DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, MANGALURU-575028

SIMULATION ASSIGNMENT
REPORT

“3D Pattern of Rectangular Aperture”

Course : Microwave and Antennas

Course Code : 18EC63

Academic Year : 2022-23

Semester/Section : VI A

Name : Anushree G Maralihalli

USN : 4SO20EC020
Aim:
To write a program to plot 3-D pattern of Rectangular Apertures as a function of
the independent variables vx, vy, for aperture dimensions a = 8λ and b = 4λ

Software required: MATLAB

Theory:
For a continuous rectangular aperture, a sinc(xd/λz) is the theoretically predicted
pressure distribution, where sinc(a) equals sin(πa)/(πa), λ is the acoustic wavelength,
z is the depth, d is the width of the array, and x is the lateral coordinate in the focal
plane.The Huygens Fresnel principle analysis can be applied to the prediction of a
field from a solid rectangular aperture, which is the same outer shape as most linear
and phased array transducers. These aperture shapes will be helpful in anticipating
the fields of arrays. Predictions will be only for a single frequency, yet they will provide
insights into the characteristics of beams from any rectangular aperture radiating
straight ahead along the beam axis. Here, relations for fields from line sources are
derived to clarify the main features of an ultrasound field. For example, a line source
can be used to simulate the field in an azimuth or xz imaging plane. Two orthogonal
line apertures can be applied to simulate a rectangular aperture.

Expressions:

and F(z) is the Fresnel integral of negative argument.

Far from the aperture, the quadratic phase terms in Equation are negligible, and the
pressure at a field point is simply the plus i Fourier transform of the aperture
distribution, as:
Code:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a = 8; b = 4;
[theta,phi] = meshgrid(0:1:90, 0:9:360);
theta = theta*pi/180; phi = phi*pi/180;
vx = a*sin(theta).*cos(phi);
vy = b*sin(theta).*sin(phi);
E = abs((1 + cos(theta))/2 .* sinc(vx) .* sinc(vy));
surfl(vx,vy,E);
title("KRISHA")
shading interp; colormap(default(16));

Expected output:
Observations:

Inference:
Program to plot 3D Pattern of Rectangular Aperture as a function of the
independent variables vx,vy for aperture dimensions a = 8λ and b = 4λ is written and
the output is verified.