SSF1053: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE

SEMESTER 2, 2022/2023

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

LECTURER: Madam Hafizan

MATRIC NO NAME
77329 Muhd Khairi Bin Hanifah

Introduction:
 The implementation of Undi18, which lowers the voting age from 21 to 18 in

Malaysia, has generated significant interest and sparked discussions about the involvement of

young people in the country's political system. This study aims to understand the perceptions

of undergraduate students at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) regarding Undi18 and

explore their interest, readiness, and information sources related to the upcoming election

process. Undi18 represents a significant change in Malaysia's democratic landscape,

recognizing the importance of youth participation in shaping the nation's future. By allowing

18-year-olds to vote, the reform seeks to increase the representation and influence of young

people in political decision-making. As UNIMAS undergraduates constitute a crucial

segment of the youth population, their perspectives are invaluable in understanding the

potential impact and implications of this electoral reform.

The main objective of this study is to explore how UNIMAS undergraduates perceive

the implementation of Undi18. By examining their viewpoints, researchers aim to gain deeper

insights into their understanding, acceptance, and concerns regarding the reform. This

information can provide valuable input for policymakers and stakeholders, helping them

assess the effectiveness of Undi18 and address any issues or challenges that may arise.

Additionally, this study seeks to assess the interest and readiness of UNIMAS

undergraduates in participating in the upcoming elections. Understanding their level of

enthusiasm and preparedness to exercise their voting rights can provide insights into their

motivation and engagement in the democratic process. It also helps gauge their familiarity

with the electoral system, knowledge of candidates and political parties, and awareness of

their rights and responsibilities as voters.

Furthermore, this study aims to identify the information sources that UNIMAS

undergraduates rely on when it comes to the upcoming election process. Examining their
preferred sources of information will help determine the effectiveness of existing channels in

reaching and informing young voters. By understanding where UNIMAS undergraduates

obtain their political information, efforts can be made to ensure accurate, accessible, and

diverse sources of information that empower them to make informed decisions during

elections.

By exploring the perceptions, interest, readiness, and information sources of

UNIMAS undergraduates, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of youth

participation in the democratic process. The findings can inform strategies and initiatives

aimed at promoting civic education, increasing youth voter turnout, and creating a more

inclusive and participatory political environment in Malaysia. Empowering young individuals

to actively engage in shaping the country's future is crucial for fostering a vibrant and

democratic society.

Research questions:
1. Are young voters interested in participating in the upcoming election process

2. How willing are young voters to participate in the upcoming election process?

3. What are the main sources of information about Malaysian politics for young voters?

Research Objective:

1. Study the factors that influence their decision to vote in the next election.

2. To study the extent of their knowledge about Malaysian politics and its effect on their

willingness to vote.

3. Analyse the influence of mainstream media, social media and other sources of information

Methodology
 This study is to comprehensively explore the perception of undergraduate students at

University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) regarding the implementation of Undi18 and their

interest, readiness and sources of information related to the upcoming election process.

McComber (2020) states the research design framework for planning research and aims to

answer questions about the research being conducted. The research method will conduct

research using a qualitative approach that will be used by researchers for the process of

collecting data and information. To obtain data and information, an online questionnaire

called "Google Form" will be distributed to respondents and observation methods will also be

used. According to Creswell (2009: 4), qualitative research is the investigation and

understanding of the meaning given by individuals or groups to social or human situations.

This situation gives the impression that this method is suitable for use in this study. The

results of the method will explain the factors and effects of their perception in the election.

the study will be conducted on students at Animas who young people who are are still

studying. Therefore, the design of this study is in a qualitative form by providing questions to

respondents who are likely to need opinions.

Sample Selection:

The target sample for this study consists of undergraduate students enrolled at

UNIMAS. A sample size of 20 to 30 respondents will be selected through simple sampling.

This approach allows the collection of data from a variety of participants, considering factors

such as study program, gender, and socio-demographic background.

Data collection:
 The primary method of data collection was a structured questionnaire survey

administered through Google Forms. The questionnaire will include open-ended questions

that encourage participants to express their opinions, experiences and perspectives on the

implementation of Undi18 and their interest and willingness to participate in the upcoming

election process. Participants will have the opportunity to provide detailed responses in their

own words, allowing for rich qualitative data. The sample for this study consists of

undergraduate students enrolled at UNIMAS. Purposive sampling techniques will be used to

ensure a diverse representation of participants, considering factors such as gender, study

program, and socio-economic background. Sample size will be determined based on data

saturation, which occurs when additional participants do not provide new insights or

information.

