Design Document

Design Document for 20m & 30m Span Steel
Composite Girder
Design of 20m steel composite superstructure RP001
Design of 20m Span Steel Composite Girder

2 Design of Plate Girder (Mid Portion)
2.1 Structural configuration
Overall span (Exp joint -Exp joint) (Skew) = 20.00 m

Overall span (Exp joint -Exp joint) (Square) = 20.00 m
Skew Angle θ = 0.00 °
Dist. between C/L of EJ to C/L of Bearing (SK) = 0.750 m
Dist. between C/L of EJ to C/L of Bearing (SQ) = 0.750 m
Effective span (SK) = 18.500 m
Effective span (SQ) = 18.500 m
Number of intermediate X-Bracings = 6 No's
Spacing between intermediate X-Bracings (SK) = 5.00 m
Spacing between intermediate X-Bracings (SQ) = 5.00 m
Spacing of girder in transverse direction (SK) = 2.500 m
Spacing of girder in transverse direction (SQ) = 2.500 m
Number of main girders = 6 No's
Total width of deck slab (SQ) = 16.610 m
Total width of deck slab (SK) = 16.610 m
Width of crash barrier = 0.5 m
Carriageway width = 15.61 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid location = 250 mm
Thickness of deck slab over the girder = 300 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 65 mm
Material properties
Grade of Steel used for girders = E350 From Table 2 of IS 2062-2011
Ultimate tensile stress of steel = 490 Mpa
Yield strength of steel used for girders = 350 Mpa For Plate Sizes <20mm
= 330 Mpa For Plate Sizes 20 to 40mm
= 320 Mpa For Plate Sizes > 40mm
Yield strength of connector material (Studs) = 385 Mpa From Table 8 of IRC 22 : 2015
Young's modulus of steel = 200000 Mpa
Concrete grade for deck slab = M 45
Young's modulus of concrete = 34000 Mpa From Table 6.5 of IRC 112 : 2011
o
Thermal expansion Coefficient = 0.0000120 / C From Cl:215.4 of IRC 6-2017
Shrinkage Coefficient = 0.0002 From Cl:217.3 of IRC 6-2017
Poisson's ratio = 0.30
3
Density of steel = 78.50 kN/m
Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Density of wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
16610
Page 1 of 66
Page 2 of 66
2.2 Calculation of sectional properties of plate girder
2.2.1 Sectional properties of steel section
350
Section classification for assumed section
16 (From Table 2 of IRC 24-2010)
167.0 167.0 Yield stress ratio Є = (250/fy)^.5
Є for Top flange = 0.85
861
Є for Web = 0.85

Є for Bottom flange = 0.87
Class of Section
1409
1450
Class1 Class2 Class3 Semi
Ratio
Plastic Compact compact
16 b/tf 7.10 7.94 11.49
590
d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49
Top flange b/tf = 10.44 Semicompact Section

267.0 267.0 Web d/tw = 88.1 Compact Section
25 Bottom flange b/bf = 10.68 Semicompact Section
550
B D y in Area-A Izz = I self + A (
Description Ay A ( yb - y )2 "I" Self Iyy
mm mm mm mm2 yb - y )2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 350 16 1442 5600 8.08E+06 4.07E+09 1.19E+05 4.07E+09 5.72E+07
Web 16 1409 730 22544 1.64E+07 4.42E+08 3.73E+09 4.17E+09 4.81E+05
Bottom flange 550 25 13 13750 1.72E+05 4.58E+09 7.16E+05 4.58E+09 3.47E+08
41894 2.47E+07 9.09E+09 1.28E+10 4.04E+08
24692923
Y from bottom = = 589.50 mm
41894.00
Y from top = 1450.00 - 589.50 = 860.50 mm
Izz = 12819988001 mm4
Iyy = 404262189 mm4
Z top = 14898301 mm3
Z bot = 21747223 mm3

2.2.2 Sectional properties of composite section
Concrete grade = M 45 Mpa
E for concrete Ec = 34000 Mpa
E for steel Es = 200000 Mpa

Cl. 604.3 of IRC : 22 - 2015
Modular ratio for Permanent loads = Es / ( Kc*Ec) where, Kc = Creep factor
= 0.50
= 200000.00 / ( 0.50 x 34000.00 ) = 11.76
For permanent loading modular ratio (m) should be ≥ 15 \ m = 15.00
Modular ratio for Transient (short term) loads = Es / Ec = 200000.00 / 34000.00 = 5.88
For transient loading modular ratio (m) should be ≥ 7.5 \ m = 7.50
Page 3 of 66
2500
1025 50 350 50 1025
250
300
350
50
16
649
1750
1409
1450
1101
16
x 25 x
550
For inner girder portion

Area of concrete = 625000.0 + 17500.0 + 2500.0 = 645000.00 mm2
For end girder portion
CG of slab = 625000.0 x 125.0 + 17500.0 x 275.0 + 2500.0 x 266.7

(from top) 645000
CG of slab = 129.62 mm
Effective equivalent width of steel = 645000.00 / ( 15.00 x 300.00 )
= 143 mm - For Permanent loads ( SIDL )
= 287 mm - For Transient loads ( Live Load )
2.2.2.1 Composite section for permanent loads

143
RCC slab
300
649
16
1750
350
1450
1409
16
1101
25
550
Page 4 of 66
B in D in y in Area-A in 2 Izz = I self + A ( 4

Description Ay A ( yb - y ) "I" Self Iyy in mm
mm mm mm mm2 yb - y )2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 350 16 1442 5600 8.08E+06 6.51E+08 119467 6.51E+08 5.72E+07
Web 16 1409 730 22544 1.64E+07 3.11E+09 3.73E+09 6.84E+09 4.81E+05
CONCRETE SECTION for Permanent loads
Slab 143 300 1600 42900 6.86E+07 1.07E+10 3.22E+08 1.10E+10 7.31E+07
84794 9.33E+07 3.07E+10 4.05E+09 3.48E+10 4.77E+08
For Permanent loads
Y from bottom = 93332923 = 1101.00 mm
84794
Y from top = 1750.00 - 1101.00 = 649.00 mm
= 4
I zz 34788374953 mm
Z top = 99680157 mm3
Z bot = 31597071 mm3
Z top of slab = 53603043 mm3
2.2.2.2 Composite section for transient loads

287
300
RCC slab
16
350
1750
1450
16
1409
x 25 x
550
B in D in y in Izz = I self
Description
mm Area-A mm2 Ay A ( yb - y )^2 "I" Self Iyy
mm mm + A ( yb - y )^2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 350 16 1442 5600 8.08E+06 1.67E+08 1.19E+05 1.67E+08 5.72E+07
Web 16 1409 730 22544 1.64E+07 6.57E+09 3.73E+09 1.03E+10 4.81E+05
CONCRETE SECTION for Transient loads
Slab 287 300 1600 86100 1.38E+08 9.42E+09 6.46E+08 1.01E+10 5.91E+08
127994 1.62E+08 3.79E+10 4.38E+09 4.22E+10 9.95E+08
Page 5 of 66
For Transient loads

Y from bottom = 162452923 = 1269.20 mm
127994
Y from top = 1750 - 1269.20 = 480.80 mm
I zz = 42247120770 mm4
4
I yy = 995259763.67 mm
3
Z top = 233667703.37 mm
3
Z bot = 33286417.25 mm
3
Z top of slab = 87868387.62 mm
2.3 Sectional Properties of Diaphragm Section

500
25 Section classification for assumed section

241 241 (From Table 2 of IRC 24-2010)
Yield stress ratio e = (250/fy)^.5
900
e for Top flange = 0.87

e for Web = 0.85
1750
e for Bottom flange = 0.87

1800
Class of Section
Class1 Class2 Class3
Ratio
18 Plastic Compact Semicompact
b/tf 7.31 8.18 11.84
900
d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49
241 241 Top flange b/tf = 9.64 Semicompact Section

25 Web d/tw = 97 Semicompact Section
Bottom flange b/bf = 9.64 Semicompact Section
500
B in D in y in Area-A Izz = I self +
Description 2 Ay A ( yb - y )2 "I" Self 2 Iyy in mm4
mm mm mm mm A ( yb - y )
"I" SECTION
Top flange 500 25 1788 12500.0 2.23E+07 9.85E+09 6.51E+05 9.85E+09 2.60E+08
Web 18 1750 900 31500.0 2.84E+07 0.00E+00 8.04E+09 8.04E+09 8.51E+05
Bottom flange 500 25 13 12500.0 1.56E+05 9.85E+09 6.51E+05 9.85E+09 2.60E+08
56500.0 5.09E+07 1.97E+10 2.83E+10 5.22E+08
50850000
Y from bottom = = 900 mm
56500
Y from top = 1800 - 900 = 900 mm
Izz = 28253454667 mm4
Iyy = 521683833 mm4
Z top = 31392727 mm3
Z bot = 31392727 mm3
Page 6 of 66
2.4 Load calculation for analysis

Dead load
Self weight of girder
Cross sectional area of the girder = 0.0419 m2
= 0.04189 x 78.50
= 3.30 kN / m
Self weight of diaphragm

Cross sectional area of the diaphragm = 0.0565 m2
= 0.0565 x 78.50
= 4.44 kN / m
Dead load of deck slab
For inner girder

Area of concrete = 645000 mm2
Load per metre run = 645000 x 25 / 1000000 = 16.20 kN / m
For end girder

Superimposed Dead load

Area of crash barrier = 0.322 m2
Thickness wearing coat = 0.065 m
Due to crash barrier
Load per metre run = 0.322 x 25 = 8.05 kN/m
Due to wearing coat

For inner girder
Load per metre run = 2.500 x 0.065 x 22 = 3.60 kN/m
For end girder

2.5 Deflection
Actual deflection due to CL A & 70R vehicles = 20.35 mm
= 19.56 mm
Live load Deflection limit (L/800 ) = 23.13 mm
SAFE
Actual deflection due to dead load = 31.3 mm
Dead load + LL Deflection limit (L/600) = 30.8 mm
Total Deflection due to DL and LL = 50.8 mm
Provide Precamber
Hence a precamber of 30 mm is provided
Page 7 of 66
2.6 Summary of forces and moments from Global Model report
2.6.1 Unfactored Shear forces and Bending moments (From Midas)
2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
16610
For main girders G1 to G6 (Mid Portion)
Impact factor for steel girder with class A loading = 9 / ( 13.5 + L )

= 0.28
So, Impact percentage for 18.50 m = 28.1% , factor = 128.13% From Cl:208.2 of IRC 6-2017
Impact percentage for 70R wheeled vehicle = 25.0% upto 23 m span

= 15.4% beyond 45 m span
Impact percentage for 18.50 m = 28.1% , factor = 128.13%
Impact percentage for 70R Tracked = 10.0% , factor = 110.00%
Congestion factor for steel girder = 1.15 From Cl.204.4(Table &) of IRC 6-2017
Page 8 of 66
Staad Results for 29m span-For maximum BM and SF (mid Portion) Ref. Appendix 1
Description Girder G1 Girder G2 Girder G3 Girder G4 Girder G5 Girder G6

DL BM of steel girder at c/l of span in kNm 180 166 180 177 177 180 166
DL Shear force steel girder at support in kN 30 41 32 32 41 30
DL BM of slab - in kNm 953 953 902 828 828 902 953

DL Shear force of slab at support in kN 182 202 158 158 202 182
SIDL BM due to wearing coat - in kNm 191 191 189 179 179 189 191
SIDL SF due to wearing coat at support -in kN 36 42 34 34 42 36
SIDL BM due to crash barrier - in kNm 400 400 116 48 48 116 400
SIDL SF due to crash barrier at support -in kN 77 15 14 14 15 77
Total SIDL BM - in kNm 591 591 305 227 227 305 591
Total SIDL SF - in kN 113 113 57 48 48 57 113
Footpath Live Load BM - in kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0
Footpath Live Load SF at support - in kN 0 0 0 0 0 0
Live Load Bending moments in kNm

Bending moment due to LL 1656 1169 938 938 1169 1656
Bending moment due to LL with impact 2122 2122 1498 1202 1202 1498 2122
Bending moment due to LL with impact and cong fact 2440 2440 1722 1382 1382 1722 2440
0 Load governing in LL BM 2122 2122 1498 1202 1202 1498 2122

0 2440 2440 1722 1382 1382 1722 2440
Page 9 of 66

Live Load Shear forces in kN
Shear force due to LL 325 334 203 200 334 325
Shear force due to LL with impact 428 416 428 260 256 428 416
Shear force due to LL with Impact and congestion factor 492 479 492 299 295 492 479
0 Load governing in LL SF 428 416 428 260 256 428 416

