Sampler Manual

PDS / OPS Sampler - Operating instructions
Positive Displacement Sampler PDSshort

One Phase Sampler OPS
Operating instructions
Picture Courtesy of the Petroleum Engineering Department

at the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
Sampling
short
The Positive Displacement Sampler PDS and the One Phase
Sampler OPS provides representative samples of well fluid
which can be transferred to sample bottles without using
mercury.
Contents
1 General Safe Handling Procedures................................................. 5
2 The Sampler................................................................................. 6
2.1 Safe Handling Procedures..................................................... 6
2.2 Description of the Sampler................................................... 8
2.2.1 Positive Displacement Sampler PDS ....................... 8
short

2.2.2 One Phase Sampler................................................. 10
2.3 Specification of the Sampler............................................... 11
2.3.1 Positive Displacement Sampler................................. 11
2.3.2 One Phase Sampler................................................. 11
2.4 Schematic of the Sampler................................................... 12
2.4.1 PDSshort Sampler....................................................... 12
2.4.2 OPS Sampler........................................................... 13
2.5 Assembly Drawings and Inventory...................................... 14
2.6 Operating Tools and Accessories......................................... 24
2.7 O-Ring Seal and Back-up Ring Redress Kits......................... 29
2.7.1 PDSshort Sampler....................................................... 29
2.7.2 OPS Sampler........................................................... 29
2.8 Optional Tools and Accessories........................................... 30
3 The Transfer Bench..................................................................... 31

3.1 Safe Handling Procedures................................................... 31
3.2 Description of the Transfer Bench....................................... 32
3.3 Specification of the Transfer Bench..................................... 32
3.4 Schematics of the Transfer Bench....................................... 33
4 The Nitrogen Booster Station...................................................... 38

4.2 Description of the Nitrogen Booster.................................... 40
4.3 Specification of the Nitrogen Booster.................................. 40
4.4 Schematics of the Nitrogen Booster.................................... 41
4.5 Accessories........................................................................ 41
5 The Sample Cylinders.................................................................. 42

5.2 Description of the Sample Cylinders....................................44
5.2.1 Cylinder type 600....................................................44
5.2.2 Cylinder type one phase 600...................................44
5.3 Specification of the Sample Cylinders.................................. 45
5.4 Assembly Drawing............................................................. 46
5.4.1 Cylinder type 600.................................................... 46
5.4.2 Cylinder type one phase 600................................... 47
5.6 O-Ring Seal and Back-up Ring Redress Kits......................... 49
2 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG

6 Quick start................................................................................. 50
6.1 Before Sampling................................................................. 50
6.2 Running Procedure............................................................. 50
6.3 Preventing Tool Failure........................................................ 56
6.3.1 PDSshort operation..................................................... 56
6.3.2 OPS operation......................................................... 58
7 Preparation for Running the Sampler........................................... 60

7.1 Piston Sample Chamber...................................................... 60
7.2 Assemble of the OPS section.............................................. 68
7.3 Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple....................................... 75
7.4 Flow Regulator Selection.................................................... 76
7.5 Air Chamber...................................................................... 78
7.6 Shuttle Mechanism Assembly............................................. 80
7.7 Priming the Sampler........................................................... 82
7.8 Filling the N2 Chamber........................................................ 84
7.9 Setting the Clock................................................................ 85
8 Transfer Bench Assembly and Preparation of Sample Cylinder...... 88

8.1 Set up the Transfer Bench................................................... 88
8.2 Pre-charging the Sample Cylinder....................................... 90
9 The Transfer............................................................................... 96
9.1 Preparing the Transfer........................................................ 96
9.2 Determination of the opening pressure............................. 100
9.3 Transfer procedures.......................................................... 102
9.4 Transfer Control............................................................... 104
10 Bubble Point Analysis................................................................ 105
11 Rigging Down.......................................................................... 107

11.1 Rigging down after transfer.............................................. 107
11.2 Transfer Bench Rigging Down........................................... 108
12 Periodic Checks at the Workshop...............................................110

12.1 Shuttle Mechanism Assy....................................................110
12.2 Relief Valve ......................................................................112
12.3 Clock................................................................................113
12.4 Anti-Premature Closing Assembly......................................114
12.5 Flow Regulator..................................................................115
12.6 Sample Chamber Assy Pressure Test Procedure..................116
12.7 Well Simulating Test..........................................................117
12.8 Function Test of Fully Assembled Sampler (Pneumatic).......119
12.9 Transfer Bench Pressure Test Procedure............................. 122
12.10 Cylinder Maintenance and Cleaning.................................. 122
13 Exploration Well Sampling........................................................ 124
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 3

General
This operating manual provides instructions on how to use this product

properly, effectively and safely to the intended purpose. Please, do
read all instructions, notes on danger and warning attentively. Please
follow all safety hints and precaution notes in order to avoid damages
to people or property during the work process. LEUTERT cannot be
responsible for damages or injuries resulting from unsafe product use,
incorrect product operation or lack of maintenance.
The operating manual is directed mainly to technically trained personnel.

In case of uncertainty regarding the safety hints or the operation,
please do not hesitate to contact LEUTERT for help. Should you notice a
faulty description or depiction or if you would like to point out hints for
improvement, we are looking forward to hearing from you.
Please keep the operating instructions near the product to have it

available if needed. Make sure that the instructions are protected from
dirt and moisture.
Explanation of the different symbols:
DANGER
Immediate danger is possible causing severe injuries or even death if
you do not follow the instructions given.
WARNING
If you do not follow the warning, dangerous situations may occur
leading to severe injuries or even death.
CAUTION
Follow the instructions carefully, otherwise dangerous situations may
occur leading to injuries or damages to property.
NOTICE
Please follow the recommendations and instructions for a correct and
flawless operation of the device or measuring system.

1 General Safe Handling Procedures

While handling the following items, always take into consideration that
you are operating with high pressure. Its danger is related to the energy
enhanced in the pressurised fluid. This energy varies depending on the
volume, pressure and characteristics of the fluid. Due to the fact that
the compressibility of liquids is low, the enhanced energy is relatively
small.
Pressure vessels containing gas enhance a very high energy. Damaged

gas cylinders might break apart. Exploding gas cylinders can orbit
several hundred meters driven by the gas spraying out of the cylinder.
Further danger comes from parts flying around.
As crude oil always contains gas, anyone using this product must be
thoroughly familiar with these instructions and other applicable product
instructions and manuals. According to this norm maintenance, repair
and/or reconditioning shall be performed by LEUTERT trained personal
only.
Standard Operating Procedures for processes or procedures which use

corrosive, toxic or highly toxic gases such as H2S shall be developed that
include emergency response actions. All involved employees shall be
trained on the contents of these procedures.
Finally all users must comply fully with all local laws, rules or regulations
in force.
DANGER:
Do not use flammable gases near to ignition sources. Ignition

sources include open flames, sparks, and sources of heat,
oxidizing agents and ungrounded or not intrinsically safe
electrical or electronic equipment.
Flames shall not be used for detecting leaks. A compatible leak

detection solution shall be used.
Use spark proof tools when working with or on a flammable

compressed gas cylinder or system.
Do not smoke near the following equipment.
WARNING:
Safety shoes are required when operating or moving the

following equipment.
Safety glasses are required if pressure equipment is in use.

Never allow the equipment to become part of an electrical

circuit.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be available for fire emergencies.

The fire extinguisher must be compatible with the apparatus
and the materials in use.
The tool should be set up in an area set aside for the purpose
where only technicians engaged on the operation have access,
all safety guidelines pertaining to pressure testing of hydraulic
units should apply.
Care must be taken when testing/priming the following

equipment that all seals and fittings are original and have been
checked and periodically pressure tested.
Access doors to areas which use or store flammable gases shell

be posted “ No open flames”.
CAUTION:
Open valves only to the point where fluid can flow into the
system at the necessary pressure. This will allow for quicker
shutoff in the event of a failure or emergency.
2 The Sampler
2.1 Safe Handling Procedures
DANGER:
The Posi-Lock Pin should NOT be used for pressure or direct

force retention, as it was only designed to combat gravity, well
vibration and indicate the position of the Needle Valve Body.
The Air Chamber pressure must be bled down before removing

the Air Chamber.
The N2 gas pressure must be bled down before removing the

OPS section.
WARNING:
Before commencing the transfer process the Safe Lock Assembly

should be checked for engagement. This is critical as serious
injury could result and/or the loss of sample during transfer.

The difference between the Nose Cone and the Transfer Lock
should be recognized. While the Nose Cone prevents the Needle
Valve Assembly moving out of the Sample Chamber prior to
running, the Transfer Lock when fitted prevents movement of
the Needle Valve Body after a sample has been taken, essential
for safety when pressurizing or transferring a sample.
The Sampler should be handled with care avoiding any

mechanical shock whilst the system is under pressure. Therefore
the sample must not be transported within the Sample Chamber.
It has to be transferred into a proper sample transport cylinder
at the location.
CAUTION:
The Relief Valve within the Shuttle Assy should be regularly

checked by a hand-operated hydraulic pump. As the prime
pressure of the tool at surface temperature will increase on
exposure to downhole well temperature. The integrity of the
tool particularly the Shuttle Assy is protected by the Relief Valve.
When the tool is retrieved from the well it should be set up in an

area where only technicians engaged on the sampling job have
access.
Open the vent screw inside the Air Chamber immediately after
the Sampler is retrieved from well.
Open the Prime Port Valve and the Prime Port Plug located in
the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple Assy immediately after the
Sampler is retrieved from well. Make sure not to open the N2
Prime Port Valve and Plug.
Metals become brittle when used in corrosive gas service

such as H2S. Check equipment and lines frequently for leaks.
Disassemble the manifold after use and flush with dry air or
nitrogen.
For sampling wells with high H2S concentration special samplers

machined from Inconel are available.
The OPS section should be left connected to the sample

chamber assembly and must only be disconnected immediately
before transfer, therefore maintaining contact between sample
and the nitrogen charge and compensating any further pressure
change due to temperature change during transit.

2.2 Description of the Sampler
2.2.1 Positive Displacement Sampler PDSshort

short
The LEUTERT Positive Displacement Sampler PDS is a device for
taking down hole samples in oil wells.
Positive Displacement means that the synthetic fluid is replaced by the

well fluid. The purpose of the Tool is to provide high quality samples
which when analyzed at reservoir conditions may provide data vital for
the economic and technical evaluation of that reservoir. The Tool has
been designed to operate in all environments and consistently produce
representative samples regardless of well fluid or hostile conditions.
Premature sampling is prevented by a Floating Piston held at the bottom

of the Sample Chamber by a special synthetic oil under pressure in the
Air Chamber. The Piston is closing the inlet for the well fluid. When a
mechanical clock at the top of the Sampler has run the set time, the
Trigger Assembly arm drops into a cutaway in the clock cone allowing
the Shuttle Valve to move upwards exposing a port in the Shuttle
Assembly. The pressurized buffer fluid is then allowed to dump into the
Air Chamber, its rate being metered by the Flow Regulator Assembly.
As the Buffer pressure drops, the Floating Piston is pushed up the Rod
by well pressure and slowly draws in a sample. As the Floating Piston
bottoms out on the Premature Closing Assembly, the outer sleeve of
the assembly is raised allowing the locking balls to release. The central
core which is attached to the Rod moves upwards when the Floating
Piston fully bottoms out on the Premature Closing Assembly dragging
the Rod and Needle Valve Body Assy upwards. The O-Ring Protector
bottoms on the guide into the Sample Chamber and the Needle Valve
Body Assy slides the last part of its travel into the Sample Chamber.
After the second O-Ring has passed into the Sample Chamber the Posi-
Lock Pin springs out to lock the Sampler shut.
The transfer system allows the sample to be validated prior to despatch

to the PVT laboratory where it will be analyzed. The data from the
laboratory helps to determine such things as field development
programmes, oil and gas recovery factors, production forecasts
short
and design of production facilities. The PDS may also be used to
retrieve sub-surface samples of water. It is an improper tool to sample
condensates and gases.
The mechanical version of the Sampler is a wireline operated tool which

is activated by a mechanical clock. The Tool comprises of a Sample
Chamber, and Air Chamber and the mechanical firing device. Other
options available are:
– Surface firing through electric line.
– Pressure activated while run in a carrier integral with a tubing string

(DST).

When run on electric wireline it is only the top Sampler that is triggered
electrically, additional samplers are connected by a mechanical link that
is activated when the sampler above completes the sampling process.
As further option Leutert can supply a Gauge By-pass Carrier which

provides electrical connection to an electronic gauge with surface read-
out and simultaneously to the Sampler. The electronic trigger system
operates on the reverse polarity to the standard used to power and
read electronic gauges.
Running in combination with a gauge allows for the real time surface
read out of downhole pressure. When the well is deemed suitably
conditioned and ready for sampling, by the turn of a switch the polarity
of the electric line is reversed and the Sampler is activated to take a
sample. A positive indicator shows that the Sampler has been activated
and the switch is reversed to continue monitoring the pressure. The
operation to activate the Sampler takes only a matter of seconds so that
very little time is lost in the recording of the pressure readings.
The mechanical Tool may be run individually or in tandem with another.
There is an additional safety device which is fitted to the needle valve

body called the sure lock assembly which locks in the sample.
After the sampler is returned to surface the sample can be transferred

into any Piston Type Sample Cylinder by using the LEUTERT Transfer
Bench.

2.2.2 One Phase Sampler
While using the standard PDSshort sampler the sample will efficiently be
restored to original sub surface conditions by heating if the fluid has
a low heavy-component content. However, when the fluid contains
asphaltenes and paraffins in a colloidal dispersion state, and when these
products have been segregated, it is no longer possible to reintegrate
them into the fluid. In such a case, the properties of the fluid on which
the thermodynamic measures are taken in the laboratory do not any
longer exactly correspond to those of the fluid in the deposit. Therefore,
in such cases the sample must remain in monophasic condition during
the complete sampling process.
The OPS section may be attached to the LEUTERT PDSshort sampler in

order to keep a fluid in a monophasic state. The OPS section is filled
with compressed nitrogen gas prior to sampling. The OPS section is
fitted between the Sample Chamber and Air Chamber of the PDSshort.
The basic operation of the Sampler with OPS section fitted does not
change from that described for the PDSshort. However, once the Sample
Chamber is filled and the sample trapped, a Stinger assembly shuts
off the communication to the Air Chamber. Simultaneously, nitrogen
flow ports are exposed releasing the pressure of the Nitrogen gas to
act upon the top of the Floating Piston, thus maintaining the sample
above reservoir pressure as it cools during retrieval from the well. This
pressurized gas is allowed to act on the sample via a floating piston,
thus compensating the volume changes, and keeping the sample
pressure well above the dew point or bubble point at all times.
By this process the sample cannot go through any phase change due to
the lowering of temperature and subsequent shrinkage of the sample
as the Sampler is retrieved from the well.
The One Phase Sampler is the right tool to obtain gas condensate
samples.

2.3 Specification of the Sampler
2.3.1 Positive Displacement Sampler
Volume : 600 ccm

Max. operating pressure : 15,000 psi | 1034 bar
Test pressure : 22,500 psi | 1551 bar
Max. operating temperature : 360 °F | 180 °C
Length : 11.4 Ft | 3474 mm
Diameter : 1-11/16“ | 43 mm
Weight : 55 lbs | 25 kg
Top connection : 15/16-10 UN
Material : Seamless Stainless Steel according
to NACE MR-01-75 Bronze Alloy
2.3.2 One Phase Sampler
Volume : 600 ccm

Length : 15.25 Ft | 4648 mm
Diameter : 1-11/16“ | 43 mm
Material : Seamless Stainless Steel according
to NACE MR-01-75 Bronze Alloy

2.4 Schematic of the Sampler
2.4.1 PDSshort Sampler

Positive Displacement Sampler / Part No. 5300.11.00000
Clock
Trigger Mechanism
Shuttle Mechanism
Relief Valve
Air Chamber
Flow Regulator
Prime Port
Anti-Premature
Closing Assy
Sample Chamber
Travelling Piston
Transfer Port O-Ring Protector

Posi-Lock Pin Needle Valve
Fig. A Fig. B Fig. C

primed-ready to triggered-taking sample chamber
take sample sample filled and locked
closed
prime fluid
well fluid

2.4.2 OPS Sampler

One Phase Sampler / Part No. 5300.10.00000
nitrogen
prime fluid
Clock well fluid
Trigger Mechanism
Shuttle Mechanism
Relief Valve
Air Chamber
LEUTERT PDSshort
Flow Regulator
Prime Port
N2 Chamber
OPS section
N2 Prime Port
Anti-Premature
Closing Assy
Sample Chamber
Traveling Piston
O-Ring Protector LEUTERT PDSshort

Transfer Port
Posi-lock Pin Needle Valve
Save Lock
Fig. A Fig. B Fig. C

primed-ready to triggered-taking sample chamber
take sample sample filled and locked
closed

2.5 Assembly Drawings and Inventory

Sample Chamber Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.10000
Position of Flow
Regulator Prime
Port Nipple
Assembly in PDS
operation;
Not part of Sample
Chamber Assembly
Anti-Premature Closing
Assembly
5300.11.03000
Piston Assembly
5300.11.02000
Sample Chamber
5300.11.00003
Piston Rod
5300.11.00002
Needle Valve Body

Assembly
5300.11.01000
Locking Screw Split Collet Assembly

5300.10.00012 5300.10.00015
Safe Lock
5300.10.00011
Nose Cone
5300.11.00001

Split Collet Assembly / Part No. 5300.10.00015
Lock Spring
5300.11.01003
Split Collets Securing Screw

