เวกเตอร์ (คณิตเพิ่มเติม ม.5 เทอม 1)

เอกสารประกอบการสอนวิชาคณิตศาสตร2เพิ่มเติม ม.
5 เทอม 1 เรื่อง เวกเตอร2 1
เอกสารประกอบการสอน
วิชาคณิตศาสตร3เพิ่มเติม
เทอม 1
ม.5
เรื่อง เวกเตอร+
ชื่อ …………………………………………………………………………ชั้น ………………….เลขที่ ………….

โรงเรียน …………………………………………… ครูผู7สอน ………………………………………………….
เอกสารประกอบการสอนวิชาคณิตศาสตร2เพิ่มเติม ม.5 เทอม 1 เรื่อง เวกเตอร2 2
แบบฝ<กหัด 3.1ก

1. จงยกตัวอย*างปริมาณสเกลาร4และปริมาณเวกเตอร4อย*างละ 3 ตัวอย*าง
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2. ถ8าระบุทิศทางด8วยการบอกขนาดของมุมที่วัดจากทิศเหนือไปตามเข็มนาFิกา ซึ่งมีขนาดอยู*ระหว*าง
0 องศา ถึง 360 องศา โดยใช8ระบบตัวเลขสามตัว เช*น 030 องศา 125 องศา
แล8ว จงเขียนเวกเตอร4ที่แสดงการเคลื่อนที่ต*อไปนี ้
1) 120 เมตร ไปทางทิศเหนือ 2) 30 เมตร ไปทางทิศ 060 องศา

3) 80 กิโลเมตร ไปทางทิศ 300 องศา 4) 10 กิโลเมตร ไปทางทิศตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ

3. กำหนดูรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./ ดังรูป จงหาเวกเตอร4ที่เท*ากับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ต*อไปนี ้

00000⃑
1) ,- 00000⃑
2) 2/

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00000⃑
3) .- 00000⃑
4) − .-

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00000⃑
5) ,2 00000⃑
6) − ,2

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4. ถ8าระบุทิศทางโดยใช8ระบบตัวเลขสามตัวแบบในข8อ 2 และให8 4
0⃑ แทนการเดินทาง 300 กิโลเมตร
ไปทางทิศ 075 องศา แล8ว จงบรรยายการเดินทางที่แทนด8วย 40⃑
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5. ถ8าระบุทิศทางโดยใช8ระบบตัวเลขสามตัวแบบในข8อ 2 และสมมติว*าชายคนหนึ่งเดินไปทางทิศตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ
เปQนระยะทาง 3 กิโลเมตร จากนั้นเดินไปทางทิศ 315 องศา เปQนระยะทางอีก 3 กิโลเมตร
แล8วชายคนนี้จะอยู*ห*างจากจุดเริ่มต8นกี่กิโลเมตร และอยู*ทางทิศใดของจุดเริ่มต8น

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แบบฝ<กหัด 3.1ข

1. จากรูป จงเขียน 00000⃑
.2 , .,00000⃑, 000000⃑
-/, /- 000000⃑, 00000⃑
,7 , 7, ,2 และ 00000⃑
00000⃑, 00000⃑ 2, ในรูปของ 8⃑, 90⃑, :⃑, ;⃑, <⃑ และ =⃑

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2. กำหนดรูปสี่เหลี่ยมรูปว*าว >?@A ที่มีเส8นทแยงมุมตัดกันที่จุด B จงหา

1) 00000⃑ A>E
00000⃑ + 0000⃑
>? + D?A

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00000⃑ − @B
2) DB@ 00000⃑ E + @A 00000⃑
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3) DAB
00000⃑ + @? 00000⃑ E + B@ 00000⃑
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แบบฝ<กหัด 3.1ค

