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0 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Week 1
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this week, students should be able to:
Hoover Dam Las Vegas, Nevada. Offshore Platform Holly, South Ellwood Field, CA.
BRIDGE
BUILDING
Building in Span
Float with Aerohotel
Cybertexture Egg
The Beautiful Strate Tower
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Structural analysis comprises the set of
What? physical laws and mathematics required to
study and predict the behavior of structures.
Beam
Truss
Frame
i) Axial
ii) Shearing
iii) Flexural (bending)
iv) Torsion
Axial Shearing
Flexural Torsion
Structural idealization
-To recognize the actual problem and then
formulate the idealized problem (modelling), so
that the structural engineer can perform a
practical force analysis of the members
-Generally, actual structure in 3-D can be
idealized to 2-D.
Idealized Structure
e.g. consider the jib crane & trolley
For analysis, we neglect the thickness of the 2 main
member & will assume that the joint at B is fabricated
to be rigid
– The support at A can be modeled as a fixed support
– Details of trolley can be excluded
Idealized
to
Support Reactions
The loads applied to a structure must be resist by
support reactions.
The number of reactions depend on the support
conditions.
Support Conditions
Pin Fix
Roller M
H
H
V V
V
Support Reactions
Actual Steel Structure Support
M
H
H
V
V
1 Horizontal, 1 Vertical 1 Horizontal, 1 Vertical, 1 Moment
Support Reactions
Concrete structure
H
Back
V V
1 Vertical 1 Horizontal, 1 Vertical, 1 Moment
Newton’s laws of motion,
∑ Fx = 0
∑ Fy = 0
∑ M o =0
Structure
Stable unstable
External Internal
Statically Statically
Determinate VS Indeterminate
Structure Structure
a)
d = 2 – 3 = -1
statically unstable
b)
d=3–3=0
statically determinate
c)
d=4–3=1
statically indeterminate to 1
degree
Examples
Frame
B C
d=5–3
=2
Statically indeterminate to 2
A D degree.
Truss
A
B d = 6 + 4 – 2(4)
=2
D
Statically indeterminate to 2
C
degree.
Stability
It is not only necessary to satisfy the equations of
equilibrium, but the members must also be properly held
or constrained by their supports
9 Vertical reaction occur, Vertical displacement = 0 9 Vertical reaction occur, Vertical displacement = 0
9 Horizontal reaction occur, Horizontal displacement = 0
d = m + r -2j
m = 11, r = 3, j = 6
A B C d = 11 + 3 – 2(6)
=2
Stable & statically indeterminate to 2
E
degree
D F
External or internal?
r–3=3–3=0
Thus, there is no redundant in external
support.
**2 internal redundants.
d = m + r -2j
A m = 6, r = 3, j = 4
B
d = 6 + 3 – 2(4)
=1
Stable & statically indeterminate to 1 degree
C D r–3=0
Thus, there is no redundant in external support.
**1 internal redundant
A d = m + r -2j
B
m = 5, r = 4, j = 4
d = 5 + 4 – 2(4)
=1
0 DOF at joint A
A B
2 DOF at joint B
DOF = 2
If axial deformation is ignored, joint B has
only rotation
Thus, DOF = 1
B
C
A B C
Joint A, B, C each has 3 DOF
Joint D, E, F has zero, 0 DOF
DOF = 9
D E F