Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1 HSH205

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS 1 (HSH205)

FORMULA SHEET

Number of people with health state at a specified point in time

Point Prevalence = X 10n
Number of people in the population at the specified point in time

Number with the health state at any time during specified time period
Period Prevalence = X 10n
Number of people in the population during the specified time period

Number of people with new health events in specified period of time

Cumulative Incidence = X 10n
Total population at risk at the beginning of time period

Number of people with new health events in specified period of time

Incidence Rate = X 10n
Total person – time at risk during time period

Prevalence in exposed a / (a + b)
Prevalence (rate) ratio (PRR) = =
Prevalence in unexposed c / (c + d)

Risk in exposed a / (a + b)
Risk ratio = =
Risk in unexposed c / (c + d)

Rate in exposed a / Y1
Rate ratio = =
Rate in unexposed c / Y0

Y = person time

Risk difference = Attributable risk = Risk in exposed – risk in unexposed = a / (a + b) – c /(c + d)

Risk in exposed - risk in unexposed a / (a + b) - c / (c + d)

Attributable Fraction = = (x 100 for %)
Risk in exposed a / (a + b)

Odds ratio of exposure (OR) = ad/bc

 Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1 HSH205

Number of people who were cases and exposed

Attack rate = x 100
Number of people exposed

TP a
Sensitivity = X 100 = x 100
TP + FN a+c

TN d
Specificity = X 100 = x 100
FP + TN b+d

TP a
Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = x 100 = x 100
TP + FP a+b

TN d
Negative Predictive Value (NPV) = x 100 = x 100
TN + FN c+d