1. จงหาความสัมพันธ4ระหว*าง 4
0⃑ กับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ต*อไปนี ้
1) F⃑ เมื่อ 34
0⃑ − 2F⃑ = F⃑
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00⃑ เมื่อ 24
2) H 0⃑ + H
00⃑ = 2H
00⃑ + 54
0⃑
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2. กำหนด 4
0⃑, F⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ที่ไม*ขนานกัน และ 8, 9 เปQนจำนวนจริง
00⃑ = (8 + 49)4
H 0⃑ + (28 + 9 + 1)F⃑ และ J⃑ = (9 − 28 + 2)40⃑ + (28 − 39 − 1)F⃑
ถ8า 3H
00⃑ = 2J⃑ แล8ว จงหาค*าของ 8 และ 9
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3. กำหนดรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./ ดังรูป จงพิจารณาว*าข8อใดต*อไปนี้เปQนจริง

1) F⃑ = H
00⃑ 000000⃑ = 4
2) /- 0⃑ + F⃑

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L
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3) 2J⃑ − 4
0⃑ = F⃑ 00000⃑ = 4
4) 2,2 0⃑ + F⃑

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00000⃑ = H
5) ,2 00⃑ + J⃑ 00000⃑ = !"⃑ − %
6) ,2
""⃑

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4. จากรูป ถ8า > 00000⃑ = & DB,

KKKK แล8ว จงแสดงว*า B>
เปQนจุดกึ่งกลางของ ,- $
00000⃑E
00000⃑ + B-

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5. กำหนดส*วนของเส8นตรง ,- และจุด . อยู*บน KKKK
,- โดยที่ ,.: .- = M: N ถ8า B เปQนจุดจุดหนึ่ง
ซึ่งไม*อยู*บนแนวเส8นตรง ,- และให8 40⃑ = 00000⃑ B- และ F⃑ = B, 00000⃑ แล8ว จงแสดงว*า B.
00000⃑ = & (M4
'()
0⃑ + NF⃑)
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6. จงแสดงว*ารูปสี่เหลี่ยมที่เส8นทแยงมุมแบ*งครึ่งซึ่งกันและกันเปQนรูปสีเ่ หลี่ยมด8านขนาน

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แบบฝ<กหัด 3.2

1. จากรูป จงหาพิกัดซึ่งเปQนภาพฉายของจุด -(3, 3, 1) บนแกนหรือในระนาบที่กำหนดให8ต*อไปนี ้

1) บนแกน O 2) บนแกน P

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3) บนแกน Q 4) ในระนาบ OP

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5) ในระนาบ PQ 6) ในระนาบ OQ

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2. จงหารูปทั่วไปของพิกัดของจุดที่อยู*บนแกนหรือในระนาบที่กำหนดให8ต*อไปนี ้
1) บนแกน O 2) บนแกน P

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3) บนแกน Q 4) ในระนาบ OP

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5) ในระนาบ PQ 6) ในระนาบ OQ

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3. จากรูป จงหาพิกัดของจุดยอดที่เหลือของทรงสี่เหลี่ยมมุมฉาก ซึ่งมีหน8าทั้งหกหน8าขนานกับระนาบอ8างอิง

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4. จงหาว*าส*วนของเส8นตรงที่เชื่อมจุดยอด 2 จุด ของทรงสี่เหลี่ยมมุมฉากในข8อ 3 มีความยาวมากที่สุดเปQนเท*าใด
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5. จงหาภาพฉายของจุด >(3, −4, 8) และ ?(7, −2, 8) ในระนาบ OP, PQ และ OQ และตรวจสอบว*า
ระยะทางระหว*างจุด > และ ? เท*ากับระยะทางของภาพฉายในระนาบใด
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6. จงพิจารณาว*ารูปสามเหลี่ยมที่มีจุดยอดที่จุด ,(1, 2, 1), -(−1, 7, 9) และ .(11, 4, 2)
เปQนรูปสามเหลี่ยมชนิดใด
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แบบฝ<กหัด 3.3ก

1. ให8จุด , มีพิกัดเปQน (3, 4) จงหาพิกัดของจุด - ที่ทำให8 ,- 00000⃑ = S2T
5
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I
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1 4
2. กำหนด 4 0⃑ = S T และ F⃑ = S T จงเขียนเวกเตอร4 4 0⃑, − F⃑ และ − * 4 0⃑
&
0⃑, F⃑, 40⃑ + F⃑, 4
0⃑ − F⃑, 24
3 −1 -
-
-
ในระบบพิกัดฉาก โดยให8จุดเริ่มต8นอยู*ที่จุดกำเนิด
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3. จงหา ,-
00000⃑ และ 00000⃑
-, เมื่อกำหนดจุด , และ - ดังต*อไปนี้
1) ,(0, 0), -(−1, 4) 2) ,(−2, 1), -(3, 2)

