DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE Compute for ultimate moment:

BEAM AT ROOF DECK W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿

Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 (20.12kN/m)
Beam # 1 Wu= 46.256 kN/m
Height: 325 mm
Base: 225 mm Wu L
2

Span: 4.5 meters Mu = = 46.256 ¿ ¿ = 117.0855 kN.m

8
Concrete cover: 40mm
Depth: 260 mm Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
fy : 278 MPa compression.
f’c = 20.1 MPa
Loadings: Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
Live Load kN/m M2 = Mu – M1
Load from Slab: 17.40 M2 = 117.0855 – 77.65
Wind Load 2.72 M2 = 39.44 kN.m
Total 20.12
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-
Dead Load kN/m steel couple:
Wall 10 As1 = ρbd
Self-weight, Ws 1.72 As1 = (0.0243) (225) (260)
Total 11.72 As1 = 1421.55 mm2
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600 Compute for compressive stress of steel-
ρmax =0.75 [ ] steel couple:
fy(600+fy)
M2
C2 =
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600 Ø( d−d ' )
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278) 39.44 ×106
C2 = = 199,191.92 N
ρmax =0.027 0.90(260−40)
C2 = 199.19 kN
Use: ρ = 90% of ρ max or 50% ρb
ρ = 90% of ρ max Thickness of compression block and
ρ = 90% (0.027) location of neutral axis from compression
ρ = 0.0243 extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1421.55(278)
a= = =
Compute for strength ratio: 0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 225)
ρfy 0.0243(278) 102.80mm
ꞷ= = = 0.34 a
f 'c 20.1 a=βc ; c=
β
Compute for moment capacity of 102.80
c= =120.94 mm
concrete-steel couple: 0.85
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w) Determine whether compression steel
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (225) (260)2 (0.34) [1 – yields:
0.5(0.34)] fy 278 MPa
𝜖y = =
M1 = 77 647 019.58 N.mm Es 200,000 MPa
M1 = 77.65 kN.m 𝜖y = 0.00139
 3 × 28 = 84
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2× 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 225 > 220 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = = Check for ductility compression steel
c 120.94
𝜖s =0.00345 yields;
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(225) (260) + 716.51
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 2,296.01 > 2138.06 OK
f’s = fs = fy
Check for steel ratio:
Compute for area of compressive steel 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
reinforcement: fy (600−fy) d
C 199.19× 103 A' s 716.51
A’s = 2 = ρ' = = = 0.01224
fy 278 bd (225)(260)
A’s = 716.51 mm2 As 2,296.01 mm 2
ρ= = =0.03924
bd (225)(260)
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
Try: 20 mm Ø RSB ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
A20=π ¿ ¿
716.51 mm
2
0.03924−0.01224 >
N= =20 say 2 pcs .
mm2 0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
314.16
pc 278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Test : 0.027 ¿0.0150
2 × 20 = 40
1 × 25 = 25 ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
2 × 40 = 80 ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.01224
145 > 225 mm; OK ρmax .= 0.03924
0.03924 ¿ 0.02797
Compute for area of tension requirement:
As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s Use the above computed reinforcement:
As = 1421.55 mm2 + 716.51 mm2 2-20 mm Ø RSB for compression
As = 2138.06 mm2 3-28 mm Ø RSB for tension
Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
Try: 28 mm Ø RSB
A28=π ¿ ¿
2,138.06 m m2
N= =¿
mm
2
3.0 say 3 pcs.
615.75
pc
Test :
 ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1

Compute for moment capacity of

concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (225) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 77 647 019.58 N.mm
M1 = 77.65 kN.m
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE Compute for ultimate moment:
BEAM AT ROOF DECK W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 (37.52kN/m)
Beam # 4 Wu= 74.096 kN/m
Height: 325 mm
Base: 225 mm
W u L2
Span: 4.5 meters Mu = = 74.096 ¿ ¿= 187.555 kN.m
Concrete cover: 40mm 8
Depth: 260 mm
fy : 278 MPa Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
f’c = 20.1 MPa compression.
Loadings:
Live Load kN/m Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
M2 = Mu – M1
Load from Slab: 34.80
M2 = 187.555 – 77.65
Wind Load 2.72
M2 = 109.905 kN.m
Total 37.52
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-
Dead Load kN/m steel couple:
Wall 10 As1 = ρbd
Self-weight, Ws 1.72 As1 = (0.0243) (225) (260)
Total 11.72 As1 = 1421.55 mm2
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600 Compute for compressive stress of steel-
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
fy(600+fy) steel couple:
M2
C2 =
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600 Ø( d−d ' )
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278) 109.905× 10
6

