Semiconductor diodes I

Volt/amperas characteristic measurement.

1. Measurement in the forward direction: Build the circuit in Fig. 1. fig. 1
Use the safety resistor R = 1 k. Set the output voltage U1 on the variable
voltage source to get the prescribed values of current IF = 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8;
1; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 mA. Write down values of the current, IF and the voltage,
UF. Produce the graph of current IF versus voltage UF. Repeat the
measurement for all diodes – the silicon rectifying diode, the red LED, the
Schottky diode, and the Zener diode. Put all curves into the common
graph. Compare voltages, UF of all diodes at IF = 4 mA. Determine the
static resistance, Rs , at the IF = 4 mA of all diodes using the formula:

IF SOURCE VOL
0,2 1,8 1,57
0,4 2 1,59
0,6 2,2 1,61
0,8 2,3 1,62
1 2,7 1,63
2 3,6 1,65
4 5,5 1,7
6 7,6 1,72
8 9,8 1,73
10 11,7 1,74

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IF VOL
RS= UF/IF
RS
3,975
2,683333333
2,025
1,63
0,825
0,425
0,286666667
0,21625
0,174

RD= (UF1-UF2)/(IF1-IF2)= 0,01 ohm Where IF2= 4mA and IF1= 6mA

2. Measurement in the reverse direction: Build the circuit in Fig. 2. . fig. 2

Set the voltage, U1 = 10 V and write down readings of IR and UR. Repeat
measurement with the rectifying diode, the red LED, and the Schottky
diode.
For 10 V we have 10,11V and no current in the amperimeter because the diode is in
indirect way.

3. The Zener diode in the reverse direction measurement: Build the circuit
in fig. 3. fig. 3 Set the voltage, U1 of the source so to get values IZ = 0,2;
0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 mA and write down reading of voltage UZ.
Produce the graph of IZ versus UZ. Compare values of UZ to the nominal
value of UZ indicated on the body of the diode. Determine the differential
resistance in the reverse direction at IZ = 4 mA using the formula:
SOURCE UF(V) IF(Ma)
15,1 5,24 9,93
13,1 5,21 8
11,1 5,19 6
9,1 5,16 4
7,1 5,12 2
6 5,09 1
5,8 5,08 0,8
5,7 5,06 0,6
5,4 5,03 0,4
5,2 4,97 0,2
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UF(V) IF(Ma)

RD= (UF1-UF2)/(IF1-IF2)= 0,01 ohm Where IF2= 4mA and IF1= 10mA

II. A Zener diode as the voltage stabilizer. Build the circuit in Fig. 5. Fig, 5
Use R = 1 k, and the variable resistor decades () and (k) connected in
series. Set U1 = 10 V. Set RL = 10 k and decrease until UL falls down.
Write down readings of IL and UL. Produce the graph of IL versus UL. This
is the load characteristic of the stabilizer.
IF UF R
5,1 4,8 10K
5,12 4,82 1K
5,13 4,84 900
5,76 4,3 700
6,51 3,56 600
3,11 6,96 400
8,78 1,31 100
9,62 0,98 0
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IF UF

III. A diode as the- half-wave rectifier. Build the circuit in Fig. 4. Fig, 4 Use
the silicon rectifying diode (the black housing), and the variable resistor
decade (). Set maximum RL. Set sine wave U1 = 5V amplitude, frequency
f = 500 Hz on the generator. Watch the voltage, UL, across the load
resistor, RL, by the oscilloscope channel, Ch1. Than rise the frequency f =
10 kHz and set the time base to see better the peak in the negative half
cycle. If the peak is not seen well increase the frequency. Replace the
diode with the Schottky diode and compare the time duration of the peak
trr in the reverse direction. Use cursors of 4 time on the oscilloscope.
Calculate the critical frequency for the common silicon rectifying
Critical frecuency =1/2Tfr = 49,43 KHZ

The period is 6,8 micro seconds