0 492 479 492 299 295 492 479
Total bending moment in kNm 3,831 2,885 2,434 2,434 2,885 3,832
Total shear force in kN 741 728 498 494 728 741
Page 10 of 66
2.6.2 Summary of factored Shear forces and Bending moments
From Table-3.2 of IRC 6:2017 partial safety factors- for DL-1.35 , for SIDL - WC = 1.75 CB = 1.35 & for LL- 1.5
Load
factor
DL Shear force steel girder at support in kN 1.35 55 41 55 43 43 55 41

DL Shear force of slab at support in kN 1.35 273 246 273 213 213 273 246
SIDL BM due to wearing coat - in kNm 334 331 313 313 331 334
SIDL SF due to wearing coat at support -in kN 1.75 63 74 60 60 74 63
SIDL BM due to crash barrier - in kNm 539 157 65 65 157 540

SIDL SF due to crash barrier at support -in kN 1.35 104 20 19 19 20 104
Total Factored SIDL BM - in kNm 874 874 488 378 378 487 874
Total Factored SIDL SF - in kN 167 167 94 78 78 94 167
Bending Moment due to Live load 0 4369 3183 2247 1803 1803 2247 3183
1.5
0 is the governing case)
Shear Force due to live Load - 0 492 625 642 390 384 642 625
1.5
Bending Moment due to Live load 0 3660 2584 2073 2073 2584 3660
Shear Force due to live Load 0 1.5 718 738 449 442 738 718
Total bending moment in kNm 5568 5566 4195 3537 3538 4195 5568
Girder G6 Girder G1 Girder G2 Girder G3 Girder G4 Girder G5 Girder G6
Total shear force in kN 1078 1078 1064 725 719 1064 1078
From the above table it is observed that Girder G6 is subjected to maximum bending moment and Girder G1 is subjected to
maximum shear force.
Hence Girder G6 is designed for maximum bending moment & maximum shear force (Girder G1) and the same section is
adopted for all the girders
Page 11 of 66
Forces considered for the design of Girder G6

Factored Un Factored
Description
BM (kNm) SF (kN) BM (kNm)
Steel girder 224 41 166
Deck slab 1287 246 953
SIDL 874 167 591
Bending moment due to live load on Girder G6 (0) 3183 625 2122
Maximum LL BM (0) 3660 738 2440
Page 12 of 66
2.8 Sectional Properties and Standard Requirements
2.8.1 Characteristic Stresses and Material Constants

Structural Steel Grade = E350
Max Tensile stress = Fe490 IS 800-2007 Table I Page 14/ IS2062
Table 2 Page 4
Yield stress of steel used for girders > 40 = 320 MPa
< 20 = 350 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity for Steel E = 2.0E+05 MPa
Unit Mass of Steel ρ = 7,850 kg/m3
IRC 22-2015 Page 25, Annex-III / IRC
Poisson's Ratio μ = 0.3 24-2010 Page 24
Modulus of Rigidity G = 7.7E+04 MPa
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion αt = 1.20E-05 /oC
Concrete grade for deck slab = M45 MPa
Steel Reinforcement grade = Fe500 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec = 34,000 MPa IRC 22-2015 Table III.1 of Annex-III
Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3
Creep Factor for long term loads Kc = 0.5 IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
Permissible Stresses in Reinforcing Steel

Permissible elastic stress in reinforcing steel 0.8*fy = 256 MPa IRC 22-2015 Clause 604.3.1 Pg 23
Permissible Stresses in Concrete

Permissible bending stress in concrete (Rare) 0.48*fck = 21.60 MPa IRC 22-2015 Clause 604.3.1 Pg 23
Permissible bending stress in concrete (quasi) 0.36*fck = 16.20 MPa
2.8.1.1 Elastic Sectional Property Y
350
16
861
16
1,409 1,450
Z Z
589
25
Y
550
Figure 5.1 Cross section of Steel Girder
Page 13 of 66
Izz = Iself
Yb ∑ "I" Self @ "I" self
B D Area (A) y Ay A(Yb - y)2 + A(Yb-
Description (A x y) / ∑ A z- z @ y- y
y)2
mm mm mm2 mm mm3 mm mm4 mm4 mm4
Top flange 350 16 5,600 1,442 8.08E+06 589.41 4.07E+09 1.19E+05 5.7E+07 4.1E+09
Web 16 1,409 22,544 730 1.64E+07 589.41 4.42E+08 3.73E+09 4.8E+05 4.2E+09
Bottom flange 550 25 13,750 13 1.72E+05 589.41 4.58E+09 7.16E+05 3.5E+08 4.6E+09
41,894 2,46,92,923 9.09E+09 4.0E+08 1.3E+10
Where,
y= C. G. of individual plate from bottom of girder
Yb = N. A. of section from bottom of girder
Izz = Moment of Inertial about z - z
Iyy = Moment of Inertial about y - y
As section is unsymmetrical about z-z axis, the moment of inertial is calculated based on parallel axis theorem
4
Izz = 1.3E+10 mm
and symmetric about y - y axis, hence the addition of Iself about y-y axis itself as a Iyy of section
Iyy = 4.04E+08 mm4
Elastic Section Modulus of section (Ze)

3
Z top =12,81,99,87,694/(861) = 1.49E+07 mm
3
Z bot =12,81,99,87,694/589.41 = 2.18E+07 mm
2.8.1.2 Plastic Section Modulus of section (Zp)

The plastic section modulus is calculated as per clause 603.1.3 of IRC:22-2015.
ε =SQRT(250/320) = 0.88
20 ε tw =20xSQRT(250/320)x16 = 282.84 mm
350
16
A1 282.84
918.67
A2
1,450 282.84
A3 16 531.33
25
550
Zp = A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 + A3 x y3
2
A1 = 10125.48 mm =(350x16+282.84x16)
C1 = 74.8 mm =((((350x16)x(16/2))+((282.84x16)x(16+282.84/2)))/10125.48)
y1 = 843.89 mm =918.67-74.78
2
A2 = 4525.483 mm =(282.84x16)
y2 = 141.4 mm =(282.84/2)
Page 14 of 66
2
A3 = 21851.23 mm =((550x25)+((531-25)x16))
C3 = 110.993 mm =((((550x25)x(25/2))+(((531.32-25)x16)x(531.32-25)/2+25))/21851.22)
y3 = 420.33 mm =531.32-110.99
For Plastic Section modulus, A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 = A3 x y3
3
A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 = 9.2E+06 mm
3
A3 x y3 = 9.2E+06 mm
3
Zp = 1.8E+07 mm
Sectional Requirement for Steel Girder

fy= Yield Stress of Steel Used = 320 MPa
e =SQRT(250/e) = 0.85 Top Flange & Bottom flange
e =SQRT(250/e) = 0.85 Web
Minimum width to thickness ratio for Compression Flange IRC 24-2010 clause 503.7.2 Table 2 -Page 33
Compression
Ratio Class 1 Plastic Class 2 Compact Class 3 Semi compact
Element
8.4e = 7.10 9.4e = 7.94 13.6e = 11.49
Outstand element of
b/tf Actual = 10.44 Actual = 10.44 Actual = 10.44
compression flange
- - Semi Compact
Minimum depth to thickness ratio for Web IRC 24-2010 clause 503.7.2 Table 2 -Page 33
Compression
Element
84e = 70.99 105e = 88.74 126e = 106.49
Web of an I-
d/tw Actual = 88.06 Actual = 88.06 Actual = 88.06
section
- Compact -
Overall Section is " Compact"
As per IRC 22:2015 - Amendments NO 1/ July'17
Minimum Web thickness IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1-Page 97
The thickness of web in a section shall satisfy the following requirement

1 Serviceability requirement
2 Compression flange buckling requirement
1 Serviceability requirement IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1.1 -Page 97
a) When Transverse Stiffeners are not provided

ϵ = SQRT(250/fyw) = 0.884
d/tw <= 200e
88.06 <= 176.8 N/A
b) When only Transverse Stiffeners are provided

Spacing of transverse stiffeners c = 1750 mm
Depth of web d = 1409 mm
Page 15 of 66
i) When 3d >= c >= d 4227.00 >= 1750 >= 1409 OK
ii) When 0.74d <= c < d 1042.66 <= 1750 >= 1409 N/A
iii) When c < 0.74d 1750 >= 1043 N/A
iv) When c > 3d 1750 < 4227 Stiffened
Considering Case I d/tw <= 200e

88.1 <= 176.78 OK
As web thickness satisfies serviceability requirement, provide only transverse stiffeners.
2 Compression flange buckling requirement IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1.2 -Page 99

ϵ = SQRT(250/fyf) = 0.88
d/tw <= 345 ϵf2
88.06 <= 269.53 N/A

b) When Transverse Stiffeners are provided
i) When c >= 1.5 d 1750 < 2114 N/A
ii) When c < 1.5d 1750 < 2114 OK
Considering Case ii) d/tw <= 345 ϵf
88.06 <= 304.94 OK

As web thickness satisfies compression flange buckling requirement, provide only transverse stiffeners.
4.0 Check for Sectional Adequacy

Design for Construction stage of Girder
4.1 Design Shear Strength of Steel Girder (Vd) IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4-Page 90
Vd = Vn/ϒmo
Where,
Vd = Design Shear Strength
Vn = Nominal shear resistance of the section
ϒmo = Partial safety factor against shear failure = 1.10 IRC 24-2010 clause 503.4-Page 30
The vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section.
Nominal Shear strength may be governed by plastic shear resistance or strength of web as governed by shear buckling.
i) Plastic Shear Resistance:

Vn = Vp
Where, Vp = Av x fyw / √3
AV = Shear Area IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4.1.1-Page 91
= d x tw (Considering Major Axis Bending for Welded Sections)

= 22544 mm2
fyw = Yield strength of the web
Hence, Vp = 4165051 N
= 4165 kN
ii) Shear Buckling Resistance:

Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified in the following manner:
1) For stiffened webs d/tw > 67 ϵ √(Kv / 5.35)
88.06 > 72.16 OK
Page 16 of 66
Where, Kv = Shear Buckling Coefficient IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4.2.2-Page 92
= 5.35 4.0/ ⁄ = 7.94 when transverse stiffeners are provided with c/d >= 1
ε = 250

The resistance to shear buckling is calculated by the following methods.
a) Simple Post Critical method

Vn = Vcr
Where,
Vcr = Shear force corresponding to web buckling
= Av x τb
tb = Shear stress corresponding to web buckling
The shear stress corresponding to web buckling is calculated as follows:

When λw <= 0.8 τb = fyw / √3
When 0.8 < λw < 1.2 τb = ( 1 - 0.8 ( λw - 0.8 )) ( fyw / √3 )
When λw >= 1.2 τb = fyw /( √3 λw2)
π2
τcr,e = (Elastic Critical Shear Stress)
12 1 μ2 ! 2

= 185 MPa
(Non-dimensional Web slenderness ratio)

λw =
3τ ,
= 1.00
Hence tb = 155.35 MPa
Hence Vcr = Av x τb
Vcr = 3502176 N
Vn = 3502 kN
Nominal Shear strength is minimum of the above two methods.

