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  • Theory of Demographic Transition

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    Jessel Ibrahim
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    This document defines key demographic terms and outlines the theory of demographic transition. It explains that demographic transition refers to the historical declines in fertility and mortality rates that occurred first in Western countries in the 18th-19th centuries and later in other parts of the world in the 20th century. The transition involves four stages: pre-transition with high fluctuating birth and death rates; early transition where death rates fall but birth rates remain high, causing population growth; late transition as birth rates start declining; and post-transition with low stable birth and death rates and negligible population growth.

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    This document defines key demographic terms and outlines the theory of demographic transition. It explains that demographic transition refers to the historical declines in fertility and mortality rates that occurred first in Western countries in the 18th-19th centuries and later in other parts of the world in the 20th century. The transition involves four stages: pre-transition with high fluctuating birth and death rates; early transition where death rates fall but birth rates remain high, causing population growth; late transition as birth rates start declining; and post-transition with low stable birth and death rates and negligible population growth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    11 views9 pages

    Theory of Demographic Transition

    Uploaded by

    Jessel Ibrahim
    This document defines key demographic terms and outlines the theory of demographic transition. It explains that demographic transition refers to the historical declines in fertility and mortality rates that occurred first in Western countries in the 18th-19th centuries and later in other parts of the world in the 20th century. The transition involves four stages: pre-transition with high fluctuating birth and death rates; early transition where death rates fall but birth rates remain high, causing population growth; late transition as birth rates start declining; and post-transition with low stable birth and death rates and negligible population growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Theory of

    Demographic
    Transition
    What is Demography?

    • Demography is the statistical study of human populations.


    Demographers look at information in order to determine specific
    characteristics of a population
    Definition of Terms

    • Fertility rate refers to the number of births in a population. This is normally


    given as a number out of another number.
    • Mortality rate, which is the number of deaths in a population. Again, this is
    normally given as a number out of another number.
    • Life expectancy refers to the age at which someone is predicted to die.
    • The age composition of a population can best be described as the age
    structure of the population. This refers to the number of people in certain
    age groups. A population may be described as having a large number of
    young people or maybe a large number of older individuals.
    Definition of Terms

    • Growth rate measures how much the population of a country grows or


    shrink over some period.
    • Demographic Transition is a model that changes in a country’s
    population.
    - Also refers to the declines in fertility and mortality that occurred in Western
    countries form 18th and 19th century onward and during the second half of
    the 20th century in much rest of the world.
    Stage 1: pre-transition

    •Characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating


    death rates.
    •Population growth was kept low by Malthusian
    "preventative" (late age at marriage) and "positive"
    (famine, war, pestilence) checks.
    Stage 2: Early transition

    •Also called Population Explosion


    •During the early stages of the transition, the death rate
    begins to fall.
    •As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow
    rapidly.
    Stage 3: Late transition

    •Birth rates start to decline.


    •The rate of population growth
    decelerates.
    Stage 4: Post-transition

    •Post-transitional societies are characterized by low birth


    and low death rates.
    •Population growth is negligible, or even enters a
    decline.
    These four stages are depicted on the
    graph below.

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