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3) ,(−2, −8), -(−1, 2) 4) ,(1, 1, −1), -(0, 0, 0)

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5) ,(7, 3, 1), -(−1, 8, 3) 6) ,(1, −1, 2), -(2, −1, 0)

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1 −1
−1 3
4. กำหนด U⃑ = S 0⃑ = S T , F⃑ = V2W และ H
T,4 00⃑ = V 0 W จงหา
3 4
3 −7

1) U⃑ − 54
0⃑
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2) นิเสธของ U⃑ − 54
0⃑
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3) 2F⃑ − H
00⃑
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4) นิเสธของ 2F⃑ − H
00⃑
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8& 9 :&
0⃑ = S8 T , F⃑ = X & Y และ H
00⃑ = S: T เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ในระนาบ และ Z, [ เปQนจำนวนจริงใด ๆ
$ 9$ $
จงแสดงว*า
1) 4
0⃑ + F⃑ = F⃑ + 4
0⃑ 2) Z(4
0⃑ + F⃑) = Z4
0⃑ + ZF⃑

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3) Z([F⃑) = (Z[)F⃑ 4) (Z + [)4
0⃑ = Z4
0⃑ + [4
0⃑

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5) (4
0⃑ + F⃑) + H 0⃑ + (F⃑ + H
00⃑ = 4 00⃑)

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6. จงตรวจสอบว*าเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ในแต*ละข8อต*อไปนี้ เวกเตอร4คู*ใดบ8างที่ขนานกัน
1 2 −8 6 1 7 8 2
1) S T , S T , S T , S T , S T , S T , S T , S T
2 1 −4 3 3 0 0 4

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i
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−1
1 0 −2 1 0 &
2) V2W , V 3 W , V−4W , V1W , V−3W , \− *]
1 −2 −2 2 −2 − $
*
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7. จงตรวจสอบว*าเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ต*อไปนี้ เวกเตอร4คู*ใดบ8างที่ขนานกัน
1) 00000⃑
>? มีจุดเริ่มต8นที่ >(1, 2, 3) และจุดสิ้นสุดที่ ?(−1, 8, 11)
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−3
2) 4
0⃑ = V 9 W
12
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3) 00000⃑
B@ มีจุดเริ่มต8นที่จุดกำเนิดและจุดสิ้นสุดที่ @(1, −3, −4)
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แบบฝ<กหัด 3.3ข

1. จงเขียนเวกเตอร4ต*อไปนี้ในรูปของ ^⃑ และ _⃑ ในกรณีที่เปQนเวกเตอร4ในระบบพิกัดฉากสองมิติ
และเขียนในรูปของ ^⃑, _⃑ และ 0̀⃑ ในกรณีที่เปQนเวกเตอร4ในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิต ิ
00000⃑ = S1T เมื่อ B เปQนจุดกำเนิดในระบบพิกัดฉากสองมิต ิ
1) B,
4
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1
00000⃑ = V 3 W เมื่อ B เปQนจุดกำเนิดในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิต ิ
2) BA
−4
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00000⃑ โดยที่จุด , และ - มีพิกัดเปQน (3, 2) และ (-4, 1) ตามลำดับ
3) ,-
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00000⃑ โดยที่จุด . และ / มีพิกัดเปQน (-3, 4) และ (1, -2) ตามลำดับ
4) ./
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5) >?
00000⃑ โดยที่จุด > และ ? มีพิกัดเปQน (1, -1, 2) และ (3, 2, 6) ตามลำดับ
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i
6) bc โดยที่จุด b และ c มีพิกัดเปQน (0, 1, 1) และ (-1, -1, 2) ตามลำดับ
0000000⃑
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2. จงหาขนาดของเวกเตอร4ต*อไปนี ้
1 3 −1 3
1) S T , S T , S T , S T
2 −4 −4 2
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1 3 −4
2) V1W , V−1W , V 0 W
3 2 −1
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3) ,-
00000⃑ เมื่อพิกัดของจุด , และ - คือ (1, 2) และ (5, 7) ตามลำดับ
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4) 00000⃑
@A เมื่อพิกัดของจุด @ และ A คือ (7, 4, 1) และ (-1, 3, 5) ตามลำดับ
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3. จงหาเวกเตอร4หนึ่งหน*วยที่มีทิศทางเดียวกับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8 โดยเขียนในรูปของ ^⃑ และ _⃑