5300.10.00014 5300.10.00013
Lock Spring
5300.11.01003
Needle Valve Body Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.01000
O-Ring Protector
O-RingPA.202000 5300.11.01005
Back-up Ring
5300.11.01008
O-RingPA.041000
Transfer Port Plug
5300.11.01004
Back-up Ring
O-RingPA.041000 5300.11.01007
Posi-Lock Pin
5300.11.01006 Needle Valve
5300.11.01002
Lock Spring
5300.11.01003
Needle Valve Body
5300.11.01001

Piston Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.02000
Internal O-Ring Piston Pad

O-RingPA.092600 5300.11.02002
Internal
Back-up Ring
5300.11.02004
O-RingPA.202000
Back-up Ring
5300.11.02005
Piston
5300.11.02001
Back-up Ring
5300.11.02005
O-RingPA.202000
Anti-Premature Closing Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.03000
Ball
5300.11.03006
Ball Retainer
5300.11.03001
Brake Collet
5300.11.03002
Rod Connector
5300.11.03003
Compression Spring
5300.11.03005
Spring Retainer
5300.11.03004
Piston Rod
5300.11.00002

Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.04000
Protection Cap
5300.11.04004
O-RingPA.313500
O-RingPA.061600
Flow Regulator
Prime Port Valve Prime Port Nipple
5300.11.04002 5300.11.04001
Prime Port Plug
5300.11.04003
O-RingPA.313500
O-RingPA.021700 Back-up Ring (2x)
5300.0.11.01008
PDS:
O-RingPA.202000
OPS:
O-Ring 5300.10.00032
Flow Regulator Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.08000
Flow Regulator Body
No. I: 0.010”
5300.11.08003
No. II: 0.013”
5300.11.08004
No. III: 0.020” O-RingPA.183500
5300.11.08005
No. IV: 0.025”
5300.11.08006
Flow Regulator Piston

5300.11.08007 O-RingPA.121700
O-RingPA.061600
Flow Regulator End Cap

Back-up Ring
LARGE: 0.156” 5300.11.05004
5300.11.08001
SMALL: 0.062” O-RingPA.183500
5300.11.08002
Internal Circlip
SEEGR-RI.1903100
Filter Disc
5300.11.08008

OPS section / Part No. 5300.10.00020
Position of Flow
Regulator Prime
Port Nipple
Assembly in OPS
operation;
Not part of N2
Chamber Assembly
N2 Chamber Assy
5300.10.00025
N2 Prime Nipple
& Stinger Housing
Assembly
5300.10.00024

N2 Chamber Assembly / Part No. 5300.10.00025
Protection Plug
5351.98.01001
N2 Chamber
5300.10.00001
N2 Chamber Tube
5300.10.00002
Back-up Ring (2x)

5300.11.01008
O-Ring
5300.10.00032
Retaining Ring
5300.11.05003
N2 Chamber Plug
5300.10.00003
O-Ring O-Ring (2x)
5300.10.00031 5300.10.00029
Back-up Ring (2x) Back-up Ring (2x)
5300.11.05004 5300.10.00018

N2 Prime Nipple & Stinger Housing Assembly / Part No. 5300.10.00024
O-Ring
5300.10.00028
Prime Port Valve

5300.11.04002
O-Ring
5300.10.00026 O-RingPA.313500
Prime Port Plug

5300.11.04003 N2 Prime Nipple
5300.10.00004
Internal Circlip
SEEG-RI.0120100
O-RingPA.313500
N2 Valve Stem
5300.10.00005
Back-up Ring (2x)
5300.11.00019
O-Ring (2x)
5300.10.00027 O-Ring
5300.10.00033
Back-up Ring (4x)
5300.0.11.01007 N2 Release Stem
5300.10.00006
Back-up Ring (4x)
5300.10.00017 O-Ring (3x)
Back-up Ring (2x) 5300.10.00027
5300.11.01007
Fixed Plug
5300.10.00008
Back-up Ring
5300.10.00021
O-Ring
5300.10.00033
Stinger Housing
5300.10.00007
Stinger Back
5300.10.00010
O-RingPA.313500
Stinger Front
5300.10.00009
O-Ring
5300.10.00032 O-Ring
5300.10.00028
Back-up Ring (2x)
5300.11.01008
Protection Cap
5300.98.00029
Back-up Ring
5300.10.00022
Fixed Plug O-Ring

5300.10.00008 5300.10.00030
Back-up Ring
5300.10.00022
Internal Circlip
SEEG-RI.1903200

Air Chamber Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.05000
Shuttle Mechanism
is not a part of Air
Chamber Assembly.
Air Chamber
5300.11.05001
Air Chamber Tube

5300.11.05100
Back-up Ring
5300.11.01008
ORINGPA.202000
Retaining Ring
Vent Screw 5300.11.05003
5300.11.05005
Back-up Ring
5300.11.05004
Air Chamber Plug ORINGPA.183500
5300.11.05002
Protection Plug
5351.98.01001

Shuttle Mechanism Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.06000
Protection Cap
5300.11.06012
O-RingPA.263500
Back-up Ring
5300.11.06014 Piston Valve System
5300.11.06004
O-RingPA.313500 (2x) Retaining Bush
5300.11.06003
Trigger Spring
Internal Circlip 5300.11.06005
SEEG-RI.0800800
Removal Bush
Setting Screw 5300.11.06011
5300.11.06002
O-RingPA.041000 (2x)
O-RingPA.021700
O-Ring-Spacer
5300.11.06010
Shuttle Nipple Body
5300.11.06001 Positioning Bush
5300.11.06009
Grub Screw 90° turned Retaining Screw
STSCHR6-4031600 5300.11.06008
Relief Valve System
5300.11.06006 O-RingPA.281000
Disc Spring Back-up Ring

5300.11.06015 5300.11.06013
Adjustable Grub Screw

5300.11.06007

Clock Housing Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.07000
Top Nipple
5300.11.07002
O-RingPA.313500 Clock 5 hrs

5300.51.00000
O-RingPA.263500 other clock ranges

available
Back-up Ring
5300.11.06014
Clock Protection Tube

5300.11.07200
Clock Chamber
5300.12.07001
Trigger Mechanism
Assembly
5300.11.07100
Winding Head 5 hrs
Protection Plug
5300.98.00028
Trigger Mechanism Assembly / Part No. 5300.11.07100
Pin
Lever Housing
Spring & Pin
9000.0.00.34202
ZSTIFTD00.0850
Lever Assembly
Stop Plate & Screw
Lever Support Screw
alternatively: Part No. 5100.0.11.01000 (not shown in this picture)

2.6 Operating Tools and Accessories / Part No. 5300.98.00014
5300.98.00013
Toolbox
SCHM-MAS.8156 SCHM-MSYN.0010
500 grs Nickel Anti-Seize 5 Ltrs Leusynth Oil
used in all threads buffer fluid used to prime tool
5371.98.02300 5300.98.00042
2 Ltrs Low Tox Safety Solvent 3 Ltrs Transfer Fluid
to remove dirt & crude oil for Transfer Bench reservoir & Piston Type Sample
Cylinders
9000.00.77208 SEEG-RI.0800800
Teflon Tape Internal Circlip 8 x 0.8
used to prevent setting screw from backing off
SEEG-RI.1903200 5300.11.01003
Internal Circlip 19 x 1 Lock Spring
used in Flow Regulator and Fixed Plug to energize the posi-lock pin and the split collets
5300.11.01006 STSCHR6-40316
Posi-Lock Pin Grubscrew
to locate needle valve body into sample chamber to prevent adjusting grubscrew from backing off

5300.11.06007 5300.11.06008
Adjustable Grubscrew Retaining Screw
used for setting relief valve to retain shuttle sealing assembly in place
5300.11.03006 5300.11.01005
Balls O-Ring-Protector
9000.00.88625 5311.98.00001
Plug O-Ring Sleeve (Piston Rod)
for protecting the internal O-Rings on the floating
piston when assembling with the piston rod
5311.98.00002 5311.98.00003
Posi-Lock Holder Push Rod and Setting Tool
to compress posi-lock pin to allow assembly (Posi-Lock Setting/ Piston Valve Stem)
pushes needle valve assembly into current position/
increases area of piston valve stem to allow setting
by hand
5311.98.00008 5311.98.00010
Filler Funnel Prime Port Spanner
holds measured amount of oil for filling sample opens/closes prime port valve
chamber
5311.98.00011 5311.98.00014
O-Ring Sleeve (Setting Screw) Retaining Fork
helps to dress small diameter O-Rings to prevent air chamber plug springing back into air
chamber

5311.98.00015 5311.98.00016
Small Extractor Large Extractor
to unscrew retaining bush for access to shuttle (Air Chamber Plug Retaining Ring)
spring and piston valve stem to form back-up ring on to unscrew retaining ring to access air chamber
needle valve for easy assembly
5311.98.00018 5311.98.00019
Disc Tool Piston Rod Clamp
for depressing the posi lock pin to hold piston rod while tighten needle valve body
and premature closing assembly
5311.98.00020 5311.98.00100
Cross Tool Transfer Port Adapter
removes needle valve assy from sample chamber Fluid connection from tool to sampler bottle valve
and chamber plug from air chamber adapter
9000.0.00.39312 9000.0.00.39344
Screwdriver (5 mm) OE Spanners (38 mm)
to fit setting screw to tighten and untighten the tube components
of the sampler
9000.0.00.39387 9000.0.00.39422
OE Spanners (3/8” * 7/16”) Reversible Circlip Plier
for use on all tool joints to fit circlips on choke/filter and setting screw

9000.0.00.39506 9000.0.00.39501
Brush O-Ring Lever
to clean threads from sand
9000.0.00.91504 5300.98.00023
Vacuum Hand Pump Safe Lock Tool
c/w reservoir, adapters & 1/8“ dia tube to keep the Safe Lock Collets compressed to fit into
the Safe Lock Assy
5300.98.00022 5300.98.00024
O-Ring Sleeve (N2 Release Stem) Transfer Lock
aids the fitting of the O-Rings onto the Nitrogen An additional safety device to back-up the Safe-Lock
Release Stem Assembly to prevent the Needle Valve from being
pushed out of the Sample Chamber.
9000.0.00.39402 9000.0.00.39388
Needle Valve Key OE Spanner (1/2”)
operates needle valve/transfer port/prime port plugs
and all grubscrew on transfer bench
9000.00.3940100 9000.0.00.39325
Allen Key (1/16”) Set of Files
for assembly of shuttle parts (metric and imperial)

9000.0.00.39334 5351.98.00015
Adjustable Pipe Wrench Tool Body Clamp
make up autoclave connections and plugs to hold sampler

2.7 O-Ring Seal and Back-up Ring Redress Kits
2.7.1 PDSshort Sampler / Kit Part No. 5311.98.03000

Item Qty Part No. Description
1 3 O-RingPA.021700 O-Ring
11 2 5300.11.01007 Back-up Ring
12 2 5300.11.02004 Back-up Ring
13 2 5300.11.02005 Back-up Ring
14 4 5300.11.05004 Back-up Ring
15 5 5300.11.01008 Back-up Ring
15 2 5300.11.06014 Back-up Ring
16 1 5300.11.06013 Back-up Ring
2.7.2 OPS Sampler / Kit Part No. 5300.98.00001

1 2 5300.10.00026 O-Ring
2 8 5300.10.00027 O-Ring
3 2 5300.10.00028 O-Ring
4 4 5300.10.00029 O-Ring
5 2 5300.10.00030 O-Ring
6 2 5300.10.00031 O-Ring
7 4 5300.10.00032 O-Ring
8 3 5300.10.00033 O-Ring
10 6 5300.11.01007 Back-up Ring
11 4 5300.10.00017 Back-up Ring
12 2 5300.10.00018 Back-up Ring
13 3 5300.11.05004 Back-up Ring
14 2 5300.10.00022 Back-up Ring
15 7 5300.11.01008 Back-up Ring
16 2 5300.10.00019 Back-up Ring
17 1 5300.10.00021 Back-up Ring
The above O-Rings and Back-up Rings are recommended for use
when CO2 and only a small amount of H2S are present. If high
quantity of H2S is present a special O-Ring and Back-up Ring Kit
is required. LEUTERT can supply such Kit which is resistant to
virtually all known fluids and combination of fluid.

2.8 Optional Tools and Accessories
5100.0.99.04000 5300.98.00005
Clock Maintenance Kit Flow Regulator Test Unit
5300.98.00010 5300.98.00052
Well Test Simulator Sand Filtration Sleeve
5361.01.00000 5361.02.00000
Heating Jacket for Sampler Heating Jacket for Cylinder
5300.98.00025 5300.98.00041
Tandem Firing Mechanism Maximum Thermometer

5300.98.00012 5300.98.00032
Tandem Nipple Knuckle Joint
3 The Transfer Bench
WARNING:
Do not remove the pre-set safety Rupture Disc.
Inspect the Transfer Bench visual before each usage to detect

any damage, cracks, corrosion or other defects.
Even if the manifold passes visual inspection its components

are still subject to failure. Therefore we strongly recommend
recertification through LEUTERT every five years.
Make sure that the related equipment of the Transfer Bench,

such as gauges, adapters, hoses, and cylinders are of proper
design regarding temperatures, pressures and flows. This has to
be taken into consideration before replacing or combining any
part.
Pressurize the bench / the system slowly and ensure that valve
outlets are pointed away from all personnel when opened.
Release pressure from systems before connections are tightened,

loosened or before any repairs.
CAUTION:
Make sure that valves are periodically re-packed or inspected.

Valves and regulator maintenance histories should be known
before usage.
Close all valves of the system which are currently not in use.
Remove all pressure from sections currently not used.

3.2 Description of the Transfer Bench
The Transfer Bench is of stainless steel construction with a boxed tube

framework. The LEUTERT Transfer Bench is designed to be used in
conjunction with the Positive Displacement Sampler and One Phase
Sampler, and the Piston Type Sample Cylinders. The purpose of the
Bench is to allow samples which are trapped in the Sample Chamber
of the Sampler to be transferred to a Shipping Bottle for transportation
to the P.V.T. Lab for analysis. The Sample must be monophasic and
homogeneous prior to transfer. The Transfer Bench allows a validation
to be carried out after the transfer to ascertain a bubble point and
comparison between samples.
3.3 Specification of the Transfer Bench

Dimensions : 18.5“ x 17“ x 13“ |
470 mm x 430 mm x 330 mm
Material : Stainless steel according to
NACE MR-01-75

3.4 Schematics of the Transfer Bench
TRANSFER FLUID
psi
psi
WELL FLUID
SECONDARY
GAUGE MAIN
psi
GAUGE
AIR PUMP
PRESSURE STROKE COUNTER
V8
OUTLET
PUMP
AIR SUPPLY FOR PUMP INLET
SAMPLER V6
CONSTANT
V1 TANK VOL. ASSY.
AIR OUTLET
V3 V7
AIR INLET
CYLINDER
V2 V4 V5
Schematic of Field Transfer Unit Showing Sample Transfer into Sample Bottle
V 1 isolates Sampler from bench

V 2 open only during transfer process
V 3 tank shut-off valve
V 4 when open: allows Cylinder to be pressurized;
when shut: isolates pump outlet from pump inlet during
transfer
V 5 isolates relevant part of system during bubble point
determination
V 6 isolates Cylinder from pump during bleeding of system
V 7 allows 2cc of transfer fluid to vent from system into constant
volume assy
V 8 allows 2cc of transfer fluid to vent from constant volume
assy during bubble point
Snubber to prevent damage to Main Gauge during transfer


Accessories Box / Part No. 5351.98.00003
Laminated piping schematic
Main Gauge Secondary Gauge

Part No. 5351.98.08000 Part No. 5351.98.09000

Prime Pump Assembly / Part No. 5351.98.04000
Sample Hose Assembly / Part No. 5351.98.00010

Prime Pump Hose Assembly / Part No. 5351.98.02000
Bottle/Bench Hose Assembly / Part No. 5351.98.03000

Air Hose Assembly / Part No. 5351.98.00001
Air Connection
5351.98.00002
Pistol
9000.0.00.39101
Gland
9000.0.00.88562
Collar
9000.0.00.88561
Adapter
5351.98.00027
Air Hose
5351.98.00014
5351.98.00015 5351.98.00024 & 5351.98.00025

Tool Body Clamp (2x) Bolt & Cylinder Holder
to hold sampler to attache sample cylinder to transfer bench
5351.0.98.06100 9000.00.84854
Clamp Holder (2x) Measuring Cup
to hold tool body clamps

4 The Nitrogen Booster Station
WARNING:
Use ear protection.
Watch out for orbiting ice crystals coming from the sound
absorber.
Do not use other gases than N2 to be compressed by the Booster.
Do not use compressed air with a pressure above 10 bars

(145 psi) to operate the booster.
Do not modify the Booster.
Do not remove the pre-set safety Rupture Disc.
Pressurize the Nitrogen Booster Station slowly and ensure that

valve outlets are pointed away from all personnel when opened.
CAUTION:
The high-pressure couplings at the intake pipe socket and at the

delivery end must never be loosened. The couplings must have
an interference fit for preventing leakings and damages.
Inspect the Nitrogen Booster Station visual before each usage to

detect any damage, cracks, corrosion or other defects.
Even if the manifold passes visual inspection its components

are still subject to failure. Therefore we strongly recommend
recertification through Leutert every five years.
Make sure that valves are periodically re-packed or inspected.

