa
0.661Mpa > ########
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.621^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.35
= 0.35x1,000x519
= 181.650
181.650KN > -13.368KN
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB :
The critical section of the BM is at the face of the stem
0.7810m 0.5190m 0.30m 2.10m
1.30m
54.51
116.50
100.90
92.66
87.89
3.90m
Calculation of intensity of pressure at the face of stem
116.495-54.51
= 54.51 + [ ] x (2.1+0.3)
3.90
= 92.655 kN / m2
= 116.495+92.655 2x116.495 + 92.655 1.30
x 1.30 x[ ]x
2 116.495 + 92.655 3
= 91.723 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 1.225x0.3x25x(0.075+1.225/2
= 6.3164 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.225x0.3x0.5x25.00x(0.075+1.225
= 2.2203 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.075x0.6x25.0x(0.075/ 2)
= 0.0422 kN-m
BM due to self weight of concrete = 8.58 kN-m
Triangular portion = 1.225x0.3x0.5x20x(0.075+1.225x2/3)
= 3.2769 kN-m
= 15.2100 kN-m
BM due to overburden of earth = 18.49 kN-m
Design Bending Moment = 91.723 -27.066
= 64.66kN-m

M tanb
d
M =
Angle between the top and the bottom edges of the beam at
b =
the section
Dia of bar = 12mm
= 519mm
= 116.495-54.51
54.51 + [ ] x (2.1+0.3+0.519)
3.90
= 100.903 kN / m2
= 116.495+100.903 = 84.894 kN
x 0.781
2
300.00
1.30
= 480.23 m [or] 480 mm
= 399mm
Rectangular portion = 0.781 x 0.3 x 25.0
= 5.858 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.781 x0.18x0.5 x 25.0
= 1.757 kN-m
SF due to self weight of concrete = 7.615 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.781 x0.18x0.5 x 20
= 1.406 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.781 x1.02 x20
= 15.932 kN-m
SF due to overburden of earth = 17.338 kN-m
Total downward shear = 24.953
Net Shear Force = 84.894 -24.953

= 59.941 kN
= 116.495+100.903 2x116.495+100.903 0.781
0.781 x[ ]x
2 116.495+100.903 3
= 33.944 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.781 x 0.3 x 25.0x0.781/2
= 2.287 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.781 x0.18x0.5 x 25.0x0.781x2/3
= 0.915 kN-m
Triangular portion = 0.781 x0.18x0.5 x 20x0.781x1/3
= 0.366 kN-m
Rectangular portion = 0.781 x1.02 x20x0.781/2
= 6.222 kN-m
Bending Moment @ critical section = 33.944 - 9.79
= 24.15kN-m
24.154 x0.3/1.225
0.399
= 59.941 - 14.825
= 45.116 kN
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB (By Limit State Method)

Xumax/d
/d = 0.0035/(0.0055 + 0.87fy/Es)
= 0.4560
Xumax = 0.456 x519
= 236.664
Xu/d = 1.2-√(1.4-(6.68Mu/fckbd2))
= 0.0400
= 1080.880kN-m
d req = [ M / 0.138 x fck x b]
=  [64.657 x 10^6 / 0.1338 x 30 x1000]
= 127mm
= 600 - 75- 12 / 2
= 519mm
> 127mm HENCE OK
= 0.362x30x1000x236.664x(519-0.416x236.664)
= 1080.88
Xu/d = 0.0400
Xu = 20.8mm
= [64.657x 10^6 /0.87 x500x(519-0.4x20.76)]
Ast req. = 291sqmm
= 389.0mm
= (113 x 1000 /100)
= 1131sqmm
> 291sqmm HENCE OK
fctm = 2.50Mpam Table 6.5 of IRC 112:2
fyk = 500.00Mpa
= 0.26x((2.5/500)x(1000x519)
= 675sqmm
< 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.0013x1000x519
= 675sqmm
< 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 0.025x1000x519
= 12975sqmm
> 1131sqmm HENCE OK
= 58sqmm
= 393sqmm
> 58sqmm HENCE OK
For Other Face
= 393sqmm
> 73sqmm HENCE OK
= 519000sq.mm
Shear stress, t = V / Ash = (45.116x10^3)/519000)
= 0.087Mpa
VRd.c >= VED
VRd.c = [0.12K(801fck)0.33+0.15cp]bwd
K = 1+d
= 1+(200/519)^0.5
= 1.621
 = Asl/bwd
As1
= 519sqmm
= 519/1000x519
 = 0.001
= NED/Ac <= 0.2fcd = 0
= 0.446fck
= 13.38
Ac = 600000sq.mm
σcp = 2.68N/mm2
VRd.c = 0.12x1.621(80x0.001x30)^0.33+0.15x2.676))x1000x519)
= 0.572Mpa
0.572Mpa > 0.087Mpa
ii) vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
= 0.031x1.621^(3/2)x30^(1/2)
= 0.35
= 0.35x1,000x519
= 181.650
181.650KN > 45.116KN