ในกรณีที่เปQนเวกเตอร4ในระบบพิกัดฉากสองมิติ และเขียนในรูปของ ^⃑, _⃑ และ 0̀⃑
ในกรณีที่เปQนเวกเตอร4ในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิต ิ

2
1) 4
0⃑ = S T
1
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1
2) F⃑ = V−3W
−1
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3) 00000⃑
,- โดยที่จุด , และ - มีพิกัดเปQน (1, -3) และ (-4, 5) ตามลำดับ
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4) 00000⃑
./ โดยที่จุด . และ / มีพิกัดเปQน (1, 5, 8) และ (0, -3, 1) ตามลำดับ
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4. จงหาเวกเตอร4ที่มีขนาด 4 หน*วย และขนานกับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ในข8อ 3

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1. จงหา 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ เมื่อกำหนด 4
0⃑ และ F⃑
ดังต*อไปนี้
1) 4
0⃑ = 3^⃑ + 4_⃑ และ F⃑ = 2^⃑ + _⃑
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2) 4
0⃑ = 2^⃑ + 5_⃑ และ F⃑ = _⃑
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3) 4
0⃑ = −^⃑ + 3_⃑ + 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = 3^⃑ + 40̀⃑
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4) 4
0⃑ = −^⃑ − 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = 3^⃑ + _⃑
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2. จงหาขนาดของมุมระหว*างเวกเตอร4ต*อไปนี้
1) 4
0⃑ = 3^⃑ + 2_⃑ และ F⃑ = 9^⃑ + 6_⃑
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2) 4
0⃑ = 3^⃑ + _⃑ และ F⃑ = −2^⃑ + _⃑
………………………………………………………………............................…….……………………………………………………………….......................................
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3) 4
0⃑ = 2^⃑ + _⃑ − 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = ^⃑ + 2_⃑ + 40̀⃑
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0⃑ = ^⃑ − 2_⃑ − 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = ^⃑ − _⃑ -0--30
4) 4

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2 4 1
0⃑ = S T , F⃑ = S T และ H
00⃑ = S T จงหา
−3 1 −1

1) 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ + 4
0⃑ ∙ H
00⃑
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0⃑ + F⃑) ∙ (4
2) (4 0⃑ + F⃑)
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3) F⃑ ∙ (4
0⃑ + F⃑)
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0⃑ + F⃑) ∙ (4
4) (4 0⃑ − F⃑)

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−4 2 6
0⃑ = V 2 W , F⃑ = V7W และ H
00⃑ = V−3W จงหา
4 7 0

1) 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ + 4
0⃑ ∙ H
00⃑
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0⃑ + F⃑) ∙ (4
2) (4 0⃑ + F⃑)
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'
9-

