Concept Paper - Bapol 4B

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
Institute of Public Policy and Governance

Political Science Department
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
Analytical Study of the Social Indicators that Influence the Political Views in Choosing
Leaders of Millennials in Muntinlupa City
Argana, Karylle Angela E.

Baga, Reynabelle E.
Lariza, Sophia Andrea I.
Mandocdoc, Francis Daniel L.
Talib, Aleckzandra Jade B.
2023-2024
I. INTRODUCTION
As we adapt to different generations that have been emerging since we were all born,
different perspectives have also developed in our minds. The transition of beliefs, practices,
and even some information surrounding us daily continues. And that said changes apply to
children, young adults, middle-aged people, and even senior citizens. Some of the best
examples of differences in perspectives are the introduction of the LGBTQIA+ community,
continuous discussion for women's rights, and, of course, politics. We cannot deny that in
every meaningful conversation we have with our constituents, politics will always be on the
table. Most especially the discussions about one’s standards and qualities they are looking for
in a candidate, how they usually choose their leaders, and so on. In the recent presidential
election of 2022, the opinions and perceptions of voters, most especially their standards in
choosing leaders, are divided. In which, caused by how they perceived candidates, their
surroundings, the information presented to them, and a lot more factors. More significantly,
in the study of Eric Ebro (2021), he revisited the political culture of millennials, promising
citizens, and leaders of the country. This study focuses in describing and exploring the
different kinds of perceptions that the millennials have towards knowledge, how important
involvement is, and values as the main contributors in political culture. As per the result of
this research, it shows that TV and social media are two of the main sources of political
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knowledge that millennials have, and they tend to consider integrity, honesty, intelligence,
and experience in choosing candidates. However, the answer on how these social factors
influence their decision-making process or standards in electing leaders remain unexplored.
In today's time, having a wide variety of ideas can help mitigate societal and political issues
one way or another, and knowing the reasons that are causing them is much more fascinating.
In this study, the researchers aim to identify the social indicators that influence the political
views of Millennials in Muntinlupa City when it comes to choosing political leaders. It will
examine several questions such: as 1) What are the common social indicators that surround
the millennials?, 2) Why does it affect their political views?, and 3) How does the given
social indicators drive the kind of standards that they have in choosing their leaders?
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this study is to know what are the social indicators that
influence the political views of Millennials in Muntinlupa City and how it drives the kind of
standards that they have in choosing political leaders.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study entitled, “Analytical Study of the Social Indicators that Influence the
Political Views in Choosing Leaders of Millennials in Muntinlupa City”, aims to know the
social indicators that influence the political views of Millennials in Muntinlupa City and how
does it drive the kind of standards that they set in choosing their political leaders.
Specifically, it sought to answer the question:
1. How do the social indicators drive the kind of standards that the Millennials in
Muntinlupa City have in choosing political leaders?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to focus on contributing general knowledge to the community, other
scholars, researchers, and everyone who is going to use this research as their basis, on how
the social indicators surrounding the Millennials in Muntinlupa City influences the kind of
standards that they have in choosing and electing their political leaders. This study will also
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be beneficial to the local government of Muntinlupa City itself because they could gather
more information from here which they can use as a guidance in connecting more effectively
to their citizens at this age range. More importantly, this study is significant to the variables
itself, the Millennials in Muntinlupa City, because they can be fully aware of what are the
possible factors that influence their outlook in electing leaders, hence, ways to know how to
possibly improve and enlighten it.
RELATED LITERATURE
According to the study entitled, “Factors Affecting Youth Voting Preferences in the
Philippine Senatorial Election: A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis”, by Batara,
Labadan, and Roa (2021), the Philippine elections had been characterized by the presence of
a weak party system, a low information environment for voters, a history of dynastic rule, and
the involvement of media celebrities in elected political offices. These features amounted to
the observation that candidate win ability in the country is discussed often as a “personality
versus platform’’ issue, highlighting the importance of candidates’ personal background. This
study examines certain variables associated with the voting preferences of young educated
voters for the 2019 Senatorial Elections. The given text discusses the factors that influence
electoral outcomes and voters' decision-making processes. It also mentions that
socio-demographic backgrounds, such as sex and ethnicity, can influence voters' candidate
selection. It also introduces the concept that voters may believe that candidates who share
their characteristics are more likely to act in their best interest when in office. It simply
suggests that other factors, such as a voter's attachment to a political party, important political
issues, policy preferences, evaluation of candidates' personal qualities or backgrounds, and
even the influence of pre-election polls, can significantly impact voting preferences. The
study’s relevance to this research on the analysis of social indicators influencing political
views in choosing leaders of Millennials in Muntinlupa City lies in its exploration of various
factors that shape voters' decision-making processes. It provides insights into the complexity
of electoral outcomes and suggests that multiple factors beyond personal characteristics can
influence how millennials choose their leaders.
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Kulachai, Waiphot, Unisa, and Homyamyen (2023) also pointed out that voters'
preferences, attitudes, and ultimately the decisions they make in the voting booth are shaped
in part by different factors. Such as how people's long-term loyalty to political parties
influences their voting choices by investigating party affiliation. Comprehending the
influence of candidate attributes will also facilitate our understanding of how voter
perceptions and preferences are influenced by personal qualities, qualifications, and
leadership qualities. The ways in which voter preferences and attitudes are shaped by party
affiliation and candidate attributes.
Dolipas (2021) proved in her study entitled, “Perceptions on Politics and Political
Participation of Benguet State University Students”, that student's political participation in
school and in their community is largely determined by their political beliefs. Because of how
politics was portrayed in the media, most students had a negative opinion of the field and
were uninterested in politics. The primary ways that BSU students participate in community
politics are through casting ballots in elections and going to open forums on social or political
matters. Their main way of getting involved in school politics is by showing up to and
actively participating in student meetings.
According to Utari et. al., (2023), the millennial generation, comprising individuals
born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s, represents a significant demographic group
with the potential to shape the political landscape. This research studies the different
determinants given by millennials when it comes to political participation in general
elections, on either how it encourages them or disencourages them in participating. The study
also reveals three different factors that encourages the political participation of millennials,
which are: 1) education, 2) social media, and 3) economic factors. Education, as it served as
the dominant factors because of how important it should be in discussions like politics. Social
Media, as how it was able to transform as fastest way in spreading informations. And,
economic factors, as how someone’s economic stability might hinder them to have or have
not proper knowledge in political discussions.
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II. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Theoretical Framework
This study applied the theory of phenomenology as a theoretical framework. This
theory provides a structured approach to conducting research, allowing us to delve into the
essence of human experiences. It also gives a foundation for exploring the social indicators
that surround the Millennials and how it possibly influences their political views, considering
their unique experiences, cultural influences, and the societal contexts in which they came of
age. This study evaluated the Millenials of Muntinlupa City to identify the social indicators
that affect the political views in choosing their political leaders.
Figure 1.1 - Theoretical Framework

