Well log analysis for reservoir characterization

Well log is one of the most fundamental methods for reservoir characterization, in
oil and gas industry, it is an essential method for geoscientist to acquire more
knowledge about the condition below the surface by using physical properties of
rocks. This method is very useful to detect hydrocarbon bearing zone, calculate the
hydrocarbon volume, and many others. Some approaches are needed to characterize
reservoir, by using well log data, the user may be able to calculate:

shale volume (Vsh)

water saturation (Sw)

porosity (φ)

permeability (k)

elasticity (σ, AI, SI, etc.)

reflectivity coefficient (R)

Well Loggin • Well Logging is a technique to collect data f r om the borehole to

determine subsurface formations' physical properties. Also known as wireline
logging, it is an indirect method of evaluation, as there is no direct contact with
the formations. The technique allows us to determine the reservoir properties of
rocks present beneath the surface of the Earth. Well logging is a key technique
used in the exploration of minerals and O&G.

Applications of Well Logging: Well Logging has a wide range of applications from
mining to oil and gas exploration. The technique is also used for groundwater
exploration. The method has majorly following applications: • Well logs are used to
determine Facies and Depositional Environment • Lithofacies Analysis using well log
data and seismic sections. • Well log can provide quantitative richness of organic-
rich formations, which can be used to determine Organic Carbon and Source Rocks. •
The technique is also used to determine Abnormal Pressure Detection and Evaluation
in drilling to avoid unwanted kicks. • Exploration of Coalbed Methane, Shale Oil,
Heavy Oil, Shale Gas, Coal and Tar Sands. • Logging can also be used to determine
the strength and quality of

What information does logging tools bring ? The logging tools are designed to
bring the various type of information required for formation evaluation by
geoscientists. This may range from physical to chemical and structural information
about the subsurface formations. Some of the major information that can be revealed
from the well logging techniques are
Characteristics of Rock : It means one can determine the porosity, permeability,
and saturation of rocks, to evaluate the volumetric space, where the hydrocarbons
or minerals are accumulated

Composition of Rocks : It means geologists can determine the type of rock present
at a specific depth. Either, it's shale, sandstone or limestone.

Saturation : The Petro physicists can find the amount of saturation, which means
the void space volume that is accommodated by liquids.

The trajectory of the Borehole : The technique can also tell us about the size,
shape and trajectory of the borehole.

The integrity of Rocks : In addition to all the above advantages, the technique is
well versed to identify caving's and other structural weaknesses along the wall of
the borehole, which may lead to various potential borehole problems.