Vn = 3502 kN
Design shear strength

Vd = 3,502/1.10
Vd = 3184 kN
4.2 Design Bending Strength of Steel section
i) For Laterally Un-Supported Beam

The design bending strength of the steel girder is calculated as follows, when Vn < 0.6Vd.
IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.2-Page 80
Md = b b Z p f bd
Where,
f bd = χLT f y / gmo
ϒmo = 1.10 = Partial safety factor
cLT = 1/(fLT + (fLT2 - lLT2)1/2) <1.0
Page 17 of 66
fLT = 0.5*[1 + aLT(lLT - 0.2) + lLT2]

aLT = 0.49 For welded section IRC 24-2010 clause 509.3.5-Page 89
lLT = slenderness ratio = (b b Zp fy / Mcr)1/2 < (1.2 Ze fy / Mcr)1/2

bb = 1.000 (1 for plastic or compact section and Ze / Zp for Semi compact section)
 2 EI y  
0.5
 K  I w 
2
Mcr
GI ( L ) 2 
 c1 
2  

  t 2 LT  (c2 y g  c3 y j ) 2   (c2 y g  c3 y j ) -(Annex-C of IRC-24-2010, pg.177)
( LLT )  K w  I y  EI y  
 
E = 2.0E+05 MPa = Modulus of elasticity of material

LLT = 2.5 x 4EIfc ad) = eff. length for lateral torsion restraint IRC 24-2010 clause 509.3.5-Page 89
= 5000 mm
a = 5000 mm = Distance between intermediate cross frames
d = [d13 / 3EI1] + [(d22)b / EI2]
= 2.62E-07 mm
d1 = -183.0 mm = Dist. from CG of comp flange to top of cross beam
d2 = 717.0 mm = Dist. from CG of comp flange to NA of cross beam
4
I1 = 2.7E+07 mm = MI of stiffeners @ centre of web (including web width 16tw on both sides)
4
I2 = 2.8E+10 mm = MI of cross beam in it's plane of bending
b = 1.250 m = Half the distance between c/c of main girders
Iy = 4.0E+08 mm4 = Moment of inertia @ weak axis

G = 7.7E+04 MPa = Modulus of rigidity IRC 24-2010 clause 502.2.2-Page 24
It = Sbt (ti)3 /3 = St. Venant's Torsion constant

= 5.3E+06 mm4
I fc = 5.7E+07 mm4 = MI of Comp. flange @ minor axis
I ft = 3.5E+08 mm4 = MI of Ten. flange @ minor axis
bf = 0.14 = I fc / (I fc + I ft )
hy = 1429.5
Iw = Warping Constant
= (1- b f ) b f I y h y 2 = 1.00E+14 mm4
K = 1 The value of K depends on end restraints

K= 0.5,0.7,1 respectively for complete, partial & no restraint against rotation about weak axis
Kw = 1 (The value of Kw is generally taken as 1 unless special arrangements have been

made to restrain warping at end supports of sections )
yg = Distance between point of application of load and shear centre of cross section. Its positive when load acts
towards shear centre
= (hy /( (1 +(btop + bbot)3 x (ttop_f / tbot_f) )) - ytop (For monosymmetric I sections)
= 1235 mm
yj = -512.36
c1 = 1.132
c2 = 0.459 (Annex-C of IRC-24-2010, Table-C.1)
c3 = 0.525
Page 18 of 66
\ Mcr = 5.2E+09 Nmm

\ lLT = 1.049 Beam is Laterally Unsupported
\ fLT = 1.26
\ cLT = 0.51
fbd = cLTfy/ϒm0
= 149 MPa
Md = 2,735 kN-m
ii) Check for Irreversible Deformation of Girder

To avoid irreversible deformation,
Md = βb x Zp x fy / ϒmo < Me
Md = 5344 kN-m IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.1.2 , Pg 79
Me = 1.2 Ze fy / ϒmo
Me = 7593 kN-m
As Md is less than Me irreversible deformation will not take place
Bending Moment Capacity of Section (Md) = 2735 kN-m
Check for construction stage:

Construction live load considering (50 Kg/m 2) = 1.50 kN/m
for formwork and live loads respectively. Length = 27.5 m
Factored Moment at centre for simply supported girder = 191 kN-m
with construction live load (Load Factor = 1.35)

Factored Moment due Green concrete of Slab = 1,338 kN-m
Factored Moment for Steel + Slab ( Construction Stage) = 1581 kN-m (15% increase for connection)
Factored Moment due to weight of bracing = 60 kN-m
Design Bending Moment (Steel+Slab+LL) = 1,832 kN-m < 2735 kN-m
OK
4.3 Design for Service Stage (Composite Section)
Design of Composite Section for Ultimate Limit State
4.3.1 Design Bending Strength of Composite Section
Effective Width for composite Section IRC 22-2015 clause 603.3-Page 16
16.61
0.5 0.0 0.5
0.00 15.61
2.06 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.06

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Figure 5.2 Cross section of Bridge
Effective width beff of deck slab for Inner girder Effective width beff of deck slab for Outer girder
beff = L0 / 4 <= (B1 + B2)/2 beff = (L0 / 8 <= B/2) + ( X <= B/2)
= 4.63 > 2.50 = 1.250 + 1.25

beff = 2.500 m beff = 2.500 m
Page 19 of 66
i) Moment of Resistance for Composite Section (Inner Girder)

Grade of Concrete for Slab fck = 45 MPa
Grade of Reinforcing steel for Slab fy = 500 MPa
E for concrete Ec ( s ) = 34,000 MPa
E for steel Es = 2,00,000 MPa
2,500
350
250
350
50
16
50
0
861
1,750 16 1,409
1,450
589
25
550
Figure 5.3 Cross section of Inner Composite Section
Bending Moment with full shear Interaction

As per IRC 22-2015, Annexure I.1, the Plastic moment carrying capacity of the section shall be calculated as per the Annexure I.
Notation Af = Area of top flange of steel beam of a composite section = 5,600 mm2
As = Cross sectional area of steel beam of a composite section = 36,502 mm2
(Considering effective web area for plastic section, Refer 5.2.1.2)
beff = Effective width of concrete slab (Considering constant slab depth) = 2,150 mm
Width of Compression flange = 350 mm
Thickness of the compression falnge = 16 mm
As per Table 3, e = 0.85 b/tf = 9.4 x e
= 7.94
bf = Width of top flange of steel section = 350 mm
ds = Overall depth of concrete slab = 300 mm
dc = Vertical Distance between centroids of concrete slab and steel beam
=(250×2,500×(861+50+250/2)+(350×50×(861+50/2))+(50×50×((2/3)×50+861)))/((250×2,500)+(350×50)+(50×50))
= 1,030 mm
tf = Average thickness of top flange of the steel section = 16 mm
tw = thickness of web of the steel section = 16 mm
Xu = Depth of neutral axis at ultimate limit state of flexure from top of concrete
Mu = Ultimate bending moment
ϒm = Material safety factor for structural steel IRC 22-2015, Table 1, page 10 = 1.1
Page 20 of 66
αcc = 0.67

ϒ#
a = Constant = α ϒc = 1.5 =(320/1.1)/(0.67/1.5×1.0×0.8×45)
. η . λ .
ϒ
η= 1.0 = 18
λ= 0.8
Position of Plastic Neutral Axis
Depth of Slab is considered constant , but the width has been modified ds = 300 mm
As per Table I.1 IRC 22 (2015),Pg 70, Plastic Moment capacity for composite section is given as:
Position of Plastic neutral
Case Value of xu Moment Capacity
axis
1 N.A. Within Slab

beff.ds > a.As xu = (a.As)/beff Mp =(Asfy (dc + 0.5ds - 0.4xu))/ϒm
- Refer Fig I.1, Pg 69, IRC-22-2015
2 N.A. in Steel Flange

beff.ds<a.As<(beff.ds+2a.Af) xu = ds +( (aAs - beff.ds)/2bfa) Mp ={ [As (dc + 0.1ds) - bf(xu - ds).(xu + 0.2ds)]}ϒm
3 N.A. in Web
beff.ds + 2a.Af < a.As xu = ds + tf + {a(As - 2Af) - beff.ds} / Mp = fy [ As(dc + 0.1ds) - 2Af(0.5tf + 0.6ds) - tw(xu - ds - tf) .
2atw (xu + 0.2ds + tf)] / ϒm
Hence, depth of the NA is calculated based on the following conditions:

Case 1 Plastic Neutral axis Within Slab
If beff x ds > a x As
6,45,000 < 6,57,431 N/A

Case 2 Plastic Neutral axis in Steel flange
If beff x ds < a x As < beff x ds + 2 a x Af
6,45,000 < 6,57,431 < 8,46,720 OK

Case 3 Plastic Neutral axis in Web
If beff x ds + 2 a x Af < a x As
8,46,720 > 6,57,431 N/A
Based on the above calculations, the depth of the NA & Plastic moment capacity is found out for Case 2
Depth of neutral axis xu = 301 mm
Plastic Moment capacity Mp = 1.12.E+10 N-mm

Mp = 11,224 kN-m
Max design bending moment on the section = 4195 kN-m OK
Page 21 of 66
ii) Moment of Resistance for Composite Section (Outer Girder)

2,500
1,075 350 1,075

250 250
50 350 300 50
16 50
861
1,409
16 1,450
589
25
550
Figure 5.4 Cross section of Outer Composite Section
Moment of resistance of Composite Section (Outer Girder)

Bending Moment with full shear Interaction IRC:22 -2015, Clause 603.3.1-Annexure I, Page 69
As = Cross section area of steel beam of a composite section = 36,502 mm2

beff = Effective width of concrete slab = 2,150 mm
= 7.94
dc = Vertical Distance between centroids of concrete slab and steel beam = 1,030 mm

ϒm = Material safety factor for structural steel = 1.1
αcc = 0.67

a = Constant ϒ# ϒc = 1.50 =(320/1.1)/(0.67/1.50×1.00×0.80×45)
α
ϒ . η . λ . η= 1.00 = 18
λ= 0.80
Page 22 of 66
The depth of the NA is calculated based on the following conditions:

6,45,000 < 6,57,431 N/A

6,45,000 < 6,57,431 < 8,46,720 OK

8,46,720 > 6,57,431 N/A
Plastic Moment capacity Mp = 1.12.E+10 Nmm
= 11,224 kNm
Max design bending moment on the sec. = 5568 kNm OK
4.3.2 Design Shear Strength of Composite Section IRC:22-2015 clause 603.3.3.2 page 19
As vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section due to which
Shear Check is same for outer and inner girder.
Vd = Vn/ϒmo
Where,
Vd = Design Strength
ϒmo = Partial safety factor against shear failure = 1.10
1) Plastic Shear Resistance:

Vn = Vp
AV = Shear Area
= d x tw
= 22544 mm2
Vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section only, Hence as per clause 603.3.3.2 of IRC:22 2015
of area of web only considered.
Hence, Vp = 4165 kN
2) Shear Buckling Resistance:

Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified, when
d/tw > 67 ϵ √(Kv / 5.35)
88.06 > 72.16 OK
Where, Kv = Shear Buckling Coefficient IRC:22-2015 clause 603.3.3.2 page 19
= 7.94 - when transverse stiffeners are provided with c/d >= 1

ϵ = √ (250 / fy)
Page 23 of 66

Vn = Vcr
Where, Vcr = Shear force corresponding to web buckling
= Av x τb
τb = Shear stress corresponding to web buckling
π2
τcr,e = 12 1 μ2 ! 2

= 185 MPa

λw = 3τ ,
= 1.00
When λw <= 0.8 τb = fyw / √3
When 0.8 < λw < 1.2 τb = (( 1 - 0.8 ) ( λw - 0.8 )) ( fyw / √3 )
When λw >= 1.2 τb = fyw /( √3 λw2)
Hence τb = 155.35 MPa
Vcr = 3502176 N
Vn = 3502 kN
Vn = 3502 kN
Design shear strength is obtained by dividing the nominal shear strength by the factor of safety.
Vd = 3,502/1.10
= 3184 kN
Maximum shear force in the critical girder = 1078 kN < 3184 kN

OK
Page 24 of 66
Design of Composite Section for Serviceability Limit State

4.3.3 Stress Check of Composite Section
The normal elastic analysis is used for finding out the design forces and stresses under various load combinations and load factors as
per IRC:6-2017. The section is checked for the stresses and deflection at this limit state as per IRC:22-2015.
2,500
250 350 300

50 350
16
50
0
861
1,750 16
1,409 1,450
589
25
550
Figure 5.5 Cross section of Composite Section
2
Area of concrete slab Inner Girder = 2,500×250+50×50+350×50 = 6,45,000 mm
2
Area of concrete slab Outer Girder = 6,45,000 mm
Calculation of Modular Ratio & Section Properties

For calculating stresses and deflection in the structure, the modular ratio is calculated as mentioned in IRC:22-2015 for different stages
of loading and the final stresses and deflections are worked out separately for each stage of load history with the relevant modular ratio
and the corresponding section modulus and then added together.
Section Properties is calculated for inner and outer girder and presented below and same properties is used for analysis of structure.
From the summary of forces design is carried out for outer girder and inner girder.
Modular ratio for Permanent loads / Long term loads IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
Modular ratio m = Es / ( Kc*Ec )

where, Kc = Creep factor = 0.5
m = 2,00,000/(0.5×34,000)
= 11.8 < 15.0
Hence, modular ratio in design = 15.00
Modular ratio for Transient loads / Short term loads
Modular ratio m = Es / Ec = (2,00,000/34,000) IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
= 5.88 < 7.5

Page 25 of 66
i) Sectional Properties of inner girder at service stage

a) Long Term Loads
The equivalent area of concrete slab is calculated by dividing the effective width of concrete slab by the modular ratio.
Modified effective width of slab = (2500 x 250 + 350 x 50 + (0.5 x50 x 50 x 2 ) )/300
= 2,150
Equivalent width of concrete slab =2,150/15.00 = 143 mm
143
350 300
16
649
16 1,750
1,409 1,450
1,101
25
550
Figure 5.6 Cross section of Composite Section for Permanent Load
Sectional Properties
Dist from
Width Depth Area Ixx Iyy Ibot
bot Ay A y2
Description Ixx + Ay2
B D A y BD3/12 DB3/12
mm mm mm2 mm mm3 mm4 mm4 mm4 mm4