3) F⃑ ∙ (4
0⃑ + F⃑)
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0⃑ + F⃑) ∙ (4
4) (4 0⃑ − F⃑)
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5. ให8 4
0⃑ ≠ 0⃑ 0 และ 4
0, F⃑ ≠ 0⃑ 0⃑ ไม*ขนานกับ F⃑ จงพิจารณาว*ามุมระหว*าง 4
0⃑ และ F⃑ เปQนมุมแหลม มุมฉาก
หรือมุมปVาน ถ8า
1) 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ > 0
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2) 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ = 0
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3) 4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑ < 0
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6. เวกเตอร4ในข8อใดเปQนเวกเตอร4ที่ตั้งฉากกัน
2 3
1) S T และ S T
3 −2
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2 −1
2) S T และ S T 31
6 3
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2 1
3) V−2W และ V2W
1 2
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2 2
4) V1W และ V−2W
2 1
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………………………………………………………………............................…….……………………………………………………………….......................................
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7. จงหาค*าของ M เมื่อกำหนด 4
0⃑ = (1 − M)^⃑ + 2_⃑ และ F⃑ = M^⃑ + (M + 2)_⃑ โดยที่
1) 4
0⃑ ตั้งฉากกับ F⃑
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2) 4
0⃑ มีขนาดเท*ากับ F⃑
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8. ให8 4
0⃑ และ F⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ถ8า 4
0⃑ ตั้งฉากกับ F⃑ จงแสดงว*า
0⃑ + F⃑|$ = |4
1) |4 0⃑|$ + |F|$
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0⃑ − F⃑|$ = |4
2) |4 0⃑|$ + |F|$
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9. ให8 4
0⃑ และ F⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ถ8า |40⃑| = 5, |F⃑| = 3 และ |4 0⃑ + F⃑| = 4 แล8ว จงหา |4 0⃑ − F⃑|
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10. กำหนด 00000⃑
B, = ^⃑ + 3_⃑ และ B-
00000⃑ = 4^⃑ + _⃑ ถ8าลากส*วนของเส8นตรงจากจุด , ไปตั้งฉากกับ 00000⃑ B- ที่จุด . แล8ว
จงหาพื้นที่ของรูปสามเหลี่ยม B,.

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11. กำหนดรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./ ถ8า ,, -, . และ / มีพิกัดเปQน (7, 8), (5, 9), (11, 11) และ
(13, 10) ตามลำดับ แล8ว จงหาขนาดของมุมภายในทุกมุมของรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./
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12. ให8 4
0⃑, F⃑ และ H
00⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ถ8า |4 0⃑ − F⃑| = √3 แล8ว
0⃑| = |F⃑| = 1, |4
จงหาขนาดของ 40⃑ + F⃑ + H 0⃑ แล8ว จงหาขนาดของ H
00⃑ = 0 00⃑
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13. กำหนดรูปสามเหลี่ยมมุมฉาก ,-. โดยที่ด8าน ,. เปQนด8านตรงข8ามมุมฉาก จงแสดงว*า ,-$ + -. $ = ,. $
(พิสูจน4ทฤษฎีบทพีทาโกรัส)

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14. จงแสดงว*าเส8นทแยงมุมของรูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเป\ยกปูนตัดกันเปQนมุมฉาก

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1. จงหา
1) _⃑ × 0̀⃑ 2) 0̀⃑ × ^⃑

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3) 0̀⃑ × _⃑ 4) ^⃑ × 0̀⃑

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5) _⃑ × _⃑ 6) 0̀⃑ × 0̀⃑

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2. จงหา 4
0⃑ × F⃑ และ F⃑ × 4
0⃑ เมื่อกำหนด 40⃑ และ F⃑ ดังต*อไปนี้
0⃑ = 2^⃑ + 30̀⃑ และ F⃑ = ^⃑ + 2_⃑ − 0̀⃑
1) 4
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0⃑ = ^⃑ + _⃑ − 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = k
2) 4
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2 5
0⃑ = V7W และ F⃑ = V 4 W
3) 4
0 −3
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3. ให8 4
0⃑ = 5^⃑ − 3_⃑ + 40̀⃑ และ F⃑ = _⃑ − 0̀⃑ จงหา
1) 4
0⃑ × F⃑
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2) |4
0⃑ × F⃑|
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3) ไซน4ของมุมระหว*าง 4
0⃑ และ F⃑
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4. ให8 40⃑, F⃑ และ H00⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิติ จงแสดงว*า 4 0⃑ ∙ (F⃑ × H00⃑) = (4 0⃑ × F⃑) ∙ H 00⃑
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5. ให8 4
0⃑ และ F⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิติ จงแสดงว*า (4 0⃑ − F⃑) × (4 0⃑ + F⃑) = (24 0⃑) × F⃑
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6. ให8 4
0⃑, F⃑ และ H
00⃑ เปQนเวกเตอร4ใด ๆ ในระบบพิกัดฉากสามมิติ จงพิจารณาว*าการคูณเวกเตอร4ในแต*ละข8อต*อไปนี้
สามารถทำได8หรือไม* ถ8าทำได8 จะมีผลลัพธ4เปQนปริมาณเวกเตอร4หรือปริมาณสเกลาร4
1) (4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑) ∙ H
00⃑ 2) (4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑)H
00⃑