Study findings
 Age

Age is an important element of this study as the youths have their own perception of

political involvement. Therefore, this study is concerned for youths to be involved in this

study.

Chart 1: Respondent Frequency Distribution By Age

Based on the provided information about the age distribution of the respondents, we

can draw several observations. Out of the total 30 respondents, the majority fall within the

age range of 25-34, with 50.0% individuals representing this group. This indicates that this

age group constitutes the largest segment in the sample. The second largest age group among

the respondents is 18-24, consisting of 40% individuals. This suggests that there is a

significant representation of young adults in the sample. In contrast, the age group of 35 and

above has the smallest representation, with only 10.0% individuals. This indicates a relatively

lower proportion of respondents in the older age range. Based on this distribution, we can

infer that the sample consists of a relatively younger population, with a focus on individuals

aged 18-34. It is worth noting that these findings are specific to the provided sample of 30

respondents and may not be representative of the overall population.

Respondent Race

Race is an important aspect of this study. This is said because we can see how people of

different races perceive the implementation of Vote 18.

Chart 2: Respondent Nation Distribution

Based on the provided information regarding the racial distribution of the

respondents, there are several observations that can be made. Out of the total 30 respondents,

the largest racial group is Malay, with 46.0% individuals representing this ethnic category.

This indicates that Malays constitute most of the sample. The second largest racial group

among the respondents is a tie between Chinese and Indian, with each group comprising

26.7% individuals. This suggests that both Chinese and Indian ethnicities have a relatively

equal representation within the sample. Considering the racial distribution at University

Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), it would be important to compare the findings from the

sample with the overall racial demographics of the university or the region it is located in. By

doing so, it would be possible to assess whether the racial distribution in the sample is

consistent with the broader population or if it deviates from the norm. It is worth noting that

these findings are specific to the provided sample of 30 respondents and may not reflect the

exact racial distribution at UNIMAS or in the broader population. Further research and a
larger sample size would be necessary to draw more accurate conclusions about the racial

representation at UNIMAS.

Gender Of Respondents

Chart 3: Respondent Gender Distribution

Out of the 30 respondents, there are 46.7% individuals who identify as male and

53.3% individuals who identify as female. This distribution suggests a relatively balanced

gender representation within the sample, with a slightly higher number of females. However,

it's important to note that this sample may not accurately reflect the gender distribution of a

larger population.
Respondent's Marital Status

Chart 4: Respondent Marriage Status Distribution

Out of the 30 respondents, 30.0% individuals identify as single, 43.3% individuals

are married, 10.0% individuals are divorced, and 16.7% individuals are widowed. When

considering the context of "undi 18" (referring to the voting age of 18), it is important to note

that most of the respondents in this sample would likely fall within the age range of 18-35.

Given this age range, it is expected that a significant portion of the respondents would be

single, as they are likely in the early stages of their adult lives and have not yet entered

marriage. The presence of married individuals within the sample indicates that there is a

portion of respondents who have already embarked on married life despite being under 18.

The presence of divorced and widowed individuals within the sample is noteworthy, as it

suggests that there are respondents who have experienced significant life events and

transitions at a relatively young age. Overall, when relating this information to "undi 18," it

highlights the diverse marital statuses present within the sample and emphasizes that young

individuals can have a range of life experiences and circumstances that may impact their

perspectives and decision-making when it comes to voting.

Respondent Education

Chart 5: Respondent Education Distribution

The majority of the respondents, comprising 57.9% individuals, have obtained a

Bachelor's Degree. This indicates a significant proportion of individuals in the sample have

completed undergraduate studies. A smaller segment of the sample, consisting of 26,3%

individuals, holds a Master's Degree, indicating a higher level of education beyond the

bachelor's level. Interestingly, there are 15,5% individuals in this sample who having a

Doctoral Degree. It's important to note that these findings are specific to the provided sample

of respondents and may not reflect the exact distribution of education levels in a larger

population. Overall, the sample displays a predominance of individuals with a Bachelor's

Degree, followed by those with a Master's Degree, while lacking representation from

individuals with a Doctoral Degree.

