Windows 7

Sahaj eLearning

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 Windows 7
Table of Contents

Introduction to Windows 7
What is an Operating System?
Microsoft Windows OS
Introduction to Windows 7
The Windows 7 UI
The Windows 7 Advanced Features

Start Working with Windows 7

Log on to Windows 7
Interacting with the Computer
Using Mouse
Using the Keyboard
Using Keyboard Shortcuts
Turing off the Computer

Windows 7 Desktop
What is Desktop?
Desktop icons
Customizing Icons

Windows 7 Interface
Windows and Dialog Boxes
More Controls
Managing Windows

The Taskbar
What is Taskbar?
Using the Taskbar to Organize Windows
The Notification Area
Customizing the Taskbar

Start Menu
Overview of the Start Menu
Getting Started with the Start Menu
Opening Programs from the Start Menu
Search Box
The Right Pane
Customizing the Start Menu

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 Customizing the Right Pane of the Start Menu

Desktop Gadgets
What are Desktop Gadgets?
Getting Started with Gadgets
Managing Gadgets

Personalizing Your Computer

Aero Desktop Experience
Using Themes
Desktop Background
Creating a Desktop Background Slideshow
Changing Window Color
Sound Schemes
Screen Savers
Customize a Theme
Making Text on Screen Larger or Smaller
Screen Resolution
User Account Picture

Programs, Files and Folders

Managing Files and Folders
Working with a Folder or Library Window
Viewing and Arranging Files and Folders
Copying and Moving Files and Folders
Using Programs

Exploring your Computer

The Computer Folder
Using Documents, Music, Pictures and Video Libraries

Managing Your Computer

Control Panel Overview
Managing Users
Creating and Deleting User Accounts
Installing a Program
Uninstalling a Program
Turn Windows Features On or Off
Installing a Printer
Types of Printers
Hardware and Device Manager
Folder Options
Advanced Settings for Files and Folders
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 The Shutdown Menu

Utilities
Windows 7 Utilities
Using Compressed Folders
Mounting and Dismounting USB Drives
Notepad
Sticky Notes
Paint
Snipping Tool
Calculator
Games
Playing Audio and Video
Windows Speech Recognition
Setting Up Windows Speech Recognition

Internet
About Internet
Internet Explorer Basics
E-mail Basics
Installing and Configuring Outlook 2010
Using Outlook 2010

Windows Security
Windows Action Center
Antivirus
Windows Defender
Windows Firewall
Bit locker

Maintenance
Checking and Fixing Disk Drives
Disk Cleanup
Defragmentation
Task Manager
Task Scheduler
Using Safe Mode
Command Prompt
Backup and Restore
Creating a New or Fresh Backup
Restore Files from a Backup
Creating System Image
Restore Your Computer from a System Image
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 System Protection and Restore Points
Create a Restore Point
Restoring Your System

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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Windows 7

What is an Operating System?

An operating system or OS is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and
provide common services for application software. An OS is a software program that enables the
computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer
operating system, a computer would be useless.

Examples of popular modern operating systems include, Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows
etc. Even Android is a popular OS, which is used in mobile phones.

Microsoft Windows OS
Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems designed by Microsoft Corporation
and primarily targeted to Intel architecture based computers. Latest version is Windows 7 which
recently overtook Windows XP as most used OS.

Microsoft Windows originated in 1985 as an application running on top of MS-DOS, which was the
standard operating system shipped on most Intel architecture personal computers at the time.

Introduction to Windows 7

Windows 7 is the current release of Microsoft Windows for use on personal computers, including
home and business desktops, laptops, net books etc. Windows 7 was released worldwide on October
22, 2009.

The Windows 7 operating system

offers innovative technologies that
improve performance, reliability,
security, and compatibility. It also
offers new capabilities that can help to
improve user productivity, enhance
security, and reduce operating costs.