Top flange 350 16 5.60E+03 1,442 8.08E+06 1.16E+10 1.19E+05 5.72E+07 1.2E+10
Web 16 1,409 2.25E+04 730 1.64E+07 1.20E+10 3.73E+09 4.81E+05 1.6E+10
Bottom flange 550 25 1.38E+04 13 1.72E+05 2.15E+06 7.16E+05 3.47E+08 2.9E+06
Slab 143 300 4.30E+04 1,600 6.88E+07 1.10E+11 3.23E+08 7.36E+07 1.1E+11
S 8.49E+04 9.35E+07 4.78E+08 1.4E+11
ytopsl top of concrete slab = 649 mm

ytop top of steel flange = 349 mm
ybot = 1,101 mm
4
IZZ = 3.5E+10 mm
4
Iyy = 4.78E+08 mm
3
Ztopsl top of concrete slab = 5.37E+07 mm
3
Ztop top of steel top flange = 9.98E+07 mm
3
Zbot bot of steel bot flange = 3.16E+07 mm
Page 26 of 66
b) Short Term Loads

= 2,150
287
350 300
16
481
16 1,750
1,409 1,450
1,269
25
550
Figure 5.7 Cross section of Composite Section for Transient Load
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description
B D A y BD3/12 DB3/12 Ixx + Ay2

Web 16 1,409 2.25E+04 730 1.64E+07 1.20E+10 3.73E+09 4.81E+05 1.6E+10
Slab 287 300 8.60E+04 1,600 1.38E+08 2.20E+11 6.45E+08 5.89E+08 2.2E+11
S 1.28E+05 1.62E+08 9.93E+08 2.5E+11

ybot = 1,269 mm
Izz = 4.22E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 9.93E+08 mm
3
3
3
Page 27 of 66
ii) Sectional Properties of outer girder at service stage

a) Long Term Loads
= (2500 x 250 + 2x0.5 x50 x 50+350x50)
= 2,150

143
350 300
16
649
16 1,750
1,409 1,450
1,101
25
550
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description
2 3 4 4 4
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm4
Web 16 1,409 2.25E+04 730 1.64E+07 1.20E+10 3.73E+09 4.81E+05 1.6E+10
Slab 143 300 4.30E+04 1,600 6.88E+07 1.10E+11 3.23E+08 7.36E+07 1.1E+11
S 8.49E+04 9.35E+07 4.78E+08 1.4E+11

ybot = 1,101 mm
IZZ = 3.48E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 4.78E+08 mm
3
3
3
Page 28 of 66
b) Short Term Loads

= (2500 x 250 + 2x0.5 x50 x 50+350x50)
= 2,150
287
350 300
16
481
16 1,750
1,409 1,450
1,269
25
550
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description

Web 16 1,409 2.25E+04 730 1.64E+07 1.20E+10 3.73E+09 4.81E+05 1.6E+10
Slab 287 300 8.60E+04 1,600 1.38E+08 2.20E+11 6.45E+08 5.89E+08 2.2E+11
S 1.28E+05 1.62E+08 9.93E+08 2.5E+11

ytop top of steel flange = 181.0 mm
ybot = 1,269 mm
Izz = 4.22E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 9.93E+08 mm
3
3
3
Page 29 of 66
iii) Analysis for Differential Shrinkage

The differential shrinkage is entirely due to the concrete from the time composite action comes into effect.
Shrinkage Strain of Concrete = 2.00E-04 IRC 6-2017 cl 217.3
Long Term Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = (Kc.Ec) = 17,000.0 MPa

IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
2
Area of concrete Outer Girder = 6,45,000 mm
2
Area of concrete Inner Girder = 6,45,000 mm
Stress Developed Due Shrinkage Strain = 3.400 MPa
Force Due To Shrinkage Strain outer Girder = 2,193 kN
Force Due To Shrinkage Strain inner Girder = 2,193 kN
This force is assumed to act at the CG of concrete slab.
Distance of CG of concrete slab to the CG of composite section (Outer girder). = 499 mm
Bending Moment due to differential shrinkage in outer Girder = 1,094 kN-m
Distance of CG of concrete slab to the CG of composite section (Inner girder). = 499 mm

Bending Moment due to differential shrinkage inner Girder = 1,094 kN-m
Outer Girder Inner Girder

Stress Due to Shrinkage stops sbots stopg sbotg stops sbots stopg sbotg
MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
Tensile stress in top slab -3.40 -3.40 -3.40 -3.40
Bending stresses 1.36 0.73 10.95 -34.60 1.36 0.73 10.95 -34.60
Direct stress due to force 1.72 1.72 25.83 25.83 1.72 1.72 25.83 25.83
Resultant stress -0.32 -0.95 36.79 -8.76 -0.32 -0.95 36.79 -8.76
iv) Analysis for Temperature Gradient

The daily variation of temperature causes the differences in temperature between top and bottom faces of the structure. This change in
the temperature sets up additional stresses in the structure. The temperature gradient is considered as per Figure 10(b) of IRC:6-2017.
Top of slab
o
19.00 C 5.36 oC
0.6h 180.0 180 h1

Deck Slab 250 h o
4.0 C 0 oC
70.0 3.46 oC h 0 oC
Bot of slab 50 50.0 o
3.08 C 0 oC
Steel flange 16.0 2.95 oC 0.3 oC
h2 400 384.0 400 h2
o o
0.0 C 8.0 C 1,050
Temperature Rise Temperature Fall
h = 300 mm = Depth of Slab

h1 = 0.6 h
h2 = 0.4 mt
Long Term Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 34,000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of steel = 2,00,000 MPa
o
Coefficient of thermal Expansion for concrete & steel = 1.20E-05 / C
IRC6:2010, Clause 215.4 Page 42
Page 30 of 66
Temperature Rise Case
Total CG of
Dist. of Stress due Moment
Temp at Width of force force
Section Fiber No fiber from to temp Force about top
fiber Fiber between from top
the top gradient of slab
fibers of slab
(E x a x T F=(Fi+Fi+1)/
(d) (T) (W) ( E x ax
a T ) (y) (F x Y)
x W) 2x(di+1-di)
o
mm c mm MPa kN/mm kN m kNm
1 0 19.00 2500 7.752 19.38
2 180 4.00 2500 1.632 4.08 2,111 0.070 149
Slab
3 250 3.46 2500 1.412 3.53 266 0.214 57
4 300 3.08 350 1.255 0.44 99 0.269 27
5 300 3.08 350 7.385 2.58 0 0.300 0
6 316 2.95 350 7.089 2.48 41 0.308 12
I girder
7 316 2.95 16 7.089 0.11 0 0.316 0
8 700 0.00 16 0.000 0.00 22 0.444 10
2,539 255
Total Force = 2,539 kN

CG of total force from top of slab = 0.100 m
CG of composite section from top of concrete slab = 0.481 m
Moment Due to temperature Rise =2,539×(0.100-0.48) = -967 kN-m
stops sbots stopg sbotg

MPa MPa MPa MPa
Tensile stress in top slab 7.75 1.26 7.38 0.00
Bending stresses -0.73 -0.28 -4.14 29.05
Direct stress due to force -1.32 -1.32 -19.86 -19.86
Resultant stress 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20
Temperature Fall Case
Total CG of
Dist. of Stress due Moment
Temp at Width of force force
Section Fiber No fiber from to temp Force about top
fiber Fiber between from top
the top gradient of slab
fibers of slab
(d) (T) (W) ( E x ax
a T ) (y) (F x Y)
x W) 2x(di+1-di)
o
1 0.00 5.36 2500 2.187 5.47
2 180.00 0.00 2500 0.000 0.00 492 0.060 30
Slab
3 250.00 0.00 2500 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
4 300.00 0.00 350 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
5 300.00 0.00 350 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
6 316.00 0.32 350 0.768 0.27 2 0.305 1
7 316.00 0.32 16 0.768 0.01 0 0.316 0
I girder 8 700.00 8.00 16 19.200 0.31 61 0.449 28
9 1,725.00 8.00 16 19.200 0.31 315 1.213 382
10 1,725.00 8.00 550 19.200 10.56 0 1.725 0
11 1,750.00 8.00 550 19.200 10.56 264 1.738 459
1,134 898
Page 31 of 66

Moment Due to temperature fall =1,134×(0.792-0.48) = 353 kN-m

MPa MPa MPa MPa
Tensile stress in top slab -2.19 0.00 0.00 -19.20
Bending stresses 0.44 0.24 3.53 -11.15
Direct stress due to force 0.89 0.89 13.36 13.36
Resultant stress -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99
v) Check for Stresses in the Member
The stresses in the member at the critical section i.e. midspan are checked for rare combination as per IRC:6-2017. The final stresses
in the member are calculated separately for each loading stage of load history with relevant section properties and then added together.
A Izz Ztopsl Ztop Zbot

Sl. No. Section
mm2 mm4 mm3 mm3 mm3
1 Outer Permanent / long term Loads 8.5E+04 3.5E+10 5.4E+07 1.0E+08 3.16E+07
2 Girder Transient / short term Loads 1.3E+05 4.2E+10 8.8E+07 2.3E+08 3.33E+07
3 Inner Permanent / long term Loads 8.5E+04 3.5E+10 5.4E+07 1.0E+08 3.16E+07
Bending Moments in Girders for Rare Combinations

Bending Moments
Sl. No. Loading G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
1 Dead Load (girder + slab) 1,119 1,082 1,005 1,005 1,082 1,119
2 SIDL 400 116 48 48 116 400
3 Surfacing 229 227 215 215 227 229
4 Vehicular Live Load 2,122 1,498 1,202 1,202 1,498 2,122
5 Vehicular Live Load(SV) 449 3,005 4,369 3,363 1,230 362
6 Footpath Live Load 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stresses in Composite Section for Rare Combination & Quasi permanent case:
Load Combination is as per IRC-6: 2017, Table 3.3 Page 78
Girder G1 Girder G2
Sl. No. Loading stops sbots stopg sbotg stops sbots stopg sbotg
1 Dead Load (girder + slab) 1.39 0.75 75.09 -51.43 1.34 0.72 72.63 -49.75
2 SIDL 0.50 0.27 4.00 -12.64 0.14 0.08 1.17 -3.68
3 Surfacing 0.28 0.15 2.30 -7.25 0.28 0.15 2.27 -7.17
4 Differential Shrinkage -0.32 -0.95 36.79 -8.76 -0.32 -0.95 36.79 -8.76
5 Thermal Loads Rise 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20
6 Thermal Loads Fall -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99 -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99
7 Vehicular Live Load 3.22 1.21 9.09 -63.75 2.27 0.86 6.42 -45.00
8 Vehicular Live Load(SV) 0.68 0.26 1.92 -13.49 4.56 1.72 12.88 -90.29
9 Footpath Live Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Comb 1 Live load as leading load 8.55 1.26 117.76 -139.76 7.20 0.68 109.76 -110.29
Comb 2 Thermal load as leading load 10.02 0.81 108.84 -120.15 8.91 0.33 101.51 -95.36
Comb 4 SV Comb Without thermal 2.59 0.51 120.56 -95.03 6.07 1.75 126.19 -161.09
Page 32 of 66
Girder G3 Girder G4
2 SIDL 0.06 0.03 0.48 -1.52 0.06 0.03 0.48 -1.52
3 Surfacing 0.27 0.14 2.15 -6.79 0.27 0.14 2.15 -6.79
5 Thermal Loads Rise
Rise 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20
6 Thermal Loads Fall
Fall -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99 -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99
Girder G5 Girder G6
1 Dead Load (girder + slab) 1.34 0.72 72.63 49.75 1.39 0.75 75.12 51.45
2 SIDL 0.14 0.08 1.16 3.67 0.50 0.27 4.01 12.65
3 Surfacing 0.28 0.15 2.27 7.17 0.28 0.15 2.30 7.25
5 Thermal Loads Rise
Rise 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20 5.69 -0.34 -16.62 9.20
6 Thermal Loads Fall
Fall -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99 -0.86 1.13 16.89 -16.99
7 Vehicular Live Load 2.27 0.86 6.42 45.00 3.22 1.21 9.09 63.75
8 Vehicular Live Load(SV) 1.87 0.70 5.27 36.96 0.55 0.21 1.55 10.88
Comb 1 Live load as leading load 7.20 0.68 109.76 103.78 8.55 1.26 117.79 133.30
Comb 2 Thermal load as leading load 8.91 0.33 101.51 96.21 10.02 0.82 108.87 121.04
Comb 4 SV Comb Without thermal 3.37 0.74 118.58 90.22 2.46 0.46 120.22 74.91
Note: Comb 1 live load is considered as leading load, the factor for thermal load is 0.6
Comb 2: Thermal is considered as leading load, the factor for live load is 0.75 (Temperature Rise)
Comb 3: Thermal is considered as leading load, the factor for live load is 0.75 (Temperature Fall)
stops Stress at slab top

sbots Stress at slab bottom
stopg Stress at girder top
sbotg Stress at girder bottom
Permissible bending stress in concrete - Rare combination = 21.60 MPa