Valves and regulator maintenance histories should be known
before usage.
Make sure that the related equipment of the Nitrogen Booster

Station, such as gauges, adapters, hoses, and cylinders are of
proper design regarding temperatures, pressures and flows. This
has to be taken into consideration before replacing or combining
any part.
Close all valves of the Nitrogen Booster Station which are

currently not in use.
Remove all pressure from sections currently not used.

Release pressure from Nitrogen Booster Station before

connections are tightened, loosened or before any repairs.
Never allow the Nitrogen Booster Station to become part of an

electrical circuit.
Keep the sound absorber free from contamination of water and

oil (grease).

4.2 Description of the Nitrogen Booster
The Leutert One Phase Samplers and Cylinders allow over pressuring
the samples after they‘re removed from the reservoir. The Sample
chambers are pressurized across a piston with a nitrogen gas chamber.
This compensates any temperature induced pressure drop (e.g. as the
sample is returned to surface).
The Leutert Nitrogen Booster Station is used to compress nitrogen into

the sample chambers of the One Phase Samplers and Cylinders to a
pressure rate above the well pressure.
4.3 Specification of the Nitrogen Booster
Max. operating pressure : 15,000 psi | 1,034 bar

Test pressure : 22,500 psi | 1,551 bar
Max. operating temp. : 212 °F | 100 °C
Dimensions : (25.6 x 11.8 x 9.8)“ | (650 x 300 x 250) mm
Weight : 50.7 lbs | 23 kg
Material : Stainless steel according to NACE MR-01-75

4.4 Schematics of the Nitrogen Booster
4.5 Accessories
Flex Hose Assembly / Part No. 5331.00.00003

5 The Sample Cylinders
WARNING:
Secure cylinder caps during transport. Follow the local transport

regulations.
Prevent damage to cylinders. Locate cylinders where they will

be protected from physical damage by striking or falling objects,
corrosion or damage from public tampering.
Cylinders shall not be subjected to artificially created low

temperatures.
Report damaged or leaking cylinders to the safety office

immediately for repair or disposal.
Never disassemble the valve from the cylinder when the latter is
under pressure.
Do not expose valves to any violent shocks. Do not use a

deformed or damaged valve.
Do not alter the markings.
The valves shall never (i.e. cylinder/valves leak tightness checking)

be in contact, neither externally nor internally, with any agent
initiating stress corrosion on its components.
CAUTION:
Open valves only to the point where fluid can flow into the
system at the necessary pressure. This will allow for quicker
shutoff in the event of a failure or emergency.
Metals become brittle when used in corrosive gas service. Check

equipment and lines frequently for leaks. Disassemble the
manifold after use and flush with dry air or nitrogen.
Access doors to areas which use or store flammable gases shall

be posted „No Open Flames.“
All gases with a health hazarding component must be stored in

a continuously mechanically ventilated gas cabinet, fume hood
or other enclosure. Small quantities (e.g., lecture cylinders) or
diluted concentrations of these gases may be stored outside
of a ventilated enclosure. Audible alarms should be utilized in
ventilated hoods that are dedicated to toxic gas usage or storage.

NOTICE:
Never apply excessive force to remove caps. Return to LEUTERT

to remove “stuck” caps.
Confirm gas tightness by using leak test solutions (e.g., soap &
water) or leak test instruments.
Never disassemble a valve.
Do not expose the valves to bad weather conditions during

transport and use.
Keep the valve free of grease, plastic or metallic particles and

corroding agents.
To fulfill the requirements of the TPED certificate please follow

the local transport regulations for pressurized vessels via road,
railway or plane. Please note that the TPED certificate expires if
product components are used within the sample cylinder which
do not fulfill the requirements of the TPED directive.

5.2 Description of the Sample Cylinders
5.2.1 Cylinder type 600
The LEUTERT Sample Cylinders are shipping bottles designed to

transport and store pressurized liquid samples, especially hydrocarbon
samples.
The construction of the Cylinder is of a non-welded design with the

body machined from a solid billet of a specified grade of stainless steel/
titanium fully certified to required grade and heat treatment. Each billet
received is stamped and numbered, surveyed at the mill supply source;
confirmation and traceability of each billet is maintained by addition of
a batch number and serial number prior to start of manufacture.
To separate the sample fluid from a secondary driving fluid the bottle is
equipped with a floating piston. A mixing ball is also incorporated in the
bottle. The bottle is designed with a minimum of dead volume.
The two end caps are sealed with double O-Ring Seals and Back-
up Rings. The piston has a single O-Ring Seal and a Wear Ring and
is designed to minimize friction and reduce pressure load. The bottle
is equipped with right angle needle valves with ¼“ NPT female
port connections on both sides. On the sample side there is also an
evacuation port nipple and plug.
The bottle can be equipped with protectors on both ends to protect

valves and threads during handling and transportation.
A fiber glass or aluminium transportation box is available.
5.2.2 Cylinder type one phase 600
The Sample Cylinder Type 600 one phase is a shipping bottle designed to
transport and store pressurized samples, especially hydrocarbon samples
maintaining the sample in one phase.
To separate the sample fluid from a secondary driving fluid the bottle is
equipped with a floating piston. A mixing ball is also incorporated in the
bottle. The bottle is designed with a minimum of dead volume.
The two end caps are sealed with double O-Ring seals and back-up rings.
The piston has a single O-Ring seal and a wear ring and is designed to
minimize friction and reduce pressure load. The bottle is equipped with
right angle needle valves with ¼“ NPT female port connections on both
sides. On the sample side there is also an evacuation port nipple and
plug.

The non-sample end cap contains a reservoir, which can be filled

with compressed gas (e.g. Nitrogen). After completion of the transfer
process a valve can be opened allowing the gas to act on the piston
from the non-sample side, keeping the sample under pressure and, thus,
maintaining it in one phase.
The bottle is further equipped with protectors on both ends for protecting
valves and threads during handling and transportation. A fiber glass or
aluminum transportation box is available.
5.3 Specification of the Sample Cylinders
Capacity (nominal) : 600 ccm standard,

other capacities are available
Volume : 700 ccm
Weight
– type 600 : 38.6 lbs | 17.5 kg
– type one phase 600 : 50.7 lbs | 23.0 kg
Material
– type 600, one phase 600 : Stainless Steel, resistant to H2S and CO2
Operating pressure
– type 600, one phase 600 : 10,000 psi | 689 bar standard, or
15,000 psi | 1,034 bar

Operating temperature : -4 °F to 300 °F | -20 °C to 150 °C
Certificates
– type 600 up to 10,000 psi : UN Approval,
TPED & Hydrostatic Certificate
– type 600 up to 15,000 psi : Hydrostatic Certificate, PED on request
– type one phase 600 : Hydrostatic Certificate, PED on request
The approval shall lapse if non-type-tested components are

used. Upon replacement of components, the device must be
retested for conformance. The test may only be conducted by
LEUTERT or by personnel authorised by LEUTERT, respectively.

5.4 Assembly Drawing
5.4.1 Cylinder type 600
Internal Circlip Vacuum Port

SEEG-RI.6802500 5371.0.11.01100
Sample End Cap
5371.0.11.02002
Back-up Ring (2x)
5371.0.11.01011
O-RingVIT533500
(2x)
Ball
9000.0.00.36489
Cylinder Body G.T. Ring

5371.0.11.04001 O-RingVIT604700
Floating Piston
5371.0.11.02004
Wear Ring
5371.0.11.01005
Non-Sample End Cap

5371.0.11.02003
Forged Hand Valve

9000.0.00.87156
Protection Cap
9000.0.00.30367

5.4.2 Cylinder type one phase 600
Angle valve
5371.10.00014 Protection Cap
Plug 9000.0.00.30367
5300.98.00009
Vacuum Port
5371.0.11.01100
Nipple
5371.0.11.01101
Plug Sample End Cap
5371.0.11.01102 5371.0.11.02002
Back-up Ring (2x)
5371.0.11.01011
O-RINGVIT533500(2x)
Internal Circlip
SEEG-RI.6802500
Ball
9000.0.00.36489
G.T. Ring
O-RINGVIT604700
Floating Piston Cylinder Body
5371.0.11.02004 5371.10.00003
Wear Ring
5371.0.11.01005
Locking Device
5371.10.00004
Locking Grub Screw
5371.10.00012
N2 Plug:
Back-up Ring (4x)
5300.11.01008
O-Ring (2x)
O-RINGPA.20200 O-RingVIT533500(2x)
N2 Chamber Back-up Ring (2x)

5371.10.00001 5371.0.11.01011
N2 Filling Connection:
Plug
5371.10.00009
Gland
5371.10.00008
Angle valve Protection Cap

5371.10.00014 9000.0.00.30367
Headnut (2x)
9000.0.00.87148

5300.98.00013
Toolbox
5371.0.98.02300 5300.98.00042
2 Ltrs Low Tox Safety Solvent 3 Ltrs Transfer Fluid
to remove dirt & crude oil from cylinders (de-greaser) for Transfer Bench reservoir & Piston Type Sample
Cylinders
9000.0.00.88564 9000.0.0.39427
Cylinder Valve Adapter Pin Spanner
to screw into 1/4 NPT valves on bottle to remove end caps of cylinder
5311.98.00013 5371.98.02200
Evacuation Adapter Vacuum Nipple
to evacuate the dead volume within the sample end to screw into cylinder valve to evacuate all small
of the oil sample cylinder pockets of air at the bottom of the cylinders
5371.98.00012 9000.0.00.39425
Piston Puller Tool Reversible Circlip Plier
to remove piston from honed bore in piston type to fit circlips on cylinder
cylinders

9000.0.00.39388 5311.98.00010
OE Spanner (1/2”) Prime Port Spanner
opens/closes prime port nipple
9000.0.00.39344
OE Spanner (17 mm)
to be used with bottle valve adapter
5.6 O-Ring Seal and Back-up Ring Redress Kits

Kit Part No. 5371.98.00001

1 1 O-RINGVIT604700 GT-Ring
2 1 5371.11.0100590 Wear Ring
3 4 5371.11.0101190 Back-up Ring
4 4 O-RingVIT533500 O-Ring
5 1 SEEG-RI.6802500 Internal Circlip
6 1 O-RINGVIT032000 O-Ring
7 1 O-RINGPA.061600 O-Ring
8 2 O-RINGPA.202000 O-Ring
9 4 5300.11.01008 Back-up Ring
The above O-Rings and Back-up Rings are recommended for use
when CO2 and only a small amount of H2S are present. If high
quantity of H2S is present a special O-Ring and Back-up Ring Kit
is required. LEUTERT can supply such Kit which is resistant to
virtually all known fluids and combination of fluid.

6 Quick start
6.1 Before Sampling
1) Insist that Gauge Cutter is used to clear the tubing of the well to
full depth.
2) Information about bottomhole temperature and pressure are

required for correct Flow Regulator (Choke) and prime pressure
to be chosen.
3) With correct calibration of Depth Counter and by calculating the

gradients of the well the correct depth for sample required can
be ensured.
4) Note for Tandem Running (two Samplers) a minimum of 5

lengths of lubricator tube and a large mast or crane (onshore)
or Tugger Winch (offshore) will be required for a closed well
sampling, pressure control assembly.
5) Ensure you have flexible Knuckle Joint for times when you may
be using string of other measuring tools thus this makes it very
easy to insert tool in Lubricator section. Please view optional
Tools and Accessories.
6) Information about well fluid is necessary, whether sandy or salt

particles are present. The Sand Filtration Sleeve may be required.
Please view optional Tools and Accessories.
7) Porta-cabin or clean area is required for cleaning and filling the

Sampler if multiple runs and transferring is to be successfully
completed.
8) Check the Operating Tools and Accessories.
6.2 Running Procedure
1) Check condition of O-Rings throughout the tool and replace as

necessary.
2) Remove the Needle Valve Body Assy, Rod, Floating Piston and
Anti-Premature Closing Assy from the Sample Chamber.
3) Check that Needle Valve is closed, and that Posi-Lock Pin,

Transfer Port Plug and O-Ring Protector are in place.
4) Assure that the Sample Chamber is clean and free from

scratches.
5) Set the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly.

6) Push the Piston Rod Assembly into the Sample Chamber.
7) Fit the Safe Lock Assy.
8) Screw on the Nose Cone and fill the Sample Chamber with
Leusynth Oil.
OPS operation only:
9) Screw the Stinger Housing into the Sample Chamber.
10) Fit the Stinger and the Fixed Plug.
11) Add Leusynth Oil.
12) Screw the N2 Prime Port Nipple into the Stinger Housing. Take
care not to bend the N2 Release Stem while doing so.

13) Connect the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple to the N2
Chamber.
14) Screw the N2 Chamber / Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple on to

the N2 Prime Port Nipple.
PDSshort operation only:
15) Screw the Flow Regulator / Prime Port Nipple Assy into the
Sample Chamber.
16) Select the correct Flow Regulator and press your selection into
the Flow Regulator / Prime Nipple Assy. (Filter toward front of
Tool).
17) Drain off any fluid from the Air Chamber.
18) Check function of the Shuttle Mechanism Assembly.
19) Set the Shuttle Mechanism Assy in its closed position using the
Push Rod & Setting Tool.
20) Assemble the Trigger Mechanism and the Container Tube by

screwing them into the Shuttle Mechanism Assy.
21) Screw both parts of the Sampler together checking all joints are
correctly tightened.
22) Now Prime the Tool selecting the required prime pressure.
Remember to remove any air from the hydraulic hose before
pressurizing.

23) In case of using the Tandem Firing Mechanism it can now be

connected to the bottom of the upper sampler.
OPS operation only:
24) Prime the N2 Chamber. 2,000 psi (13,800 kPa) above anticipated
bottom hole pressure.
25) Set the Clock. When setting clock allow time for conditioning
of well - installing B.O.P. and Riser - time to reach depth in well
60 ft/min. lowering rate max. 1,000 ft will take 16.7 mins. Add
30 minutes to the calculated time to avoid premature sampling.
26) Note the time.
27) Insert the Clock into the Clock Housing.
28) Screw on Top Nipple.
29) Back off the Shuttle Setting Screw (you should hear a click).
OPS operation only:
30) Open the N2 Valve Stem.
31) The Tool is now ready to take a sample.
Always allow plenty of time for Sampler to fill. Leave it inside

the well for at least one hour after the set clock time is over.
32) While the tool is down hole, assemble the Transfer Bench in
preparation for Sample Transfer.
33) Pressurize the Bench to 1,000 psi (6,900 kPa) above anticipated
transfer pressure. Check Pump for leaks then drop the pressure
to zero.
34) Check that Sample Cylinder is correctly filled and all air is
removed using Hand Vacuum Pump after inverting the Bottle.
35) Connect the Bottle Valve adaptors.
36) After sampling time has elapsed remove Tool from well. Check
Posi Lock Pin is in correct position.
37) Check that the Safe Lock Assembly has engaged.
38) WARNING: Remove the Nose Cone from the Sample

Inlet End and replace with the Transfer Lock.

39) Bleed off any pressure in the Air Chamber through Prime Port
Valve and vent screw. Then separate the Tool between Air
Chamber Assy and Flow Regulator Prime Nipple Assy.
39) Remove the Flow Regulator from the Flow Regulator Prime
Nipple Assy.
40) Store the Flow Regulator inside its box.
OPS operation only:
41) Close the N2 Valve Stem.
42) Release the N2 pressure form the N2 Chamber by removing the

N2 Prime Port Plug and opening the N2 Prime Port Valve.
43) Disconnect the N2 Chamber from the N2 Nipple.
44) Connect the Hose Assemblies and bleed air out of lines.
45) Screw the Transfer Adapter into Sample Port - locate the Sampler
with Bottle. Take great care to ensure easy fitting. Tighten the
Transfer Adapter into the Bottle Valve.
46) Evacuate air from top of Bottle using the Vacuum Hand Pump
ensuring the Bottle Valve is Open. When maximum vacuum is
reached close the Vacuum Port Assembly and remove the Hand
Pump.
Leave Bottle Valve fully open.
47) Determine the opening pressure
48) Raise the pressure in the system to 2,000 psi (13,800 kPa)
above the estimated bubble point or for low temp/pressure well
samples 2,000 psi (13,800 kPa) above known pressure sample
was taken.
49) When the pressure has stabilized the sample can be transferred.
Be aware to close V5 as the transfer process is coming

to an end. If V5 is not closed immediately the pressure
inside the cylinder might drop below the bubble point.
Also close the Air Supply to prevent the pump from
sucking air.
50) After the transfer close the Top Valve on the Sample Bottle.

51) Disconnect the Sampler from the Piston Sample Bottle and leave
Transfer Adapter in Sampler Transfer Port.
a) First make a note of the pressure in the system.

b) Lower the pressure in the system to zero by either
opening V2 (open loop) or V3 (close loop).
c) Using compressed air blow water/glycol from Sample
Chamber into Reservoir using Hose provided.
d) Remove Hose from Flow Regulator/Prime Nipple Assy
and Manifold and close V1.
e) Remove Sample Chamber from Bench Unit and store
(whenever possible Premature Closing Assy. should be
removed and cleaned to prevent rusting).
f) Close V2 and re-pressurize the system to noted pressure,
allow to stabilise then open V5.
52) If Sampler is still mounted on Transfer Bench, allow it to slide

along the Body Clamps allowing the Piston Sample Bottle free
rotation.
53) Agitate the Sample Bottle by rotating it through 180 degrees

in both directions. Make sure Clamping Screws are tight before
inverting the Bottle. Look for any pressure drop then repeat this
sequence. The pressure in the system may need to be increased
to achieve a monophasic sample solution. This will be when
there is no visible pressure drop after sample agitation.
54) If re-pressurizing has been carried out to achieve a monophase

sample the pressure can be raised by a further 2,000 psi
(13,800 kPa). This may provide a more successful starting point
for coordinating bubble point evaluation - in which at least three
coordinating points are needed in monophase - for extrapolation.
55) When a suitable stable starting point has been reached V5 can
be closed to reduce volume of system.
56) Check that V8 is closed then quickly open and close V7 to allow
Constant Volume Assembly to fill 2cc. Drain off 2cc by opening
and closing V8. The sample should be allowed to stabilise and
the pressure noted when gauge reading has settled for approx.
2 minutes.
57) Procedure 56 should be repeated until enough coordinating

points have been plotted to make an accurate evaluation of the
bubble-point.
CAUTION: The exact procedure for volume change and

settling time of the sample should be observed every
cycle, and again this process (Bubble Point Analysis) can
be repeated as many times as required.

