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WIRELESS CHARGING USING TESLA COIL

Conference Paper · November 2022

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 WIRELESS CHARGING USING
TESLA COIL
Abhijay Paliwal, Utpal Agrawal
School of technology, management and engineering, NMIMS
Indore

ABSTRACT: This paper intends to present the design of wireless charging using the Tesla coil.
There are two methods of electrical energy transmission - 1) is wired, and 2) is wireless. Wired
electric transmission is much complicated in design. An easy way to overcome this disadvantage
is to use wireless transmission. This project explains how the electrical energy is transferred
from a charging source to the receiver, without any wired physical connection. In this proposed
work, two coils are used; one is primary, and another is secondary, induction principle is used,
which creates the magnetic field. The Tesla coil can be used as a transmitter. This paper
proposed a simple and straightforward design which does not have ac voltage at the input.

Keywords: Tesla Coil, Transmitter, Wireless

1. INTRODUCTION The standard method of transferring electric energy is by using cables

and wires. However, this conventional way is insufficient, messy and has no robustness. The
daily use of electronic appliances increases the use of cables which creates a complicated
connection in daily life. The solution to this problem is wireless energy transfer. Air is the
only available media to transfer energy. A Tesla coil is an air-core resonant transformer which
generates a very high frequency, high voltage, and low alternating current. In 1891, Nikola
Tesla, a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, and a mechanical engineer unveiled
one of his most famous inventions, the "Tesla coil," a high-frequency transformer capable of
creating very high voltage at low current. Tesla invented his coil to transmit electricity
through air. He purposed using a few coils spread across the globe to transmit electrical
energy through the earth. Wherever power was needed, one would need only a receiving coil
to convert power into a useful form. Modern Tesla coil also uses a spark gap as well as
Transistor or Thyristor to drive resonant transformer.
Nikola Tesla started efforts on wireless transmission in 1891 at his “experimental station” at
Colorado [4]. A small incandescent resonant circuit, grounded on one end was successfully
lighted
 Figure 1:Wardenclyffe tower[4]

2. SYSTEM DESIGN: A solid-state Tesla coil usually has these key components:
• Power source - A.C or D.C
• Switching circuit- The circuits that make the Tesla coil work at the correct frequency and
duty cycle.
• The primary coil-The primary coil has been powered by the control circuitry and
generates the magnetic field that the secondary use to create the high voltage. It is the few
turns of thick wire at the base of the secondary coil.
• Secondary coil- The secondary coil (figure 5) is a long cylinder. It is PVC pipe covered by an
enamelled wire. One side has been connected to the ground; high voltage comes through the
other side.
• The Top load- The top load is the metallic object at the top of the secondary coil. It
provides a capacitance to the Tesla coil.
3. WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE: We propose
the use of new technology, based on strongly coupled magnetic resonance. It consists of a
transmitter, a current-carrying copper coil, which acts as an electromagnetic resonator and a
receiver, another copper coil of similar dimensions to which the device to be powered is
attached. The transmitter emits a non-radiative magnetic field resonating at KHz frequencies,
and the receiving unit resonates in that field. The resonant nature of the process ensures a
strong interaction between the sending and receiving unit, while interaction with the rest of
the environment is weak. The circuit diagram of the Mini Tesla Coil Project given below is
very simple. So let us understand how it works. The main component in this circuit is the
secondary coil,
Which is made by winding a
magnetic wire around a cylindrical object. A high current high-frequency MOSFET like IRF
540 is used to supply current through the primary coil. The whole set up is powered by a 20-
40V battery, as shown below. The positive end of the battery reaches the source of MOSFET
through the primary coil, and the drain is grounded. This means that whenever the MOSFET
conducts, the current is flown through the primary coil.

Fig.2: Tesla coil circuit diagram[2]

So, with this arrangement, we have a primary coil which would have an oscillating current and
hence would produce a carrying magnetic flux around it. Now, the coil is wound around the
secondary coil, and hence, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, the voltage
would be induced in the secondary coil. Since the number of turns in the secondary coil is vast
than the primary coil, this voltage would be very high and hence this coil would have a
powerful electric flux around it that is powerful enough to glow regular CFL bulbs and as used
in Wireless Power Transmission.
3.1 WINDING THE SECONDARY COIL: One crucial step in this project is winding the
secondary coil. It is a time-consuming process. First of all, we would need a magnetic coil, The
thinner the wire is, the better the results would be. A non-conducting, cylindrical object is needed
to wind up the coil. PVC pipes, cardboard roll, could be used. The diameter of the cylinder could
be anywhere between 5 cm to 10 cm, and the height should be at least 10 cm. The longer the
object is the number of turns it can fit in. Automatic wireless charging point in the office, home
and vehicles use such kind of coil for wireless charging.