ρmax =0.027 C2 = = 555,075.75 N

0.90(260−40)
C2 = 555.075 kN
Use: ρ = 90% of ρ max or 50% ρb
ρ = 90% of ρ max
ρ = 90% (0.027)
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 40 = 80
location of neutral axis from compression 220 < 225 mm; OK
extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1421.55(278) Compute for area of tension requirement:
a= = =
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 225) As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
102.80mm As = 1421.55 mm2 + 1,996.67 mm2
a As = 3,418.22 mm2
a=βc ; c=
β
102.80 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
c= =120.94 mm Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
0.85
Determine whether compression steel A36=π ¿ ¿
yields: 3,418.22m m2
N= =¿
fy 278 MPa mm
2
3.02 say 3 pcs.
𝜖y = = 1,017.88
Es 200,000 MPa pc
𝜖y = 0.00139 Test :
3 × 36 = 108
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2 × 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 225 > 224 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
c 120.94
𝜖s =0.00345 Check for ductility compression steel
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 yields;
As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 0.027(225) (260) + 1,996.67
f’s = fs = fy As = 3,576.17> 3,418.22 OK

Compute for area of compressive steel Check for steel ratio:

reinforcement: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
C 555.075× 103 fy (600−fy) d
A’s = 2 = A' s 1996.67
fy 278 ρ' = = = 0.03413
A’s = 1,996.67 mm2 bd (225)(260)
As 3,576.17 m m2
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: ρ= = =0.06113
bd (225)(260)
Try: 30 mm Ø RSB 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
A30 =π ¿ ¿ ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
1,996.67 m m2
N= =2.82 say 3 pcs .
mm
2
0.06113−0.03413 >
706.86
pc 0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
Test : 278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
3 × 30 = 90 0.0270 ¿0.0150
2 × 25 = 50
ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ' Wall 10
ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03413 Self-weight, Ws 1.72
ρmax .= 0.06113 Total 11.72
0.06113 ¿ 0.02797 Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
Use the above computed reinforcement: fy(600+fy)
3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression
3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension 0.85(20.1)(0.85)600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278)
ρmax =0.027

Use: ρ = 90% of ρmax or 50% ρb

ρ = 90% of ρmax
ρ = 90% (0.027)
ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1

Compute for moment capacity of

concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (225) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 77 647 019.58 N.mm
M1 = 77.65 kN.m
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE Compute for ultimate moment:
BEAM AT ROOF DECK W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 (37.52kN/m)
Beam # 7 Wu= 74.096 kN/m
Height: 325 mm
Base: 225 mm W u L2
Span: 4.5 meters Mu = = 74.096 ¿ ¿= 187.555 kN.m
8
Concrete cover: 40mm
Depth: 260 mm Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
fy : 278 MPa compression.
f’c = 20.1 MPa
Loadings: Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
Live Load kN/m M2 = Mu – M1
Load from Slab: 34.80 M2 = 187.555 – 77.65
Wind Load 2.72 M2 = 109.905 kN.m
Total 37.52
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-
Dead Load kN/m steel couple:
As1 = ρbd C2 555.075× 103
As1 = (0.0243) (225) (260) A’s = =
fy 278
As1 = 1421.55 mm2 A’s = 1,996.67 mm2

Compute for compressive stress of steel- Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
steel couple: Try: 30 mm Ø RSB
M2 A30=π ¿ ¿
C2 =
Ø( d−d ') 1,996.67 m m
2
N= =2.82 say 3 pcs .
109.905× 106 mm
2
C2 = = 555,075.75 N 706.86
0.90(260−40) pc
C2 = 555.075 kN Test :
3 × 30 = 90
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 25 = 50
location of neutral axis from compression 2 × 40 = 80
extreme fiber: 220 < 225 mm; OK
A s 1 fy 1421.55(278)
a= = =
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 225) Compute for area of tension requirement:
102.80mm As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
a As = 1421.55 mm2 + 1,996.67 mm2
a=βc ; c=
β As = 3,418.22 mm2
102.80
c= =120.94 mm
0.85 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
Determine whether compression steel Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
yields: A36=π ¿ ¿
fy 278 MPa 3,418.22m m
2
𝜖y = = N= =¿
Es 200,000 MPa mm2 3.02 say 3 pcs.
𝜖y = 0.00139 1,017.88
pc
Test :
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 3 × 36 = 108
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 28 = 56
= 0.00201 2 × 40 = 80
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139 225 > 224 mm; OK
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
c 120.94
𝜖s =0.00345 Check for ductility compression steel
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 yields;
As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 0.027(225) (260) + 1,996.67
f’s = fs = fy As = 3,576.17> 3,418.22 OK