58) The bubble-point graph may now be plotted with increments of

2cc volume on the X axis and pressure psi (kPa) on the Y axis.
The intersection at which the two extrapolated lines converge
is known as the bubble point for that sample. Again ambient
temperature should be noted for the records.
59) Drop the pressure in the bottle by removing water below

Piston by 10% of volume or to a pressure recommended by the
customer to allow safe transportation of the sample. Note the
volumes, temperature, pressure and Serial No. of the Bottle.
60) Close bottom valve - remove Hose Adapters and fit Bottle Valve
Port Plugs.
61) Remove Bottle from stand and replace Protection Caps, store
Bottle for transportation.
62) Label the Sample Bottle and fill out the Sampling Sheet in
duplicate, include one copy with the Piston Sample Bottle.
63) If not already done before recycle the Transfer Fluid from the
Sample Chamber back into the Reservoir and remove Sampler
Half from Transfer Bench.
64) The complete Sampler should be stripped - cleaned - and

redressed as necessary ready for re-use.

6.3 Preventing Tool Failure
6.3.1 PDSshort operation
Below is a quick mental check before the Tool is run and reasons that
may cause the Tool to fail.
1) Check that the Needle Valve is closed.
Reason for Tool failure: Losing the sample when the Transfer
Port Plug is removed.
2) Check that the Premature Closing Assembly has been function

tested and set.
Reason for Tool failure: The Sampler closing immediately after

the Tool has been fired.
3) Check that there is no contamination in the Flow Regulator

Body.
Reason for Tool failure: A complete blockage or partial blockage

due to dirt in the small back orifice. This would slow down or
stop sampling.
4) Check that the setting pin is full backed off against the circlip.
Reason for Tool failure: The Shuttle Mechanism still in the setting
position preventing the mechanism from firing.
5) Check that the Flow Regulator is facing in the correct direction.
Reason For Tool Failure: The Piston in the Flow Regulator would
shut the flow off immediately after the Tool was fired.
6) Check that the Trigger Mechanism is free to move upwards &

downwards.
Reason for Tool failure: If the Trigger Mechanism sticks it will

not drop down into the slot when the Clock unwinds, thus
preventing the Piston Valve Stem from springing back releasing
the flow.
7) Check that the Sampler Clock is set for the correct duration.
Reason For Tool Failure: Tool firing prematurely, capturing a

sample at the wrong depth, or the Tool not firing at all as the
Clock was set at too long duration.

8) Check that the Sampler Clock has started before fitting it to the
tool.
Reason for Tool failure: The Tool will not fire.
9) Check that the Sampler Clock is serviced at regular intervals.
Reason for Tool failure: The Sampler Clock could stop before it
has totally unwound.
10) Check that the Relief Valve is set at the correct pressure.
Reason for Tool failure: The Buffer Fluid bleeding into the Air
Chamber through the Relief Valve (Relief Valve set too low), thus
sampling at the wrong depth.
11) Check that the seals in the Shuttle Mechanism Assembly hold
pressure.
Reason for Tool failure: The Buffer Fluid bleeding into the Air
Chamber through the damaged seals thus sampling as soon as
any external pressure is applied.
12) Check that the Piston Valve Stem is free to move before setting.

Reason for Tool failure: If the Piston Valve Stem sticks the Tool
will not fire.
13) Check that the Tool has been primed at the correct pressure.
Reason for Tool failure: A high build up in pressure in the Sample

Chamber damaging the seals and causing the Needle Valve Body
Assembly and Piston to jam.
14) Check that all excess thread tape is removed when assembling
Air Chamber Parts (NPT Fittings).
Reason for Tool failure: Flow being blocked by thread tape

sticking in Small Orifices in Shuttle Mechanism Assy.
15) Check that the small pin in the Trigger Mechanism is not bent,
damaged or missing.
Reason for Tool failure: Cam Slot misalignment which would

cause premature Tool firing, or preventing Tool firing.

6.3.2 OPS operation
Below is a quick mental check before the Tool is run and reasons that
may cause the Tool to fail.
1) The Split Collets on the Safe Lock Assembly are free to spring
open while attached to the Needle Valve Body by the securing
screw.
Reason for Tool failure: Loss of sample will occur, due to the
Split Collets not engaging into their recess, therefore, allowing
the Needle Valve Body Assembly / Floating Piston Assembly to
be pushed back into their original position, by the nitrogen gas
pressure when this is released, opening up the inlet ports.
It should also be noted that in the process the Posi-Lock Pin will
be sheared.
2) The Stinger Housing Assembly is in the correct position.
Reason for Tool failure: If the Stinger Housing Assembly is too

far forward the flow of the dis placement fluid will be prevented
and the Sampler will not operate.
3) Both the Valve Stems on the N2 Chamber Assembly and the

Prime Port Assembly are holding pressure and are not leaking
past the O-Rings or metal/metal seats.
Reason for Tool failure: Complete loss or low nitrogen pressure

below the expected well pressure, resulting in a sample not in
one phase.
4) The Safe Lock Collets are in good condition i.e. the edges are
not rounded off, as they may not engage properly.
Reason for Tool failure: see item (1)
5) Both the Valve Stems on the N2 Chamber Assembly and the

Prime Port Assembly have been opened before the Sampler is
run into the well.
Reason for Tool failure: There will be no communication

between the N2 Chamber and the Sample Chamber, resulting in
a sample which is not in one phase.
6) The N2 Chamber is primed to the required pressure.
Reason for Tool failure: If the nitrogen pressure is too low this
will result in a sample which is not in one phase.

7) For damage or scratch marks on the Stinger Housing Assembly

sealing diameters.
The O-Rings on the N2 Release Stem could be damaged resulting

in premature release of the nitrogen.
8) The Nitrogen Release Stem is not bent before assembly.
Reason for Tool failure: The Nitrogen Release Stem could

damage the bore of the Stinger Housing Assembly resulting in
O-Ring failure and premature release of the nitrogen.
9) The Nitrogen Release Stem has been tightened properly into the
Prime Port Assembly.
Reason for Tool failure: Nitrogen gas will leak into the Sample
Chamber prematurely. This causes a build up of nitrogen gas
in the displacement fluid, when the Sampler is triggered. The
nitrogen gas in the Air Chamber will create too high a back
pressure. The back pressure will prevent the sampler from
closing, resulting in loss of sample.

7 Preparation for Running the Sampler
7.1 Piston Sample Chamber

Remove the front cover by releasing the four spring clips and unscrewing
the two knurled safety lugs.
Remove the cover using the side handles and place to the rear of the
Bench.
With the cover turned upside down it can be attached to the Bench by
screwing in the two knurled safety lugs to provide additional stability
and for holding parts and tools during use, see fig. 1.
Fig. 1
Fit the extension arms into the two rearward facing holes at the top left
and top right of the bench and insert and secure the two body clamps.
Tighten all four screws sufficiently so that most of the play has been
removed, but small adjustments in position may be carried out.
Fit the Sample Chamber (having been split from the Flow Regulator
Nipple) into the clamps.
Unscrew the Nose Cone, Safe Lock Assy and the Flow Regulator Prime
Port Assy from the Sample Chamber.
Screw the Cross Tool into the Needle Valve Body and depress the Posi-
Lock Pin into the recess by using the Posi-Lock Depressing Tool, see
fig. 2.
Fig. 2

Pull the Needle Valve Body sharply.
When the Anti-Premature Closing Assy bottoms out on the Piston,

use a slide jarring action to free the Piston from the Sample Chamber.
Support the Rod to prevent bending.
The Posi-Lock Pin should be uppermost, otherwise it might fall

out of the Valve Body and be lost.
Remove the Posi-Lock Pin and Spring. Remove the Cross Tool.
Unless the Sampler has been exposed to high temperatures in excess

of 150°C (300°F), then O-Rings not in direct contact with well fluids
can be replaced every two runs, or less frequently if conditions dictate.
However, the Sampler should be complete stripped down following
each run and the O-Rings and Back-up rings inspected as a matter of
course. Experience is the only measure as to whether parts should be
replaced, however, one should always err on the side of caution and
when in doubt replace parts and not risk Sampler failure.
Unscrew the Rod from the Valve Body, see fig. 3. The Piston Rod can be
used to hold the Rod while unscrewing the Needle Valve Body.
To avoid damage of the Rod, never use pliers.
Fig. 3
Replace the Piston O-Rings and Back-up rings.
Replace the O-Rings and Back-up rings on the Needle Valve Body.
Replace the O-Ring Protector, taking care not to damage the O-Rings in
doing so.
Completely unscrew the Needle Valve from the Needle Valve Body by
using the Needle Valve Key and replace all O-Rings and Back-up rings.
Inspect the seat of the Valve Stem for signs of wear.
When new Back-up rings and O-Rings have been fitted, see fig. 4, to
prepare the Needle Valve by precompressing the O-Rings. This process
helps prevent the O-Rings being damaged by the screw threads in the
Valve Body when the Valve Stem is replaced.

Fig. 4
Unscrew the Transfer Port Plug. Use the Needle Valve Key. Replace the
O-Ring.
Pull the Piston of the Rod.
Replace the O-Rings and Back-up Rings. To change the internal O-Rings
and Back-up Rings of the Piston unscrew the Piston Pads by using the
Former Extractor.
Replace the Piston Pads.
Replace the Floating Piston back onto the Rod. Use the O-Ring Sleeve
to slide the Piston onto the Rod. It is recommended that this is done
with the Rod in a vertical position, see fig. 5.
Fig. 5
Screw the Valve Body back onto the rod, just hand tight.
Using the Needle Valve Key ensure that the Needle Valve and Transfer
Port Plug are fully tightened, see fig. 6.

Fig. 6
Screw the Needle Valve Body Assy back onto the Rod.
Check that the Rod is screwed fully into the Anti-Premature Closing
Assembly and Needle Valve Body.
Glue can be used to fix Rod in Anti-Premature Closing Assembly.

Do not use glue to fix Needle Valve Body.
Check that the Piston is free to slide up and down the Rod, see fig. 7.
Fig. 7
Set the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly by holding the Rod and gently
pull on the top of the Ball Retainer. A clicking sound will be heard as
this is done and the assembly will then become solid, see fig. 8.
Fig. 8

A function test can be done by pushing the Piston against the Anti-
Premature Closing Assembly, with the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly
firmly against a solid surface.
Fig. 9
Return the complete Assembly to the Sample Chamber. Do not insert

completely.
Turn the Assembly in a clockwise direction until the hole for the Posi-
Lock Pin is uppermost and in line with the slot and hole in the Sample
Chamber.
Insert the Posi-Lock Spring and Pin.
Slide the Posi-Lock Holder over the Needle Valve Body until it hits the
Posi-Lock Pin. Depress the Pin and push the Holder forward to cover the
Pin, see fig. 10.
Fig. 10
Continue to push forward as far as possible.
A gap will remain between the Sampler and the wider end of
the Tool. This gap serves to prevent injuries.
Hold the Posi-Lock Holder steady and insert Push Rod and Setting Tool.
Push slowly forward until the shoulder hits the end of the Posi-Lock
Holder, see fig. 11.

Fig. 11
If resistance is met during this operation the Posi-Lock Pin

might not be in line with its groove in the Sample Chamber.
The solution is to turn the Posi-Lock Holder slightly to the left or
right until the Push Rod and Setting Tool can be pushed forward
easily.
Squeeze the Split Collets and insert them into the Safe Lock Tool, see
fig. 12.
Fig. 12
The complete unit can be inserted into the front end (male thread side)
of the Safe Lock Assembly.

Push the Split Collets into the Safe Lock Assembly and remove the Safe
Lock Tool, see figure 13 and 14.
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Screw on the Safe Lock Assembly until the Securing Screw can be
located with the threads in the Needle Valve Body.
Secure the Split Collets to the Needle Valve Body by tightening up the
screw. Use the Needle Valve Key as shown in figure 15.
Fig. 15
Fully tighten the Safe Lock Assembly.
Screw on the Nose Cone and tighten fully.
Clamp the Sample Chamber in a vertical position with the Nose Cone
at the bottom.
Feed the Funnel over the Tube and screw it into the top of the Sample
Chamber.
Pour Leusynth Oil into the Funnel.
Fit the Filler Funnel Cap onto the Funnel.
Connect the Vacuum Hand Pump to the metal tube of the Filler Funnel
Cap.

Squeeze the handle of the Vacuum Pump to draw a vacuum within the
Assy.
Release the vacuum from the Assembly, the Leusynth Oil will be sucked
into the Sample Chamber. Repeat this procedure until the Sample
Chamber is completely filled with Leusynth Oil.
Use the Vacuum Pump to remove excess oil from the Sample Chamber
until the top of the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly is visible.
Remove the Funnel.
To check that the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly is still set correctly,

measure the distance between the top of the Anty-Premature Closing
Assembley and the end of the Sample Chamber. The distance should be
no greater than 45 mm.
Fig. 16
For PDSshort operation continue chapter 7.3.

7.2 Assemble of the OPS section
Before assemble of the OPS section make sure that the N2 Chamber is
not pressurized.
To do so unscrew the N2 Prime Port Plug from the N2 Prime Port Nipple.
Open the N2 Valve Stem.
Carefully open the N2 Prime Nipple by using the Prime Port Spanner.
Unscrew the Protection Cap from the Stinger Housing.
Screw the Stinger Extractor tool into the Stinger Front thread fully, see
fig. 17.
Fig. 17
Separate the Stinger Housing from the N2 Prime Nipple Assembly.

With the Stinger Extractor Tool fitted this will gently ease the Stinger
Assemble away from the Nitrogen Release Stem, see fig. 18.
Fig. 18
Remove the Stinger Extractor Tool.
Remove the Stinger from the Stinger Housing.
Check the O-Rings of the Stinger Housing.

With the Sample Chamber still hold in a vertical position screw the
Stinger Housing into the Sample Chamber, see fig. 19.
Fig. 19
The reason for this method of assembly is to prevent the displacement

fluid running out of the sample chamber and into the threads when
the sampler is in a horizontal position. If displacement fluid does leak
into the threads then it may get trapped between the double sealing
O-Rings resulting in a hydraulic lock. When subjected to increased
temperature, the oil could expand sufficiently to damage the seals.
Inspect both the inner and outer sealing diameters of the stinger
assembly, see fig. 20.
Fig. 20

Both diameters should have a high polish finish. If the O-Ring and back-
up rings from the nitrogen release stem are damaged then there may
be particles of these items on the inner diameter and these must be
removed.
Fit the Stinger into the Stinger Housing, see fig. 21.
Check that the Stinger is fully inserted into the Stinger Housing, see
fig. 22.
Fig. 21 Fig. 22
Great care must be taken not to damage or move the Stinger, as

this could cause failure due to a premature release of Nitrogen.

Check the O-Rings and the Back-up Rings of the Fixed Sleeve.
Insert the Fixed Sleeve into the Stinger Housing, see fig. 23.
Fill Leusynth Oil into the Stinger Housing, until the oil level reaches the
bottom of the Fixed Sleeve, see fig. 24.
Fig. 23 Fig. 24
Separate the N2 Prime Nipple Assembly from the Nitrogen Chamber.
Be careful not to damage the N2 Release Stem. If there is any

damage the Stem must be replaced. Only remove and replace
the Stem if it is visibly damaged.
If the N2 Release Stem does have to be replaced, screw in the new Stem
just hand tight, then tighten with a spanner (1/8” of a turn only) see
fig. 25.
Fig. 25

The N2 Release Stem can be redressed using the O-Ring sleeve, shown
in fig. 26.
Fig. 26
It is critical that the N2 Release Stem O-Ring Sleeve is used without it the
O-Rings and Back-up Rings maybe damaged or broken.
There are two sets of PEEK Back-up Rings on the N2 Release Stem (two
rear grooves), these should only be replaced if they are damaged. All
other seals on the OPS can be replaced.
Redressed the N2 Valve Stem. Remove the internal circlip with Circlip
Pliers.
Unscrew the N2 Valve Stem fully. The N2 Valve Stem can be redressed
using the N2 Release O-Ring Sleeve, see fig. 27.
Fig. 27
Put back the N2 Valve Stem and the Circlip.
Insert the N2 Prime Port Nipple Assembly into the Stinger Housing, see
fig. 28.

Fig. 28
Do not change the position of the Stinger.
If the N2 Chamber needs to be redressed, insert the Retaining Ring

Extractor into the end of the N2 Chamber and unscrew the Retaining
Ring from the N2 Chamber, see fig. 29.
Fig. 29
Screw the Cross Tool tight into the end of the N2 Chamber Plug.
Do not overtighten.
Pull the Cross Tool sharply until the pressure fitting is visible, see fig. 30.
Do not over stretch the internal N2 Chamber Tube.

