Bugtong,Althea Loryn A.

Small Intestine

Mechanical Chemical Digestion

Segments and a kind of peristalsis known as Starch is transformed into maltose, maltotriose,
migrating motility complexes are the two types of and -dextrins by salivary amylase.
small intestinal movements.
Segmentations are localized mixing contractions Proteins are converted to peptides by pepsin,
that take place in intestinal regions that have while some triglycerides are converted to fatty
been greatly enlarged by chyme. acids, diglycerides, and monoglycerides by lingual
and stomach lipases.
The process of segmentation begins when The completion of the digestion of
circular muscle fibers in a section of the small carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is a collective
intestine contract, dividing the gut into segments. effort of pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice
in the small intestine.
Segmentation finishes and peristalsis starts as the
small intestine's wall becomes less dilated. The
term "migrating motility complex" refers to the
type of peristalsis that takes place in the small
intestine (MMC).
The MMC slowly migrates down the small
intestine, reaching the end of the ileum in 90–
120 minutes. Then another MMC begins in the
stomach. Altogether, chyme remains in the small
intestine for 3–5 hours.
In 90–120 minutes, the MMC travels slowly
through the small intestine until it reaches the
ileum's terminus. Another MMC then starts in the
abdomen. Chyme stays in the small intestine for a
total of 3-5 hours.

Large Intestine

The ileocecal sphincter (valve), a fold of mucous membrane that protects the passage from the ileum
into the large intestine, allowing substances from the small intestine to flow into the large intestine. The
caecum is a tiny pouch that hangs inferior to the ileocecal valve and measures just 6 cm (2.4 in) long.
The appendix, also known as the vermiform appendix, is a twisted, coiled tube that is connected to the
caecum and measures approximately 8 cm (3 in) in length. The mesentery of the appendix, also known
as the mesoappendix, connects the appendix to the ileum's mesentery's inferior portion.The colon,
which is made up of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid parts, joins the open end of the
caecum and is a lengthy tube. The transverse and sigmoid colon are not retroperitoneal, but the
ascending and descending colons are. The ascending colon, which lives up to its name, climbs up the
right side of the abdomen until it reaches the inferior surface of the liver before turning sharply to the
left to produce the right coli flexure. The colon continues as the transverse colon across the left side of
the abdomen. It slants downward beneath the spleen's inferior end on the descending colon travels
inferiorly to the level of the iliac crest on the left side as the left colic (splenic) flexure. The left iliac crest
serves as the starting point for the sigmoid colon, which projects medially to the midline and ends as the
rectum at roughly the level of the third sacral vertebra.The rectum, which is anterior to the sacrum and
coccyx, measures around 15 cm (6 in) in length. The anal canal is the final 2-3 cm (1 in.) of the large
intestine (figure 24.23b). Anal columns, which are longitudinal folds in the mucous membrane of the
anal canal, house a network of arteries and veins. An internal (involuntary) smooth muscle sphincter and
an external (skeletal muscle sphincter) protect the anus, the opening of the anal canal to the outside
(voluntary). Except when eliminating feces, these sphincters normally keep the anus closed.