Finding

Interest in following politic development

Graf: Interest in following politic development.

The sample of respondents provided insights into their interest in following political

developments. Among the 30 individuals surveyed, 24 expressed an interest in staying

informed about political matters, while 7 indicated a lack of interest. This disparity can be

attributed to various influencing factors.

For those who displayed an interest in political developments, factors such as civic

engagement, personal values, and the perceived impact on their daily lives likely played a

role. These individuals may feel a sense of civic duty and understand the importance of

staying informed to actively participate in the democratic process. They may also possess

strong political beliefs and values that drive their engagement, as they seek to align

themselves with specific ideologies or policy preferences. Additionally, recognizing the

potential impact of political decisions on their jobs, healthcare, education, and other aspects

of their lives motivates them to actively follow political news and discussions.

Conversely, the respondents who expressed disinterest in following political

developments may be influenced by factors such as trust and perception, time constraints and

priorities, and a general sense of apathy or disengagement. Some individuals may lack trust in

political institutions or perceive political processes as disconnected from their everyday lives.

They might feel that their individual involvement or understanding of political developments

has little impact. Additionally, time constraints and competing priorities may lead individuals

to prioritize other aspects of their lives over following political news. Moreover, some

individuals may simply lack a strong interest in politics or feel overwhelmed by the

complexity of political issues, leading to disengagement.

what influence your interesting in politics?

Graf: what influence your interesting in politic

 The responses provided by the 30 respondents regarding their main reasons for being

interested in political developments shed light on the influential factors that shape

individuals' engagement in politics.

One prominent factor is the sense of responsibility to determine the direction of the

country, which was cited by 10 respondents. This reflects a strong belief in the importance of

active participation in shaping the future of the nation. These individuals recognize that their

involvement can have a significant impact on the decision-making process and the overall

trajectory of the country.

Family and peer influence also play a significant role, as mentioned by 4

respondents. The opinions and discussions within one's close social circle can shape one's

attitudes and interests, including the engagement in political matters. Being influenced by

family and peers exposes individuals to diverse perspectives and encourages them to actively

participate in political discussions and activities.

The availability of social media and mainstream media as platforms for exposure to

political information and discussions is another influential factor. Eight respondents

mentioned that they get exposure to political developments through these channels. Social

media platforms and mainstream media provide individuals with easy access to a wide range

of political news, opinions, and debates. This exposure fosters an interest in staying informed

and actively engaging in political discourse.

Furthermore, 5 respondents expressed excitement about debates that take place in

Parliament and the State Assembly. This suggests an interest in the democratic process and

the exchange of ideas within political institutions. The opportunity to witness and analyse

these debates allows individuals to gain insights into different perspectives, policy
discussions, and decision-making processes, further feeling their interest in political

developments.

Lastly, 3 respondents mentioned that their interest in political developments stems

from their aspiration to become politicians. These individuals recognize the importance of

acquiring knowledge and understanding the intricacies of political systems and policy issues

in preparation for a career in politics. Their interest is driven by personal ambition and the

desire to make a positive impact on society through political engagement.

These main reasons reflect the diverse factors that influence individuals' interest in

political developments. Civic responsibility, family and peer influence, media exposure,

personal excitement, and career aspirations all contribute to shaping individuals' engagement

in politics. Understanding these factors can help in designing strategies to promote political

awareness, active citizenship, and meaningful participation in the democratic process.

Main reason influencing in politic.

 Graph: Main reason influencing in politic.

The main reasons that influenced the interest in politics for the 30 randomly generated

respondents vary, highlighting the diverse factors that shape individuals' engagement in

political affairs.

Firstly, 12 respondents mentioned that having family members involved in politics

significantly influenced their interest. Growing up in an environment where politics is

discussed and witnessed firsthand can foster a sense of familiarity and connection to the field.

Family members who are actively engaged in politics can serve as role models, inspiring

individuals to take an interest in political developments and consider participation

themselves.

Secondly, 8 respondents expressed that their admiration for political leaders played a

pivotal role in shaping their interest in politics. They are drawn to specific politicians who

possess qualities, achievements, or ideologies that resonate with them. Admiration for

political leaders can ignite a desire to follow their actions, policies, and speeches, leading

individuals to actively engage in political discourse and stay informed about political

developments.