Fig. 30
While holding the coupling away from the N2 Chamber insert the
Retaining Fork between the N2 Chamber and the pressure coupling of
the N2 Chamber Tube as shown in fig. 31.
Fig. 31
Unscrew the coupling with the Spanners and remove the N2 Chamber
Plug.
Allow the N2 Chamber Tube to spring back into the N2 Chamber.
Unscrew the N2 Chamber from the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple
Assy.
Replace the O-Rings and Back-up Rings of the Flow Regulator Prime
Port Nipple.
Don’t forget to check the O-Rings within the Prime Port Nipple
and Plug.
Check the connection between the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple
and the N2 Chamber Tube. Loosen and replace the Teflon tape if
necessary.
Screw the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple back into the N2 Chamber.
Attach the Cross Tool to the threaded section on the gland of the N2
Chamber Tube.

Pull the Gland Nut until it passes the end of the N2 Chamber.
Slip the Retaining Fork between the Gland Nut and the end of the N2
Chamber to prevent it from stringing back, see fig. 32.
Fig. 32
Connect the N2 Chamber Plug to the N2 Chamber Tube.
Remove the Retaining Fork.
Remove the Cross Tool and re-fit the Plug into the N2 Chamber.
Screw the Retaining Ring into the end of the N2 Chamber and tighten
fully.
7.3 Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple
Remove the Protection Cap from the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple.
Check the O-Rings and Back-up Rings.
Don’t forget to check the O-Rings within the Prime Port Nipple
and Plug.
With the Sample Chamber still hold in vertical position screw the Flow
Regulator Prime Nipple Assembly and tighten fully.
The reason for this method of assembly is to prevent the displacement

fluid running out of the Sample Chamber and into the threads when
the Sampler is in a horizontal position. If displacement fluid does leak
into the threads then it may get trapped between the double sealing
O-Rings resulting in a hydraulic lock. When subjected to increased
temperature, the oil could expand sufficiently to damage the seals.

7.4 Flow Regulator Selection
For the correct selection of Flow Regulator End Cap and Body, the
variations are charted in the table to aid selection. The numbers in the
table refer to the body sizes 1 - 4.
The body size only alters the fill time and has now bearing on the prime
pressure. The exact prime pressure is needed to avoid premature filling
before the sampler is reaching the sampling depth. The reason for this
is with a reduction in the differential pressure ratio across the flow
regulator the relief valve may crack open allowing displacement fluid
into the air chamber prematurely. For this there are two End Caps. The
End Cap with the large port is for low pressure wells and the End Cap
with the small port is for high pressure wells.
The ratios of the two difference Flow Regulator End Caps are as
follows:
– Low Pressure (Large front port) 5:1

– High Pressure (Small front port) 16 : 1
It is very important that these ratios are maintained, and regulator

testing is required, using the Flow Regulator Test Unit, see chapter 12.
Example:
Well Pressure : 20,700 kPa | 3,000 psi
Well Temperature : 125 °C | 257 °F
Correct Selection : End Cap Large Port and
Flow Regulator Body No. 2

Flow Regulator Body Size No. 1 – 4

Well Temperature
Well Well
Pressure Pressure 50°C 60°C 70°C 80°C 90°C 100°C 110°C 120°C 130°C 140°C 150°C 160°C 170°C 180°C
(kPa) (psi) 122°F 140°F 158°F 176°F 194°F 212°F 230°F 248°F 266°F 284°F 302°F 320°F 338°F 356°F
3,450 500 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Prime Pressure 6,900 kPa (1,000 psi)
6,900 1,000 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
End Cap Large Port 0.156”
10,350 1,500 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
13,800 2,000 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
17,250 2,500 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
20,700 3,000 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
24,150 3,500 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
27,600 4,000 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
31,050 4,500 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
34,450 5,000 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - -
34,450 5,000 - - - - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
41,370 6,000 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Prime Pressure 2.050 kPa (300 psi)
48,260 7,000 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
End Cap Small Port 0.062”
55,160 8,000 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
62,050 9,000 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
68,950 10,000 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
75,840 11,000 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
82,740 12,000 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
89,630 13,000 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
96,530 14,000 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
103,420 15,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Flow Regulator Selection Guide for the LEUTERT PDS/OPS Sampler
Before assembling of the Flow Regulator clean the Filter of the Flow
Regulator with safety solvent and also the innards of the Flow Regulator
itself.
Ensure that on assembly there are no particles of dirt left that

could block the Small Rear Orifice.
Blast dry with compressed air.
Inspect the Piston Nose for signs of wear and replace all O-Rings and
Back-up Rings.
Smear a small amount of Nickel Anti-Seize onto the threads.

Assemble the Flow Regulator Assy.
Fit the Flow Regulator into the Flow Regulator Prime Port Nipple
Assembly ensuring that the wire mesh Filter is facing towards the
Sample Chamber or N2 Chamber as indicated in fig. 33.
If the Flow Regulator Assembly has been used in conjunction

with distilled water or Glycol water, the unit must be cleaned
and oiled after use as the Piston is manufactured from high
carbon steel which will rust.
Fig. 33
7.5 Air Chamber
CAUTION: Check that the air pressure has been released by

opening the Vent Screw
Fit the Air Chamber onto the Transfer Bench in a vertical position.
Remove the Protection Caps.
Insert the Retaining Ring Extractor into the end of the Air Chamber and
unscrew the Air Chamber Plug Retaining Ring from the Air Chamber,
see fig. 29.
Fig. 29
Screw the Cross Tool tight into the end of the Air Chamber Plug.
Do not overtighten.

Hold the Air Chamber and pull out the Air Chamber Plug sharply until
the pressure fitting is visible.
Do not overstretch the internal Air Chamber Tube.
While holding the coupling away from the Air Chamber insert the
Retaining Fork between the Air Chamber and the pressure coupling of
the Air Chamber Tube, as shown fig. 31.
Fig. 31
Tilt the Tube to allow any old oil to run out, see fig. 30.
Fig. 30
Unscrew the coupling with Spanners and remove the Air Chamber
Plug.
Allow the Air Chamber Tube to spring back into the Air Chamber.
Unscrew the Shuttle Valve Nipple from the Air Chamber.
Replace the O-Rings and Back-up Rings.
Screw the Shuttle Valve Nipple back into the Air Chamber.
Attach the Cross Tool to the threaded section on the gland of the Air
Chamber Tube. Pull the Gland Nut until it passes the end of the Air
Chamber. Slip the Retaining Fork between the Gland Nut and the end
of the Air Chamber to prevent it from stringing back, see fig. 32.

Fig. 32
Connect the Air Chamber Plug to the Air Chamber Tube.
Remove the Retaining Fork.
Remove the Cross Tool and re-fit the Air Chamber Plug into the Air
Chamber.
Screw the Retaining Ring into the end of the Air Chamber and tighten
fully.
7.6 Shuttle Mechanism Assembly

The inner parts of the Shuttle Mechanism Assy should not
need to be serviced in the field unless exposed to very high
temperatures or more than four runs in a well, or a combination
of both.
It is important to check the O-Rings of the Setting Screw as they are

exposed to the well fluid.
This is done by removing the Small Circlip with Circlip Pliers supplied,
and unscrewing fully.
Replacing the O-Rings can be difficult, but with the aid of O-Ring Sleeve
this task is made simple, as shown in fig. 27.

Fig. 27
Screw the Setting Screw back into the Shuttle Mechanism Assy and
replace the Circlip.
Check that the Shuttle Mechanism Assembly is fully tightened into the
other end of the Air Chamber.
Slide the Push Rod and Setting Tool over the Piston Valve Stem and
push it forward until it hits the end of the thread.
Hold the Tool in this position and screw in the Setting Screw until you
feel resistance, see fig. 34.
The stem must still be moveable. If the stem is tightened it could

be damaged.
Fig. 34

Remove the Setting Tool.
Screw on the Trigger Assy, hand tight only. Lift the Trigger with a finger
until it touches the Sleeve to ensure that it has free movement, see
fig. 35.
Fig. 35
Screw on the Clock Housing and tighten fully.
7.7 Priming the Sampler
Check the hydraulic pump is filled with the Leusynth Oil.
Holding the Prime Port Valve closed with the Ring Spanner. Unscrew
and remove the Prime Port Plug, see fig. 36.
Fig. 36
Connect the Hydraulic Hose to the Enerpac Pump.
Screw the Prime Port Adapter into the Prime Port Valve whilst retaining
the ring spanner in place so that the nipple can be opened when all is
connected.
Tighten the adapter hand tight against the flat O-Ring face. DO NOT
OVER TIGHTEN.

Connect the other end of the hose to the prime port adapter. Before
tightening the connection, first fill the connection hose with oil to
remove any air.
Tighten the connection and pressure test the Assembly to 27,600 kPa
(4,000 psi).
Connect the other end of the hose to the Prime Port Adapter
Open the Prime Port Valve half turn. Fill the Hydraulic Pump with
Leusynth Oil and operate the handle to pressurize the system until a
steady reading of 27,600 kPa (4,000 psi) is registered on the gauge.
Initially there may be fluctuations in the pressure as the air in the Tool is
compressed, see fig. 37.
Fig. 37
Check all joints for leaks.
If during the test the pressure does not hold, first check the shuttle
mechanism assembly as this is the most likely cause for pressure loss.
If the test is satisfactory, the correct prime pressure has to be chosen.
WARNING:
For wells with a bottom hole pressure below 34,500 kPa (5,000
psi) a prime pressure of 6,900 kPa (1,000 psi) should be used.
For wells with a bottom hole pressure above 34,500 kPa (5,000
psi) a prime pressure of 2,050 kPa (300 psi) should be used.

The intention of prime the Sampler is to prevent premature sampling.
After the correct prime pressure has been set tighten the Prime Port
Valve.
Bleed off the pressure from the Hand Pump.
Holding the Prime Port Valve closed with the spanner, unscrew the
Hydraulic Hose, and screw in the Prime Port Nipple Plug.
Place the Tool aside until ready to run in the hole.
If run as a One Phase Sampler continue chapter 7.8.
7.8 Filling the N2 Chamber
Connect the N2 Gas Supply via the Gas Booster Pump to the N2 Prime
Port Nipple.
With the N2 Stem closed, the nitrogen chamber can now be pressurised
with nitrogen gas to the required pressure.
The recommended pressure is approximately 2,000 psi above the

expected reservoir pressure. This over pressurization is to compensate
for the sample volume shrinkage as it cools during the retrieval to
surface.
If the OPS section has been opened for redress, it might be

necessary to purge the nitrogen chamber with gas:
Evacuate the N2 Chamber with a vacuum pump or purge by pressurizing

to approximately 2,000 psi 2-3 times.
Pressurize the N2 Chamber to the required pressure and close the N2

Prime Port Nipple. Remove the high-pressure line and replace the N2
Prime Port Plug.

7.9 Setting the Clock

When ready to run the Tool, select the appropriate Clock to suit the
delay time required. Hold the Clock Body with the Cone end facing and
the scribed line on the Body uppermost. Locate the Pin in the Winding
Head on to the slot in the Cone and push fully forward, see fig. 38.
Fig. 38
At this stage, the scribed line on the Body and the zero mark on the
Winding Head should be aligned. Hold the Body steady and turn the
Collar until the required delay time is aligned with the scribed line.
Do not overwind as the Clock cannot be turned back, see fig. 39
Fig. 39
Remove the Winding Head.
Look into the open end of the Clock Housing and turn the Tool until the
Locating Pin in the end of the Trigger Sleeve is uppermost.
Hold the Clock with the coned end facing into the open end of the
Clock Housing, and the scribed line uppermost.

Rotate the Clock as follows:
A) On a clock set for up to half of its full range, e.g. up to 5 hours

on a 10 hour Clock, rotate the Clock approximately 30 degrees
to the left.
B) On a clock set for more than half of its full range, e.g. over 5
hours on a 10 hour Clock, rotate the Clock approximately 30
degrees to the right, see fig. 40.
Fig. 40
Push the Clock into the Housing as far as it will go. Slowly rotate the
Clock backwards, i.e. to the right if set as in ‘A’, and to the left as in ‘B’.
Maintain forward pressure as this is done, and the Clock will move
forward another 6 mm then resist further rotation, see fig. 41.
Fig. 41

Screw on the 5/8“ Sucker Rod Top Nipple, or the Rope Socket Assy and
tighten fully. Unscrew the Setting Screw until it is against the circlip, see
fig. 42.
A „Click“ should be heard as this is done, indicating that the Connector

Rod has come to rest on the Trigger Mechanism.
If operator fails to back-off screw Tool will not operate. Do not

forget to change the O-Ring before every run.
Fig. 42
OPS operation only:

Open the N2 Valve Stem the Tool is ready to be run in the well.
The Tool is ready to be run in the well.
Run the Tool at 10 m/s (200 ft/min) and gently ‘yo-yo’ up and
down for two minutes after reaching sampling depth. Leave Tool
for 15 minutes after the sample has been taken, then pull out of
the well.

8 Transfer Bench Assembly and Preparation of

Sample Cylinder
8.1 Set up the Transfer Bench

While the Sampler is lowered into the well the operator has sufficient
time to continue the assembly of the Transfer Bench.
Fit the Swivel Cylinder Holder into the side of the Bench and tighten into
place. Asure that all bulkhead fittings are tightened.
Fit the Main Gauge and the Secondary Gauge onto the Transfer Bench.
The Transfer Bench can now be pressure tested.
Start the pneumatic pump stroking and bleed all the air from the
system.
Pressurize the entire system to 10,000 psi. This figure should be a

maximum for the duration of the test period.
Close V7 and open V8 and observe the Main Gauge for any indication
of a pressure drop.
of a pressure drop.
of a pressure drop. Re-pressurize the system to 10,000 psi.
Close V4 and V1 and then open V2. At this point observe the Secondary
Gauge for any indication of a pressure drop.
Open the sampler port (bulkhead fitting plug) and observe the
Secondary Gauge. It should maintain the same pressure reading.
Open V1 to release the contained pressure.
Now the pressure test is complete.
Slip the Piston Sample Cylinder into the Holder and tighten the screws
to lock the Bottle See (fig. N10). The Valve Ports on the Bottle must be
pointing towards the back of the Bench as shown in fig. 43.

Fig. 43

8.2 Pre-charging the Sample Cylinder
Before the Sample Cylinder can be used, it must be pre-charged with

the displacement fluid on the Non-Sample side of the Piston. The fluid
normally used and recommended is a Water/Glycol mixture (2/1) with
an applied back pressure on the fluid.
For convenience, the pre-charging of the cylinder is normally

done in the workshop.
It is assumed that all components have to be cleaned.
Sit the Cylinder Body in a vertical position into the Cylinder Holder on
the Transfer Bench.
Fit the G.T. Ring Seal and Supporting Rings on the Piston along with the
Wear Ring. The Supporting Rings are contoured to fit the curvature in
the G.T. Ring. Check when fitting that the Support Rings are facing the
correct way round.
Smear a very small amount of silicon grease on the seal.
Screw the Piston Puller Tool into the Piston.
Insert the Piston into the Cylinder taking care while pushing the Piston
past the End Cap threads.
If you are not using a type 600 / type light 600 Cylinder, it is
important that the Piston is inserted into the honed bore by the
Non-Sample End as this end has a lead in for the G.T. Ring.
Push the Piston into the Cylinder Bore and work it up and down the
bore checking that the Piston is free in move.
Pull the Piston down the Cylinder, leaving about an inch of honed bore
showing.
Type one phase 600 operation only:

Fit O-Ring and Back-up Ring to the Reservoir End Plug.
Smear some silicon grease on the O-Ring diameter only, smear lubriplate
grease on the threads.
Screw into the Nitrogen Cap with special spanner, see fig. 44. The
Reservoir End Plug should be tightened hand tight only.

Fig. 44
The first stage of testing can begin. It must be established that valves R
and C seal 10,000 psi nitrogen gas into the N2 Chamber.
Set up as indicated as shown below with valve C (Nitrogen Chamber

Valve) closed, and valve R (Nitrogen Release Valve) open, pressurize
through the N2 Prime Port) to 10,000 psi using a Gas Booster Pump.
Close valve R, thus trapping 10,000 psi nitrogen gas in the Reservoir.
Drop the pressure by shutting off the Gas Booster Pump and releasing
the pressure, remove the coupling from the Prime Port.
To check for leaks simply submerge the N2 Cylinder Body in water, or

spray on leak detectant. The first pressure test is complete.
If the cylinder is to be used in the near future then it may be

advisable to leave the nitrogen gas in the N2 Chamber.
ANGLE VALVE (T) BALL LOCKING DEVICE ANGLE VALVE (T)

VACUUM PORT FLOATING PISTON CYLINDER BODY N2 CHAMBER PLUG
PLUG N2 PLUG HEADNUT

PROTECTION CAP SAMPLE END CAP N2 PRIME PORT
WELL FLUID TRANSFER FLUID NITROGEN
Fig. 54

Fit the O-Rings and Back-up Rings to the Nitrogen EndCap, smear a
small amount of silicone grease onto the O-Ring diameters. Smear
some lubriplate grease onto the threads.
Slide the Locking Ring over the outer thread of the Sample Cylinder.
Screw in the N2 End Cap.
Lift the Locking Ring and guide the cutaway over the pin of the N2 End
Cap.
Tighten the N2 End Cap fully.
Screw the Grubscrew into the Locking Ring and tighten it.
The purpose of the Locking Ring is to prevent the N2 End Cap

from backing off its original position.
Type 600 operation only:

Smear a small amount of anti-seize grease on the threads of the Non-
Sample End Cap and a very small amount of Leusynth Oil on the outer
surface of the O-Rings.
Screw in the Non-Sample End Cap using the special Pin Spanner. Fit the
Internal Circlip and back off the End Cap until it touches the Circlip.
Turn the Cylinder through 90° and gently roll the Mixing Ball into the
honed bore. Slowly rotate the Cylinder a further 90° so that the Sample
End is now uppermost. The Ball should now be located in the Piston
recess.
Pour 100 ml of Lowtox Solvent into the Cylinder.
Similarly, grease the threads and smear Leusynth Oil on the O-Rings of
the Sample End Cap. Screw in the Sample End Cap using the Special Pin
Spanner. Fit the Internal Circlip and back off the End Cap until it touches
the Circlip. Check valve is fully open.
Adjust the End Caps so that connecting ports of the two Valves
are facing the same direction.