Permissible bending stress in concrete - Quasi permanent combination = 16.20 MPa
Design tensile strength of bottom flange Tdn = () = 4,000 KN IRC24:2010, Clause 506.1.1 Pg 40
ϒ#0
Maximum bending stress in concrete - Rare combination = 10.02 MPa OK

Maximum bending stress in concrete - Quasi permanent combination = 4.70 MPa OK
Maximum elastic stress in bottom flange = 195.90 MPa OK
Maximum tensile force in bottom flange (At Max. BM location) = 2,694 KN OK
Page 33 of 66
Design of 30m steel composite superstructure for spans RP001
Design of 30m Span Steel Composite Girder

1 Design of Plate Girder (Mid Portion)
1.1 Structural configuration
Overall span (Exp joint -Exp joint) (Skew) = 30.00 m

Overall span (Exp joint -Exp joint) (Square) = 30.00 m
Skew Angle θ = 0.00 °
Dist. between C/L of EJ to C/L of Bearing (SK) = 0.750 m
Dist. between C/L of EJ to C/L of Bearing (SQ) = 0.750 m
Effective span (SK) = 28.500 m
Effective span (SQ) = 28.500 m
Number of intermediate X-Bracings = 6 No's
Spacing between intermediate X-Bracings (SK) = 5.00 m
Spacing between intermediate X-Bracings (SQ) = 5.00 m
Spacing of girder in transverse direction (SK) = 2.500 m
Spacing of girder in transverse direction (SQ) = 2.500 m
Number of main girders = 6 No's
Total width of deck slab (SQ) = 16.610 m
Total width of deck slab (SK) = 16.610 m
Width of crash barrier = 0.5 m
Carriageway width = 15.61 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid location = 250 mm
Thickness of deck slab over the girder = 300 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 65 mm
Material properties
Grade of Steel used for girders = E350 From Table 2 of IS 2062-2011
Ultimate tensile stress of steel = 490 Mpa
Yield strength of steel used for girders = 350 Mpa For Plate Sizes <20mm
= 330 Mpa For Plate Sizes 20 to 40mm
= 320 Mpa For Plate Sizes > 40mm
Yield strength of connector material (Studs) = 385 Mpa From Table 8 of IRC 22 : 2015
Young's modulus of steel = 200000 Mpa
Concrete grade for deck slab = M 45
Young's modulus of concrete = 34000 Mpa From Table 6.5 of IRC 112 : 2011
o
Thermal expansion Coefficient = 0.0000120 / C From Cl:215.4 of IRC 6-2017
Shrinkage Coefficient = 0.0002 From Cl:217.3 of IRC 6-2017
Poisson's ratio = 0.30
3
Density of steel = 78.50 kN/m
Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Density of wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
16610
Page 34 of 66
Page 35 of 66
1.2 Calculation of sectional properties of plate girder
1.2.1 Sectional properties of steel section
450
Section classification for assumed section
20 (From Table 2 of IRC 24-2010)
217.0 217.0 Yield stress ratio Є = (250/fy)^.5
Є for Top flange = 0.87
964
Є for Web = 0.85

Є for Bottom flange = 0.87
Class of Section
1602
1650
Class1 Class2 Class3 Semi
Ratio
Plastic Compact compact
16 b/tf 7.31 8.18 11.84
686
d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49
Top flange b/tf = 10.85 Semicompact Section

317.0 317.0 Web d/tw = 100.1 Semicompact Section
28 Bottom flange b/bf = 11.32 Semicompact Section
650
B D y in Area-A Izz = I self + A (
Description Ay A ( yb - y )2 "I" Self Iyy
mm mm mm mm2 yb - y )
2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 450 20 1640 9000 1.48E+07 8.18E+09 3.00E+05 8.18E+09 1.52E+08
Web 16 1602 829 25632 2.12E+07 5.21E+08 5.48E+09 6.00E+09 5.47E+05
52832 3.63E+07 1.69E+10 2.24E+10 7.93E+08
36263728
Y from bottom = = 686.40 mm
52832.00
Y from top = 1650.00 - 686.40 = 963.60 mm
Izz = 22417341251 mm4
Iyy = 793213483 mm4
Z top = 23264157 mm3
Z bot = 32659297 mm3

1.2.2 Sectional properties of composite section
Concrete grade = M 45 Mpa
E for concrete Ec = 34000 Mpa
E for steel Es = 200000 Mpa

Cl. 604.3 of IRC : 22 - 2015
Modular ratio for Permanent loads = Es / ( Kc*Ec) where, Kc = Creep factor
= 0.50
= 200000.00 / ( 0.50 x 34000.00 ) = 11.76
For permanent loading modular ratio (m) should be ≥ 15 \ m = 15.00
Modular ratio for Transient (short term) loads = Es / Ec = 200000.00 / 34000.00 = 5.88
For transient loading modular ratio (m) should be ≥ 7.5 \ m = 7.50
Page 36 of 66
2500
975 50 450 50 975
250
300
450
50
20
763
1950
1602
1650
1187
16
x 28 x
650
For inner girder portion

For end girder portion
CG of slab = 625000.0 x 125.0 + 22500.0 x 275.0 + 2500.0 x 266.7

(from top) 650000
CG of slab = 130.74 mm
= 144 mm - For Permanent loads ( SIDL )
= 289 mm - For Transient loads ( Live Load )
1.2.2.1 Composite section for permanent loads

144
RCC slab
300
763
20
1950
450
1650
1602
16
1187
28
650
Page 37 of 66
B in D in y in Area-A in Izz = I self + A (

Description 2 Ay A ( yb - y )2 "I" Self Iyy in mm
4
mm mm mm mm yb - y )2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 450 20 1640 9000 1.48E+07 1.85E+09 300000 1.85E+09 1.52E+08
Web 16 1602 829 25632 2.12E+07 3.29E+09 5.48E+09 8.77E+09 5.47E+05
CONCRETE SECTION for Permanent loads
Slab 144 300 1800 43200 7.78E+07 1.62E+10 3.24E+08 1.66E+10 7.46E+07
96032 1.14E+08 4.64E+10 5.81E+09 5.22E+10 8.68E+08
For Permanent loads
Y from bottom = 114023728 = 1187.00 mm
96032
Y from top = 1950.00 - 1187.00 = 763.00 mm
= 4
I zz 52214437259 mm
Z top = 112774163 mm3
Z bot = 43988574 mm3
Z top of slab = 68433076 mm3
1.2.2.2 Composite section for transient loads

289
300
RCC slab
20
450
1950
1650
16
1602
x 28 x
650
B in D in y in Izz = I self
Description Area-A mm2 Ay A ( yb - y )^2 "I" Self Iyy
mm mm mm + A ( yb - y )^2
"I" SECTION
Top flange 450 20 1640 9000 1.48E+07 6.16E+08 3.00E+05 6.17E+08 1.52E+08
Web 16 1602 829 25632 2.12E+07 7.73E+09 5.48E+09 1.32E+10 5.47E+05
CONCRETE SECTION for Transient loads
Slab 289 300 1800 86700 1.56E+08 1.54E+10 6.50E+08 1.61E+10 6.03E+08
139532 1.92E+08 5.76E+10 6.13E+09 6.38E+10 1.40E+09
Page 38 of 66
For Transient loads

Y from bottom = 192323728 = 1378.30 mm
139532
Y from top = 1950 - 1378.30 = 571.70 mm
I zz = 63777777821 mm4
4
I yy = 1396652707.67 mm
3
Z top = 234736024.37 mm
3
Z bot = 46272783.73 mm
3
Z top of slab = 111558121.08 mm
1.3 Sectional Properties of Diaphragm Section

500
25 Section classification for assumed section

241 241 (From Table 2 of IRC 24-2010)
Yield stress ratio e = (250/fy)^.5
900
e for Top flange = 0.87

e for Web = 0.85
1750
e for Bottom flange = 0.87

1800
Class of Section
Class1 Class2 Class3
Ratio
18 Plastic Compact Semicompact
b/tf 7.31 8.18 11.84
900
d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49
241 241 Top flange b/tf = 9.64 Semicompact Section

25 Web d/tw = 97 Semicompact Section
Bottom flange b/bf = 9.64 Semicompact Section
500
B in D in y in Area-A Izz = I self +
Description 2 Ay A ( yb - y )2 "I" Self 2 Iyy in mm4
mm mm mm mm A ( yb - y )
"I" SECTION
Top flange 500 25 1788 12500.0 2.23E+07 9.85E+09 6.51E+05 9.85E+09 2.60E+08
Web 18 1750 900 31500.0 2.84E+07 0.00E+00 8.04E+09 8.04E+09 8.51E+05
Bottom flange 500 25 13 12500.0 1.56E+05 9.85E+09 6.51E+05 9.85E+09 2.60E+08
56500.0 5.09E+07 1.97E+10 2.83E+10 5.22E+08
50850000
Y from bottom = = 900 mm
56500
Y from top = 1800 - 900 = 900 mm
Izz = 28253454667 mm4
Iyy = 521683833 mm4
Z top = 31392727 mm3
Z bot = 31392727 mm3
Page 39 of 66
1.4 Load calculation for analysis

Dead load
Self weight of girder
Cross sectional area of the girder = 0.0528 m2
= 0.05283 x 78.50
= 4.20 kN / m
Self weight of diaphragm

Cross sectional area of the diaphragm = 0.0565 m2
= 0.0565 x 78.50
= 4.44 kN / m
Dead load of deck slab
For inner girder

For end girder

Superimposed Dead load

Area of crash barrier = 0.322 m2
Thickness wearing coat = 0.065 m
Due to crash barrier
Load per metre run = 0.322 x 25 = 8.05 kN/m
Due to wearing coat

For inner girder
For end girder

1.5 Deflection
Actual deflection due to CL A & 70R vehicles = 26.00 mm
= 23.68 mm
Live load Deflection limit (L/800 ) = 35.63 mm
SAFE
Actual deflection due to dead load = 36.9 mm
Dead load + LL Deflection limit (L/600) = 47.5 mm
Total Deflection due to DL and LL = 54.8 mm
Provide Precamber
Hence a precamber of 30 mm is provided
Page 40 of 66
1.6 Summary of forces and moments from Global Model report
1.6.1 Unfactored Shear forces and Bending moments (From Midas)
2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
16610
For main girders G1 to G6 (Mid Portion)
Impact factor for steel girder with class A loading = 9 / ( 13.5 + L )

= 0.21
So, Impact percentage for 28.50 m = 21.4% , factor = 121.43% From Cl:208.2 of IRC 6-2017
Impact percentage for 70R wheeled vehicle = 25.0% upto 23 m span

= 15.4% beyond 45 m span
Impact percentage for 28.50 m = 21.4% , factor = 121.43%
Impact percentage for 70R Tracked = 10.0% , factor = 110.00%
Congestion factor for steel girder = 1.15 From Cl.204.4(Table &) of IRC 6-2017
Page 41 of 66
Staad Results for 29m span-For maximum BM and SF (mid Portion) Ref. Appendix 1

DL Shear force steel girder at support in kN 65 88 70 70 88 65

DL Shear force of slab at support in kN 263 308 241 241 308 263
SIDL BM due to wearing coat - in kNm 427 427 422 410 410 422 427
SIDL SF due to wearing coat at support -in kN 53 65 52 52 65 53
SIDL BM due to crash barrier - in kNm 746 746 355 173 173 355 746
SIDL SF due to crash barrier at support -in kN 101 37 27 27 37 101
Total SIDL BM - in kNm 1173 1173 777 583 583 777 1173
Total SIDL SF - in kN 154 154 102 79 79 102 154
Footpath Live Load BM - in kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0
Footpath Live Load SF at support - in kN 0 0 0 0 0 0
Live Load Bending moments in kNm

Bending moment due to LL with impact 3309 3308 2282 1773 1773 2282 3309
Bending moment due to LL with impact and cong fact 3805 3804 2624 2039 2039 2624 3805
0 Load governing in LL BM 3309 3308 2282 1773 1773 2282 3309