………………………………………………………………............................……. ………………………………………………………………............................…….
………………………………………………………………............................……. ………………………………………………………………............................…….

3) (4
0⃑ × F⃑) × H
00⃑ 4) (4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑) × H
00⃑

………………………………………………………………............................……. ………………………………………………………………............................…….
………………………………………………………………............................……. ………………………………………………………………............................…….

0⃑ ∙ (F⃑ × H
5) 4 00⃑)

………………………………………………………………............................…….
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7. ให8 4
0⃑ = 2^⃑ − _⃑ + 0̀⃑ และ F⃑ = −^⃑ + _⃑ − 20̀⃑ จงหาเวกเตอร4สองเวกเตอร4ที่มีขนาดเท*ากับ |4
0⃑ ∙ F⃑|
และมีทิศทางตั้งฉากกับระนาบที่กำหนดด8วย 40⃑ และ F⃑
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8. จงหาพื้นที่ของรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน >?@A เมื่อ >? 00000⃑ = 3^⃑ − 2_⃑ และ >A
0000⃑ = 3_⃑ + 40̀⃑
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9. จงหาพื้นที่ของรูปสามเหลี่ยมที่มีจุดยอดที่ ,(0, 2, 2), -(8, 8, −2) และ .(9, 12, 6)

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10. จงหาปริมาตรของทรงสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./27lm โดยที่ 00000⃑ ,- = 4 00000⃑ = F⃑ และ ,7
0⃑, ,/ 00000⃑ = H 00⃑
เมื่อกำหนด 40⃑, F⃑ และ H 00⃑ ดังต*อไปนี้
1) 40⃑ = ^⃑ + 0̀⃑ , F⃑ = ^⃑ + _⃑ และ H
00⃑ = _⃑ + 0̀⃑
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2) 4
0⃑ = 2^⃑ + 3_⃑ − 40̀⃑ , F⃑ = ^⃑ − _⃑ + 0̀⃑ และ H
00⃑ = ^⃑ + _⃑ + 20̀⃑
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เวกเตอร์ (คณิตเพิ่มเติม ม.5 เทอม 1)

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เวกเตอร์ (คณิตเพิ่มเติม ม.5 เทอม 1)

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เอกสารประกอบการสอนวิชาคณิตศาสตร2เพิ่มเติม ม.

5 เทอม 1 เรื่อง เวกเตอร2 1

ชื่อ …………………………………………………………………………ชั้น ………………….เลขที่ ………….

3. กำหนดูรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./ ดังรูป จงหาเวกเตอร4ที่เทากับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ตอไปนี ้

3. กำหนดรูปสี่เหลี่ยมด8านขนาน ,-./ ดังรูป จงพิจารณาวาข8อใดตอไปนี้เปQนจริง

4. จากรูป ถ8า > 00000⃑ = & DB,

3. จากรูป จงหาพิกัดของจุดยอดที่เหลือของทรงสี่เหลี่ยมมุมฉาก ซึ่งมีหน8าทั้งหกหน8าขนานกับระนาบอ8างอิง

3. จงหาเวกเตอร4หนึ่งหน*วยที่มีทิศทางเดียวกับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8 โดยเขียนในรูปของ ^⃑ และ _⃑

4. จงหาเวกเตอร4ที่มีขนาด 4 หน*วย และขนานกับเวกเตอร4ที่กำหนดให8ในข8อ 3

9. จงหาพื้นที่ของรูปสามเหลี่ยมที่มีจุดยอดที่ ,(0, 2, 2), -(8, 8, −2) และ .(9, 12, 6)

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