Compute for area of compressive steel Check for steel ratio:

reinforcement: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
 A' s 1996.67 Base: 225 mm
ρ' = = = 0.03413
bd (225)(260) Span: 4.5 meters
As 3,576.17 m m
2 Concrete cover: 40mm
ρ= = =0.06113 Depth: 260 mm
bd (225)( 260)
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600 fy : 278 MPa
ρ−ρ' > f’c = 20.1 MPa
fy (600−fy)d
Loadings:
0.06113−0.03413 > Live Load kN/m
Load from Slab: 34.80
0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
Wind Load 2.72
278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Total 37.52
0.0270 ¿0.0150
Dead Load kN/m
ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
Wall 10
ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03413
Self-weight, Ws 1.72
ρmax .= 0.06113
Total 11.72
0.06113 ¿ 0.02797
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600
Use the above computed reinforcement: ρmax =0.75 [ ]
3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression fy(600+fy)
3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278)
ρmax =0.027

Use: ρ = 90% of ρmax or 50% ρb

ρ = 90% of ρmax
ρ = 90% (0.027)
ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1

Compute for moment capacity of

concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (225) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 77 647 019.58 N.mm
M1 = 77.65 kN.m
Compute for ultimate moment:
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
BEAM AT ROOF DECK
Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 (37.52kN/m)
Beam # 10 Wu= 74.096 kN/m
Height: 325 mm
 W L
2
Therefore; compression steel yields
Mu = u = 74.096 ¿ ¿= 187.555 kN.m For tension:
8
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for c 120.94
compression. 𝜖s =0.00345
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139
Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
M2 = Mu – M1 Therefore: Tension steel yields
M2 = 187.555 – 77.65 f’s = fs = fy
M2 = 109.905 kN.m
Compute for area of compressive steel
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete- reinforcement:
steel couple: C 555.075× 103
A’s = 2 =
As1 = ρbd fy 278
As1 = (0.0243) (225) (260) A’s = 1,996.67 mm2
As1 = 1421.55 mm2
Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
Compute for compressive stress of steel- Try: 30 mm Ø RSB
steel couple: A30=π ¿ ¿
M2 1,996.67 m m
2
C2 = N= =2.82 say 3 pcs .
Ø( d−d ') mm
2
706.86
109.905× 106 pc
C2 = = 555,075.75 N
0.90(260−40) Test :
C2 = 555.075 kN 3 × 30 = 90
2 × 25 = 50
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 40 = 80
location of neutral axis from compression 220 < 225 mm; OK
extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1421.55(278) Compute for area of tension requirement:
a= = =
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 225) As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
102.80mm As = 1421.55 mm2 + 1,996.67 mm2
a As = 3,418.22 mm2
a=βc ; c=
β
102.80 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
c= =120.94 mm Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
0.85
Determine whether compression steel A36=π ¿ ¿
yields: 3,418.22m m2
N= =¿
fy 278 MPa mm2 3.02 say 3 pcs.
𝜖y = = 1,017.88
Es 200,000 MPa pc
𝜖y = 0.00139 Test :
3 × 36 = 108
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2 × 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 225 > 224 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Check for ductility compression steel
yields;
As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(225) (260) + 1,996.67
As = 3,576.17> 3,418.22 OK
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE
Check for steel ratio: BEAM AT ROOF DECK
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' > Beam # 13
fy (600−fy)d
A' s 1996.67 Height: 325 mm
ρ' = = = 0.03413 Base: 260 mm
bd (225)(260)
2 Span: 4.5 meters
As 3,576.17 m m
ρ= = =0.06113 Concrete cover: 40mm
bd (225)( 260) Depth: 260 mm
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600 fy : 278 MPa
ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy)d f’c = 20.1 MPa
Loadings:
0.06113−0.03413 > Live Load kN/m
0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600) Load from Slab: 17.40
278 ( 600−278 ) (260) Wind Load 2.72
0.0270 ¿0.0150 Total 20.12

ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ' Dead Load kN/m

ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03413 Wall 10
ρmax .= 0.06113 Weight of Stairs 35.39266
0.06113 ¿ 0.02797 Self-weight, Ws 1.72
Total 47.11266
Use the above computed reinforcement: Compute for maximum steel ratio:
3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression 0.85 f ' cβ 600
3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension ρmax =0.75 [ ]
fy(600+fy)

