KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER – MATHS – UNIT 18: FRACTIONS, INDICES AND STANDARD FORM

KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER – MATHS – UNIT 18: FRACTIONS, INDICES AND STANDARD FORM
Key Word/Fact Definition / Rule Example
3 2
Mixed number A number made from an integer and 1 /5 and 2 /3.
fraction.
Reciprocal The reciprocal of a fraction is what you The reciprocal of 2 is 1/2.
multiply a fraction by to get 1.
The reciprocal of 1/7 is 7.

The reciprocal of 4/5 is 5/4.

Index laws A collection of rules for simplifying
expressions. 32 × 34 = 36.
xa × xb= xa+b. d4 ÷ d2 = d2.
xa ÷ xb= xa-b. (y3)2= y6.
(xa)b= xa×b.
Power of 10 A power of 10 is any of the integer powers 104= 10000
of the number ten. 103= 1000
102= 100
In other words, ten multiplied by itself a 101= 10
certain number of times (or divided if the 100= 1
index is negative) 10-1= 0.1
10-2= 0.01
10-3= 0.001
10-4= 0.0001
Standard form A way of writing really large or small One million (1000000) = 1 × 106.
numbers in the form:
The speed of light ≈ 3 × 108 m/s.

a × 10n A grain of rice weight 2.9 × 10-2 grams.

Where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer.

If n is positive, multiply ‘a’ by 10 ‘n’ times.

If n is negative, divide ‘a’ by 10 ‘n’ times.
Near standard A number that looks very similar to a
form number standard form.
Near Standard Form Standard Form
The reason is not in correct standard form 0.2 × 103 2 × 102
is because the value of ‘a’ is not between 800 × 10-4 8 × 10-2
1 and 10. 12 × 107 1.2 × 108

+ and - in To add or subtract numbers in standard Calculate 3 × 103 + 4 × 102.

standard form form it help to write them as ordinary
numbers first. Convert to ordinary numbers then add:
3000 + 400 = 3400 or 3.4 × 103.
Convert your answer back into standard
form if necessary.
×÷ in standard To multiply or divide numbers in standard Calculate 24 × 106 ÷ 2 × 102.
form form multiply the ‘a’ values first then use
the laws of indices to work out the power Re-write the calculation as:
of 10. (24 ÷ 2) × (106 ÷ 102) = 12 × 104.

Convert your answer back into standard Convert this to correct standard form:
form if necessary. 12 × 104 = 1.2 × 105.