Alfredo da Silva Angola

Project Managers Program

TECHNICAL NOTE

1.4.3. BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ELEVATOR

1.4.3.8. Doors

(Trainer: José Luis Blanco)

Alfredo da Silva Angola

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a
retrieval system without the prior written permission of SEED Campus EUROPE / ThyssenKrupp
Elevator.
ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

TECHNICAL FILE

INDEX
1. Different types of doors
2. Landing doors
3. Car doors
4. Fire resistance accuracy
5. References in Standards according to elevators

DOCUMENTS

1. MIT information
2. DVD of P-02 door.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. EN 81-1: 1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-2: 1998+A3:2009

2. EN 81-58: 2003 “Lift landing doors - Fire resistance testing“
3. MIT information
4. SELCOM catalogue
5. MEMCO light curtain catalogue

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 3/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

1. Different types of doors

In accordance with the regulations and for safety reasons, all newly installed lifts must have
doors in each landing and in the car. There are some buildings that only have doors in the
landings, but according to the regulations this was changed some years ago, and nowadays it is
mandatory to install doors in the car as well.
In many cases, we have automatically doors in landings and car, but these doors could be
manually operated (or hinged doors).

Opening and number of door panels:

The doors may have central or sideways (telescopic or lateral) opening.
The opening of the lateral doors may be toward the left or right, according to the direction in
which they open when approached from the landing.
Depending on the number of panels that form the doors, they may have two or three panels
for sideways opening, and two, four or six panels for central opening. There are some special
jobs with more panels in each door, mostly when the distance between the car and the walls of
the shaft is very little.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 4/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

Sideways opening (telescopic) Central opening

The way of opening and the number of panels will depend on the size of the doors and the
shaft. With more panels, less shaft width necessary, since they occupy less space when opened.
Also, lateral openings require less shaft space than central openings.
The approximate space for central doors of two panels is 2 x the opening.
The approximate space for sideways (telescopic) doors of two panels is 1.5 x the opening.
The approximate space for central doors of four panels is 1.5 x the opening.
The approximate space for sideways (telescopic) doors of three panels is 1.35 x the opening.
These dimensions do not take into consideration the recesses in both sides for sills and
other components that must be added.

Door materials:
Both the landing and cabin doors may be made of metal or glass or may be glazed (with a
metal frame).
Regardless of the type, all doors must have a mechanical strength so that in the locked
position they must be able to resist a horizontal force of 300 N evenly distributed over an area
of 5 cm2 in round or square section, without suffering permanent deformation; or elastic
deformation greater than 15 mm, and the safety function of the door shall not be affected.
The minimum dimensions allowed are 2 m in height.
The landing doors may comply with the regulations relevant to the fire protection for the
building concerned. For example, in Spain they must be at least flame-proof (E30), the most
usual classification for all the doors except for the one located in the upper landing; or they

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 5/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

may be unclassified, provided that the architect certifies that the lift shaft will not facilitate the
propagation of fires.
As of 2005, there is a new classification of materials (see EN 81-58:2004 15 Criteria of
performance), and the PF could be identified with E (Integrity) and always with a reference of
time in minutes.
Door operation:
There are different types of doors, according to traffic and building requirements. They play a
very important role to ensure fluid traffic movement and, above all, the maximum safety for
users.

The car door has the motor that is managed by the controller. The sequence of working is
explained below.

The doors are opened and closed by means of a device called door operator, located on the
cabin doors. It consists of a motor and a system that transmits movement to the doors, mainly
by steel cables or closed loop belts and pulleys.

The landing doors do not have an operator. They are moved by the action of the cabin
doors, which have a mechanism that drags (with the skate) the landing doors with them.
The operator’s motors may work with A.C. or
D.C. current, by means of a variable voltage
converter or a variable voltage and frequency
converter.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 6/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

In normal operation, automatically operated landing doors shall be closed after a necessary
period of time, which may be defined according to the traffic using the lift, in the absence of a
command for the movement of the car.

