SANDIPANI ACADEMY

PENDRI (MASTURI) BILASPUR (C.G.)

MICRO TEACHING
ON
SPECIMEN

SUBJECT - NURSING EDUCATION

TOIPC – MICRO TEACHING ON SPECIMEN

NAME OF TEACHER – MS. PRERNA PAIK

DURATION – 20 MIN.

LANGUAGE – ENGLISH

DATE –

TIME –

METHOD OF TEACHING – LECTURE AND DISCUSSION

A. V. AIDS – PPT

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE - STUDENTS HAVE SLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ON ABOUT SPECIMEN.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE :- At the end of the presentation the students will be able to gain knowledge about specimen.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :- At the end of the class the students will be able to-

 Introduce the term of specimen.

 Define the term of specimen.
 Enlist the purpose of specimen collection.
 Explain the principles of specimen collection.
 Enumerate the general characteristics of specimen collection.
 Discuss the types of specimen collection.
 Describe the nurse’s responsibilities for specimen collection.
S.NO. TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING A. V. EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS

1. 2min. To Introduce INTRODUCTION:- Lecture Listening LCD How will you

the term of introduce the
specimen. Proper collection of specimen is important term
to maximize the outcome of laboratory specimen?
test for diagnosis of infectious disease
A variety of laboratory test can be
performed to make a presumptive or
definitive diagnosis so that therapy can
begin
Prompt and correct collection of
specimen can directly affect a client’s
diagnosis. Most often , the nurse is the
sole responsible person for the collection
2. 2min. of specimens. Discussion Listening LCD
Define the
term
To define the DEFINITION:- specimen?
term of
specimen. According to I Clement, “ Specimen is
defined as collection of a required amount
of tissue or fluid for laboratory
examination.”
 According to SR. Nancy, “ Specimen is
3. 2m defined as a small quantity of a substance Discussion Listening LCD
min. or object which shows the kind and What are the
quality of the whole { sample}.” purpose of
specimen?
To enlist the
purpose of PURPOSE:-
specimen.
 To make diagnosis and to help in
treatment .
 To note progress or recess of a
disease.
 To observe the effects of special
treatment and drugs .
 To assess the general health of the
patient .
4. 1 min.  To investigate the nature of the Lecture Listening LCD
disease. What are the
 To aid the doctor in diagnosis and principles of
the specimen?
treating the disease.
To explain the
principle of
PRINCIPLES:-
specimen.
 Contaminated and improperly collected
 specimens will produce false results
which will adversely affect the diagnosis
and treatment of patient .
 Specimen allowed to stand at room
temperature for a long time will give false
result due to decompositionof specimen
multiplication of undesirable bacteria and
destruction of pathogenic bacteria.
 Blood chemistry isn’t uniform through
out the day. It varies with the food
intake .
 The accuracy and reliability of findings Lecture LCD
5. 2 min. depend upon the correct method Listening
collection. Transportation of the What are the
specimen to the laboratory and recording general
of reports. characteristics
 Inaccurate results may lead the physician of specimen
in wrong diagnosis and treatment of collection?
To enumerate patients.
the general  Specimens serve as media for
characteristics transmission of diease producing
of specimen organisms to the personnel who handle
collection. them carelessly.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS :-

 Provide adequate explanation

regarding collection of specimen.
  Ask patient to wash the external
genital area with soap and water
then rinse with water alone before
collecting urine specimen.
 Equipment used for the collection of Lecture LCD
6. 2min. specimen should be clean and dry. Listening
 No antiseptic should be present in
the specimen bottle. What are the
 As far as possible morning specimen types of
specimen
To explain the should be collected . collection?
types of  Specimen should be always be fresh
specimen for the laboratory examination.
collection.  Bacteria multiply in the room
temperature so, the specimen which
are not tested immediately should be
kept in the refrigerator , because
cold temperature inhibits the growth
of bacteria.