Some of the new features included in

Windows 7 are advancements in
touch, speech, and handwriting
recognition, support for virtual hard disks, support for additional file formats, improved
performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance, and kernel improvements.

One of the biggest improvements in Windows 7 is the Windows User Interface (UI), but there have
also been other improvements like better networking features and security.

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Also, Windows 7 supports both 32 bit CPUs as well as 64 bit CPUs. Installing the 64 bit edition of
Windows 7 requires a 64 bit CPU and supported hardware, which makes processing much faster.

Windows 7 has many editions –

• Windows 7 Starter
• Windows 7 Home Basic
• Windows 7 Enterprise
• Windows 7 Home Premium
• Windows 7 Professional
• Windows 7 Ultimate

Some advanced features, such as Aero Desktop Experience and support for 64 bit processing, are
not available in Starter edition.

The Windows 7 UI

• The new Taskbar allows you to dock application icons in it. You can point to a taskbar icon
to see a thumbnail preview
of open files or programs or
move your mouse over a
thumbnail to preview the
window full-screen.
• New Aero Themes have
been uniquely created for
Windows 7. Aero Peek,
Aero Shake and Aero Snap
give unique and interactive
ways of viewing and resizing
open windows.
• Place Gadgets anywhere on
the Screen.
• Libraries make it easier to
find and organize
documents, pictures and videos.

The Windows 7 Advanced Features

• The new Action Center allows users to see alerts regarding backup, Antivirus etc. critical
system issues and take immediate action.

• Network connection and configuration can be done in seconds.

• Windows Defender protects your system against MalWare.

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 • Back up and System Restore is now easy and less tedious.

• Drive Encryption allows your files to be protected.

And many more new features that make working easy and fun.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Operating system, Microsoft Windows Operating system and its application.

Introduction to Windows 7 as an operating system for personal computer including home and
business desktops, laptops, net books etc.

Different editions of Windows 7, Windows 7 User Interface, and Windows 7 Advanced features.

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Lesson 2 – Start Working with Windows 7

Log on to Windows 7
When your computer starts and Windows 7 OS get loaded, the first thing you require to do in order
to start using the computer, is to log on. After Windows 7 OS gets loaded, you will see the log on
screen. Here you have to click on
your user account logo and then
type the password if your account
is password protected. After you
type the password, you need to
click the arrow icon on the right
side or press the Enter key. If
there is no password, it will
directly log on when you select the
user logo.

Once you login, you will get to see

the Desktop. We will learn more about the desktop later.

Interacting with the Computer

Mouse and Keyboard are the primary input devices which we will use to interact with the computer.
Let us see how to use them.

Using Mouse

Just as we would use our hands to interact with objects in the physical world, we can use our mouse
to interact with items on our computer screen. We can move objects, open them, and perform other
actions, all by pointing and clicking with
mouse.

A mouse typically has two buttons - a

primary button (usually the left button)
and a secondary button (usually the right
button). You will use the primary button
most often. Most mice also include a
scroll wheel between the buttons to help
you scroll through documents and
WebPages more easily.

To move the mouse, slide it slowly in any direction. As you move the mouse, a pointer on your
screen moves in the same direction.

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Pointing, clicking, and dragging

Pointing to an item on the screen means moving your mouse so the pointer appears to be touching
the item. When you point to something, a small box often appears that describes
the item. For example, when you point to the Recycle Bin on the desktop, a box
appears with this information: "Contains the files and folders that you have
deleted."

The pointer can change depending on what you're pointing to. For example, when you point to any
link in your web browser, the pointer changes from an arrow to a hand with a pointing finger.

Most mouse actions combine pointing with pressing one of the mouse buttons. There are four basic
ways to use your mouse buttons: clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking, and dragging.

Clicking (single-clicking)

To click an item, we should point to the item on the screen, and then press and release the primary
button (usually the left button).

Double-clicking

To double-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then click twice quickly. Double-
clicking is most often used to open items on our desktop. For example, we can open a folder by
double-clicking it.