Safety:

In normal operation, it shall not be possible to open a landing door (or any of the panels in
the case of a multi-panel door) unless the car has stopped or is about to stop at the unlocking
zone of that door. The unlocking zone shall not extend more than 200 mm above or below the
landing level.
All doors must be equipped with a lock, which will prevent them from being opened unless
the cabin is positioned in an opening area and has stopped or is about to stop.
The effective locking of the landing door in the closed position shall precede the movement
of the car, so that the car shall not be able to start until the locking elements are engaged. An
electric safety device must prove the locking.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 7/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

Each landing door shall be capable of being unlocked from the outside with the aid of a key,
which will fit the unlocking universal triangle shape. Keys of this type shall be given only to a
responsible person. After an emergency unlocking, the locking device shall not be able to
remain in the unlocked position with the landing door closed.
Several devices are included to prevent the doors from hitting a user during the closing
movement. For this, a protective device shall automatically initiate re-opening of the door in
the event of a person being struck, or about to be struck by the door in crossing the entrance
during closing. This protective device may be incorporated in the car door and may be
neutralized during the last 50 mm of travel of each landing door panel.
Such devices include photoelectric cells or light curtains, which prevent the doors from
closing if the infra red light is interrupted. There are also ‘sensitive edge’ devices that re-open
the doors if they come into contact with an obstacle as they are closing.

Other types of doors:

- Hinged doors (manual or semi-automatic doors).
Hinged doors swivel on 2 or more hinges located on one of
the jambs and may be manual (manual opening and closing) or
semi-automatic (manual opening and automatic closing).
Some years ago, semi-automatic hinged doors were the
most common types for lifts in private homes. This has
changed and automatic doors are now becoming more
popular.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 8/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

- Sliding doors (manual or automatic doors).

There are many models of sliding doors, designed to suit
different installations. However, many of these types consist of
one or more panels that move sideways by means of rollers,
which run along a guide positioned on the lintel, with the
lower part being guided by a groove located on the sill.
These doors are used for industrial lifts and car lifts.

- Guillotine doors (manual or automatic doors).

Industrial lifts need entrances with considerable clearance.

In these cases, guillotine doors are the most appropriate
because of their safe operation and the absence of problems
regarding shaft size, which can arise with sliding doors.
These are also used for dumb waiter lifts such as those used
to transport dishes, books, files,...

2. Landing doors

The openings in the well giving access to the lift car shall be provided with imperforate
landing doors. Since there can be cars with more than one entrance, the doors can be in
different positions along the shaft. The most common arrangement is one simple entrance or
double entrance at 180º or 90º.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 9/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

When closed, the clearance between panels or between panels and uprights, lintels or sills,
shall be as small as possible (operational clearances not to exceed 6 mm).
Doors and their frames shall be constructed in such a way that they will not become
deformed in the course of time.

Main characteristics according to Standard EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-

2:1998+A3:2009.
- Mechanical strength for 300 N in 5 cm2 in round or square section without
permanent deformation, without elastic deformation greater than 15 mm
and after that force has been applied, the safety function shall not be
affected (Art. 7.2.3.1).
- Minimum height of 2 m (Art. 7.3.1).
- Clear entrance shall not extend more than 50 mm in width beyond the clear
car entrance on both sides (Art. 7.3.2).
- Prevent derailment, mechanical jamming, or displacement at the extremities
of their travel (Art. 7.4.2.1)
- The effort to prevent the door closing shall not exceed 150 N, but shall not
be measured in the first third of the travel of the door (Art. 7.5.1.1.1).
- There are more articles that are important referring to landing doors, but for
general idea, these are the most relevant.

In the factory in Madrid, we manufacture the landing doors for residential use.
Manufactured doors in TKE BU SEAME:

LANDING DOORS ECD:

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 10/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

ECD means European Common Door. It is a landing door for the low and mid-range market,
with a very competitive price that has been developed by SEAME and CENE.
This is the one being manufactured since the beginning of 2008. It is completely
interchangeable with P-02 and P-91, essential for after sales department.

•Opening: sideways (telescopic) with two panels.