0 3805 3804 2624 2039 2039 2624 3805
Page 42 of 66

Live Load Shear forces in kN
Shear force due to LL with impact 454 437 444 270 273 454 449
Shear force due to LL with Impact and congestion factor 522 503 511 310 314 522 516
LL SF - Special Vehicle loading 394 26 214 394 249 90 31
LL SF - Fatigue Vehicle 168 70 10 3 4 1

181 75 11 3 4 1
0 Load governing in LL SF 454 437 444 270 273 454 449
0 522 503 511 310 314 522 516
Total bending moment in kNm 7,132 5,638 4,842 4,842 5,638 7,133
Total shear force in kN 919 942 659 663 952 931
Page 43 of 66
1.6.2 Summary of factored Shear forces and Bending moments
From Table-3.2 of IRC 6:2017 partial safety factors- for DL-1.35 , for SIDL - WC = 1.75 CB = 1.35 & for LL- 1.5
Load
factor
DL Shear force steel girder at support in kN 1.35 119 88 118 94 95 119 88

DL Shear force of slab at support in kN 1.35 416 355 416 325 325 416 355
SIDL BM due to wearing coat - in kNm 747 739 718 718 739 747
SIDL SF due to wearing coat at support -in kN 1.75 93 114 91 91 114 93
SIDL BM due to crash barrier - in kNm 1007 479 234 234 479 1007
SIDL SF due to crash barrier at support -in kN 1.35 136 50 36 36 50 136
Total Factored SIDL BM - in kNm 1754 1754 1218 951 951 1218 1754
Total Factored SIDL SF - in kN 229 229 164 127 127 164 229
Bending Moment due to Live load 0 4369 4962 3422 2659 2659 3422 4963
1.5
0 is the governing case)
Shear Force due to live Load - 0 522 656 667 404 410 681 673
1.5
Bending Moment due to Live load 0 5706 3936 3058 3058 3936 5708
Shear Force due to live Load 0 1.5 754 767 465 471 783 774
Total bending moment in kNm 10297 10295 8122 6966 6966 8122 10297
Total shear force in kN 1380 1328 1365 951 957 1380 1345
From the above table it is observed that Girder G6 is subjected to maximum bending moment and Girder G5 is subjected to
maximum shear force.
Hence Girder G6 is designed for maximum bending moment & maximum shear force (Girder G5) and the same section is
adopted for all the girders
Page 44 of 66
Forces considered for the design of Girder G6

Factored Un Factored
Description
BM (kNm) SF (kN) BM (kNm)
Steel girder 736 119 545
Deck slab 2843 416 2106
SIDL 1754 164 1173
Bending moment due to live load on Girder G6 (0) 4963 681 3309
Maximum LL BM (0) 5708 783 3805
Page 45 of 66
1.8 Sectional Properties and Standard Requirements
1.8.1 Characteristic Stresses and Material Constants

Structural Steel Grade = E350
Max Tensile stress = Fe490 IS 800-2007 Table I Page 14/ IS2062
Table 2 Page 4
Yield stress of steel used for girders > 40 = 320 MPa
< 20 = 350 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity for Steel E = 2.0E+05 MPa
Unit Mass of Steel ρ = 7,850 kg/m3
IRC 22-2015 Page 25, Annex-III / IRC
Poisson's Ratio μ = 0.3 24-2010 Page 24
Modulus of Rigidity G = 7.7E+04 MPa
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion αt = 1.20E-05 /oC
Concrete grade for deck slab = M45 MPa
Steel Reinforcement grade = Fe500 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec = 34,000 MPa IRC 22-2015 Table III.1 of Annex-III
Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3
Creep Factor for long term loads Kc = 0.5 IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
Permissible Stresses in Reinforcing Steel

Permissible elastic stress in reinforcing steel 0.8*fy = 256 MPa IRC 22-2015 Clause 604.3.1 Pg 23
Permissible Stresses in Concrete

Permissible bending stress in concrete (Rare) 0.48*fck = 21.60 MPa IRC 22-2015 Clause 604.3.1 Pg 23
Permissible bending stress in concrete (quasi) 0.36*fck = 16.20 MPa
1.8.1.1 Elastic Sectional Property Y
450
20
964
16
1,602 1,650
Z Z
686
28
Y
650
Figure 5.1 Cross section of Steel Girder
Page 46 of 66
Izz = Iself
Yb ∑ "I" Self @ "I" self
B D Area (A) y Ay A(Yb - y)2 + A(Yb-
Description (A x y) / ∑ A z- z @ y- y
y)2
mm mm mm2 mm mm3 mm mm4 mm4 mm4
Top flange 450 20 9,000 1,640 1.48E+07 686.40 8.18E+09 3.00E+05 1.5E+08 8.2E+09
Web 16 1,602 25,632 829 2.12E+07 686.40 5.21E+08 5.48E+09 5.5E+05 6.0E+09
Bottom flange 650 28 18,200 14 2.55E+05 686.40 8.23E+09 1.19E+06 6.4E+08 8.2E+09
52,832 3,62,63,728 1.69E+10 7.9E+08 2.2E+10
Where,
y= C. G. of individual plate from bottom of girder
Yb = N. A. of section from bottom of girder
Izz = Moment of Inertial about z - z
Iyy = Moment of Inertial about y - y
As section is unsymmetrical about z-z axis, the moment of inertial is calculated based on parallel axis theorem
4
Izz = 2.2E+10 mm
and symmetric about y - y axis, hence the addition of Iself about y-y axis itself as a Iyy of section
Iyy = 7.93E+08 mm4
Elastic Section Modulus of section (Ze)

3
Z top =22,41,73,41,251/(964) = 2.33E+07 mm
3
Z bot =22,41,73,41,251/686.40 = 3.27E+07 mm
1.8.1.2 Plastic Section Modulus of section (Zp)

The plastic section modulus is calculated as per clause 603.1.3 of IRC:22-2015.
ε =SQRT(250/320) = 0.88
20 ε tw =20xSQRT(250/320)x16 = 282.84 mm
450
20
A1 282.84
1032.00
A2
1,650 282.84
A3 16 618.00
28
650
Zp = A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 + A3 x y3
2
A1 = 13525.48 mm =(450x20+282.84x16)
C1 = 60.7 mm =((((450x20)x(20/2))+((282.84x16)x(20+282.84/2)))/13525.48)
y1 = 971.33 mm =1031.99-60.66
2
A2 = 4525.483 mm =(282.84x16)
y2 = 141.4 mm =(282.84/2)
Page 47 of 66
2
A3 = 27640.07 mm =((650x28)+((618-28)x16))
C3 = 119.535 mm =((((650x28)x(28/2))+(((618-28)x16)x(618-28)/2+28))/27640.07)
y3 = 498.47 mm =618-119.54
For Plastic Section modulus, A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 = A3 x y3
3
A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 = 1.4E+07 mm
3
A3 x y3 = 1.4E+07 mm
3
Zp = 2.8E+07 mm
Sectional Requirement for Steel Girder

fy= Yield Stress of Steel Used = 320 MPa
e =SQRT(250/e) = 0.88 Top Flange & Bottom flange
e =SQRT(250/e) = 0.85 Web
Minimum width to thickness ratio for Compression Flange IRC 24-2010 clause 503.7.2 Table 2 -Page 33
Compression
Element
8.4e = 7.42 9.4e = 8.31 13.6e = 12.02
Outstand element of
b/tf Actual = 10.85 Actual = 10.85 Actual = 10.85
compression flange
- - Semi Compact
Minimum depth to thickness ratio for Web IRC 24-2010 clause 503.7.2 Table 2 -Page 33
Compression
Element
84e = 70.99 105e = 88.74 126e = 106.49
Web of an I-
d/tw Actual = 100.13 Actual = 100.13 Actual = 100.13
section
- - Semi Compact
Overall Section is " Compact"
As per IRC 22:2015 - Amendments NO 1/ July'17
Minimum Web thickness IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1-Page 97
The thickness of web in a section shall satisfy the following requirement

1 Serviceability requirement
2 Compression flange buckling requirement
1 Serviceability requirement IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1.1 -Page 97

ϵ = SQRT(250/fyw) = 0.884
d/tw <= 200e
100.13 <= 176.8 N/A
b) When only Transverse Stiffeners are provided

Spacing of transverse stiffeners c = 1750 mm
Depth of web d = 1602 mm
Page 48 of 66
i) When 3d >= c >= d 4806.00 >= 1750 >= 1602 OK
ii) When 0.74d <= c < d 1185.48 <= 1750 >= 1602 N/A
iii) When c < 0.74d 1750 >= 1185 N/A
iv) When c > 3d 1750 < 4806 Stiffened
Considering Case I d/tw <= 200e

100.1 <= 176.78 OK
As web thickness satisfies serviceability requirement, provide only transverse stiffeners.
2 Compression flange buckling requirement IRC 24-2010 clause 509.6.1.2 -Page 99

ϵ = SQRT(250/fyf) = 0.88
d/tw <= 345 ϵf2
100.13 <= 269.53 N/A

b) When Transverse Stiffeners are provided
i) When c >= 1.5 d 1750 < 2403 N/A
ii) When c < 1.5d 1750 < 2403 OK
Considering Case ii) d/tw <= 345 ϵf
100.13 <= 304.94 OK

As web thickness satisfies compression flange buckling requirement, provide only transverse stiffeners.
4.0 Check for Sectional Adequacy

Design for Construction stage of Girder
4.1 Design Shear Strength of Steel Girder (Vd) IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4-Page 90
Vd = Vn/ϒmo
Where,
Vd = Design Shear Strength
ϒmo = Partial safety factor against shear failure = 1.10 IRC 24-2010 clause 503.4-Page 30
The vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section.
i) Plastic Shear Resistance:

Vn = Vp
AV = Shear Area IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4.1.1-Page 91
= d x tw (Considering Major Axis Bending for Welded Sections)

= 25632 mm2
Hence, Vp = 4735565 N
= 4736 kN
ii) Shear Buckling Resistance:

Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified in the following manner:
1) For stiffened webs d/tw > 67 ϵ √(Kv / 5.35)
100.13 > 75.53 OK
Page 49 of 66
Where, Kv = Shear Buckling Coefficient IRC 24-2010 clause 509.4.2.2-Page 92
= 5.35 4.0/ ⁄ = 8.70 when transverse stiffeners are provided with c/d >= 1
ε = 250


Vn = Vcr
Where,
Vcr = Shear force corresponding to web buckling
= Av x τb
tb = Shear stress corresponding to web buckling

When λw <= 0.8 τb = fyw / √3
When 0.8 < λw < 1.2 τb = ( 1 - 0.8 ( λw - 0.8 )) ( fyw / √3 )
When λw >= 1.2 τb = fyw /( √3 λw2)
π2
τcr,e = (Elastic Critical Shear Stress)
12 1 μ2 ! 2

= 157 MPa
(Non-dimensional Web slenderness ratio)

λw =
3τ ,
= 1.09
Hence tb = 142.61 MPa
Vcr = 3655445 N
Vn = 3655 kN

Vn = 3655 kN
Design shear strength

Vd = 3,655/1.10
Vd = 3323 kN
4.2 Design Bending Strength of Steel section
i) For Laterally Un-Supported Beam

The design bending strength of the steel girder is calculated as follows, when Vn < 0.6Vd.
IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.2-Page 80
Md = b b Z p f bd
Where,
f bd = χLT f y / gmo
ϒmo = 1.10 = Partial safety factor
cLT = 1/(fLT + (fLT2 - lLT2)1/2) <1.0
Page 50 of 66
fLT = 0.5*[1 + aLT(lLT - 0.2) + lLT2]

aLT = 0.49 For welded section IRC 24-2010 clause 509.3.5-Page 89
lLT = slenderness ratio = (b b Zp fy / Mcr)1/2 < (1.2 Ze fy / Mcr)1/2

bb = 1.000 (1 for plastic or compact section and Ze / Zp for Semi compact section)
 2 EI y  
0.5
 K  I w 
2
Mcr
GI ( L ) 2 
 c1 
2  

  t 2 LT  (c2 y g  c3 y j ) 2   (c2 y g  c3 y j ) -(Annex-C of IRC-24-2010, pg.177)
( LLT )  K w  I y  EI y  
 
E = 2.0E+05 MPa = Modulus of elasticity of material

LLT = 2.5 x 4EIfc ad) = eff. length for lateral torsion restraint IRC 24-2010 clause 509.3.5-Page 89
= 5000 mm
a = 5000 mm = Distance between intermediate cross frames
d = [d13 / 3EI1] + [(d22)b / EI2]
= 1.09E-07 mm
d1 = -85.0 mm = Dist. from CG of comp flange to top of cross beam
d2 = 815.0 mm = Dist. from CG of comp flange to NA of cross beam
4
I1 = 2.7E+07 mm = MI of stiffeners @ centre of web (including web width 16tw on both sides)
4
I2 = 2.8E+10 mm = MI of cross beam in it's plane of bending
b = 1.250 m = Half the distance between c/c of main girders
Iy = 7.9E+08 mm4 = Moment of inertia @ weak axis