Right-clicking

To right-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then press and release the secondary
button (usually the right button).

Right-clicking an item usually displays a list of things we can do with the item. For example, when
we right-click the Recycle Bin on your desktop, Windows displays a menu allowing us to open it,
empty it, delete it, or see its properties.

Dragging

We can easily move items around the screen by dragging them. To drag an object, point to the
object on the screen, press and hold the primary button, move the object to a new location, and
then release the primary button.

Using the scroll wheel

If your mouse has a scroll wheel, you can use it to scroll through documents and webpages. To
scroll down, roll the wheel backward (toward you). To scroll up, roll the wheel forward (away from
you).
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Using the Keyboard

Whether we are writing a letter or calculating numerical data, keyboard is the main way to enter
information into our computer. But did you
know you can also use your keyboard to
control your computer? Learning just a few
simple keyboard commands (instructions to
our computer) can help us work more
efficiently. Later in this section, we will learn
how we can take advantage of the keyboard
shortcuts.

How the keys are organized

The keys on our keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:

• Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation,
and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.
• Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform
certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are Ctrl, Alt, the Windows logo key,
and Esc.
• Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labeled as F1,
F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from program to
program.
• Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages and
editing text. They include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Delete, and
Insert.
• Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are
grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.

Typing Text

Whenever you need to type something in a program, e-mail message, or text box, you'll see a
blinking vertical line. That's the cursor, also called the insertion point. It shows where the text that
you type will begin. You can move the cursor by clicking in the desired location with the mouse, or
by using the navigation keys (see the "Using navigation keys" section of this article).

In addition to letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and symbols, the typing keys also include Shift,
Caps Lock, Tab, Enter, the Spacebar, and Backspace.

Key
How to use it
name
Press Shift in combination with a letter to type an uppercase letter. Press Shift in
Shift
combination with another key to type the symbol shown on the upper part of that key.

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Caps Press Caps Lock once to type all letters as uppercase. Press Caps Lock again to turn this
Lock function off. Your keyboard might have a light indicating whether Caps Lock is on.
Press Tab to move the cursor several spaces forward. You can also press Tab to move to
Tab
the next text box on a form.
Press Enter to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. In a dialog box, press
Enter
Enter to select the highlighted button.
Spacebar Press the Spacebar to move the cursor one space forward.
Backspace Press Backspace to delete the character before the cursor, or the selected text.

Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are ways to perform actions by using keyboard. They are called shortcuts
because they help us work faster. In fact, almost any action or command which we can perform with
a mouse can be performed faster using one or more keys on the keyboard. Now let us see how we
can use the keyboard shortcuts to control the computer.

This can be done by pressing two or more keys in combination. These are denoted with a + sign.
For example, Ctrl+A means to press and hold Ctrl and then press A. Ctrl+Shift+A means to press
and hold Ctrl and Shift and then press A.

Useful Shortcuts

The following table lists some of the most useful keyboard shortcuts.

Press this To do this

Windows logo key Open the Start menu
Alt+Tab Switch between open programs or windows
Alt+F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program
Ctrl+S Save the current file or document (works in most programs)
Ctrl+F Find
Ctrl+C Copy the selected item
Ctrl+X Cut the selected item
Ctrl+V Paste the selected item
Ctrl+Z Undo an action
Ctrl+A Select all items in a document or window
F1 Display Help for a program or Windows
Windows logo key +F1 Display Windows Help and Support
Esc Cancel the current task
Open a menu of commands related to a selection in a program.
Application key
Equivalent to right clicking the selection.

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Using Navigation Keys

The navigation keys allow us to move the cursor, move around in documents and WebPages, and
edit text. The following table lists some common functions of these keys.