0.85(20.1)(0.85)600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278)
ρmax =0.027

Use: ρ = 90% of ρmax or 50% ρb

ρ = 90% of ρmax
ρ = 90% (0.027)
ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

 ρfy 0.0243(278) A s 1 fy 1642.68(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34 a= = =
f 'c 20.1 0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 260)
Compute for moment capacity of 102.80mm
concrete-steel couple: a
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w) a=βc ; c=
β
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (260) (260)2 (0.34) [1 – 102.80
0.5(0.34)] c= =120.94 mm
0.85
M1 = 89,725,444.85 N.mm Determine whether compression steel
M1 = 89.725 kN.m yields:
Compute for ultimate moment: fy 278 MPa
W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿ 𝜖y = =
Es 200,000 MPa
Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 𝜖y = 0.00139
(35.39266kN/m)
Wu= 70.692 kN/m 0.003(c−d ' ) 0.003(120.94−40)
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94
W u L2 = 0.00201
Mu = = 70.692 ¿ ¿= 178.939 kN.m
8 𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for For tension:
compression. 0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
c 120.94
Moment capacity of steel-steel couple: 𝜖s =0.00345
M2 = Mu – M1 𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139
M2 = 178.939 – 89.725
M2 = 89.214 kN.m Therefore: Tension steel yields
f’s = fs = fy
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-
steel couple: Compute for area of compressive steel
As1 = ρbd reinforcement:
As1 = (0.0243) (260) (260) C 450.576 ×103
As1 = 1642.68 mm2 A’s = 2 =
fy 278
A’s = 1,620.78 mm2
Compute for compressive stress of steel-
steel couple: Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
M2 Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
C2 =
Ø( d−d ') A36=π ¿ ¿
6
89.214 ×10 1,620.78 mm2
C2 = = 450,575.76 N N= =1.59 say 2 pcs .
0.90(260−40) mm2
C2 = 450.576 kN 1,017.87
pc
Test :
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 36 = 72
location of neutral axis from compression 1 × 25 = 25
extreme fiber: 2 × 40 = 80
177 > 225 mm; OK
Compute for area of tension requirement:
As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s Use the above computed reinforcement:
As = 1,642.68 mm2 + 1,620.78 mm2 2-36 mm Ø RSB for compression
As = 3,263.46 mm2 3-40 mm Ø RSB for tension

Assign bars to compute number of pieces:

Try: 40 mm Ø RSB
A 40=π ¿ ¿
3,263.46 mm 2
N= =¿
mm
2
2.60 say 3 pcs.
1,256.64
pc
Test :
3 × 40 = 120
2× 28 = 56
2 × 40 = 80
260 > 256 mm; OK

Check for ductility compression steel

yields;
As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(260) (260) + 1,620.78
As = 3,445.98 > 3,263.46 OK DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE
BEAM AT 2ND FLOOR
Check for steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600 Beam # 1
ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy)d Height: 325 mm
A' s 1,620.78 Base: 225 mm
ρ' = = = 0.02398
bd (260)(260) Span: 4.5 meters
As 3,445.98 m m2 Concrete cover: 40mm
ρ= = =0.05098 Depth: 260 mm
bd ( 260)(260)
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600 fy : 278 MPa
ρ−ρ' > f’c = 20.1 MPa
fy (600−fy)d
Loadings:
0.05098−0.02398> Live Load kN/m
Load from Slab: 18.17
0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
Wind Load 2.72
278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Total 20.89
0.027 ¿0.0150
Dead Load kN/m
ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
Wall 10
ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.02398
Self-weight, Ws 1.72
ρmax .= 0.05098
Total 11.72
0.05098 ¿ 0.02797
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600 Compute for compressive stress of steel-
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
fy(600+fy) steel couple:
M2
C2 =
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600 Ø( d−d ' )
ρmax =0.75 [ ] 6
278(600+278) 42.48 ×10
ρmax =0.027 C2 = = 214,545.45 N
0.90(260−40)
C2 = 214.545 kN
Use: ρ = 90% of ρ max or 50% ρb
ρ = 90% of ρ max Thickness of compression block and
ρ = 90% (0.027) location of neutral axis from compression
ρ = 0.0243 extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1421.55(278)
a= = =
Compute for strength ratio: 0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 225)
ρfy 0.0243(278) 102.80mm
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1 a
a=βc ; c=
β
Compute for moment capacity of 102.80
c= =120.94 mm
concrete-steel couple: 0.85
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w) Determine whether compression steel
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (225) (260)2 (0.34) [1 – yields:
0.5(0.34)] fy 278 MPa
M1 = 77 647 019.58 N.mm 𝜖y = =
Es 200,000 MPa
M1 = 77.65 kN.m 𝜖y = 0.00139
Compute for ultimate moment:
W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿ 0.003(c−d ' ) 0.003(120.94−40)
Wu = 1.2(11.72kN/m) + 1.6 (20.89kN/m) 𝜖’s = =
c 120.94
Wu= 47.488 kN/m = 0.00201
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
W u L2 Therefore; compression steel yields
Mu = = 47.488 ¿ ¿ = 120.13 kN.m
8 For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for c 120.94
compression. 𝜖s =0.00345
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139
Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
M2 = Mu – M1 Therefore: Tension steel yields
M2 = 120.13 – 77.65 f’s = fs = fy
M2 = 42.48 kN.m
Compute for area of compressive steel
Area of steel reinforcement for concrete- reinforcement:
steel couple: C 214.545× 103
As1 = ρbd A’s = 2 =
fy 278
As1 = (0.0243) (225) (260) A’s = 771.74 mm2
As1 = 1421.55 mm2
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
Try: 20 mm Ø RSB fy (600−fy) d
A20=π ¿ ¿