The framework presented above shows the variables and the chosen theory the
researchers get for this study. The first box reveals one of the main focuses of this research,
the social indicators influencing political views. Meanwhile, the following second box
demonstrates another variable of this study: millennials. The third box consists of the theory
that will guide this research, the phenomenology theory. Lastly, the remaining box below
depicts the totality of the study, identifying the common social indicators that influence the
political views of millennials and how it affects their standard in choosing leaders.
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Conceptual Framework
Figure 1.2 - Conceptual Framework

In this figure, it shows the conceptual framework that the researchers used in this
study to further understand and gather needed data for the research. In input, the
demographics of the respondents as well as the statement of the problem are indicated.
Second, on the process box, the data gathering procedure was included which is the
face-to-face interview and survey that the researchers decided to use to collect information.
And lastly, for the output, the expected outcome of the study would result in identifying the
social indicators that influence the political views of Millennials in Muntinlupa City and how
it affects their standards in choosing leaders.
Research Design
For this study, a qualitative research design was used. It assists in enabling researchers
to gain a better understanding of complex concepts, social interactions, or cultural
phenomena. Researchers also used an explanatory research method. Using that, they will
identify the various perspectives of Millenial citizens in Muntinlupa City in an in-depth
interview to clarify how certain social indicators mold the standards that they have in
choosing leaders.
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Sources of Data and Sample Selection