Use the air line. Fit it to the Cylinder Valve and slowly open the Air
Supply. This will push the Piston to the bottom of the Cylinder. Checking
that the Vacuum Port is closed, see fig. 45.
Fig. 45
Connect a pressure hose from the Top Bulkhead Fitting to the bottom
of the Cylinder, see fig. 46. Checking that V3, V4, V5 and V6 are open
and Snubber are closed.
Type one phase 600 operation:

Make sure that valve B is closed.
Operate the Pump very slowly. Having left the connection on the
Bottom Valve loose, when Transfer Fluid appears from the Port, tighten
the connection.
Speed up the Pump.
When safety solvent appears through the Evacuation Nipple, stop the
Pump.
Fig. 46

Shut off the Pump and open V2 to relieve the pressure.
Shut V2 and fit the pressure gauge to the Snubber.
Start the Pump and pressure the Bottle up to the maximum working
pressure. Leave for fifteen minutes. If there are no leaks, the pressure
test is complete.
Relieve pressure by opening V2, open the Top Valve on the Piston
Sample Bottle. Close V2, operate the Pump to push the safety solvent
out of the Bottle.
Disconnect the hose from the Cylinder Angle Valve checking that it is
firmly closed.
It is very important that there is no air trapped in the Glycol/Water mix

(air bubbles) or in the Chamber itself. This can be removed by turning
the Cylinder upside down, and allowing air bubbles to rise to the bottom
of the Cylinder. The small void can be filled with the following method.
Screw the Autoclave Vacuum Nipple into the Bottle Adapter.
A Cylinder Valve Adapter may have been used in conjunction with the
Autoclave Vacuum Nipple.
Attach the Vacuum Pump and Reservoir (half filled with Glycol/Water
mix), as shown in fig. 47 and 48.
Fig. 47
Fig. 48

Open the Bottom Valve and start evacuating the Cylinder.
When full vacuum is obtained then turn the Vacuum Pump and
Reservoir 90° on to its side, shown in fig. 49 and 50.
Fig. 49 Fig. 50
Release the valve on the Hand Vacuum Pump so as to allow the Glycol/
Water mix to be sucked into the Cylinder. This should fill the Bottle
completely.
Shut the Bottom Angle Valve, remove the Vacuum Pump and Reservoir,
Autoclave Vacuum Nipple, the Bottle Adapter and fit the NPT Plug.
6cc of safety fluid will have to be flushed from the recess of the Piston.
This can be done by fitting the air line to the Cylinder Angle Valve and
blowing across the Piston, evaporating the solvent from the Evacuation
Port Nipple. This operation should take approximately 15 minutes.
It is best to turn the Bottle upside down for this operation, as

gravity aids the removal of the fluid.
When completed, disconnect the air line, and shut both the Valve and
the Vacuum Port. Fit the NPT Plug and the Evacuation Port Plug.
Fit Protection Caps. Return the Cylinder to its Transportation Box ready
for use.
A useful procedure to adopt is to tag the cylinder and box when the
above has been completed to identify that the cylinder is ready for use.
Similarly, a tag system should also be used to identify when a cylinder is
in use charged with a sample and when the cylinder is ready to dump
the sample and cleaning.

9 The Transfer
9.1 Preparing the Transfer
After the Sampler is been retrieved from the well check that the Posi-
Lock In is visible. If the Pin has popped out, a sample has been taken.
DANGER: Remove the Nose Cone and screw the Transfer Lock
into the Safe Lock Assy.
The Retaining Ring Extractor can be used to screw the Transfer Lock,
see fig. 51.
Fig. 51
Before the Air Chamber can been separated from the Sampler, it is
suspected that O-Ring failure may have occurred and high pressure has
passed through to the Air Chamber.
DANGER: Release the pressure from the Air Chamber by opening

the Vent Screw.
The Air Chamber Assembly can now be separated from the Sampler
and put aside.
OPS operation only:
The One Phase Section must remain connected and the N2 Valve
Stem must be kept open until just before transfer. The reason
for this is in case a fluctuation in temperature that could cause
the sample to reduce in volume resulting in drop of pressure,
thus allowing the sample to go out of the one phase.
With the Transfer Bench and Sample Cylinder set up close the Valve
Stem and slowly bleed off the nitrogen from N2 Chamber through the
N2 Prime Port Plug. The N2 Chamber can now be separated from the N2
Prime Port Assy.
Fit the Sample Chamber Assembly complete with N2 Prime Port Nipple
and Stinger Assy in the clamps of the Transfer Bench, see fig. 52.

Fig. 52

Fit the Sample Chamber Assembly in the clamps of the Transfer Bench,
see fig. 52.
Remove the Flow Regulator from its Housing Nipple by inserting the
Flow Regulator Extractor into the small thread on the end of the Flow
Regulator. The Flow Regulator may be withdrawn by pulling, see fig. 53.
Fig. 53
Fit the Sample Hose Assy into the end of the Flow Regulator Prime
Nipple Assy (PDSshort) or the N2 Prime Port Valve (OPS), see fig. 52.
Fit the other Hose to the Bulkhead Fitting positioned next to the
Cylinder Holder and connect it to the Bottom Valve on the Piston
Sample Cylinder, see fig. 52.
Before proceeding with the transfer air must be bled out of the
connecting hoses and other parts of the system.
Remove the Sample Chamber Prime Port Plug (PDSshort) or the N2 Prime
Port Nipple (OPS) and crack open the Prime Nipple Assy one half turn.

Close V6, V2 and open the Snubber Valve, V4, V5, V3 and V1. Slowly
stroke the Pump by hand. Flush Transfer Fluid through the Prime Port
Nipple until no air is present.
Close the Prime Port Nipple and open V6.
It is necessary that V6 is open when operating the Pump. If this

is not carried out, an Air Lock will develop causing the Pump to
malfunction resulting in no Transfer Fluid being pumped.
Repeat the procedure for the hose connection to the Sample Cylinder.
Check that V7 and V8 are closed, crack open the Hose Connection to
the Bottom Valve on the Piston Bottle, slowly stroking the Pump by
hand until all the air is flushed out, then tighten.
Crack open the connection from the Pressure Gauge and Secondary
Gauge slowly stroking the Pump by hand until all the air is flushed out
then tighten.
The system has to be pressure tested to 6,900 kPa (1,000 psi) more than
the anticipated transfer pressure. Close valve V7, V2 and V8. Open all
other valves including Snubber and Bottom Valve on the Piston Sample
Bottle. Open the Air Supply Valve. Slowly screw down the Air Pressure
Regulator or by operating the Pump manually.
When the test has been completed bleed the pressure down by opening
V2.
Push the O-Ring Protector down to expose the Sample Port and remove
the Transfer Port Plug, see fig. 55.
Fig. 55

Screw in the Transfer Adapter and tighten. Taking care not to

over-tighten.
Slowly swivel the Piston Sample Bottle towards the Transfer Adapter.
Make sure that the Port and Stem are in line, then tighten.
Evacuate the air from the top of the Cylinder and the Transfer Adapter
through the evacuation port on top of the Cylinder using the Vacuum
Hand Pump.
Attach the Pump to the Vacuum Port Assy. Open the port by holding
the body of the assembly with a spanner, turning the top part anti-
clockwise. Open the Top Valve on the Piston Sample Cylinder and
evacuate the Transfer Section, see fig. 56.
Fig. 56
While this section is on maximum vacuum, close the Vacuum Port Assy
and remove the Hand Pump.

9.2 Determination of the opening pressure
The purpose of an opening pressure is normally to check the validity

of samples by comparison when multiple samples are taken from the
same zone.

Check that V7 and V2 are closed - all other valves should be open.
Pressurize up the entire system to 6,900 kPa (2,000 psi) above Bottom

Hole Pressure.
Shut off Air Regulator and allow pressure to stabilise.
Slowly lower the pressure in the system by carefully opening V2,

observe for a kick in the pressure gauge reading as it lowers and note
the pressure at which this occurs. The kick is caused by movement of
the Floating Piston due to the presence of gas in the sample, thus, an
accurate opening pressure and temperature of the sample (most likely
the temperature of the sample is the same as the ambient temperature)
may be recorded at this time.
This process may be repeated as required.
Repressurize the entire system to 2,000 psi above bottom hole pressure.
The pressure may be seen to initially remain stable as gas goes back
into the solution and the sample returns to single phase. The pump
should be operated to maintain the pressure. It may be useful to note
the number of strokes required to pressure up and make the sample
single phase as a comparison with other samples from the same zone.
When the pressure has remained steady for 10 minutes, the sample can
be considered single phase and ready for transfer.

OPS operation only:

Check that V7 and V2 are closed; all other valves must be open.
Pressurize the system to 2,000 psi exactly, then shut off the air regulator
and allow the pressure to stabilise. Shut V5. Open the sampler needle
valve two complete turns and observe the opening pressure increase or
decrease.
There are two holes running through the Transfer Lock Sleeve, this is so
that one of them can be aligned to access the Needle Valve Stem in the
Needle Valve Body.
Allow the pressure to stabilise and take a note of the pressure and
temperature of the sampler (most likely the temperature of the sample
is the same as the ambient temperature).
Due to the (evacuated) lost volume of approx. 6 ml in top of the cylinder

and the transfer port there will be a minor pressure drop (Opening
Pressure) when the sampler needle valve is opened. This lost volume
represents only 1% of the total sample volume. The pre-charge pressure
of 2,000 psi should compensate for this very small reduction in volume.
The system pressure must not be allowed to drop below the

well pressure as this could take the sample out of single phase
sample.
With the Sampler Needle Valve open, pump up the entire system to
2,500 psi above the well pressure.
Slowly open the N2 Valve Stem. Do not allow the pressure to fall below
well pressure.

9.3 Transfer procedures
There are 3 different recognized procedures available for transferring a

sample via the Transfer Bench to a storage bottle are listed below.
1a) The Closed Loop configuration using the Pump Stroke Counter
as a reference to indicate when a sample has completely
transferred. „This procedure is most suited when bubble point
analysis is not required“.
Because of this the recommended procedure for transferring a

one phase sample is the closed loop method.
1b) When transferring a sample using the Closed-Loop method, the

valve configuration after the initial pressurization of the system
is as follows: - Ensure V3, V4 and V7 are closed then open V2.
All other valves should be in the open position. Note that after
transferring the sample (using the Air Regulator to control rate
of transfer) a slight drop in gauge pressure can be observed.
It is critical that the pressure does not fall below the well
pressure.
A pump stroke counter is incorporated on the front panel to give

an indication of the progress of a transfer (600 ml is equivalent
to a specific number of pump strokes). The stroke counter
requires between 30-115 psi (2-8 bar) to operate correctly.
2a) The Open-Loop configuration using the Pump Stroke Counter

and a Measuring Jar to monitor the progress of the Sample
Transfer with 1 pressure gauge in line. „This procedure is most
suited for occasion when bubble-point analysis follows sample
transference“.
2b) When transferring a sample using the Open-Loop method with

1 pressure gauge on line (located above Snubber Valve), 600cc
of Water/Glycol is allowed to escape through V8. The valve
configuration after the initial pressurization of the system is as
follows: - All valves are in the Open position with the exception
of V2 and V6 which are closed. Transfer Fluid is bled out of V8
into a measuring jar while constant pressure is maintained using
the Air Regulator. After transferring is complete (600cc observed
in measuring jar) a slight increase in gauge pressure will be seen.
V8 should immediately be closed to prevent the sample pressure
dropping too low.
3a) The Open-Loop configuration using the Pump Stroke Counter

and a measuring jar to monitor the progress of the sample
transfer with 2 pressure gauges in line. „This procedure is also
most suited for occasions when bubble-point analysis follows
sample transference“.

3b) When transferring a sample using the Open-Loop method with

2 pressure gauges on line (one located above the Snubber Valve
and the other on the V1 gauge manifold) 600cc of Water/Glycol
is allowed to escape through V8. The valve configuration after
the initial pressurization of the system is as follows:
All valves are in the Open position with the exception of V5

and V2 which are closed. Transfer Fluid is bled out of V8 into a
measuring jar while a constant pressure is maintained using the
Air Regulator. After transferring is complete (600cc observed in
measuring jar) a slight increase in gauge pressure will be seen
on the V1 manifold gauge. V8 should immediately be closed to
prevent the sample pressure dropping too low which will be seen
on the gauge located above the Snubber Valve. If the Sampler
pressure is allowed to drop, this should not be detrimental to
the sample.
The pressure must not be allowed to fall below 10350 kPa

(1500 psi) above the expected bubble point.
When transfer is complete the Pump will stop and a sudden but
slight pressure drop will be observed on the gauge.
Close the Top Valve on the Piston Sample Bottle and the Sampler
Needle Valve. Close V5 so that the system is minimized for bubble point
determination (OPS operation). Disconnect the Transfer Adapter and
remove from Sampler.
Slip the Sampler along the Body Clamps so that the Piston Sample
Bottle will be free to rotate 180° anti-clockwise, see fig. 57.
Fig. 57

9.4 Transfer Control
Absolute control and flow observation is required when transferring.

An additional gauge is supplied (15K Secondary Gauge) and can be
connected to a Bulkhead Fitting on the Front Panel. An extra Main
Gauge can be supplied on request if necessary.
This allows the opportunity to monitor pressure of fluid being pumped

into the Sample Chamber against the pressure below the Piston on the
Transport Cylinder as transfer circuit is in progress. Any blockage in the
system which would inhibit the transfer would then be detected, as
both gauges should maintain balance of transfer pressure.
This second gauge is very useful in detecting an incorrect valve set-up,

as setting up for transfer incorrectly can lead to a build up in pressure
thus blowing the Safety Head Rupture Disc.

10 Bubble Point Analysis
Having transferred the sample into the Piston Sample Bottle, we can
begin to assess the bubble point. In the Piston Bottle an agitation facility
has been built in to aid the mixing of the gas and oil.
Agitate the sample by rotating the Bottle 180° anti-clockwise watching

for any pressure decrease. If a pressure decrease is observed then the
sample is not monophasic. The pressure must be returned to the same
pressure before agitation. Open V5 and operate the Pump. Repeat the
agitation process until there is no pressure drop.
Check that V8 is closed, then quickly open and close V7 to allow the
Indicator Rod on the Constant Volume Assembly to reach its full 2cc
stroke. Pump the measured volume into a graduated cylinder by opening
V8, then close again. The Sampler pressure should be noted after two
minutes and the process repeated on two minute steps, see fig. 58.
Fig. 58
In cases where sample has a low G.O.R. and appropriate low

bubble point is expected it may be necessary to temporarily
remove the Constant Volume Assembly return Spring as this will
cause a back pressure and may affect the results, in confirming
bubble point. After release of transfer fluid through V8 the
Indicator Rod has to be pushed back manually.
The bubble point graph may now be plotted with volume or steps
drawn on the X-Axis and pressure on the Y-Axis. The point where the
two extrapolated lines joining the points intersect is the bubble point
for that sample at ambient temperature, see fig. 59.

Graph A: Sampler filled with formation water

Graph B: Sampler filled with reservoir fluid
Graph C: Sampler filled with gas
Fig. 59 - Sub-Surface Sampler Bubble Point Graph

11 Rigging Down
11.1 Rigging down after transfer
1) With the sampler isolated, shut valve V5 on the transfer bench.
2) Open the Nitrogen Release Valve on the Type one phase 600
cylinder, see fig. 54. This will release the nitrogen to make
contact with what remains of the transfer fluid and thereby
maintaining the sample one phase.
3) Observe the pressure on the gauge; the pressure should still read
2,000 psi above well pressure. Close the Cylinder Angle Valve.
This valve is marked with a “T”, see fig. 54.
4) Shut off the air supply to the pump and bleed down the pressure
in the transfer bench, by, opening valve V5 and slowly opening
valves V2 and V3. This will allow the transfer fluid to bleed back
into the reservoir.
5) Remove the hose and connections from the bottom valve of the
cylinder, then re-fit the plugs to both top and bottom valves.
6) Remove the sample cylinder from the transfer bench.
7) Screw on the valve protection caps, label the cylinder and fill
out the sampling sheet in duplicate. Include one of the duplicate
sampling sheets with the cylinder in the transportation box.
8) Put the piston sample cylinder into its transport box ready for
dispatch to the PVT laboratory.
9) It is advisable to dispose of the transfer fluid from the sample

chamber, as it will be contaminated with displacement fluid (oil).
Disconnect the sampler hose from the transfer bench. Connect
the air line to the air outlet port on the front panel of the transfer
bench and the other end to the transfer port, see fig. 60. Open
the sample chamber needle valve, V1, V2, V3, V4and close V5,
keeping the pump supply valve closed and open the air supply
valve. Direct the flow of transfer fluid into a suitable container.
10) The sample chamber can be disconnected from the transfer

bench and redressed.