Press this To do this

Left Arrow, Right Arrow, Move the cursor or selection one space or line in the direction of the
Up Arrow, or Down Arrow arrow, or scroll a webpage in the direction of the arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of a line or move to the top of a
Home
webpage
Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the bottom of a
End
webpage
Ctrl+Home Move to the top of a document
Ctrl+End Move to the bottom of a document
Page Up Move the cursor or page up one screen
Page Down Move the cursor or page down one screen
Delete the character after the cursor, or the selected text; in Windows,
Delete
delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
Turn Insert mode off or on. When Insert mode is on, text that you type
Insert is inserted at the cursor. When Insert mode is off, text that you type
replaces existing characters.

Using the numeric keypad

The numeric keypad arranges the numerals 0 though 9, the arithmetic operators +
(addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), and / (division), and the decimal point
as they would appear on a calculator or adding machine. These characters are
duplicated elsewhere on the keyboard, of course, but the keypad arrangement
allows us to rapidly enter numerical data or mathematical operations with one
hand.

Turing off the Computer

When we have finished using our computer, it's important to turn it off properly—not only to save
energy, but also to help keep our computer more secure and to ensure that our data is saved. There
are three ways to turn off the computer: pressing the computer's power button, using the Shut down
button on the Start menu, and, if you have a laptop, closing the lid.

Use the Shut down Button on the Start Menu

To turn off the computer using the Start menu, we should click the Start button, and then, in the
lower-right corner of the Start menu, click Shut down. When we click Shut
down, the computer closes all open programs, along with Windows itself, and
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then completely turns off the computer and display. Shutting down doesn't save our work, so we
must save our files first.

• Click on the Text Shut down to shut down your computer.

However, clicking on the arrow next to the Shut down text shows
more advanced options. We will discuss these options later.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

How to work with Windows 7, Logging to Windows 7 to start using the computer

Interacting with the computer, using mouse and learning its features like pointing, clicking and
dragging

Using the keyboards, learning how the keys are organized in the keyboard, typing text using the
keyboard, using different keys like control keys, navigation keys, function keys, numeric keypad,
typing keys and indicator lights.

Using keyboard shortcuts, list of useful shortcuts, turn off the computer, using the Shut down and
Start menu button.

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Lesson 3 - Windows 7 Desktop

What is Desktop
The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn on your computer and log on to
Windows. Like the top of an actual desk, it
serves as a surface for your work. When you
open programs or folders, they appear on
the desktop. You can also put things on the
desktop, such as files and folders, and
arrange them however you want.

The desktop is sometimes defined more

broadly to include the taskbar. It shows you
which programs are running and allows you
to switch between them. It also contains the
Start button, which you can use to access
programs, folders, and computer settings.
We will learn about the taskbar later in
detail.

Desktop icons
Icons are small pictures that represent files, folders, programs, and other items. When you first start
Windows, you'll see at least one icon on your desktop - the Recycle Bin. You may also have other
icons such as Computer, Control Panel. Double-clicking a desktop icon starts or opens the item it
represents.

The Recycle Bin

When you delete a file or folder, it doesn't actually get deleted right away—it goes to
the Recycle Bin. If you ever change your mind and decide you need a deleted file, you
can get it back.

Recover files from the Recycle Bin

When you delete a file from your computer, it's actually just
moved to the Recycle Bin where it's temporarily stored until the
Recycle Bin is emptied. This gives you an opportunity to recover
accidentally deleted files and restore them to their original
locations.

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 1. Double click the Recycle Bin icon to open it. Same can be done by right clicking it and
selecting open.
2. Do one of the following:

o To restore a file, click it, and then, on

the toolbar, click Restore this item.
o To restore all of the files, deselect any
selected file, then on the toolbar, click
Restore all items.

The files will be restored to their original

locations on your computer.

If you're sure that you won't need the

deleted items again, you can empty the Recycle Bin. Doing that will permanently delete the items
and free any disk space they were using.

To delete items permanently, do one of the following,

• Right click the Recycle Bin icon and select Empty Recycle Bin. Click OK on the
confirmation dialog box.
• Open Recycle Bin, on the toolbar, click Empty the Recycle Bin

The Computer icon

By double clicking this icon, you can access
locations such as hard disks, CD or DVD drives,
and removable media. The same location may
also be accessed using start menu. We will learn
more about this later.