N=
771.74 mm2
=2.45 say 3 pcs .
0.04019−0.01319 >
mm2 0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
314.16
pc 278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Test : 0.027 ¿0.0150
3 × 20 = 60
2 × 25 = 50 ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
2 × 40 = 80 ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.01319
190 < 225 mm; OK ρmax .= 0.06113
0.04019 ¿ 0.02797
Compute for area of tension requirement:
As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s Use the above computed reinforcement:
As = 1421.55 mm2 + 771.74 mm2 3-20 mm Ø RSB for compression
As = 2,193.29 mm2 3-28 mm Ø RSB for tension

Assign bars to compute number of pieces:

Try: 28 mm Ø RSB
A28=π ¿ ¿
2,193.29 m m2
N= =¿
m m2 3.1 say 3 pcs.
615.75
pc
Test :
3 × 28 = 84
2 × 28 = 56
2 × 40 = 80
225 > 220 mm; OK

Check for ductility compression steel

yields;
As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(225) (260) + 771.74
As = 2,351.24> 2,193.29 OK DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE
BEAM AT 2ND FLOOR
Check for steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' > Beam # 4
fy (600−fy)d Height: 325 mm
A' s 771.74 Base: 250 mm
ρ' = = = 0.01319
bd (225)(260) Span: 4.5 meters
2
As 2,351.24 m m Concrete cover: 40mm
ρ= = =0.04019
bd (225)(260) Depth: 260 mm
 fy : 278 MPa Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
f’c = 20.1 MPa compression.
Loadings:
Live Load kN/m Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
Load from Slab: 36.34 M2 = Mu – M1
Wind Load 2.72 M2 = 194.37 – 86.274
Total 39.06 M2 = 108.096 kN.m