TYPES OF SPECIMEN COLLECTION:-

1. BLOOD CULTURE –
 Specimen obtained by venipunctured are
preferred over sampling from vascular
 catheters unless testing for a central line
infection.
 Timing is determined by the patient’s
clinical condition and should be indicated
by the ordering clinician.

2. URINE CULTURE-
 A clean – catch midstream urine
collection provides the best method for
obtaining a specimen to detect a UTI.
 Patients who are catherized should have
the specimen withdrawn using a sterile
syringe from the catheter sampling port.

3. STOOL CULTURE-
 Patient should defecate into a sterilized
container or bedpan. Stool specimen
should not contain urine or water from
the toilet bowl.
 Obtained to culture organism that are
not part of the normal flora. Eg
salmonella , shigella , rotavirus etc.

4. SPUTUM CULTURE- Lecture LCD

7. 2min  Specimen needs to be from the lower Listening
respiratory tract , not oropharyngeal
secretions .
 The laboratory will perform a Gram What are the
 stain on all sputum specimen to nurses
determine if they are representative of responsibilitie
To describe pulmonary secretions. s for specimen
the nurse’s collection?
5. WOUND CULTURE-
responsibilitie
 Specimen are cultured for aerobic and
s of specimen
anaerobic organisms.
 Using a sterile swab supplied by the
laboratory , collect as much exudates as
possible from the advancing margin of
the lesson.

6. THROAT CULTURE-
 Use a tongue depressor to hold the
tongue down.
 Carefully yet firmly rub swab over areas
of exudates or over the tonsils and
posterior pharynx, avoiding the checks,
teeth and gums.
 Insert swab into packet and follow
directions for handling the transport
medium.

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY:-

1) When preparing a client , nurse’s

explanation should be clear ,
straightforward and complete.
 2) The nurses typically reinforces the
physician’s explanation, confirm the clients
comprehension; and verifies that written
consent has been given whenever necessary.
3) Nurse must see that they use proper safety
measures to protect themselves from any
type of harm.
4) The container should be clean, dry , sterile
and wide mouth for collecting the specimen.
5) Soon after the collection of the specimen it
must be documentated in the client’s record.

S RECAPTULIZATION

1. What are the points in definition of specimen collection ?

2. What are the purposes for specimen collection?
3. What are the principles for specimen collections?
4. How many types of specimen collection?
5. What are the nurse’s responsibilities for specimen collection?
SUMMARY

So far we have discuss about the specimen collection is a variety of laboratory test can be performed to make a presumptive
or definitive diagnosis so that therapy can begin. It is defined as according to I.Clement ,”specimen is a collection of a
required amount of tissue or fluid for laboratory examination”. Its purpose is to make diagnosis and to help in treatment.
The accuracy and reliability of findings depend upon the correct method collection. Types of specimen collection is blood
culture, urine culture, stool culture, sputum culture, wound culture and throat culture. Nurses must see that they use proper
safety measures to protect themselves from any type of harm.

CONCLUSION

At the end we conclude our topic as , proper collection of specimen is important to maximize the outcome of laboratory test
for diagnosis of infectious disease. A variety of laboratory test can be performed to make a presumptive or definitive
diagnosis so that therapy can begin. Most often , the nurse is the sole responsible person for the collection of specimen.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. JACOB ANNAMMA;-“CLINICAL NURSING PROCEDURES : THE ART OF NURSING PRACTICES” 3 RD

EDITION PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE BROTHERS PAGE NO.17-45.
2. SWAMINATHAN K:-“PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS FOR NURSES” 2ND EDITION PUBLISHED BY JYPEE
BROTHERS PAGE NO. 401
3. CLEMENT I :-“TEXTBOOK OF NURSING FOUNDATION” 3RD EDITION PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE
BROTHERS PAGE NO. 385S
4. MOSBY:-“FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING” 7TH EDITION PUBLISHED ELSEVIER INDIAN PRIVATE
LIMITED BY PAGE NO. 667
5. NANCY SR:- “PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF NURSING” 6TH EDITION PUBLISHED BY N.R.
PUBLISHING HOUSE PAGE NO. 185