Customizing Icons
Moving icons

Windows stacks icons in columns on the left side of the desktop. But you're not stuck with that
arrangement. You can move an icon by dragging it to a new place on the desktop.

You can also have Windows automatically arrange your icons. Right-click an empty area of the
desktop, click View and then click Auto arrange icons. Windows stacks your icons in the upper-left
corner and locks them in place. To unlock the icons so that you can move them again, click Auto
arrange icons again. This will clear the check mark next to it and allow you to move the icons
anywhere on the desktop.

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To move or delete a bunch of icons at once, you must first select all of them. Click an empty area of
the desktop and drag the mouse. Surround the icons that you want to select with the rectangle that
appears. Then release the mouse button. Now you can drag the icons as a group or delete them.

Hiding Desktop Icons

If you want to temporarily hide all of your desktop

icons without actually removing them, right-click an
empty part of the desktop, click View, and then click
Show desktop items to clear the check mark from
that option. This will hide the icons desktop. You can
get them back by clicking Show desktop items again.

Adding and Removing Icons from Desktop

You can choose which icons appear on the desktop—you can add or remove an icon at any time.
Some people like a clean, uncluttered desktop with few or no icons. Others place dozens of icons on
their desktop to give them quick
access to frequently used programs,
files, and folders.

If you want easy access from the

desktop to your favorite files or
programs, you can create shortcuts
to them. A shortcut is an icon that
represents a link to an item, rather
than the item itself. When you
double-click a shortcut, the item
opens. If you delete a shortcut, only the shortcut is removed, not the original item. You can identify
shortcuts by the arrow on the icon.

To add a shortcut to desktop

1. Locate the item that you want to create a shortcut for.

2. Right-click the item, click Send to, and then click Desktop (create shortcut). The shortcut
icon appears on your desktop.

To add or remove common desktop icons

Common desktop icons include Computer, your personal folder, the Recycle Bin, and Control
Panel.

1. Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then click Personalize.

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 2. In the left pane, click Change desktop icons. The Desktop Icon
Settings dialog will open.
3. Under Desktop icons, select the check box for each icon that
you want to add to the desktop, or clear the check box for each
icon that you want to remove from the desktop, and then click
OK.

To remove an icon or shortcut from the desktop

• Right-click the icon, and then click Delete. If the icon is a

shortcut, only the shortcut is removed. The original item is not deleted.

Changing the Appearance of an Icon

It is also possible to change the appearance of an icon or
a shortcut to give it a customized look.
To change the appearance of an icon,

• Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then

click Personalize.
• In the left pane, click Change desktop icons. The
Desktop Icon Settings window will open.
• Under Desktop Icons, select the icon which you
want to change.
• Click Change Icon.
• Select a new icon image
from the Change Icon
window and click OK.
You may also select
another location to
search for icon images by clicking the Browse button.
• Click Apply in the Desktop Icon Settings window.

To change the appearance of a shortcut,

• Right-click a shortcut and select Properties.

• From the Properties window, select Shortcut tab, if it is not selected already.
• Click Change Icon.
• Select an icon from Change Icon window.
You may also select another location to search for icon images by clicking the Browse button.
• Click OK.
• Click Apply in the Shortcut Properties window.

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Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Desktop and its properties, Desktop icons such as My Computer, Control Panel

Recycle Bin, recovering files from the recycle bin, emptying recycle bin

Customizing Icons, moving icons, hiding desktop icons, adding and removing icons from desktop,
changing the appearance of an icon

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Lesson 4 - Windows 7 Interface

Windows and Dialog Boxes

Whenever you open a program, file, or folder, it appears on your screen in a box or frame called a
window (that's where the Windows operating system gets its name). Because windows are
everywhere in Windows, it's important to understand how to move them, change their size, arrange
or just make them go away.

