CIV E 372: Structural Analysis

Prof. Yong Li, PhD, P. Eng.

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Alberta

Email: yong9@ualberta.ca
Office: ICE 6-259
 Concepts (1)

• Connections and supports

o Types
 Hinge/Pin connections/supports
 Rigid connections/support
 Roller support
 Double roller connections/support
o Constraints and forces/moment transferred

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 2

 Concepts (2)

• Members and systems

o Members
 Truss
 Beam/column members

o Structural systems
 Truss structures
 Beams
 Frames
 Hybrid system of truss members and frames

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 3

 Concepts (3)

• Geometric construction of systems

o Geometric stability
 Stable: using triangular rule
 Unstable
o Degree of static indeterminacy (S.I. #) of stable system
 DOF of rigid body system

DOF #  3m   3g  2h  r 
m  No. of rigid bodies (elements);
g  No. of simple rigid joints;
h  No. of simple hinges;
r  No. of reaction forces from supports

 S.I. # = - DOF #
– S.I. # = 0  Statically determinate
– S.I. # = 0  Statically indeterminate
Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 4
 Concepts (4)

• Statically determinate
o Reactions/internal forces (diagrams)
o Deformation calculation due to loads and support movement

• Statically indeterminate
o Degree of static indeterminacy (# of redundant
forces/constraints) in the method of consistent deformation
method
o Degree of freedom (DOF) of deformable bodies in the
method of slope-deflection method
o Reactions/internal forces
o Internal force diagrams due to loads and support movement

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 5

 Concepts (5)

• Moment at hinge

• Moment at rigid connections

• Moment diagrams along a member

o No shear force
o Constant shear force  no loads applied
o Linear shear force  uniformly distributed loads

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 6

 Concepts (6)

• Influence line
o An influence line is a graph of a response of a structure as a
function of the position of a downward unit load moving
across the structure
R1(x)
x P1=1 1.0
x
Influence line for R1(x)
R1(x)

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 7

 Concepts (7)

• Golden rule: cut and equilibrium

o Break down the structural system
 Expose completely the UNKNOWN member end forces by
detaching them
 Expose completely the UNKNOWN internal forces inside the
member by cutting the corresponding member

o Use equilibrium APPRORIATELY

 All joints, subassembly, and system are in
equilibrium

Swiss Army Knife

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 Problems and Methods (1)

• Geometric construction analysis

o Stable or not
o Degree of S.I.

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 9

 Problems or Methods (2)

• Analysis of S.D. structures

o Reactions and internal forces (diagrams)
 Trusses
– Zero-force members
– Joint methods
– Section methods

 Beams/Columns/Frames
– Baseline method (superposition)
– Tension side determination (moment diagram on the tension
side)

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 10

 Problems or Methods (3)

• Analysis of S.D. structures

o Deformations (displacements and rotations)
 Double integration method
 M  x 
v  x    dx dx  C1 x  C2
 EI 
Determined from 2 disp.
 Moment area method boundary conditions

B B M  x B B M  x
 BA   B   A  A d  x   A dx  BA   d    x  dx
E  x I  x A A E  x I  x

 Work-energy method
– Principle of virtual work
 Unit load method
» Area ordinate method for the integration

N M
1     x N  dx   x M  dx   R i Ci
EA EI
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 1
A  lh
2
h
l/3
l

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 12

 Problems or Methods (4)

• Analysis of S.I. structures

o Reactions and internal forces (diagrams)
 Method of consistent deformation

1  0  11 X 1  12 X 2  1P  0


 2  0   21 X 1   22 X 2   2P  0
 When only loads applied

MiM j Ni N j
 ij   ji    ds ( flexural )    ds(axial )
EI EI
MiM P Ni N P
iP    ds ( flexural )    ds(axial )
EI EI
 What if we also have support movement in the structure?

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 13

 Problems or Methods (5)

• Analysis of S.I. structures

o Reactions and internal forces (diagrams)
 Slope-deflection method
– Fixed end force/moment
– Kinematic force/moment
qL 2
Pab 2 Pa 2b
qL2
12 L2 P L2
12A B
2
A B
qL qL
qL Pb 2
3 
L  2a  Pa 2
 L  2b 
24 2 L L3
2 a b

A  BA L
B EI EI EI  BA
A M AB  4 A  2 B  6
L L L L
 A EI B EI EI EI  BA
 2  A  4 B  6
L  BA   B   A M BA L L L L
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 Problems or Methods (6)

• Analysis of S.I. structures

o Reactions and internal forces (diagrams)
 Slope-deflection method
– Fixed end force/moment
– Kinematic force/moment

 
 BA  BA
A A
EI EI
B L B
L

EI EI  BA EI EI  B   A
M AB  3 A  3  3 A  3
L L L L L L

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 15

 Problems or Methods (7)

• Analysis of S.I. structures

o Reactions and internal forces (diagrams)
 Slope-deflection method
– Fixed end force/moment
– Kinematic force/moment


A EI
EI EI M BA   A
M AB  A L B
L L

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 16

 Problems or Methods (8)

• Influence lines
o Methods 1.0 Z(x1)
Z(x2)
 Equilibrium methods x
 Kinematic methods x1
x2
o Applications Influence line for RA(x)

q
P1 P2
A B A B
x1 x1
x2 x2

L L
x2
RA(x) = P1Z(x1) + P2Z(x2) RA   qZ  x  dx
x1

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 17

 Questions

q q

B EI B EI
C C
EI L EI L

A A
L
L
(a) (b)

(All members are axially rigid)

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 Questions

• Questions
o Is structure (a) geometrically stable or not?
o What is the degree of static indeterminacy of structure (a)
and (b), respectively?
o For structure (a)
 Determine the moment diagram (sketch it on the tension
side)
 Determine the vertical movement and rotation at B

o For structure (b)

 Solve reaction force at C using method of consistent
deformation, and sketch the moment diagram
 Solve for the rotation at B and sketch the moment diagram

Dr. Yong Li Department of CEE, University of Alberta 19

 Questions

• Questions
o For structure (b), what if we have a support rotation (= θ)at
A, instead of the uniformly distributed load q, solve
reaction force at C using method of consistent
deformation, and sketch the moment diagram

q
o For structure (c)
 Determine the axial force in AB
B EI
 Determine the vertical movement at B C
EA L

Note:
A
Influence line (see homework problem)
L
(c)
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 Q&A

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