Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology

Volume 4 Issue 3

Certain Exploration on Light Weight Concrete by Using Pumice

Aggregate
Prema M1*, Nagamani S2
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, P.S.R. Engineering College,
Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author
E-mail Id:-prema@psr.edu.in

ABSTRACT
The challenge observe with the special concrete including light weight concrete by using the
use of pumice aggregate (natural aggregate)[3].One of the negative aspects of traditional
concrete having high self-weight. This heavy self-weight will make it to some extent an
uneconomical structural material [2]. Light weight concrete having low density, discount of
lifeless load and to boom the thermal insulation[4]. The reduction in density produced by
using it as an alternative of coarse mixture partly in concrete[6]. In this Study an strive has
been made to examine the traditional concrete and light weight aggregate concrete the usage
of mix M30 with poly carboxyl ether admixture [3]. Light weight concrete is made by means of
Partial substitute of Coarse Aggregate with one-of-a-kind ratios of Pumice ranging from 20%,
50%, 80% and 100%[7]. This challenge is centered to decide the compression electricity and
cut up tensile power parameters of mild weight mixture concrete to discover the favorable
replacement with the above cited replacements. The outcomes are compared with
conventional concrete[8].

Keywords:-Light weight concrete, pumice Aggregate, Poly carboxyl Ether, Natural Aggregate

INTRODUCTION by the formation of bubbles or air voids

In concrete training coarse combination is
the less expensive material in comparison
to cement and maximum economic system
is obtained by means of using as a good
deal combination as viable. Aggregates
also improve the quantity stability and the
durability of the resulting concrete. A good
aggregate must produce the desired
residences in each the fresh and hardened
concrete.
Concrete is very variable cloth having a
huge variety of energy and the constituent
substances are cement, fine mixture,
coarse mixture and water. Based on studies
the use of pumice stone as substitute
fabric. Pumice is a natural aggregate of
volcanic origin produced by the release of
gases during the solidification of lava..
The cellular structure of pumice is created
when gases contained in the molten lava
flowing from volcanoes become trapped
on cooling. Replacing pumice stone with
coarse aggregate is said to be structural
lightweight concrete solves to reduce the
self weight of building. One of the most
advantages of pumice aggregate concrete
has low density of concrete. Pumice stone
is light-weight mixture of low precise
gravity. Its water absorption is as better
than ordinary coarse aggregate, because
it's far surprisingly porous fabric whilst
evaluating coarse mixture. We use Pumice
as coarse aggregate through replacing it
and sand as first-class mixture. Pumice is a
shade much less or mild grey colored
coarse combination, which floats on water.
The density of pumice is zero.25 g/cm3.
Pumice aggregate has thermal inclusion
and has low precise gravity [6].

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF
CONCRETE
• To determine whether pumice stone
light weight concrete can be used as a
structural concrete.
• To determine the compressive
strength and split tensile strength of
light weight concrete having density
below 1800kg/m3.
• To study the effect of various types
replacements (20%,50%,80%,100%)
of natural aggregate by light weight
aggregate(pumice) and conventional
concrete on 7, 28 days compressive
strength.
• It helps in reduction of dead load;
increase the progress of building and
lower haulage and handling costs.
• The weight of building on the
foundation is an important factor in
design particularly in the case of weak
soil and tall structure.
• In order to decrease the self weight of
building.
METHODOLOGY
Literature evaluations related to the
pumice stone had been amassed and
primarily based at the literature survey
initial works had been finished. Works like
collection of pumice stone became
achieved. Materials required for concrete
which include coarse combination, high-
quality aggregate, cement were
accumulated. Basic tests were carried out
on great mixture, coarse combination,
cement, pumice stone take a look at their
Fig.1:-Fine Aggregate
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Volume 4 Issue 3
suitability concrete making. The properties
of discover and coarse aggregates sieve
evaluation of quality and coarse
aggregates, tests on cement are determined
out. The Study aims to investigate the
strength related properties of concrete of
M30 grade. The proportions of ingredients
of the control concrete of grade M30 had
determined by mix design as per IS code.
Moulds were prepared to cast he specimen.
Mould of size 100*100*100mm and
cylinder mould 50*100mm were cast with
desired of partially replacement (20%,
50%, 80%, 100%) of coarse aggregate.
Casted Samples were tested after 7days
and 28 days of curing Compressive
strength and split tensile strength test was
performed using casted concrete. Results
were obtained and conclusion was arrived.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Materials
Cement
The cement used in this experimental
investigation was 43 grade OPC
manufactured by Ultra-tech cements. The
basic properties were evaluated and the
specific gravity of cement 3.15, intial and
final setting time is 40 mins and 595 mins.
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate is sieved using 4.75mm
sieve to remove the pebbles. Specific
gravity of fine aggregate is 2.60 and its
fineness modulus is 2.78. It confirms zone
II of IS 383-1970 requirements as shown
in Figure 1[7].
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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
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Coarse Aggregate Crushed granite aggregate with specific