Parts of a Window
Although the contents of every window are different, all windows share some things in common.
For one thing, windows always appear on the desktop—the main work area of your screen. In
addition, most windows have the same basic parts.

• Title bar: Displays the name of the document and program (or the folder name if you're
working in a folder).
• Minimize, Maximize, and Close buttons: These buttons hide the window, enlarge it to fill
the whole screen, and close it, respectively.
• Menu bar: Contains items that you can click to make choices in a program. See Using
menus, buttons, bars, and boxes.

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 • Scroll bar: Lets you scroll the contents of the window to see information that is currently
out of view.
• Borders and corners: You can drag these with your mouse pointer to change the size of the
window.

Certain windows may have additional buttons, boxes, or bars.

Dialog boxes

A dialog box is a special type of window that asks

you a question, allows you to select options to
perform a task, or provides you with information.
You'll often see dialog boxes when a program or
Windows needs a response from you before it can
continue.

A dialog box appears if you exit a program without

saving your work

Unlike regular windows, most dialog boxes can't be maximized, minimized, or resized. They can,
however, be moved.

More Controls
We have already learnt about the standard controls found in a window. Let us now recognize the
other type of controls that we will encounter frequently while using Windows 7. These controls
allow you to select commands, change settings, or work with windows.

Menus

Most programs contain dozens or even hundreds of commands (actions) that you use to work the
program. Many of these commands
are organized under menus. To keep
the screen uncluttered, menus are
hidden until you click their titles in the
menu bar, located just underneath the title bar.

To close a menu without selecting any commands, click the menu bar or any other part of the
window.

Using Command Buttons

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A command button performs a command or action when you click it. You'll most often see them in
dialog boxes.

Most buttons will also display some text about their

function when you point to them.

If a button changes into two parts when you point to it,

you've discovered a split button. Clicking the main part of
the button performs a command, whereas clicking the
arrow opens a menu with more options.

Split buttons change into two parts when you point to them

Using Option Buttons

Option buttons allow you to make one choice among two or more options.
They frequently appear in dialog boxes.
These buttons are called Radio Buttons. To select an option, click one of the
buttons. Only one option can be selected.

Using Check Boxes

Check boxes allow you to select one or more independent options.

Unlike option buttons, which restrict you to one choice, check
boxes allow you to choose multiple options at the same time.

Click an empty check box to select that option. A check mark will
appear in the square, indicating that the option is selected. To turn
off an option, clear or remove its check mark by clicking it again.

Using sliders

A slider lets you adjust a setting along a range of values. It

looks like this. To use a slider, drag the slider toward the
value that you want.

Using text boxes

A text box allows you to type text or password.

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Text boxes that require you to enter a
password will usually hide your password as
you type it.

Using drop-down lists

Drop-down lists are similar to menus, except that it shows options

instead of commands. When closed, a drop-down list shows only the
currently selected option. The other available options are hidden until
you click the control.

Using list boxes

A list box displays a list of options that you

can choose from. Unlike a drop-down list,
some or all of the options are visible
without having to open the list.

To choose an option from the list, click it. You can use the scroll bar to
scroll the list up or down.

Using tabs

In some dialog boxes, options are divided into two or more tabs. Only one tab, or set of options,
can be viewed at a time.

The currently selected tab appears in front of the other tabs. To switch to a different tab, click the
tab.

Managing Windows

Moving a Window
To move a window, point to its title bar with the mouse pointer. Then drag the window to the
location that you want. Dragging means pointing to an item, holding down the mouse button,
moving the item with the pointer, and then releasing the mouse button.

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Changing the Size of a Window

• To make a window fill the entire screen, click its

Maximize button or double-click the window's title bar.
• To return a maximized window to its former size, click
its Restore button (this appears in place of the Maximize
button). Or, double-click the window's title bar.
• To resize a window (make it smaller or bigger), point to
any of the window's borders or corners. When the
mouse pointer changes to a two-headed arrow (see
picture below), drag the border or corner to shrink or
enlarge the window.