Dead Load kN/m Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-

Wall 10 steel couple:
As1 = ρbd
Self-weight, Ws 1.91
As1 = (0.0243) (250) (260)
Total 11.91
As1 = 1,579.5 mm2
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
0.85 f ' cβ 600 Compute for compressive stress of steel-
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
fy(600+fy) steel couple:
M2
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600 C2 =
ρmax =0.75 [ ] Ø( d−d ' )
278(600+278) 6
108.096 × 10
ρmax =0.027 C2 = = 550,303.03 N
0.90(260−40)
C2 = 550.303 kN
Use: ρ = 90% of ρ max or 50% ρb
ρ = 90% of ρ max Thickness of compression block and
ρ = 90% (0.027) location of neutral axis from compression
ρ = 0.0243 extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1 ,579.5 (278)
Compute for strength ratio: a= = = 102.80
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 250)
ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34 mm
f 'c 20.1 a
a=βc ; c=
β
Compute for moment capacity of 102.80
concrete-steel couple: c= =120.94 mm
0.85
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
Determine whether compression steel
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (250) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
yields:
0.5(0.34)]
fy 278 MPa
M1 = 86,274,466.2 N.mm 𝜖y = =
Es 200,000 MPa
M1 = 86.274 kN.m
Compute for ultimate moment: 𝜖y = 0.00139
W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
0.003(c−d ' ) 0.003(120.94−40)
Wu = 1.2(11.91kN/m) + 1.6 (39.06kN/m) 𝜖’s = =
Wu= 76.788 kN/m c 120.94
= 0.00201
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
W u L2
Mu = = 76. 788¿ ¿ = 194.37 kN.m Therefore; compression steel yields
8 For tension:
 0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = = Check for ductility compression steel
c 120.94
𝜖s =0.00345 yields;
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(250) (260) + 1,979.51
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 3,734.51> 3,559.01 OK
f’s = fs = fy
Check for steel ratio:
Compute for area of compressive steel 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
reinforcement: fy (600−fy) d
C 550.303 ×10 3 A' s 1,979.51
A’s = 2 = ρ' = = = 0.03045
fy 278 bd (250)(260)
A’s = 1,979.51 mm2 As 3,734.51 mm2
ρ= = =0.0 5745
bd (250)(260)
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
Try: 30 mm Ø RSB ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
A30=π ¿ ¿
1,979.51 mm 2 0.0 5745−0.03045 >
N= =2. 80 say 3 pcs .
mm2 0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
706.86
pc 278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Test : 0.027 ¿0.0150
3 × 30 = 90
2 × 25 = 50 ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
2 × 40 = 80 ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03045
220 < 225 mm; OK ρmax .= 0.06113
0.05745 ¿ 0.02797
Compute for area of tension requirement:
As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
Use the above computed reinforcement:
As = 1,579.5 mm2 + 1,979.51 mm2 3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression
As = 3,559.01 mm2 3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension
Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
A3 6 =π ¿ ¿
3,5 59.01m m2
N= =¿
mm 2 3.1 say 3 pcs.
1,017.88
pc
Test :
3 × 36 = 108
2 × 28 = 56
2 × 40 = 80
250 > 244 mm; OK
 Compute for moment capacity of
concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (250) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 86,274,466.2 N.mm
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE M1 = 86.274 kN.m
BEAM AT 2ND FLOOR Compute for ultimate moment:
W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
Beam # 7 Wu = 1.2(11.91kN/m) + 1.6 (39.06kN/m)
Height: 325 mm Wu= 76.788 kN/m
Base: 250 mm
Span: 4.5 meters W u L2
Concrete cover: 40mm Mu = = 76.788 ¿ ¿= 194.37 kN.m
8
Depth: 260 mm
fy : 278 MPa
Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
f’c = 20.1 MPa
compression.
Loadings:
Live Load kN/m Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
Load from Slab: 36.34 M2 = Mu – M1
Wind Load 2.72 M2 = 194.37 – 86.274
Total 39.06 M2 = 108.096 kN.m

Dead Load kN/m Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-

Wall 10 steel couple:
Self-weight, Ws 1.91 As1 = ρbd
Total 11.91 As1 = (0.0243) (250) (260)
Compute for maximum steel ratio: As1 = 1,579.5 mm2
0.85 f ' cβ 600
ρmax =0.75 [ ] Compute for compressive stress of steel-
fy(600+fy)
steel couple:
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600 M2
ρmax =0.75 [ ] C2 =
278(600+278) Ø( d−d ' )
6
ρmax =0.027 108.096× 10
C2 = = 550,303.03 N
0.90(260−40)
Use: ρ = 90% of ρ max or 50% ρb C2 = 550.303 kN
ρ = 90% of ρ max
ρ = 90% (0.027) Thickness of compression block and
ρ = 0.0243 location of neutral axis from compression
extreme fiber:
Compute for strength ratio: A s 1 fy 1 ,579.5 (278)
a= = = 102.80
ρfy 0.0243(278) 0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 250)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1 mm
a
a=βc ; c=
β
 102.80 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
c= =120.94 mm
0.85 Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
Determine whether compression steel A36=π ¿ ¿
yields: 3,559.01m m2
fy 278 MPa N= =¿
𝜖y = = mm2 3.1 say 3 pcs.
Es 200,000 MPa 1,017.88
pc
𝜖y = 0.00139 Test :
3 × 36 = 108
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2 × 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 250 > 244 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
c 120.94 Check for ductility compression steel
𝜖s =0.00345 yields;
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(250) (260) + 1,979.51
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 3,734.51> 3,559.01 OK
f’s = fs = fy
Check for steel ratio:
Compute for area of compressive steel 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
reinforcement: ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
C2 550.303× 103 A' s 1,979.51
A’s = = ρ' = = = 0.03045
fy 278 bd (250)(260)
A’s = 1,979.51 mm2 As 3,734.51 mm2
ρ= = =0.0 5745
bd (250)(260)
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
Try: 30 mm Ø RSB ρ−ρ' >
A30 =π ¿ ¿ fy (600−fy) d
1,979.51 mm 2 0.0 5745−0.03045 >
N= 2
=2. 80 say 3 pcs .
mm 0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
706.86
pc 278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
Test :
0.027 ¿0.0150
3 × 30 = 90
2 × 25 = 50 ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'
2 × 40 = 80
ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03045
220 < 225 mm; OK
ρmax .= 0.06113
Compute for area of tension requirement: 0.05745 ¿ 0.02797
As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
As = 1,579.5 mm2 + 1,979.51 mm2 Use the above computed reinforcement:
As = 3,559.01 mm2 3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression
3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension
 0.85(20.1)(0.85)600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278)
ρmax =0.027