gravity of 2.74 and retained through 20mm
sieve and will be 0 2.

Fig.2:-Coarse aggregate

Pumice Aggregate equipment. Light Weight Pumice concrete

Pumice stone is a natural lightweight
aggregate which is formed by the sudden
cooling of molten volcanic matter. Pumice
is formed at some stage in the volcanic
eruption of viscous magma, by and large
siliceous and rich in dissolved unstable
parts, mainly water vapour as shown in fig
three. Their remedy is handiest thru
mechanical dealing with, crushing and
screening. Larger quantity of concrete may
be dealt with by means of lighter
Equipment with less wear and tear on the
also reduces the stay load of formwork and
fake work [8]. When evaluate the water
absorption coarse combination to pumice
combination is greater 4.4% <
11.1%.Water absorption of pumice
aggregate is more than everyday
combination as shown in desk 1. Hence,
earlier than the usage of of pumice
aggregate, soak in water for twenty-four
hrs. Specific Gravity of pumice Aggregate
=zero.90.

Table 1:-Water Absorption of coarse and pumice aggregate

SL.NO Determination no Coarse aggregate Pumice aggregate
1 Weight of saturated surface-dried 107 50
sample(a)g
2 Weight of oven-dried sample(b)g 102 45
3 Water absorption % 4.4 11.1

Fig.3:-Pumice Aggregate

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
Volume 4 Issue 3

Poly Carboxyl Ether DESIGN MIX

The new generation of this kind of
admixture is represented by poly carboxyl
ether based super plasticizer (PCES).
With a relatively low dosage (0.3% - 1.5%
by cement weight) they allow a water
reduction up to 40%, due to their chemical
structure which enables good particle
dispersion. Specific gravity of poly
carboxyl ether is 1.08.
Mix Design
In the present study, M30 grade with
nominal mix as per IS 456-2000 and IS
10262:2009 was used. Concrete mix
proportion by weight for 1m3 and water
cement ratio of 0.42. Gives the mix used
for study [8]. Density of light weight
concrete 1500 kg/m3 and Density of
normal concrete 2400 kg/m3 [9].as shown
in Table 2.

Mix proportion
Table 2:-Mix proportion
Mix Id Proportion Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Pumice
(C:FA:CA:PA) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) aggregate
(kg/m3)
P 0% 1:2.18:3.86:0 335 733 1295 0
P 20% 1:2.18:3.09:0.25 335 733 1036 85.08
P 50% 1:2.18:1.93:0.63 335 733 647.5 212.7
P 80% 1:2.18:0.77:1.01 335 733 259 340.32
P 100% 1:2.18:0:1.26 335 733 0 425.4

PREPARATION OF TEST strength. After casting process, the

SPECIMENS
Compressive strength was found out using
cubes of standard size 100 mm x 100 mm
x 100 mm. Totally 30 cubes were cast with
6 cubes for each mix ratio. Out of 30 cubes
were used to find the compressive
specimens were kept for 24 hours and then
remoulded. They were curing for 7 days
and 28 days. Similarly the split tensile
strength Compressive test carried for
cylinder of size 50mm x 100mm.as shown
in Figure 4.

