BIO

THE CIRCULATION SYSTEM

There are 2 circuits in the circulatory system:

- The pulmonary circuit
- The systemic circuit

1. THE PULMONARY CIRCUIT:

- In all vertebrates, the pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system.
Deoxygenated blood is returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart,
where it is pushed out to the lungs via the right ventricle. The blood is oxygenated in
the lungs and then returns to the left atrium to complete the circuit.
- The systemic circulation is the other part of the circulatory system, which begins
with receiving oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation into the left atrium.
The oxygenated blood from the atrium enters the left ventricle, where it is pumped
out to the rest of the body before returning to the pulmonary circulation as
deoxygenated blood.
-The pulmonary arteries and veins are the blood vessels of the pulmonary
circulation.
-The bronchial circulation is a distinct circulatory circuit that provides oxygenated
blood to the tissue of the lung's major airways.
- Structure:
Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the
heart deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the
pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the
tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle. Blood is then
pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main
pulmonary artery.

2. The systemic circuit:

 -The systemic circulation ensures that all body tissues receive adequate blood
supply. It transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells while also collecting carbon
dioxide and trash. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood from the arteries to
the capillaries in the body's tissues, which is known as systemic circulation. The
deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart via a system of veins
from the tissue capillaries.

-The only vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the coronary arteries.
The aortic arch gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left
subclavian arteries. The internal carotid and vertebral arteries provide blood
circulation to the brain. The blood supply for the upper extremities is provided by
the subclavian arteries. From the abdominal aorta, the celiac, superior mesenteric,
suprarenal, renal, gonadal, and inferior mesenteric arteries branch to nourish the
abdominal viscera. The muscles and spinal cord receive blood from the lumbar
arteries. The blood supply for the lower extremity is provided by branches of the
external iliac artery. The pelvic viscera is supplied by the internal iliac artery.