G = 7.7E+04 MPa = Modulus of rigidity IRC 24-2010 clause 502.2.2-Page 24
It = Sbt (ti)3 /3 = St. Venant's Torsion constant

= 8.1E+06 mm4
I fc = 1.5E+08 mm4 = MI of Comp. flange @ minor axis
I ft = 6.4E+08 mm4 = MI of Ten. flange @ minor axis
bf = 0.19 = I fc / (I fc + I ft )
hy = 1626.0
Iw = Warping Constant
= (1- b f ) b f I y h y 2 = 3.25E+14 mm4
K = 1 The value of K depends on end restraints

K= 0.5,0.7,1 respectively for complete, partial & no restraint against rotation about weak axis
Kw = 1 (The value of Kw is generally taken as 1 unless special arrangements have been

made to restrain warping at end supports of sections )
yg = Distance between point of application of load and shear centre of cross section. Its positive when load acts
towards shear centre
= (hy /( (1 +(btop + bbot)3 x (ttop_f / tbot_f) )) - ytop (For monosymmetric I sections)
= 1324 mm
yj = -501.46
c1 = 1.132
c2 = 0.459 (Annex-C of IRC-24-2010, Table-C.1)
c3 = 0.525
Page 51 of 66
\ Mcr = 1.5E+10 Nmm

\ lLT = 0.762 Beam is Laterally Unsupported
\ fLT = 0.93
\ cLT = 0.69
fbd = cLTfy/ϒm0
= 200 MPa
Md = 5,501 kN-m
ii) Check for Irreversible Deformation of Girder

To avoid irreversible deformation,
Md = βb x Zp x fy / ϒmo < Me
Md = 8016 kN-m IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.1.2 , Pg 79
Me = 1.2 Ze fy / ϒmo
Me = 11401 kN-m
As Md is less than Me irreversible deformation will not take place
Bending Moment Capacity of Section (Md) = 5501 kN-m
Check for construction stage:

Construction live load considering (50 Kg/m 2) = 1.50 kN/m
for formwork and live loads respectively. Length = 27.5 m
Factored Moment at centre for simply supported girder = 191 kN-m
with construction live load (Load Factor = 1.35)

Factored Moment due Green concrete of Slab = 2,957 kN-m
Factored Moment for Steel + Slab ( Construction Stage) = 3722 kN-m (15% increase for connection)
Factored Moment due to weight of bracing = 60 kN-m
Design Bending Moment (Steel+Slab+LL) = 3,974 kN-m < 5501 kN-m
OK
4.3 Design for Service Stage (Composite Section)
Design of Composite Section for Ultimate Limit State
4.3.1 Design Bending Strength of Composite Section
Effective Width for composite Section IRC 22-2015 clause 603.3-Page 16
16.61
0.5 0.0 0.5
0.00 15.61
2.06 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.06

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Figure 5.2 Cross section of Bridge
Effective width beff of deck slab for Inner girder Effective width beff of deck slab for Outer girder
beff = L0 / 4 <= (B1 + B2)/2 beff = (L0 / 8 <= B/2) + ( X <= B/2)
= 7.13 > 2.50 = 1.250 + 1.25

beff = 2.500 m beff = 2.500 m
Page 52 of 66
i) Moment of Resistance for Composite Section (Inner Girder)

Grade of Concrete for Slab fck = 45 MPa
Grade of Reinforcing steel for Slab fy = 500 MPa
E for concrete Ec ( s ) = 34,000 MPa
E for steel Es = 2,00,000 MPa
2,500
450
250
450
50
20
50
0
964
1,950 16 1,602
1,650
686
28
650
Figure 5.3 Cross section of Inner Composite Section
Bending Moment with full shear Interaction

As per IRC 22-2015, Annexure I.1, the Plastic moment carrying capacity of the section shall be calculated as per the Annexure I.
As = Cross sectional area of steel beam of a composite section = 45,691 mm2
beff = Effective width of concrete slab (Considering constant slab depth) = 2,167 mm
= 8.31
dc = Vertical Distance between centroids of concrete slab and steel beam
=(250×2,500×(964+50+250/2)+(450×50×(964+50/2))+(50×50×((2/3)×50+964)))/((250×2,500)+(450×50)+(50×50))
= 1,132 mm
ϒm = Material safety factor for structural steel IRC 22-2015, Table 1, page 10 = 1.1
Page 53 of 66
αcc = 0.67

ϒ#
a = Constant = α ϒc = 1.5 =(320/1.1)/(0.67/1.5×1.0×0.8×45)
. η . λ .
ϒ
η= 1.0 = 18
λ= 0.8
As per Table I.1 IRC 22 (2015),Pg 70, Plastic Moment capacity for composite section is given as:
Position of Plastic neutral
Case Value of xu Moment Capacity
axis
1 N.A. Within Slab

beff.ds > a.As xu = (a.As)/beff Mp =(Asfy (dc + 0.5ds - 0.4xu))/ϒm
2 N.A. in Steel Flange

beff.ds<a.As<(beff.ds+2a.Af) xu = ds +( (aAs - beff.ds)/2bfa) Mp ={ [As (dc + 0.1ds) - bf(xu - ds).(xu + 0.2ds)]}ϒm
3 N.A. in Web
beff.ds + 2a.Af < a.As xu = ds + tf + {a(As - 2Af) - beff.ds} / Mp = fy [ As(dc + 0.1ds) - 2Af(0.5tf + 0.6ds) - tw(xu - ds - tf) .
2atw (xu + 0.2ds + tf)] / ϒm
Hence, depth of the NA is calculated based on the following conditions:

6,50,000 < 8,22,928 N/A

6,50,000 < 8,22,928 < 9,74,193 OK

9,74,193 > 8,22,928 N/A
Plastic Moment capacity Mp = 1.49.E+10 N-mm

Mp = 14,932 kN-m
Max design bending moment on the section = 8122 kN-m OK
Page 54 of 66
ii) Moment of Resistance for Composite Section (Outer Girder)

2,500
1,025 450 1,025

250 250
50 450 300 50
20 50
964
1,602
16 1,650
686
28
650
Figure 5.4 Cross section of Outer Composite Section
Moment of resistance of Composite Section (Outer Girder)

Bending Moment with full shear Interaction IRC:22 -2015, Clause 603.3.1-Annexure I, Page 69
As = Cross section area of steel beam of a composite section = 45,691 mm2

beff = Effective width of concrete slab = 2,167 mm
= 8.31
dc = Vertical Distance between centroids of concrete slab and steel beam = 1,132 mm

ϒm = Material safety factor for structural steel = 1.1
αcc = 0.67

a = Constant ϒ# ϒc = 1.50 =(320/1.1)/(0.67/1.50×1.00×0.80×45)
α
ϒ . η . λ . η= 1.00 = 18
λ= 0.80
Page 55 of 66
The depth of the NA is calculated based on the following conditions:

6,50,000 < 8,22,928 N/A

6,50,000 < 8,22,928 < 9,74,193 OK

9,74,193 > 8,22,928 N/A
Plastic Moment capacity Mp = 1.49.E+10 Nmm
= 14,932 kNm
Max design bending moment on the sec. = 10297 kNm OK
4.3.2 Design Shear Strength of Composite Section IRC:22-2015 clause 603.3.3.2 page 19
As vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section due to which
Shear Check is same for outer and inner girder.
Vd = Vn/ϒmo
Where,
Vd = Design Strength
ϒmo = Partial safety factor against shear failure = 1.10
1) Plastic Shear Resistance:

Vn = Vp
AV = Shear Area
= d x tw
= 25632 mm2
Vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section only, Hence as per clause 603.3.3.2 of IRC:22 2015
of area of web only considered.
Hence, Vp = 4736 kN
2) Shear Buckling Resistance:

Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified, when
d/tw > 67 ϵ √(Kv / 5.35)
100.13 > 75.53 OK
Where, Kv = Shear Buckling Coefficient IRC:22-2015 clause 603.3.3.2 page 19
= 8.70 - when transverse stiffeners are provided with c/d >= 1

ϵ = √ (250 / fy)
Page 56 of 66

Vn = Vcr
Where, Vcr = Shear force corresponding to web buckling
= Av x τb
τb = Shear stress corresponding to web buckling
π2
τcr,e = 12 1 μ2 ! 2

= 157 MPa

λw = 3τ ,
= 1.09
When λw <= 0.8 τb = fyw / √3
When 0.8 < λw < 1.2 τb = (( 1 - 0.8 ) ( λw - 0.8 )) ( fyw / √3 )
When λw >= 1.2 τb = fyw /( √3 λw2)
Hence τb = 142.61 MPa
Vcr = 3655445 N
Vn = 3655 kN
Vn = 3655 kN
Design shear strength is obtained by dividing the nominal shear strength by the factor of safety.
Vd = 3,655/1.10
= 3323 kN
Maximum shear force in the critical girder = 1380 kN < 3323 kN

OK
Page 57 of 66
Design of Composite Section for Serviceability Limit State

4.3.3 Stress Check of Composite Section
The normal elastic analysis is used for finding out the design forces and stresses under various load combinations and load factors as
per IRC:6-2017. The section is checked for the stresses and deflection at this limit state as per IRC:22-2015.
2,500
250 450 300

50 450
20
50
0
964
1,950 16
1,602 1,650
686
28
650
Figure 5.5 Cross section of Composite Section
2
Area of concrete slab Inner Girder = 2,500×250+50×50+450×50 = 6,50,000 mm
2
Area of concrete slab Outer Girder = 6,50,000 mm
Calculation of Modular Ratio & Section Properties

For calculating stresses and deflection in the structure, the modular ratio is calculated as mentioned in IRC:22-2015 for different
stages of loading and the final stresses and deflections are worked out separately for each stage of load history with the relevant
modular ratio and the corresponding section modulus and then added together.
Section Properties is calculated for inner and outer girder and presented below and same properties is used for analysis of structure.
From the summary of forces design is carried out for outer girder and inner girder.
Modular ratio for Permanent loads / Long term loads IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
Modular ratio m = Es / ( Kc*Ec )

where, Kc = Creep factor = 0.5
m = 2,00,000/(0.5×34,000)
= 11.8 < 15.0
Modular ratio for Transient loads / Short term loads
Modular ratio m = Es / Ec = (2,00,000/34,000) IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
= 5.88 < 7.5

Page 58 of 66
i) Sectional Properties of inner girder at service stage

a) Long Term Loads
= 2,167
144
450 300
20
762
16 1,950
1,602 1,650
1,188
28
650
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description Ixx + Ay2
B D A y BD3/12 DB3/12

Web 16 1,602 2.56E+04 829 2.12E+07 1.76E+10 5.48E+09 5.47E+05 2.3E+10
Slab 144 300 4.33E+04 1,800 7.80E+07 1.40E+11 3.25E+08 7.53E+07 1.4E+11
S 9.62E+04 1.14E+08 8.69E+08 1.9E+11

ybot = 1,188 mm
4
IZZ = 5.2E+10 mm
4
Iyy = 8.69E+08 mm
3
3
3
Page 59 of 66
b) Short Term Loads

= 2,167
289
450 300
20
572
16 1,950
1,602 1,650
1,378
28
650
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description

Web 16 1,602 2.56E+04 829 2.12E+07 1.76E+10 5.48E+09 5.47E+05 2.3E+10
Slab 289 300 8.67E+04 1,800 1.56E+08 2.81E+11 6.50E+08 6.03E+08 2.8E+11
S 1.39E+05 1.92E+08 1.40E+09 3.3E+11

ybot = 1,378 mm
Izz = 6.38E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 1.40E+09 mm
3
3
3
Page 60 of 66
ii) Sectional Properties of outer girder at service stage

a) Long Term Loads
= (2500 x 250 + 2x0.5 x50 x 50+450x50)
= 2,167

144
450 300
20
762
16 1,950
1,602 1,650
1,188
28
650
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description
2 3 4 4 4
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm4
Web 16 1,602 2.56E+04 829 2.12E+07 1.76E+10 5.48E+09 5.47E+05 2.3E+10
Slab 144 300 4.33E+04 1,800 7.80E+07 1.40E+11 3.25E+08 7.53E+07 1.4E+11
S 9.62E+04 1.14E+08 8.69E+08 1.9E+11

ybot = 1,188 mm
IZZ = 5.23E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 8.69E+08 mm
3
3
3
Page 61 of 66
b) Short Term Loads