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
Volume 4 Issue 3

Fig.4:-Casting cubes and cylinders

RESULT AND DISCUSSION become tested by compression testing

Compressive Strength
Compressive power is the maximum
pressure a fabric can sustain under
pushing, crushing force. It is decided by
way of the shattering fracture of the cloth
below these forces. For this check the
specimens of size 100 mm x 100 mm x
one hundred mm is used. The compressive
power is the ratio of the most load to the
surface place of the concrete dice. Three
cubes have been examined for each blend
ratio and the common of 3 specimens is
taken because the compressive energy it
gadget of potential 2000 kN [9]. The light
weight concrete were tested for
compressive strength at the age of 7 day
and 28 day. The specimens were subjected
to a compressive force at the rate of 132kN
per minute. Fig shows the concrete cube
under test and the concrete cube
specimens, respectively. The maximum
load at failure was taken as shown in
Figure 5. The average compressive
strength of concrete specimens was
calculated by using the following equation
as shown in Table 3.

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
Volume 4 Issue 3

Fig.5:-Compression test

Fig.6:-Weight of light weight concrete and conventional concrete

Table 3:-Compression test at 7 and 28 days

Mix Id Compression strength at 7 days Compression strength at 28 days
P0% 25.1 34

P20% 15.5 25
P50% 20.1 30.6
P80% 12.2 21.5
P100% 8.8 16.5

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
Volume 4 Issue 3

Fig.7:-Graph –compression strength test at 7 and 28 days

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF
CONCRETE
Concrete cylinders of size 50 mm diameter
and 100mm length were cast with
incorporating copper slag as partial
replacement of sand and cement. During
casting, the cylinders were mechanically
vibrated using a table vibrator.
After 24 hours, the specimens were de-
moulded and subjected to curing for 7
days, & 28 days in portable water. After
curing, the cylindrical specimens were
tested for split tensile strength using
compression testing machine of 2000kN
capacity [9]. The ultimate load was taken
and the average split tensile strength was
calculated using the equation as shown in
Table 4.
Split tensile strength (N/mm2) = 2 P/pi L
D
The split tensile strength test was carried
out as per IS 5819: 1999. Cylindrical
concrete specimens 50 mm in diameter
and 100 mm in height were cast. The
specimens were tested for split tensile
strength using universal testing machine at
the age of 7 and 28 days [9].

Table 4:-Split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days

Mix Id Split tensile strength at 7 days Split tensile strength at 28 days

P0% 2.56 3.78

P20% 1.63 2.80
P50% 2.21 3.17
P80% 2.01 2.36

P100% 1.21 2.08

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
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Fig.8:-Tested specimen

Fig.9:-Graph –Split Tensil Strength test at 7 and 28 days

CONCLUSION  Concrete with 50% replacement of

Based on the experimental investigations
concerning the compressive strength and
split tensile strength of concrete, the
observations and the following
conclusions are drawn from the present
study.
 Compression and cut up tensile power
cost is compared to everyday concrete
and replacement of Coarse aggregate
with the aid of Pumice from exclusive
probabilities (20%, 50%, 80%, and a
hundred%).
pumice the strength is comparable
with normal concrete.
 Maximum value of strength is
obtained in 50% replacement of
Pumice with coarse aggregate.
 Result must be cited that, mild weight
concrete having density 1500kg/m3
and traditional concrete 2400kg/m3.
 The increasing percentage of pumice
stones will show negative impact on
power of concrete (electricity
decreases).
 Generally Pumice stone absorbs more
water in comparison to the nominal

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 Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete Technology
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coarse aggregate, to triumph over this Concrete. CONTRIBUTORY PAPERS,

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 The 20%, eighty% and a hundred% C.(2016).Study on Partial
alternative of everyday mixture with Replacement of Aggregate by Pumice
pumice aggregate gives least Stone in Cement Concrete.
compressive electricity with extra IJEST.4(3).
reduction in weight of concrete. 7. Pravallika, B. D., & Rao, K. V.
 Hence forth, 50% of substitute can be (2016). The Study on Strength
efficaciously used for structural cause. Properties of Light Weight Concrete
Replacement of (20%, 80% and a using Light Weight
hundred%) can simplest be used for Aggregate. International Journal of
non structural purpose. Science and Research, 5(6), 1735-
1739.
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