Structural Design Report

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Structural Design Report

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT

KALINGAL ODAI, KOMBAIAARU, TENKASI

DISTRICT, NABARD SCHEME 2021-2022

S.No DESCRIPTION SPAN

1 RCC T-Beam Slab Bridge – Sivagiri 15m

7) Analysis and Design Approach

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER SLAB

Impact factor = 4.5/(6+L) = 4.5 = 0.23

Tyre width of 11.4t load = 0.5 m

Average thickness of cantilever slab = 250+250 = 250 mm

Dispersion width along span of cantilever

some portion of dispersion width goes beyond the edge of cantilever.

Considering Dispersion width in cantilever portion = 853 mm

As Per I.R.C Class A loading Maximum 11.4 t

Live load / meter width = 5.700 = 6.394 t

Load over cantilever portion = 0.8525 x 6.394 = 4.824 t

Max. Moment due to live load impact

Unit Weight of materials, As per I.R.C 6-2010

Self weight of slab (Rec. portion) = 1.6375 x 0.25 x 2.5 = 1.023

Total BM due to DL+LL,MB = 2.529+2.361 = 4.890 t-m

Using 16 mm dia bars with Clear cover 40 mm

Depth Required = 19.2 cm < 20.20 cm Hence Ok

Area of steel required = 4.89x 10^5 = 11.183 Sq.cm

Area of each 16 mm dia = 201.062 mm i.e 2.011 sq.cm

Distribution steel requirement: (As per clause 305.15.1 of IRC:21-2000)

LL_Moment (Max. of LL) = 2.529 t-m

Spacing required 0.503 x 100 = 17.869 cm

Max. shear force due to LL+DL V = 5.934 + 2.227 = 8.161 t

Actual shear stress, c= V / (b x d) = 8.161 x 1000 = 4.04 kg/Sqcm

Ast x 100 = 20.11 x 100 = 0.996 %

As per Table:23 of IS .456-2000 Ast x 100/ b x d tc value

Permissible Shear stress, tc value 0.429 N /Sq.mm

Grade of concrete = M30

Using Main Reinforcement of 16 mm dia bars

Effective Size of the panel:

Clear width of the panel (B) = 2.125 m

(1). Dead load calculations:

ii. Weight of wearing coat = 0.065 x 2.400

Total = i + ii = 0.781 t/m 2

i. Max. B.M. due to Dead Load :

Total Dead weight = 0.781 x 2.125 x 6.400

Moment along short span = ( 0.035 + ( 0.150 x 0.003 )) x 10.622

Moment along long span = ( 0.003 + ( 0.150 x 0.035 )) x 10.622

ii. Live load B.M. due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle :

Size of one panel of deck slab = 2.125 m x 6.400 m

0.625 Long. Girder

2.750 0.85 B= 2.125

u = 0.85 + 2 x 0.065 + 0.250

Similar width of load spreadig along long span,

v = 3.60 + 2 x 0.065 + 0.250

= 3.738 m limited to 6.400 m.

Total load per track including Impact = 1.250 x 35.000

Effective load on span = 6.400 x 43.750

Moment along short span = ( 8.000 + ( 0.150 x 0.650 )) x 10 ^ -2 x 74.899

Moment along long span = ( 0.650 + ( 0.150 x 8.000 )) x 10 ^ -2 x 74.899

Actual Moment along short span = 0.800 x 6.065

Actual Moment along long span = 0.800 x 1.386

Along Long Span = DL + LL = 0.082 + 1.109

iii.Check for Effective Depth:

Effe. depth required = sqrt( M / (Q*b)) Q= 13.265

Area of steel required = M

Spacing required = 2.01 x 100 / 11.955 = 16.813 cm

Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c (C)