= (2500 x 250 + 2x0.5 x50 x 50+450x50)
= 2,167
289
450 300
20
572
16 1,950
1,602 1,650
1,378
28
650
Dist from
bot Ay A y2
Description

Web 16 1,602 2.56E+04 829 2.12E+07 1.76E+10 5.48E+09 5.47E+05 2.3E+10
Slab 289 300 8.67E+04 1,800 1.56E+08 2.81E+11 6.50E+08 6.03E+08 2.8E+11
S 1.39E+05 1.92E+08 1.40E+09 3.3E+11

ytop top of steel flange = 271.8 mm
ybot = 1,378 mm
Izz = 6.38E+10 mm4
4
Iyy = 1.40E+09 mm
3
3
3
Page 62 of 66
iii) Analysis for Differential Shrinkage

The differential shrinkage is entirely due to the concrete from the time composite action comes into effect.
Shrinkage Strain of Concrete = 2.00E-04 IRC 6-2017 cl 217.3
Long Term Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = (Kc.Ec) = 17,000.0 MPa

IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3-Page 23
2
Area of concrete Outer Girder = 6,50,000 mm
2
Area of concrete Inner Girder = 6,50,000 mm
Stress Developed Due Shrinkage Strain = 3.400 MPa
Force Due To Shrinkage Strain outer Girder = 2,210 kN
Force Due To Shrinkage Strain inner Girder = 2,210 kN
This force is assumed to act at the CG of concrete slab.
Distance of CG of concrete slab to the CG of composite section (Outer girder). = 612 mm
Bending Moment due to differential shrinkage in outer Girder = 1,352 kN-m
Distance of CG of concrete slab to the CG of composite section (Inner girder). = 612 mm

Bending Moment due to differential shrinkage inner Girder = 1,352 kN-m
Outer Girder Inner Girder

Stress Due to Shrinkage stops sbots stopg sbotg stops sbots stopg sbotg
Tensile stress in top slab -3.40 -3.40 -3.40 -3.40
Bending stresses 1.31 0.80 11.95 -30.74 1.31 0.80 11.95 -30.74
Direct stress due to force 1.53 1.53 22.98 22.98 1.53 1.53 22.98 22.98
Resultant stress -0.55 -1.07 34.93 -7.76 -0.55 -1.07 34.93 -7.76
iv) Analysis for Temperature Gradient

The daily variation of temperature causes the differences in temperature between top and bottom faces of the structure. This change
in the temperature sets up additional stresses in the structure. The temperature gradient is considered as per Figure 10(b) of IRC:6-
2017.
Top of slab
o
19.00 C 5.36 oC
0.6h 180.0 180 h1

Deck Slab 250 h o
4.0 C 0 oC
70.0 3.46 oC h 0 oC
Bot of slab 50 50.0 o
3.08 C 0 oC
Steel flange 20.0 2.92 oC 0.4 oC
h2 400 380.0 400 h2
o o
0.0 C 8.0 C 1,250
Temperature Rise Temperature Fall
h = 300 mm = Depth of Slab

h1 = 0.6 h
h2 = 0.4 mt
Long Term Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 34,000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of steel = 2,00,000 MPa
o
Coefficient of thermal Expansion for concrete & steel = 1.20E-05 / C
IRC6:2010, Clause 215.4 Page 42
Page 63 of 66
Temperature Rise Case
Dist. of Total CG of
Stress due Moment
fiber Temp at Width of force force
Section Fiber No to temp Force about top
from the fiber Fiber between from top
gradient of slab
top fibers of slab
(d) (T) (W) ( E x ax
a T ) (y) (F x Y)
x W) 2x(di+1-di)
o
1 0 19.00 2500 7.752 19.38
2 180 4.00 2500 1.632 4.08 2,111 0.070 149
Slab
3 250 3.46 2500 1.412 3.53 266 0.214 57
4 300 3.08 450 1.255 0.56 102 0.269 28
5 300 3.08 450 7.385 3.32 0 0.300 0
6 320 2.92 450 7.015 3.16 65 0.310 20
I girder
7 320 2.92 16 7.015 0.11 0 0.320 0
8 700 0.00 16 0.000 0.00 21 0.447 10
2,566 263

Moment Due to temperature Rise =2,566×(0.102-0.57) = -1,204 kN-m

MPa MPa MPa MPa
Tensile stress in top slab 7.75 1.26 7.38 0.00
Bending stresses -0.72 -0.34 -5.13 26.03
Direct stress due to force -1.23 -1.23 -18.40 -18.40
Resultant stress 5.81 -0.31 -16.14 7.63
Temperature Fall Case
Dist. of Total CG of
Stress due Moment
fiber Temp at Width of force force
Section Fiber No to temp Force about top
from the fiber Fiber between from top
gradient of slab
top fibers of slab
(d) (T) (W) ( E x ax
a T ) (y) (F x Y)
x W) 2x(di+1-di)
o
1 0.00 5.36 2500 2.187 5.47
2 180.00 0.00 2500 0.000 0.00 492 0.060 30
Slab
3 250.00 0.00 2500 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
4 300.00 0.00 450 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
5 300.00 0.00 450 0.000 0.00 0 0.000 0
6 320.00 0.40 450 0.960 0.43 4 0.307 1
7 320.00 0.40 16 0.960 0.02 0 0.320 0
I girder 8 700.00 8.00 16 19.200 0.31 61 0.453 28
9 1,922.00 8.00 16 19.200 0.31 375 1.311 492
10 1,922.00 8.00 650 19.200 12.48 0 1.922 0
11 1,950.00 8.00 650 19.200 12.48 349 1.936 677
1,282 1,227
Page 64 of 66

Moment Due to temperature fall =1,282×(0.957-0.57) = 494 kN-m

MPa MPa MPa MPa
Tensile stress in top slab -2.19 0.00 0.00 -19.20
Bending stresses 0.48 0.29 4.36 -11.23
Direct stress due to force 0.89 0.89 13.34 13.34
Resultant stress -0.82 1.18 17.70 -17.09
v) Check for Stresses in the Member

The stresses in the member at the critical section i.e. midspan are checked for rare combination as per IRC:6-2017. The final stresses
in the member are calculated separately for each loading stage of load history with relevant section properties and then added
together.
A Izz Ztopsl Ztop Zbot

Sl. No. Section
mm2 mm4 mm3 mm3 mm3
1 Outer Permanent / long term Loads 9.6E+04 5.2E+10 6.9E+07 1.1E+08 4.40E+07
3 Inner Permanent / long term Loads 9.6E+04 5.2E+10 6.9E+07 1.1E+08 4.40E+07
Bending Moments in Girders for Rare Combinations

Bending Moments
Sl. No. Loading G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
1 Dead Load (girder + slab) 2,651 2,579 2,486 2,486 2,579 2,651
2 SIDL 746 355 173 173 355 746
3 Surfacing 512 506 492 492 506 512
4 Vehicular Live Load 3,308 2,282 1,773 1,773 2,282 3,309
5 Vehicular Live Load(SV) 449 3,005 4,369 3,363 1,230 362
6 Footpath Live Load 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stresses in Composite Section for Rare Combination & Quasi permanent case:
Load Combination is as per IRC-6: 2017, Table 3.3 Page 78
Girder G1 Girder G2
2 SIDL 0.72 0.44 6.59 -16.96 0.34 0.21 3.14 -8.07
3 Surfacing 0.50 0.30 4.53 -11.65 0.49 0.30 4.47 -11.51
Page 65 of 66
Girder G3 Girder G4
2 SIDL 0.17 0.10 1.53 -3.93 0.17 0.10 1.53 -3.93
3 Surfacing 0.48 0.29 4.35 -11.19 0.48 0.29 4.35 -11.19
Girder G5 Girder G6
1 Dead Load (girder + slab) 2.51 1.52 110.86 78.97 2.58 1.56 113.95 81.17
2 SIDL 0.34 0.21 3.14 8.07 0.72 0.44 6.59 16.96
3 Surfacing 0.49 0.30 4.47 11.51 0.50 0.30 4.53 11.65
7 Vehicular Live Load 2.73 1.30 9.72 49.31 3.96 1.88 14.10 71.51
8 Vehicular Live Load(SV) 1.47 0.70 5.24 26.58 0.43 0.21 1.54 7.82
Comb 1 Live load as leading load 9.10 2.12 154.33 146.99 10.78 2.98 165.32 180.45
Comb 4 SV Comb Without thermal 4.36 1.71 159.53 119.68 3.78 1.50 162.45 112.18
Note: Comb 1 live load is considered as leading load, the factor for thermal load is 0.6
Comb 2: Thermal is considered as leading load, the factor for live load is 0.75 (Temperature Rise)
Comb 3: Thermal is considered as leading load, the factor for live load is 0.75 (Temperature Fall)
stops Stress at slab top

sbots Stress at slab bottom
stopg Stress at girder top
sbotg Stress at girder bottom
Permissible bending stress in concrete - Rare combination = 21.60 MPa

Permissible bending stress in concrete - Quasi permanent combination = 16.20 MPa
Design tensile strength of bottom flange Tdn = () = 5,295 KN IRC24:2010, Clause 506.1.1 Pg 40
ϒ#0
Maximum bending stress in concrete - Rare combination = 12.12 MPa OK

Maximum bending stress in concrete - Quasi permanent combination = 6.15 MPa OK
Maximum elastic stress in bottom flange = 195.65 MPa OK
Maximum tensile force in bottom flange (At Max. BM location) = 3,561 KN OK
Page 66 of 66

Design Document

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Document

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Document for 20m & 30m Span Steel

Design of 20m Span Steel Composite Girder

Overall span (Exp joint -Exp joint) (Skew) = 20.00 m

2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

2.2 Calculation of sectional properties of plate girder

2.2.1 Sectional properties of steel section

Є for Web = 0.85

d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49

Top flange b/tf = 10.44 Semicompact Section

Iyy = 404262189 mm4

Z top = 14898301 mm3

Z bot = 21747223 mm3

E for concrete Ec = 34000 Mpa

E for steel Es = 200000 Mpa

For inner girder portion

CG of slab = 625000.0 x 125.0 + 17500.0 x 275.0 + 2500.0 x 266.7

2.2.2.1 Composite section for permanent loads

B in D in y in Area-A in 2 Izz = I self + A ( 4

CONCRETE SECTION for Permanent loads

2.2.2.2 Composite section for transient loads

CONCRETE SECTION for Transient loads

127994 1.62E+08 3.79E+10 4.38E+09 4.22E+10 9.95E+08

For Transient loads

2.3 Sectional Properties of Diaphragm Section

25 Section classification for assumed section

e for Top flange = 0.87

e for Bottom flange = 0.87

d/tw 70.99 88.74 106.49

241 241 Top flange b/tf = 9.64 Semicompact Section

2.4 Load calculation for analysis

Self weight of diaphragm

Dead load of deck slab

For inner girder

For end girder

Superimposed Dead load

Due to wearing coat

For end girder

2.6 Summary of forces and moments from Global Model report

2.6.1 Unfactored Shear forces and Bending moments (From Midas)

2055 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2055

For main girders G1 to G6 (Mid Portion)

Impact factor for steel girder with class A loading = 9 / ( 13.5 + L )

Impact percentage for 70R wheeled vehicle = 25.0% upto 23 m span

Impact percentage for 70R Tracked = 10.0% , factor = 110.00%

Description Girder G1 Girder G2 Girder G3 Girder G4 Girder G5 Girder G6

DL BM of slab - in kNm 953 953 902 828 828 902 953

Live Load Bending moments in kNm

0 Load governing in LL BM 2122 2122 1498 1202 1202 1498 2122

Description Girder G1 Girder G2 Girder G3 Girder G4 Girder G5 Girder G6

0 Load governing in LL SF 428 416 428 260 256 428 416

Total shear force in kN 741 728 498 494 728 741

2.6.2 Summary of factored Shear forces and Bending moments

DL BM of slab - in kNm 1287 1287 1218 1118 1118 1218 1287

SIDL BM due to crash barrier - in kNm 539 157 65 65 157 540

Forces considered for the design of Girder G6

2.8 Sectional Properties and Standard Requirements

2.8.1 Characteristic Stresses and Material Constants

Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Permissible Stresses in Reinforcing Steel

Permissible Stresses in Concrete

2.8.1.1 Elastic Sectional Property Y

Elastic Section Modulus of section (Ze)

2.8.1.2 Plastic Section Modulus of section (Zp)

For Plastic Section modulus, A1 x y1 + A2 x y2 = A3 x y3

αcc = 0.67