Use: ρ = 90% of ρmax or 50% ρb

ρ = 90% of ρmax
ρ = 90% (0.027)
ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1

Compute for moment capacity of

concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (250) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 86,274,466.2 N.mm
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE M1 = 86.274 kN.m
BEAM AT 2ND FLOOR Compute for ultimate moment:
W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
Beam # 10 Wu = 1.2(11.91kN/m) + 1.6 (39.06kN/m)
Height: 325 mm Wu= 76.788 kN/m
Base: 250 mm
2
Span: 4.5 meters Wu L
Concrete cover: 40mm Mu = = 76.788 ¿ ¿= 194.37 kN.m
8
Depth: 260 mm
fy : 278 MPa Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
f’c = 20.1 MPa compression.
Loadings:
Live Load kN/m Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
Load from Slab: 36.34 M2 = Mu – M1
Wind Load 2.72 M2 = 194.37 – 86.274
Total 39.06 M2 = 108.096 kN.m

Dead Load kN/m Area of steel reinforcement for concrete-

Wall 10 steel couple:
Self-weight, Ws 1.91 As1 = ρbd
Total 11.91 As1 = (0.0243) (250) (260)
Compute for maximum steel ratio: As1 = 1,579.5 mm2
0.85 f ' cβ 600
ρmax =0.75 [ ] Compute for compressive stress of steel-
fy(600+fy)
steel couple:
 M2 1,979.51 mm
2
C2 = N= 2
=2. 80 say 3 pcs .
Ø( d−d ') mm
706.86
108.096× 106 pc
C2 = = 550,303.03 N
0.90(260−40) Test :
C2 = 550.303 kN 3 × 30 = 90
2 × 25 = 50
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 40 = 80
location of neutral axis from compression 220 < 225 mm; OK
extreme fiber:
A s 1 fy 1 ,579.5 (278) Compute for area of tension requirement:
a= = = 102.80 As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 250)
mm As = 1,579.5 mm2 + 1,979.51 mm2
a As = 3,559.01 mm2
a=βc ; c=
β
102.80 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
c= =120.94 mm Try: 36 mm Ø RSB
0.85
A36=π ¿ ¿
Determine whether compression steel
yields: 3,559.01m m2
N= =¿
fy 278 MPa mm
2
3.1 say 3 pcs.
𝜖y = = 1,017.88
Es 200,000 MPa pc
𝜖y = 0.00139 Test :
3 × 36 = 108
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2 × 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 250 > 244 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = = Check for ductility compression steel
c 120.94
𝜖s =0.00345 yields;
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(250) (260) + 1,979.51
Therefore: Tension steel yields As = 3,734.51> 3,559.01 OK
f’s = fs = fy
Check for steel ratio:
Compute for area of compressive steel 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
reinforcement: fy (600−fy) d
C 550.303× 103 A' s 1,979.51
A’s = 2 = ρ' = = = 0.03045
fy 278 bd (250)(260)
A’s = 1,979.51 mm2 As 3,734.51 mm2
ρ= = =0.0 5745
bd (250)(260)
Assign bars to compute number of pieces: 0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
Try: 30 mm Ø RSB ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy) d
A30 =π ¿ ¿
0.0 5745−0.03045 > Load from Slab: 18.17
0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600) Weight of Stairs 35.39266
278 ( 600−278 ) (260) Wind Load 2.72
0.027 ¿0.0150 Total 56.28266

ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ' Dead Load kN/m

ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.03045 Wall 10
ρmax .= 0.06113 Self-weight, Ws 23.6285
0.05745 ¿ 0.02797 Total 33.6285
Compute for maximum steel ratio:
Use the above computed reinforcement: 0.85 f ' cβ 600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
3-30 mm Ø RSB for compression fy(600+fy)
3-36 mm Ø RSB for tension
0.85(20.1)(0.85)600
ρmax =0.75 [ ]
278(600+278)
ρmax =0.027