Fig 3: Secondary and primary coils[2].

4. Mathematical modelling in Tesla coil

4.1 CONDITION FOR RESONANCE IN PRIMARY AND

SECONDARY WINDING
To produce the largest output voltage, the primary and secondary coils are adjusted
to resonate with each other.The resonant frequency of the primary and secondary
circuits are taken as f1
and f2, these are determined by the inductance and capacitance in each circuit for
Tesla coil

As the secondary is not adjustable, so the primary circuit is tuned, usually by a

moveable tap on the primary coil L1, until it resonates at the same frequency as the
secondary

Thus the condition for resonance between primary and secondary is

The resonant frequency of Tesla coils is in the low radio frequency range, usually
between 50 kHz and 1 MHz.
4.2.OUTPUT VOLTAGE

In a resonant transformer, the high voltage is produced by resonance. Let all of the
energy in the primary circuit W1 is stored in the primary capacitor C1 and V1 is
the voltage, the energy is

During the "ring up" this energy is transferred to the secondary circuit. Although
some are lost as heat in the spark and other resistances, in modern coils, over 85%
of the energy ends up in the secondary coil. At the peak (V2) of the secondary
sinusoidal voltage waveform, all the energy in the secondary (W2) is stored in the
capacitance C2 between the ends of the secondary coil

Assuming no energy losses, W1 = W2. Substituting into this equation

and simplifying, the peak secondary voltage is

The second formula above is derived from the first using the resonance
condition L1C1 = L2C2
5. Need for Wireless Power Transmission
Wireless transmission is employed in cases where instantaneous or continuous
energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or
impossible (figure 3).

Fig 4: Interconnected wires[2].

6 ISSUES REGARDING CURRENT NEAR FIELD

CHARGING-
There are several other issues with near-field charging that need to be addressed,
such as-

1) Longer charging times

2) Reduced efficiency ~60-70%

3) high manufacturing costs

4) higher energy consumption which could lead to increased production

costs of electricity
 5) residual electromagnetic waves- a potential health risk

6) Devices heat up faster compared to traditional adapters > energy/heat

waste
7) Higher probability of software updates causing bugs

7. FUTURE ASPECTS OF WIRELESS

CHARGING
There is a bright future for the research yet the implementation for wireless
charging appliances used in our daily needs.Wireless charging could transform
our lives in a much better way. This technology could make charging of
appliances such as cell phones and Laptops hassle free without any use of an
single chord,yet there are huge milestones to accomplish and many revolutionary
researches to be done in this topic and it could be the pavement for our bright
future

8. CONCLUSION
The idea of the wireless transmission of power was made by the Nikola Tesla. He
had plans to construct large tesla coils across the globe to induce electricity
wirelessly without any intervention of physical media such as wires or cables
The wireless transmission of electric power is now possible. The electrical
energy can be transmitted from the source to the load. As the distance of flux is
directly proportional to the number

of turns,the distance of wireless power transmission can be extended further The

prototype model is designed can supply 5 Watt bulb for the distance 10 cm. By
increasing the no of turns, the distance can be increased. The proposed model is a
simple, effective design to realize the wireless electric, transmission.
 9. References
[1]P.L.Chavan , Abhishek Kachare , Rohini Bhalawane , Priynka Jagtap , Ganesh Patil, Rahul
Jadhav. TESLA COIL WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
ISSN 2278 – 0882

[2]Benard Mumo Makaa Wireless Power Transmission using Solid State

Tesla Coils Sustainable Research and Innovation(SRI) Conference
6 - 8 May 2015

[3]Arjun Sharma, “Application of Wireless Power Transfer for Home Appliances using
Inductive Resonance Coupling” oct 14. International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology (IJETT) – Volume 16 Number 4 – Oct 2014.

[4]Wardenclyffe Tower, copyright Alan Bellows

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