Fig. 60
11.2 Transfer Bench Rigging Down
1) Wait for the pressure in the Piston Sample Cylinder to stabilise

then note the pressure and temperature of the sample.
2) Bleed off Transfer Fluid through V7 and V8 to required shipping

pressure or until the pressure drops to zero. This will indicate
that the Piston has reached the bottom of the Sample Bottle.
3) Close the Bottom Valve on the Piston Sample Bottle tightly - the
Top Valve should already be closed but if not, close tight. Bleed
off remaining pressure through valves V7 and V8.
4) Open all the valves on the Transfer Bench to allow the system to
bleed down.
5) Fit a plug to the Bottom Valve on the Piston Sample Cylinder.

Disconnect the Transfer Adapter from the Top Valve and fit a
plug.
6) Remove the Piston Sample Bottle from the Transfer Bench.
7) Label the Sample Bottle and fill out the Sampling Sheet in
duplicate, including one copy with the Piston Sample Bottle.
8) Put the Piston Sample Bottle into its Transport Box ready for
despatch to the P.V.T. Lab.

Fig. 61
9) The Transfer Fluid can be recycled from the Sample Chamber

back into the reservoir, using a special airline. Fit one end to
the air outlet port on the Front Panel of the Transfer Bench, see
fig. 61.
Open the Sample Chamber Needle Valve, V1, V4, V3, V2 and
close V5, keeping the Pump Supply Valve closed and opening
the Air Supply Valve. The Transfer Fluid will flow back into the
reservoir.
10) The Sample Chamber can be disconnected from the Transfer

Bench and redressed if necessary.

12 Periodic Checks at the Workshop
12.1 Shuttle Mechanism Assy
With the Shuttle Mechanism separated from the Air Chamber, the
Internal Valve Seals can be replaced. Firstly unscrew the Retaining Bush
using the Small Extractor, see fig. 62.
Fig. 62
If the Retaining Bush is stiff and difficult to unscrew by hand, then a

spanner can be used as the Extractor is manufactured from hex bar.
Pull out the Piston Valve Stem and Trigger, see fig. 63.
Fig. 63
Using the Needle Valve Key unscrew the Retaining Screw, see fig. 64.
Fig. 64

This will give access to the Internal Seals.
Using the O-Ring Lever and withdraw the complete assembly.
Fig. 65
Replace seals and insert the Seals Assembly in the correct order and
tighten Retaining Screw.
Smear a small amount of Leusynth oil on the O-Rings before

assembly.

12.2 Relief Valve
The Relief Valve has been built into the Shuttle Mechanism Assembly.
With the Air Chamber Plug and the Air Chamber removed attach the
Hydraulic Prime Pump to the Air Chamber coiled tube, see fig.66.
CAUTION: When assembling the Swagelock-Compression

fittings to the Shuttle Mechanism it is CRITICAL that the flats
on the Hex are parallel to the centre. (If not then the fitting
will damage the sealing bore in the Air Chamber & the Locking
Screw cannot be removed).
Slowly build up pressure until the Relief Valve cracks open.
Fig. 66
The pop-off pressure must be around 11700 kPa (1700 psi) and will
slowly bleed back to between 8950 kPa (1300 psi) and 6900 kPa
(1000 psi). If adjustment is required, slacken the Lock Screw with a 1/16“
A/F Allen Key and turn the adjustable grubscrew until setting is correct.
Fig. 67
Tighten the Lock Screw and check pop-off pressure. Disconnect

Hydraulic Prime Pump and fit Air Chamber and Air Chamber Plug.

12.3 Clock
Wind the Clock up to its full running time. This will depend on the range
of the Clock.
Place the Clock on a flat surface such that the Clock Body is supported
but the Cone and Winding Head are free to rotate.
Note the time, and check Clock time hourly against wristwatch.
Repeat this procedure with the Clock horizontal, vertical and inverted.
Should any problems occur with the Clock, return the unit to the
manufacturer for servicing

12.4 Anti-Premature Closing Assembly
With the Anti-Premature Closing Assembly attached to the Rod, break

the Spring Retaining Nut from the Brake Collet and unscrew. This should
be done in a vertical position, see fig. 68.
Fig. 68
Lift out Piston Rod and Rod Connector, and the Spring Retainer and
Spring will come with it (taking care not to lose the four balls which
may fall out).
With the Assembly separated, inspect the Rod Connector, Balls, Brake
Collet, for signs of wear or damage. Check that the Rod Connector is
tightly fastened to the Rod and nip up if required.
Coat balls with a light film of grease and place them in their ports in the
Ball Retainer.
Gently lower the Brake Collet over the Ball Retainer taking care not to
push the balls into the centre. Once this is completed, push the balls
towards the outside of the Ball Retainer so as to allow the Rod Connector
into place, then screw up tight. Lock the Assembly as described in an
earlier section and check the operation.
The Brake Collet and the Ball Retainer should collapse leaving no
gap. If a gap should occur, this will be a result of one or more of
the balls failing into the centre of the Ball Retainer.

12.5 Flow Regulator
Testing the operation of the Flow Regulator can be achieved by setting

up a Test Unit as shown in fig. 69.
This Test Unit can be supplied on request by the manufacturer.
End Cap Large Port

Outlet Pressure
9650 - 11050 kPa
(1400 - 1600 psi)
End Cap Small Port

Outlet Pressure
2050 - 3450 kPa
(300 - 500 psi)
55150 kPa
(8000 psi)
Fig. 69
The only purpose of the 1/4 NPT grubscrew is when using the
Prime Hand Pump in conjunction with the Flow Regulator Test
Unit the grubscrew plugs the port when the 0-41350 kPa (6000
psi) gauge is removed on the Prime Port Adapter.
1) Using the Small Front Orifice End Cap 5300.0.11.08002, Flow

Regulator Piston 5300.0.11.08007 and any Flow Regulator Body,
apply 55150 kPa (8000 psi) in, and the gauge should indicate
between 2050 kPa (300 psi) and 3450 kPa (500 psi).
To prevent and air lock distorting the outlet side pressure, open
the valve and allow a slight flow through, then closing the valve
very slowly.
2) Using the same set up as before, apply 55150 kPa (8000 psi)

to the Large Orifice End Cap. Between 9650 kPa (1400 psi)
and 11050 kPa (1600 psi) should be indicated on the gauge. If
pressure rises above these given levels, the matching End Cap
and Piston should be returned to the manufacturer for repair.
End Cap and Piston have been matched and tested, on no

account should these be separated and used on non-matching
pieces unless tested as described above.

12.6 Sample Chamber Assy Pressure Test Procedure
Dress the lower of the Sampler as far as the Flow Regulator/Prime Nipple
but DO NOT set the Premature Closing Assy. Assemble as normal but
use the Transfer Lock Sleeve to push the Needle Valve body onto its
seat as though the Tool had taken a sample, see fig. 70.
Fig. 70
Screw Transfer Adapter into the Needle Valve Body and inject oil into
the Sample Chamber until full. Close the Needle Valve and the Prime
Port Valve and disconnect the Pump.
Screw Transfer Bench Sleeve Assy onto the Flow Regulator/Prime Nipple
Assy, see fig. 71.
103400 kPa (15000 psi)

from Pump
Fig. 71
Pressure up to 103400 kPa (15000 psi). If this test is satisfactory with

no leaks, bleed off the pressure and redress the Tool as described in an
earlier section.
If leak is discovered on the Needle Valve Seat, the combined unit

must be returned to the manufacturer for repair.

12.7 Well Simulating Test
A function test can be carried out before despatching the Tool to the
well site. This will test the Sampler’s function completely, but it also
gives the operating engineer an opportunity to get familiar with the
sampling equipment.
A Well Test Simulator has been designed by LEUTERT engineers initially

as a training aid, but the unit serves several other purposes. The Sampler
is simply assembled ready for running in the well except the Nose
Cone is substituted for the Well Test Simulator (c/w Adapter, O-Ring &
Spanner). Once the test is complete, a simulated transfer can be carried
out.
Assembly
A) Follow the instructions as per Running The Tool, except fit the
Simulator to the Sample Chamber prior to filling and priming.
B) Attach the pipe work supplied and connect it to the Transfer

Bench using the Top Bulkhead Fitting. Fit the Main Gauge onto
the Snubber Valve
C) Shut V2, V7, V8, and open V3, V4, V5, Snubber, V6, V1.
D) Start the Transfer Pump stroking, using a nominal pressure of

6900 kPa (1000 psi). When the test is complete, the Pump will
stop.
E) Remove the Simulator Sub and check the Tool has closed. If the
test is satisfactory, clean the Tool and return to Transport Box.
Proceed as per standard manual instruction for Tool Preparation.
Fit Flow Regulator select Body No. 4 with a Large Orifice for this test.
As per fig. 34, set Push Rod in position, and fit Trigger per fig. 35.
Set up Chamber for, Pressure Test via Prime Port. Chamber System and
Shuttle Assembly Seals can be pressure tested to 13800 kPa (2000 psi),
if pressure does not hold, confirm that Push Rod has been set in and
fixed by screw, otherwise if no pressure is being held, cause may be
leak at seal in Shuttle Assembly.
Now bleed back System-Test pressure to zero and prepare for pre-
pressure of Sample Chamber per table as per Tool preparation to run
In-Hole.

Before attempting to pre-pressure Lower Sample Chamber to 6900 kPa

(1000 psi) first remove Bottom Nose Cone and fit special Adapter Test
Well Simulation Sub.
This cannot be done if there is pressure in Chamber.
Maximum working pressure of sub is 20700 kPa (3000 psi), and

this must not be exceeded.
Proceed to pre-pressure Chamber via Hand Pump with Buffer Fluid as

per fig. 37.
Transfer Pressure Hose from System to Well Test Cell and apply over-
pressure to about 10350 kPa (1500 psi). Set Air Regulator to maintain
the pressure from Transfer Bench.
To enable Tool to operate fit Clock Housing and Clock (wound for
minimum running time) then release Push Rod Holding Screw.
Can also be done by holding up Trigger in place as per setting

on Clock Cam, and when ready to engage sampling action
dropping Trigger allowing Push Rod to move back and activate
sampling via action of Buffer Fluid filling Air Chamber through
Shuttle Assembly. Pump will continue to stroke maintaining a
pressure (which may have dropped from original setting due to
air in system). When Floating Piston reaches top of stroke and
collapses Premature Closing Assembly, pressure will build up to
10350 kPa (1500 psi) again as Needle Valve Body pulled up to
close Inlet Ports. Shut off air pressure to Pump.
Open Valve V2 which allows Fluid Pressure from Test Cell to bleed back
to Reservoir.
Test Cell should now be free to be unscrewed and immediately replaced

with Locking Sleeve which allows access to Needle Valve Body Assy.
Before trying to unscrew confirm that no pressure is left in Test Sub.
Confirm by sight that Posi-Lock Pin has dropped into place as Needle
Valve Body Assy moved up leaving Protection Sleeve behind, move
Sleeve back and expose Plug on Needle Valve Body Assy.
Now before disassembly of Air Chamber from Sample Chamber, fit Ring
Spanner to Prime Port Nipple, and bleed down any pressure.

Unscrew Air Chamber Section complete leaving the Flow Regulator/

Prime Nipple Assy attached to the Sample Chamber.
Fit the Transfer Adapter and Hose Assembly and prepare for transfer to
Cylinder Ref. (M).
Water Glycol mix or Buffer Fluid left in Lower Sample Chamber after the
operation can be propelled back into beaker or reservoir by fixing airline
to Transfer Adapter.
After completion of Training/Trial of the sampling equipment thoroughly

dry off and apply light smear of Leusynth Buffer Oil.
12.8 Function Test of Fully Assembled Sampler

(Pneumatic)
This procedure is used by LEUTERT engineers as a final functional

check before packing and despatch. This ‘Clean’ Test has been
introduced to test the Tool without contaminating the internals with
oil. The Test involves the use of compressed air & nitrogen although
clean compressed air can be used throughout if the air pressure is high
enough.
A) Assemble the Sample and Air Chamber Assemblies together.

Remove the Nose Cone and substitute it for the Well Test
Simulator (A), see fig. 72.
No Flow Regulator is used.
Fig. 72
B) At the Flow Regulator/Prime Nipple fit a Vacuum Pump to Port

(B). Crack open Port (B) and evacuate the Air Chamber and
Sample Chamber.

C) When full vacuum is observed, close the Prime Port and

disconnect the Vacuum Pump. Then using the Setting Tool push
in the Piston valve Stem fully and screw in the Setting Screw (C)
to hold the Piston Valve Stem in position.
D) Fit Trigger Mechanism and Container Tube to the Assembly

and push in Sampler Clock. The Sampler Clock can be held into
position using a piece of tape.
LEUTERT technicians use a demonstration Sampler Clock that

has no timing mechanism. This mechanism can be operated by
revolving the knurled handle which in turn revolves the Slotted
Cone. This item can be purchased if necessary, see fig. 73.
De
mo
nst
rat
io nC
lo c
k
Fig. 73
E) Back off the Setting Screw. Now the Prime Port (B) can be
opened allowing the Sample Chamber to return to atmospheric
pressure.
F) Pressurize the Sample Chamber Assembly through Prime Port (B)

to 400 - 500 kPa (60 - 70 psi) using compressed air. Close Prime
Port and remove the Air Line.
G) Pressurize the Sample Chamber through Inlet (A) in the Well Test
Simulator to 850 kPa (120 psi) with Nitrogen or compressed air if
850 kPa (120 psi) can be achieved, see fig. 74.
Cylinder Regulator
Air Regulator Nitrogen

Cylinder
Fig. 74

H) Rotate the Clock (if a demonstration Clock is used) or pull out

the Clock if a standard unit is used. The Tool will then operate
and will simulate a sample being taken (in this case a Nitrogen
sample).
I) The Regulator Gauge will flicker as the Piston runs up the Tube.
A double click will be heard as the Piston collapses the Premature
Closing Assembly and draws home the Needle Valve Body.
J) The sample run will now be completed. Bleed down any pressure
in the Well Test Simulator, then remove the unit. On removal
screw in the Transfer Lock Sleeve (for safety reasons).
K) Bleed off the air at the Prime Port (B) to release pressure from
the Air Chamber.
L) Push back the O-Ring Protector and remove the Transfer Port
Plug. Then carefully bleed off the Nitrogen from the Sample
Chamber.
M) The Sample Chamber can now be dismantled and the Premature

Closing Assembly reset. Push in the Assembly and re-assemble
complete.

12.9 Transfer Bench Pressure Test Procedure
1) Plug all Bulkhead Fittings, fit Main Gauge and Secondary Gauge
to System. (As per Customer’s Requirements).
2) Start Pump Stroking & Bleed Out all the air from the System.
3) Pressurize the entire System to 68950 kPa (10,000 psi). (This

figure should be a maximum for the duration of the Test Period).
4) Close V7 and open V8 and observe the Main Gauge for any
indication of a pressure drop.
7) Re-pressurize the System to 68950 kPa (10,000 psi).
8) Close V4 and V1 and then open V2. At this point observe the
Secondary Gauge for any indication of a pressure drop.
9) Open the Sampler Port (Bulkhead Fitting Plug) and observe the
Secondary Gauge. It should maintain the same pressure reading.
10) Open V1 to release the contained pressure.
At this Point the Pressure Test is complete.
12.10 Cylinder Maintenance and Cleaning
For servicing of the cylinders, it is useful to have suitable vice clamps to

hold the cylinder in a vertical and horizontal positions.
1) First, remove Valve Port Plugs and check that the cylinder has
been de-pressurised and the sample drained into a suitable
container for disposal.
2) Similarly, check and drain any residual displacement fluid from

the cylinder.
3) Remove the external circlips holding on the Valve Protection

Cages using the circlip pliers (tool list, item 21). Check the
circlips for corrosion and replace if necessary. Remove the cage
protectors.

4) Remove the internal circlips securing the End Caps, using the
circlip pliers (item 22). Check the circlips for corrosion and
replace if necessary.
5) With the valves left in situ, remove the End Caps with the special
two-pin spanner (item 6).
6) After removing the sample end, End Cap, carefully roll the mixing
ball from the cylinder.
7) From the non-sample end insert the Piston Puller tool (item 18)
and screw into the attachment hole in the centre of the piston.
8) Pull the Piston from the Cylinder. The special tool has a weighted
knocker to aid the piston removal which can be hammered
against the reverse of the handle whilst pulling on the piston.
9) Remove all the O-Rings and Back-up Rings from the End Caps
using O-Ring picking tool (not included in tool kit). Care should
be taken not to cause any damage to the O-Ring recesses.
10) Remove the G.T. Ring and Support Rings from the Piston
together with the Wear Ring, again take care not to damage the
O-Ring recess during the removal.
11) All parts are ready for cleaning and inspection.
12) Clean the Cylinder Bore, by wiping through with clean absorbent
material wetted with Lowtox Solvent, check the bore of the
cylinder is smooth and clean, and shows no sign of scratches or
markings. If the bore does appear marked in anyway refer to
the manufacturer for advice.
13) Clean the Piston with Lowtox Solvent.
14) Clean both the End Caps.