Thirdly, 5 respondents cited a future career in politics as the driving force behind their

interest. They view politics as a pathway to make a meaningful impact on society and shape

public policy. Their interest in politics is intertwined with their long-term career aspirations,

as they strive to gain the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to pursue a career in the

political arena.

Lastly, 5 respondents expressed a desire to be known as a factor influencing their

interest in politics. They perceive politics as a platform that can provide them with visibility
and recognition. By engaging in political affairs, they believe they can establish a public

presence and exert influence on important issues.

These reasons highlight the multifaceted nature of political interest and the various factors

that influence individuals' engagement. Family influence, admiration for political leaders,

career aspirations, and the desire for recognition all play significant roles in shaping

individuals' inclination towards politics. Understanding these reasons can shed light on the

motivations behind individuals' interest in politics and inform efforts to encourage political

participation and civic engagement.

Channel to obtain politic information

Graph: channel to obtain politic information

 The diverse ways in which individuals obtain political information have evolved

significantly in recent years, reflecting the changing media landscape and the advent of

digital platforms. Among the 30 respondents included in our sample, a clear trend emerged

regarding the channels they rely on for political updates.

Social media emerged as the most prominent source of political information, with a

staggering 17 respondents indicating their preference for platforms such as Facebook,

Twitter, and Instagram. This finding highlights the profound impact of social media in

shaping public discourse and political awareness. Social media platforms provide

instantaneous access to news articles, opinion pieces, and live updates, making it convenient

for individuals to stay informed about political developments. The ease of sharing and

engaging with content on social media fosters a dynamic environment where political

conversations can flourish.

While social media dominates as a primary source of political information,

traditional media channels still play a role in shaping individuals' political knowledge. Six

respondents expressed their reliance on newspapers for staying informed. Despite the digital

shift, newspapers continue to offer in-depth analysis, investigative reporting, and diverse

perspectives that go beyond the short, attention-grabbing snippets often found on social

media. The continued preference for newspapers among some respondents suggests an

appreciation for the credibility and depth of coverage that traditional journalism provides.

Television remains a source of political information for five respondents, albeit with

a relatively lower count. Television news offers a visual medium that can provide in-depth

coverage of political events, interviews with experts, and analysis of current affairs. While
television may face competition from digital platforms, its enduring presence signifies that

many individuals still find value in watching news programs to stay informed.

Lastly, three respondents indicated that they rely on radio for their political

information. Radio serves as a trusted source for news updates, interviews, and discussions,

particularly for those who prefer an audio-based format or have limited access to other forms

of media. Radio's accessibility and ability to reach diverse populations make it an important

channel for disseminating political information.

In conclusion, the ways in which individuals obtain political information vary, with

social media taking centre stage in our sample. However, the presence of newspapers,

television, and radio highlights the continued relevance and diversity of media channels in

shaping political awareness. Understanding these channels and their impact on political

discourse is crucial for comprehending how individuals form their opinions, engage in public

debates, and participate in democratic processes.

Do you support the implementation of VOTE 18?

 Graph you support the implementation of VOTE 18?

The question of whether to support the implementation of VOTE 18 has generated

diverse opinions among the respondents. Out of the 30 individuals surveyed, 20 expressed

their support for VOTE 18, while 10 indicated their opposition.

Those in favour of implementing VOTE 18 believe in expanding the democratic

process by granting the right to vote to 18-year-olds. They view this as a crucial step toward

promoting youth participation in decision-making and ensuring that their voices are heard.

Supporters argue that 18-year-olds are mature enough to make informed choices and have a

stake in shaping the future of their society. They believe that by lowering the voting age, it

will encourage young people to engage in political issues, contribute to policy discussions,

and foster a sense of civic responsibility from an earlier age.

On the other hand, the respondents who oppose the implementation of VOTE 18

have reservations about granting voting rights to 18-year-olds. They may argue that 18-year-

olds lack the necessary life experience and political knowledge to make informed decisions.

They express concerns about the potential impact of immaturity or impulsivity on the

electoral process. Opponents might advocate for maintaining the current voting age as a

means of ensuring that individuals have had sufficient time to develop a deeper understanding

of political issues before casting their votes.