Use: ρ = 90% of ρmax or 50% ρb

ρ = 90% of ρmax
ρ = 90% (0.027)
ρ = 0.0243

Compute for strength ratio:

ρfy 0.0243(278)
ꞷ= = = 0.34
f 'c 20.1
Compute for moment capacity of
concrete-steel couple:
M1 = Øf’cbd2ꞷ (1 – 0.59w)
M1 = (0.90) (20.1) (260) (260)2 (0.34) [1 –
0.5(0.34)]
M1 = 89,725,444.85 N.mm
M1 = 89.725 kN.m
DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE Compute for ultimate moment:
BEAM AT 2ND FLOOR W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
Wu = 1.2(33.6285kN/m) + 1.6
Beam # 13 (56.28266kN/m)
Height: 325 mm Wu= 130.4064 kN/m
Base: 260 mm
Span: 4.5 meters W u L2
Mu = = 130.4064 ¿ ¿= 330.0912 kN.m
Concrete cover: 40mm 8
Depth: 260 mm
fy : 278 MPa Mu > M1, beam require reinforcement for
f’c = 20.1 MPa compression.
Loadings:
Live Load kN/m Moment capacity of steel-steel couple:
M2 = Mu – M1
M2 = 330.0912 – 89.725 Therefore: Tension steel yields
M2 = 240.3662 kN.m f’s = fs = fy

Area of steel reinforcement for concrete- Compute for area of compressive steel
steel couple: reinforcement:
As1 = ρbd C 1213.70× 103
As1 = (0.0243) (260) (260) A’s = 2 =
fy 278
As1 = 1,642.68 mm2 A’s = 4,365.83 mm2

Compute for compressive stress of steel- Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
steel couple: Try: 40 mm Ø RSB
M2 A 40=π ¿ ¿
C2 =
Ø( d−d ') 4,365.83 mm
2
N= =3.0 say 3 pcs .
240.3662× 106 mm
2
C2 = = 1,213,970.70 N 1 , 256.64
0.90(260−40) pc
C2 = 1213.970 kN Test :
3 × 40 = 120
Thickness of compression block and 2 × 25 = 50
location of neutral axis from compression 2 × 40 = 80
extreme fiber: 250 < 260 mm; OK
A s 1 fy 1 , 642.68(278)
a= = = 102.80
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.1)( 26 0) Compute for area of tension requirement:
mm As = As1 + As2; A s 2=A ' s
a As = 1,642.68 mm2 + 4,365.83 mm2
a=βc ; c=
β As = 6,008.51 mm2
102.80
c= =120.94 mm
0.85 Assign bars to compute number of pieces:
Try: 40 mm Ø RSB
Determine whether compression steel A 4 0=π ¿ ¿
2
yields: 6,008.51m m
fy 278 MPa N= =¿
𝜖y = = mm2 3.05 say 3 pcs.
Es 200,000 MPa 1 , 590.43
pc
𝜖y = 0.00139 Test :
3 × 40 = 120
0.003(c−d ') 0.003(120.94−40) 2 × 28 = 56
𝜖’s = =
c 120.94 2 × 40 = 80
= 0.00201 260 > 256 mm; OK
𝜖’s = 0.00201> 0.00139
Therefore; compression steel yields
For tension:
0.003(d−c) 0.003(260−120.94)
𝜖s = =
c 120.94 Check for ductility compression steel
𝜖s =0.00345 yields;
𝜖s = 0.00345 > 0.00139 As = 0.75 ρb bd + A ' s
As = 0.027(260) (260) + 4,365.83
As = 6,191.03> 6,008.51 OK

Check for steel ratio:

0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy)d
A' s 4,365.83
ρ' = = = 0.06458
bd (26 0)( 260)
As 6,191.03 1 mm2
ρ= = =0.0 9158
bd (2 6 0)(260)
0.85 f ' cβd ' 600
ρ−ρ' >
fy (600−fy)d

0.0 9158−0.0 6458 >

0.85(20.1)(0.85)(40)(600)
278 ( 600−278 ) (260)
0.027 ¿0.0150

ρmax .=0.75 ρb+ ρ'

ρmax .= 0.027 + 0.06458
ρmax .= 0.09158
0.09158 ¿ 0.02797

Use the above computed reinforcement:

3-40 mm Ø RSB for compression
3-40 mm Ø RSB for tension