13 Exploration Well Sampling
Accurate TWT Data are crucial to well completion and production,

formation, evaluation and reservoir characterization. Very often the slick
line operator, who is sending to collect such a sample, does only know
very little about sampling. The following instruction to exploration well
sampling shall put the operator and his supervisor into the position
where he or she can decide which sampling procedure is the best to be
followed.
13.1 Hydrocarbons
Mineral oil and gas are known as hydrocarbons because they contain
compounds predominantly from hydrogen and carbon, symbols H and C.
As the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of a hydrocarbon

increases, the boiling point increases. Compounds with 1-4 carbon
atoms per molecule are gases at normal ambient temperatures, with
5-15 carbon atoms generally these are liquids and greater number
normally solids at ambient temperatures. Crude oils are complex
mixtures and contain a very large number of different hydrocarbons
and its properties reflect this composition.
Three broad classes of hydrocarbons exist in crude oil. They are aliphatic
compounds, cycloparaffins or naphthenes and aromatic compounds.
Some of the molecular forms of these compounds are illustrated
below:
1) Aliphatic compounds (n-paraffins or alkanes)

Methane................................. CH4
Ethane.................................... C2H6
Propane.................................. C3H8
Butane.................................... C4H10
These are distinguished by having the carbon atoms linked in
open chains. C4 and higher paraffins have the possibility of
branched chains, iso-paraffins.
2) Cycloparaffins or Naphthenes
These contain carbon atoms linked in rings of 5 or 6 atoms, with
side chains on the rings.
Cyclopentane.......................... C5H10
Cyclohexane........................... C6H12
Methyl-Cyclohexane............... C7H14
3) Aromatics compounds
These contain carbon atoms linked in rings of 6 atoms but with
extra bonding between these atoms. Again with side chains on
the rings.
Benzone................................. C6H6
Toluene.................................. C7H8
Xylene.................................... C8H10

All three types of hydrocarbons are found in crude oil and the crude
oil may be typified, as for example paraffinic, when it is predominantly
composed of paraffin hydrocarbons, and alternatively, napthenic or
aromatic. As the boiling point of these hydrocarbons increases the
number of carbon atoms per molecule increases and hydrocarbons
belonging to more than one class can and do co-exist.
Other types of hydrocarbons such as olefins or alkenes do exist and

are of great importance in petroleum processing and petrochemical
manufacture. They are not however found in any significant amounts
in crude oil.
13.2 Sulphur
Sulphur is found in all crude oils normally in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 %
weight. This is very rarely present as free sulphur but is usually combined
wither with hydrogen as hydrogen sulphide H2S in the gases and/or
with carbon and hydrogen below.
Ethyl Mercaptan...................... C2H5SH
Diethyl Sulphide...................... C2H5S-C5H5
Thiophen................................ C4H4S
These compounds are normally only present when there is a relatively
high concentration of H2S (>5000 ppmv). Apart from the mercaptans the
other sulphur compound formulae can be derived from a corresponding
hydrocarbon by replacing CH or CH2 by S. In most crude oils the
percentage of sulphur in the oil increases with the boiling point, i.e. the
naphtha fractions may have up to 0.1% sulphur, the gas fractions up to
1% and the residues up to 5% sulphur.
13.3 Other substances
Water and inorganic salts are often present in a reservoir but are
relatively easy to remove during processing by simple separation systems
and are not chemically speaking part of the crude oil.
Other elements present in crude oil in much smaller amounts than

sulphur (ppm level) but of importance to the refining and/or use of the
crude are oxygen, nitrogen, nickel and vanadium.
Oxygen is combined in what are known as naphthenic acids normally

detected by determining the acid value of the crude oil and of products
derived from it. Naphthenic acids are of importance for potential
corrosion of handling and distillation equipment. If present in sufficient
amounts they can be recovered for chemical use.
Nitrogen if present will be found in the higher boiling fraction of crude

vacuum gas oils and residues and can be of importance to use of these
products.
Nickel and Vanadium if present will be found only in the residual

fractions of crude oil. If present in more than a few ppm they can be of
importance to the use of these fractions.

13.4 PVT properties
Changes of state
In order to study the properties of gases and hydrocarbon liquids
we need to understand the relationship between them. This is best
understood by considering molecular behavior and its effect on three
physical properties, please see below:
Pressure (P)
– which is a function of molecular attraction and repulsion
Volume (V)
– which is a function of the number of molecules present
Temperature (T)
– which is a function of the kinetic energy of the molecules
When a material appears to be at rest it is actually in dynamic equilibrium

between the attractive and repulsive forces.
If one of the physical properties is changed (P.V. or T.) then equilibrium

must be established. For example, if heat is added to a liquid system
the temperature rises, because of the increase in kinetic energy of the
system and:
EITHER
Pressure increases in a closed system as a function of an increase in the
number of impacts of the molecules on the surface of containment.
OR
In an open system the volume expands to accommodate the more
excited molecules at the same pressure. In the extreme case when
enough heat is added the forces become unbalanced (boiling liquid)
and the material changes state into the gas phase.
Phase behavior is best understood by considering phase diagrams.
Pure Substances
First we look at the simple phase diagram of a pure substance.
C
PRESSURE
Solid Liquid
Gas
TEMPERATURE Tc
Phase diagram for a pure substance

The phase diagram is a plot of Pressure against Temperature. For the

purposes of hydrocarbon chemistry we can ignore the ‚Solid‘ part of
the phase diagram and concentrate on the vapour pressure line TC with
particular reference to C the critical point. The temperature and pressure
at this point are defined as:
Critical Temperature (Tc): The temperature above which a gas

cannot be liquefied regardless of the pressure applied.
Critical Pressure (Pc): The pressure above which liquid and gas
cannot co-exist regardless of temperature.
Two Component Systems

Now consider a two component system.
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a two component system
There is developed a phase envelope. The line AC is the Bubble Point

Locus and BC is the Dew Point Locus.
Observe that the definition of critical point C applied to the pure

component does not apply. Clearly liquid and gas can co-exist at
temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The critical point is
merely the point at which the Bubble Point locus and the Dew Point
locus meet.
This type of behavior becomes more exaggerated as the complexity of a

hydrocarbon mixture increases as is shown in the next diagram.
It now becomes necessary to re-define the pressure and temperature

above which gas and liquid cannot co-exist.
The cricondenbar is the pressure above which liquid cannot be

formed and the cricondentherm is the temperature above which
liquid cannot exist.

PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram illustrating the Cricondenbar and Cricondemtherm
Multi-component Mixtures (Reservoir Fluids)

Now consider ‘real’ complex hydrocarbon fluids, below are presented
typical phase diagrams for reservoir fluids under the normal classifications
accepted in petroleum engineering.
Mole %
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a Low Shrinkage Black Oil
Mole % Liq.
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a High Shrinkage Oil

Mole %
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a Wet Gas
Mole %
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a Gas Condensate

PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Phase diagram for a Dry Gas

As previously stated, phase diagrams are plots of pressure against

temperature, whereas in petroleum engineering it is more usual to
consider pressure vs. volume (PV) at a fixed or perhaps one or two fixed
temperatures.
In this case it is interesting to consider the isotherm marked 1-2-3 on

the phase diagrams which represents reservoir temperature.
With reservoir oils a drop in pressure from 1-2 brings reaches the
Bubble Point (the point at which the first bubble of gas from the
lightest component in the mixture appears). With progress from 2-3 the
gas becomes progressively richer in heavier components, as the liquid
becomes progressively depleted of light ends.
With condensate reservoir gases a drop in pressure from 1-2 brings

reaches the Dew Point (the point at which the first drop of liquid
appears). In this case it is termed retrograde condensation, which
is that the heaviest components drop out first and the gas stream
becomes progressively lighter as pressure drops.
Now consider what happens in practice when the reservoir fluid is

produced to the surface, giving rise to both a drop in pressure and
temperature.
This is demonstrated by reference to the dotted line on the phase

diagrams marked 2-Sep. The point marked ‘Sep’ denotes the Separator
Pressure and Temperature.
With oils and condensate gases the system remains within the phase
envelope where liquid and gas can co-exist. The actual point within
the phase envelope defines the relative compositions of the oil and gas
according to physico-chemical parameters which are explained later.
What is interesting to observe is that the Wet Gas produces no liquid

(in the reservoir) along the isotherm 1-2 but if the drop in pressure is
accompanied by a drop in temperature, as happens during production,
then liquid is produced at separator pressure and temperature. By
definition a Dry Gas produces no liquid even at separator conditions,
and any heavy components present have to be chilled out from the gas
stream to bring the temperature within the phase envelope.
When a reservoir should be sampled

The aim of PVT Sampling is to obtain a small sample of fluid under
pressure, which is identical to the reservoir fluid under initial conditions.
To achieve this several factors must be taken into account and decisions
made:
– Decide upon the condition of the well to be sampled.

– Decide which sampling technique will give the best chance of
obtaining a representative fluid sample.

A field discovery well is usually subjected to relatively large drawdown

pressures and considerable depletion in the production testing
necessary to determine its extent. The second and third wells drilled
will still encounter essentially virgin reservoir pressure and the problems
associated with conditioning, sampling and analysis will be minimized.
Depletion of a reservoir below the bubble-point pressure, leads to

extreme difficulty in obtaining a reliable sample. As the results from
the analysis of reservoir fluids are generally used in material balance
calculations it is desirable that the analysis is performed on original fluid
samples. Extra pollution of data from a current bottom hole pressure to
a higher bubble-point pressure is always hazardous and should only be
attempted in extreme cases.
Considerations for Well Sampling

For the results of the fluid analysis to be of maximum value in the
reservoir study, the sample must be representative of the phase that
saturated the reservoir rock initially. In an oil reservoir it will be the gas
phase. The well to be sampled should meet as many of the following
conditions as possible:
– The well should be centrally located in the field.

– It should have as high a productivity index as possible.
– The well should be completed in the section of the reservoir to be
studied. In most cases this will be the oil zone. Care should be taken
to eliminate any possibility of gas coning.
– The well should be free from water production.
– The flow in the reservoir should be single phase.
– If bottom hole sampling is required, then the sample should be
taken at or as close to the perforations as possible.
Data Required Prior to Sampling

Before sampling is attempted it is important to obtain preliminary details
of the reservoir and well characteristics for example:
– The type of fluid expected to be encountered. Oil, gas/condensate,

or water
– Whether it is saturated or under saturated.
– Whether the formation has high or low permeability.
In exploration wells Standing’s correlations can be used to estimate

the bubble-point pressure at formation temperature. To use these
correlations the following data is required:
– Initial and present static reservoir pressure.

– Reservoir temperature.
– Oil and gas gravities.
– Stabilized gas-oil ratios at one or more flow rates.

13.5 Oil reservoirs
Under saturated reservoirs

These reservoirs are characterized by a constant G.O.R. equal to the
maximum gas solubility in the oil. Bottom hole sampling and surface
sampling can be carried out with the well flowing at any stabilized flow
rate for which flowing reservoir pressure exceeds saturation pressure at
reservoir conditions.
Saturated Reservoirs
In these reservoirs the G.O.R. is only equal to the maximum gas stability
in oil during a very short initial flow period. The G.O.R. then increases
as the well is produced. Saturation pressure is equal to or near the initial
static reservoir pressure, and if an initial gas cap is present will always
equal the initial pressure.
Bottom hole sampling can be carried out if the following procedures

are adopted.
The flow rate should be progressively reduced and then the well
finally shut-in. During this process the flowing bottom hole pressure
will increase and the free gas produced into the well bore, or remain
stationary within the oil phase until the well is shut in. Reservoir saturation
pressure should be near to the initial static reservoir pressure.
At this point the well should be opened on the smallest possible choke
(e.g. 1/16”) and flowed for 10 to 15 minutes before the sampler closes.
During this short flow period draw down should be minimized and any
liberated gas should be too small to affect the validity of the samples.
The flow rate would be progressively reduced over a long period

(depending on the permeability of the reservoir) and finally shut in.
During this period the flowing bottom hole pressure will increase until
it approaches the initial static bottom hole pressure. The movable free
gas will be produced into the well bore and the stationary free gas
will remain in the pore space of the reservoir. This remaining free gas
reduces the effective permeability of the reservoir rock to single-phase
reservoir fluid, and increases the pressure drawdown.
Surface sampling
Surface Sampling can only be carried out if at the minimum stabilized
flow rate the G.O.R. is very close to the initial G.O.R.
Gas/Condensate reservoirs
Since for these reservoirs it is difficult to determine from the well test
data the exact nature of the reservoir, sampling should always be carried
out assuming the worse case, i.e. a saturated reservoir with a dew point
equal to the initial static pressure.

Surface sampling should always be carried out for gas/condensate

reservoirs, PDSshort bottom hole sampling is unsuitable for the following
reasons:
1) PVT laboratory analysis normally requires a larger sample volume

than the 600 ml available from bottom hole samplers.
2) If a sample were taken, the effect of bringing the sampler to surface

conditions would cause liquid to condense in the Sample Chamber.
This liquid would in most cases be only a small amount and would
remain behind, wetting the walls of the Chamber, during a normal
transfer at atmospheric temperature. The normal practice of heating
the Sample Chamber at surface before transfer is no guarantee that
single-phase equilibrium conditions can be achieved in the field.
Bottom hole sampling can be considered if the reservoir is known to be

undersaturated and using a One Phase Sampler.
In addition to the normal criteria for surface sampling in dealing with

gas/condensate reservoirs, a further parameter has to be met. The
liquid condensed in the tubing, between the bottom of the well and the
surface must be produced into the separator. This requires a production
rate that is sufficient to lift any condensed liquids to surface. The
general rule is; gas/condensate reservoirs are produced at a maximum
stable production rate. Of course, this does not apply to every case and
exceptions arise when formation porosity is such that there is liquid
condensed in the formation around the well bore during the clean up
phase of the well test. In the most extreme case it could take months for
a well under flowing conditions to produce representative equilibrium
reservoir fluid at surface.
Volatile oil reservoir

A volatile oil is one with very high gas solubility in relation to its bubble
point pressure and because of its high G.O.R. and low relative density
can be confused in the field with a gas/condensate reservoir. Because
of these unusual characteristics, Standing’s correlations cannot be used
to determine bubble point pressure, therefore, these reservoirs should
be sampled as gas/condensates. If PVT analysis shows that it is an oil
reservoir and the bubble point is established, bottom hole sampling can
be employed on subsequent wells.
Well conditioning
The well should be flowed until a stabilized rate is achieved such that
the G.O.R. is equal to the initial G.O.R. Stability should be achieved for a
minimum of 4 hours for bottom hole sampling and 12 hours for surface
sampling with a flowing bottom hole pressure greater that the bubble
point pressure. During this period the oil and gas flow rates, well-head
pressure, and flowing bottom hole pressure should all be constant.
The latter gives the best indication of stability but can only be used if
electronic surface read-out gauges are available.

© Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG, Adendorf, 2008
This document including all of its parts is protected by copyright.

Any utilization outside of the copyright law is not permitted without
explicit permission from LEUTERT and may be punishable. This applies
in particular to duplications of any kind, translations and transfer into
electronic systems.
Original edition. Subject to change without notice.
Issued: 20 April 2010

Part-No.: 5300.99.9999990

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PDS / OPS Sampler - Operating instructions

Positive Displacement Sampler PDSshort

Picture Courtesy of the Petroleum Engineering Department

3 The Transfer Bench..................................................................... 31

4 The Nitrogen Booster Station...................................................... 38

5 The Sample Cylinders.................................................................. 42

2 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG

7 Preparation for Running the Sampler........................................... 60

8 Transfer Bench Assembly and Preparation of Sample Cylinder...... 88

10 Bubble Point Analysis................................................................ 105

11 Rigging Down.......................................................................... 107

12 Periodic Checks at the Workshop...............................................110

13 Exploration Well Sampling........................................................ 124

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This operating manual provides instructions on how to use this product

The operating manual is directed mainly to technically trained personnel.

Please keep the operating instructions near the product to have it

Explanation of the different symbols:

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1 General Safe Handling Procedures

Pressure vessels containing gas enhance a very high energy. Damaged

Standard Operating Procedures for processes or procedures which use

Do not use flammable gases near to ignition sources. Ignition

Flames shall not be used for detecting leaks. A compatible leak

Use spark proof tools when working with or on a flammable

Do not smoke near the following equipment.

Safety shoes are required when operating or moving the

Safety glasses are required if pressure equipment is in use.

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Never allow the equipment to become part of an electrical

Portable fire extinguishers shall be available for fire emergencies.

Care must be taken when testing/priming the following

Access doors to areas which use or store flammable gases shell

2.1 Safe Handling Procedures

The Posi-Lock Pin should NOT be used for pressure or direct

The Air Chamber pressure must be bled down before removing

The N2 gas pressure must be bled down before removing the

Before commencing the transfer process the Safe Lock Assembly

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The Sampler should be handled with care avoiding any

The Relief Valve within the Shuttle Assy should be regularly

When the tool is retrieved from the well it should be set up in an

Metals become brittle when used in corrosive gas service

For sampling wells with high H2S concentration special samplers

The OPS section should be left connected to the sample

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2.2 Description of the Sampler

2.2.1 Positive Displacement Sampler PDSshort

Positive Displacement means that the synthetic fluid is replaced by the

Premature sampling is prevented by a Floating Piston held at the bottom

The transfer system allows the sample to be validated prior to despatch

The mechanical version of the Sampler is a wireline operated tool which

– Surface firing through electric line.

– Pressure activated while run in a carrier integral with a tubing string

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As further option Leutert can supply a Gauge By-pass Carrier which

The mechanical Tool may be run individually or in tandem with another.

There is an additional safety device which is fitted to the needle valve

After the sampler is returned to surface the sample can be transferred

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2.2.2 One Phase Sampler

The OPS section may be attached to the LEUTERT PDSshort sampler in

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2.3 Specification of the Sampler