The researchers will use two modes when gathering the data for this study: primary
and secondary data. The preliminary data will consist of the respondents themselves: the
millennials (ages 28-43 years old) of any gender and whichever barangay they are residing
in, from Muntinlupa City. As for the secondary data, the researchers will also base the result
of this study on other literature, journals, articles, and research that will support the whole
study. On the other hand, the researchers will also choose respondents through purposive
sampling to precisely and effectively gather the data for this research.
Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers will utilize an interview-based data collection instrument to gather
information from the Muntinlupa citizens. This method facilitated a more comfortable and
open response from the respondents and ensured that the questions were relevant, specific,
and aligned with the research objectives. The researchers will also include a
survey-questionnaire, along with the interview, to further identify and find the common social
indicators that the millennials have in their surroundings.
Data Gathering Procedure

In the data-gathering procedure of this study, a two-stage face-to-face structured
interview approach and survey will be employed. Initially, the researchers will ask each
respondent's permission to participate in the interviews conducted at specific locations. Once
approval is obtained, interviews will be shown with each respondent according to the
predetermined schedules of qualified voters in Muntinlupa City. The researchers will also
record the interview meeting, estimated 15-20 minutes, with the interviewee's permission. In
addition, to get a more detailed basis for the social indicators that influence the Millennials
and their political views, the researchers will also include survey-questionnaires to identify
the latter. Other than that, the researchers will also use secondary data such as journals,
articles, and other related studies for more in-depth analysis.
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Data Analysis
The researchers use narrative analysis to analyze all the data in this research. The
purpose is to understand the participants' experiences and perspectives better. The study
explored how social indicators drive the kind of standards that the Millenials in Muntinlupa
have in choosing political leaders. It is essential to maintain the originality and integrity of
each individual's narrative throughout the entire process of digesting the data gathered to
maintain the consistency and accuracy of the information shared during the interview and
survey.
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REFERENCES:
Batara, E. B., Labadan, A. K., & Roa, M. (2021). Factors Affecting Youth Voting Preferences
in the Philippine Senatorial Election: A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis.
Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan: Journal of Government and Politics, 12(3).
https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.123137
Eric Ebro (2021). Political Attributes of Millennials in a State University in Zambales,

Philippines.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&scioq=study+about+affecting+so
cial+indicators+of+millennial+voters+philippines&q=social+indicator+affecting+the+politic
al+decision+of+millennials+in+the+Philippines&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1706884317408&u=
%23p%3D-Z0nSDBz0iIJ
Dolipas, Ma. Theresa B. 2021. “Perceptions on Politics and Political Participation of Benguet
State University Students.” June 28, 2021.
http://portal.bsu.edu.ph:8083/index.php/BRJ/article/view/282.
Kulachai, Waiphot, Unisa Lerdtomornsakul, and Patipol Homyamyen. 2023. “Factors

Influencing Voting Decision: A Comprehensive Literature Review.” Social Sciences 12 (9):
469. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12090469.
Utari, U., Wulandari, Y., Colby, C., & Crespi, C. (2023, September 30). Political Participation
of the Millennial Generation in General Elections: The Influence of Education, Social Media,
and Economic Factors. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora.
https://doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v12i3.10
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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

Institute of Public Policy and Governance

Argana, Karylle Angela E.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

II. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Figure 1.1 - Theoretical Framework

Figure 1.2 - Conceptual Framework

Sources of Data and Sample Selection

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Eric Ebro (2021). Political Attributes of Millennials in a State University in Zambales,

Kulachai, Waiphot, Unisa Lerdtomornsakul, and Patipol Homyamyen. 2023. “Factors

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