•Height clearance: 2,000 and 2,100 mm.
•Door width: 700, 800, 900 mm.
•Up to 1.6 m/s lift speed.
•Interlock device: C-14 according to standard EN-81.
•Fire resistance: E-120 and EW-60.
•Panels: prime painted steel plate, stainless steel or with plate or any other material with
maximum width 0.8 mm. The steel of the base of these panels is 1.2 mm width.
•Use: with cabin door and operator VF-01.
•Delivery: to be delivered disassembled to site; requires only one person for installation on-
site.
•All the components that must be handled by people, weight less than 30 kg; this is obliged
to according to Health and Safety Rules at work, due to the weight and to avoid possible
injuries.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 11/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

ECD Landing door (view from landing) ECD Landing door (view from shaft)

Locking device C-14 Locking device C-14

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 12/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS (advantages) OF ECD LANDING DOORS COMPARE TO PREVIOUS

ONES:
These are the main advantages of this door:

• standardized production
• smaller storage space
• smaller dimensions on the assembly line
• easier maneuverability at the workplace
• cost reduction due to increasing volume and fewer components for the same functions
• interchangeable with present doors
• easy to assemble on job site

LANDING DOORS P02-C:

This is the name of the central door. It is a landing door for the low and mid-range market
with a very competitive price that has been developed by SEAME.
This is the new one that is in process of industrialization.
•Opening: central with two panels.
•Height clearance: 2,000 and 2,100 mm.
•Door width: 700, 800, 900 mm.
•Up to 1.6 m/s lift speed.
•Interlock device: C-15 according to standard EN-81.
•Fire resistance: E-120 and EW-60.
•Panels: prime painted steel plate, stainless steel or with plate or any other material with
maximum width 0.8 mm. The steel of the base of these panels is 1.2 mm width.
•Use: with cabin door and operator VF-08.
•Delivery: to be delivered disassembled to site; requires only one person for installation on-
site.
•All the components that must be handled by people, weight less than 30 kg. This is obliged
according to Health and Safety Rules at work, due to the weight and to avoid possible injuries.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 13/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

P02-C Landing door (view from landing) P02-C Landing door (view from shaft)

Locking device C-15 Locking device C-15

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 14/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

3. Car doors

The car doors shall be imperforate, except for goods passenger lifts, which may use
vertically sliding car doors, opening upward and these may be in mesh or perforated panel
form (not exceeding 10 mm horizontally and 60 mm vertically).
The car doors shall completely close the car entrances; apart from the necessary
operational clearances (not exceed 6 mm).
There can be cars with more than one entrance. The most common disposal is one simple
entrance or double entrance at 180º or 90º.

Main characteristics according to Standard EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-

2:1998+A3:2009:
- Mechanical strength, applied from inside the car, for 300 N in 5 cm2 in round
or square section without permanent deformation, without elastic
deformation greater than 15 mm and after that force has been applied, the
safety function shall not be affected (Art. 8.6.7.1).
- A protective device shall automatically initiate re-opening of the door in the
event of a person being stuck, or about to be stuck, by the door in crossing
the entrance during the closing movement (Art. 8.7.2.1.1.3).
- The effort to prevent the door closing shall not exceed 150 N, but shall not
be measured in the first third of the travel of the door (Art. 8.7.2.1.1.1).

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 15/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

- If doors are automatic power operated, a device permitting the closing

movement to be reversed shall be located with the other car controls (Art.
8.8).
- The force necessary to open the car door shall not exceed 300 N (Art. 8.11.2)
- There are more articles that are important referring to car doors, but for a
general idea, these are the most relevant.
In the factory of Andoain we are manufacturing the car doors for residential use.