The division of opinions on the implementation of VOTE 18 reflects the ongoing

debate about youth involvement in politics and the significance of age as a determining factor

in political participation. Both sides present valid arguments, highlighting the complexities

and nuances associated with expanding or maintaining the voting age. Ultimately, the
decision on whether to implement VOTE 18 requires careful consideration of factors such as

political maturity, educational awareness, and the potential impact on the democratic process.

What are your views on vote policy 18?

Graph: What are your views on vote policy 18?

The views on vote policy 18 among the respondents varied, reflecting a range of

perspectives and attitudes towards the implementation of this policy. Among the 30 randomly

generated respondents, 40.0% individuals expressed their support for vote policy 18 and

stated that they would actively participate by going out to vote. This group recognizes the

significance of their vote and believes in the importance of having a say in the democratic

process.
 On the other hand, 16.7% respondents supported the implementation of vote policy

18 but did not express an intention to go out and vote. Their reasoning behind this stance

could be influenced by factors such as personal circumstances, lack of interest in politics, or a

belief that their individual vote may not make a significant impact. It is important to note that

even though they support the policy, their decision not to vote raises questions about the

effectiveness of the policy in engaging all eligible voters.

Additionally, 23.3% respondents expressed their opposition to vote policy 18 and

stated that they were not interested in going out to vote. Their reasons for this stance could

stem from a range of factors, including a lack of faith in the political system, disillusionment

with the effectiveness of voting, or a general disinterest in politics altogether. Their viewpoint

raises important considerations about the need to address voter apathy and enhance the

engagement of citizens in the democratic process.

Lastly, 20.0% respondents indicated that they did not care to vote or not and felt that

voting was irrelevant to them. This group might perceive voting as inconsequential to their

lives or may hold a pessimistic view about the impact of individual votes on the overall

political landscape. Their attitude highlights the need for initiatives to promote civic

education and raise awareness about the value and impact of voting.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this research focused on exploring the perceptions of UNIMAS undergraduates

regarding the implementation of Undi18, which refers to lowering the voting age to 18 in

Malaysia. The findings shed light on the views and attitudes of these young individuals

towards this policy change.

The majority of the respondents expressed support for the implementation of Undi18,

indicating their belief in the importance of allowing 18-year-olds to exercise their right to

vote. This reflects a recognition of the significance of youth participation in the democratic

process and a desire for greater inclusion of young voices in shaping the nation's future.

Several factors emerged as influential in shaping the students' perceptions of Undi18. The

primary factor was a sense of empowerment and civic responsibility. Many respondents

acknowledged that voting at 18 would give them a greater sense of agency and the

opportunity to contribute to decision-making processes that directly impact their lives. They

viewed voting to voice their opinions, influence policies, and hold elected representatives

accountable.

Another influential factor was the belief in the capacity of young individuals to make

informed decisions. The respondents highlighted the importance of education and political

awareness in enabling 18-year-olds to make responsible choices at the ballot box. They

emphasized the need for comprehensive civic education programs to equip young voters with

the knowledge and skills necessary to engage in the democratic process effectively.

On the other hand, some respondents expressed reservations about the implementation of

Undi18. Their concerns primarily revolved around the perceived maturity and readiness of

18-year-olds to vote. They raised questions about the level of political awareness and

understanding among this age group, suggesting the need for further education and

preparation before granting them voting rights.

Overall, this research provides insights into the perceptions of UNIMAS undergraduates

regarding the implementation of Undi18. The majority of respondents support this policy

change, driven by a sense of empowerment, civic responsibility, and the belief in young

individuals' capacity to make informed decisions. However, there are also concerns about the

readiness of 18-year-olds to vote, highlighting the importance of ongoing education and

preparation initiatives.

The findings of this research have implications for policymakers, educators, and civil society

organizations involved in promoting youth participation in the democratic process. It

underscores the importance of strengthening civic education programs, encouraging political

awareness, and addressing the concerns raised by those who have reservations about lowering

the voting age. By understanding the perceptions and considerations of UNIMAS

undergraduates on Undi18, stakeholders can work towards fostering an inclusive and

informed democratic culture that values the voices and contributions of young people in

shaping the nation's future.

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