GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

WHAT IS GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY?

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

• Relating to the whole world; worldwide. • Is the statistical study of populations,

especially human beings. Demography
encompasses the study of the size,
structure, and distribution of these
populations, and spatial or temporal
changes in them in response to birth,
migration, aging, and death.
• Demographic transitions is a singular historical period during which
mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels in a particular
country or region. The broad outlines of the transition are similar in
countries around the world, but the pace and timing of the transition have
varied considerably.
 1. Stage 1: Pre-transition
THERE ARE  Characterized by high birth rates, and high
FOUR STAGES fluctuating death rates.

TO THE
CLASSICAL 2. Stage 2: Early transition
During the early stages of the transition, the
DEMOGRAPHIC
•
death rate begins to fall. As birth rates remain
high, the population starts to grow rapidly.
TRANSITION
MODEL
 3. Stage 3: Late transition
THERE ARE  Birth rates starts to decline. The rate of
FOUR STAGES population growth decelerates.

TO THE
CLASSICAL 4. Stage 4: Post-transition
Post-transitional societies are characterized by
DEMOGRAPHIC
•
low birth and low death rates. Population is
negligible, or even enters a decline.
TRANSITION
MODEL
• The transition started in mid or late 1700s in Europe. During that time,
death rates and fertility began to decline. High and low fertility happened
200 years in France and 100 years in the United States. In other parts of the
world, the transition began later. It was only the twentieth century that
mortality decline in Africa and Asia. With the exemption of Japan.
• This resulted in rapid population growth after the Second World War,
affecting the age structure of Asia and the developing world. Specifically,
the baby boom in the developing world was caused by the decline of infant
and child mortality rates.
Shigeyuki et al. (2002) stated,
“the enormous gap in life
expectancy that emerged
between Japan and the West
on the one hand and the rest
of the world on the other”.
• By 1820, the life expectancy at birth of Japan and the West was 12 years
greater than that of other countries. It increased by 20 years by 1990.

• During the 19th century, Europe and the West had an increased in share in
the world’s population, from 22% to 33%, while Asia’s and Oceania’s
contribution dropped from 69% to 56.7%
• The United Nations projected that population growth will be shifted toward
Africa. In 2150, there will be a projected increase of 2 billion if we
combine the population of Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.
The developing countries like
India and the Philippines had
higher dependency ratios than
the West in 1900. A great
increase in dependency ratio
was caused by the decline in
infant and child mortality and
high levels of fertility, with its
peak around 1970.
• Dependency ratios started to disappear because there is a decline in global
birth rate. Furthermore, the gap in fertility between the West and the less
developed countries became smaller by the 21st century. Over the next 50
years, the cases of dependency ratios of these two areas in the world will be
reversed. The aging of populations will cause a rise in independency ratio,
starting in the West.
• These changes in fertility transformed age structures through the creation of
a ‘baby boom’ generation. The aging of this generation and continued
declines in fertility and old-age mortality are shifting the population
balance in developed countries from young to old.
WORLD
POPULATION
(2022 AND 2020)
Source:
https://worldpopulationreview.com/
THANK YOU!!!
 1. Amier Lesigues
2. Francis Emmanuel Perez
3. Rafael Cabubas
4. Rex Ordame

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