Manufactured doors in TKE BUSEAME:

CAR DOORS VF-01:

•Denomination: automatic cabin door (operator) with central opening or sideways opening
(telescopic); all doors with two panels.
•Controller: controller equipment regulated with VVVF of opening and closing.
•Door width: 600, 650, 700, 800, 900 mm.
•Height clearance: 2,000 mm – 2,100 mm.
•Panels: galvanized + covering in stainless steel.
•Components: cabin doors include all the components except the sill and the toe guards,
which are included in the front panel of the cabin.
•Delivery: door panels will be delivered unassembled; assembly and adjustment will be
carried out on-site. The operator attachments over the cabin ceiling are totally adjustable.
•Photocell: To open the door when a person is detected in the clearance. This is the
standard option.
•Light curtain: this is an option and is the means to fulfill the requirements of the EN 81-70
Standard (Handicapped).

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 16/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 17/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

CAR DOORS VF-08:

This car door is very similar to the VF-01 but the basic differences are the dimensions (VF-08
is smaller than VF-01), the position of the motor and the position of the operator in the cabin.
•Controller: controller equipment regulated with VVVF of opening and closing.
•Door width: 700, 800, 900 mm.
•Height clearance: 2,000 mm – 2,100 mm.
•Panels: galvanized + covering in stainless steel or prime painted.
•Components: cabin doors include all the components except the sill and the toe guards
which are included in the front panel of the cabin.
•Delivery: door panels will be delivered unassembled; assembly and adjustment will be
carried out on-site. The operator attachments over the cabin ceiling are totally adjustable.
•Photocell: To open the door when a person is detected in the clearance. This is the
standard option.
•Light curtain: this is an option and is the means to fulfill with the requirement of the EN
81-70 Standard (Handicapped).

4. Fire resistant accuracy

According to the Article 7.2.2. of EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009 named

“Behaviour under fire conditions” for landing doors, they shall comply with the regulations
relevant to the fire protection for the building concerned and to local regulations.
There is a Standard, EN 81-58:2004 “Landing doors fire resistant test”, that specifies a
method for determining the fire resistance of lift landing doors which may be exposed to a fire
from the landing side. The procedure applies to all types of lift landing doors used as a means
of access to lifts in buildings, and which are intended to provide a fire barrier to the spread of
fire via the shaft. The procedure allows for the measurement of integrity and if required, the
measurement of radiation and thermal insulation.

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 18/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

This is a way of making a test – the same in each country – to compare landing doors with the
same classification. Therefore, when the landing door’s test is passed in one country and is
rated, it will be the same for the rest of the countries and the certification will be valid for all of

them. This is very important, because nowadays we have different certifications for each
country.
We have radiation measurements, deformation measurements, flow measurement
verification…
We have three criteria of performance:
– integrity (E).
– thermal insulation (I).
– radiation (W).
The performance of the lift landing door shall be expressed in minutes, and shall be
rounded down to the nearest classification period hereafter: 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 or 120
minutes.
The classes shall be expressed as follows:
– E tt: tt being the classification period during which the criterion integrity is
satisfied.
– EI tt: tt being the classification period during which the criteria integrity and
insulation are satisfied.
– EW tt: tt being the classification period during which the criteria integrity and
radiation are satisfied.
When criteria are combined, the time declared should be that of the criterion having the
shortest time. So a lift landing door with E: 47 min, W: 25 min. and I: 18 min. shall be classified
E 45 and/or EW 20 and/or EI 15.

5. References in Standards according to elevators

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 19/ 20

ThyssenKrupp Elevator· SEED Campus EUROPE

We have references in EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009; also the

procedure for fire test in EN 81-58: 2003.
We are going to point out the chapters of the Standard related to landing and car doors.
In Chapter 7 Landing doors and in chapter 8, inside Car, Car doors.
7 Landing doors
7.1. General provisions
7.2. Strength of doors and their frames
7.3. Height and width of entrances

7.4. Sills, guides, door suspension

7.5. Protection in relation to door operation
7.6. Local lighting and “car here” signal lights
7.7. Locking and closed landing door check
7.8. Closing automatically operated doors

8 Car
8.6. Car doors
8.7. Protection during operation of doors
8.8. Reversal of closing movement
8.9. Electrical device for proving the car doors closed
8.10. Sliding doors with multiple, mechanically linked panels
8.11. Opening the car door

Project Managers Program· -· Updated Jan 12 20/ 20