A window that is maximized cannot be resized. You must restore it to its previous size first.

Although most windows can be maximized and resized, there are some windows that are fixed in
size, such as dialog boxes.

Hiding a window
Hiding a window is called minimizing it. If you want to get a window out of the way temporarily
without closing it, minimize it.

To minimize a window, click its Minimize button. The window disappears from the desktop and is
visible only as a button on the taskbar, the long horizontal bar at the bottom of your screen.

To make a minimized window appear again on the desktop, click its taskbar button. The window
appears exactly as it did before you minimized it.

Closing a window

Closing a window removes it from the desktop and taskbar. If you have finished working with a
program or document or a folder and don't need to return to it right away, close it.

To close a window, click its Close button.

If you close a document without saving any changes you made, a message appears that gives you the
option to save your changes.

Switching between windows

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If you open more than one program or document, your desktop can quickly become cluttered with
windows. Keeping track of these open windows is not always easy, because some windows might
partially or completely cover others.

There are a various ways to switch between the open windows, either by using shortcuts or by using
the task bar. Let us see how we can switch between the open windows by using shortcuts.

You can switch to the previous window by pressing Alt+Tab, or cycle through all open windows
and the desktop by holding down Alt and repeatedly pressing the Tab key. Release Alt to show the
selected window.

Another method is to use Aero Flip 3D. Aero Flip 3D arranges your windows in a three
dimensional stack that you can quickly flip through. Flip 3D is part of the Aero desktop experience.
You will be able to use this method only if Aero is supported by your version of Windows 7. Aero is
not included in Windows 7 Home Basic or Windows 7 Starter editions.

To use Flip 3D,

• Hold down the Windows key (i.e. the key with Windows logo) and press Tab to open Flip
3D.
• While holding down the Windows
key, press Tab repeatedly or rotate
the mouse wheel to cycle through
open windows. You can also press
Right Arrow or Down Arrow keys
to cycle forward one window, or
press Left Arrow or Up Arrow to
cycle backward one window.
• Release the Windows key to display
the front most windows in the stack.

Arranging Open Windows Automatically

Now that you know how to move and resize windows, you can arrange them however you like on
your desktop. You can also have Windows automatically arrange them in one of three ways-
cascading, vertically stacked, or side by side.

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To choose one of these options, open
some windows on your desktop, then
right-click an empty area of the taskbar
and click Cascade windows, Show
windows stacked, or Show windows side
by side.

Arranging Windows Using Snap

Snap will automatically resize your windows when you move, or snap, them to the edge of the
screen. You can use Snap to arrange windows side by side, expand windows vertically, or maximize a
window.

To Arrange Windows Side by Side Using Snap

• Drag the title bar of a window to the left or right side of the screen until an outline of the
expanded window appears.
• Release the mouse to expand the window.
• Repeat the process with another window to arrange the windows side by side.

To Expand a Window Vertically

• Point to the top or bottom edge of an open window until the pointer changes into a double-
headed arrow.
• Drag the edge of the window to the top or bottom of the screen to expand the window to
the entire height of the desktop. The width of the window doesn't change.

To maximize a window

1. Drag the title bar of the window to the top of the screen. The window's outline expands to
fill the screen.
2. Release the window to expand it to fill the entire desktop.

Drag a window to the top of the desktop to fully expand it

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Summary

In this lesson we learnt,

Windows 7 interface, Windows and dialog boxes, parts of a window, dialog boxes

More controls in Window 7, using command buttons, Menus, Using option buttons

Using check boxes, using sliders, using text boxes, using drop down lists, using list boxes, using tabs

Managing windows, changing the size of a window, hiding a window, closing a window, switching
between windows, Arranging windows using Snap.

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Lesson 5 - The Taskbar

What is Taskbar

The taskbar is the long horizontal bar at the bottom of your screen. Unlike the desktop, which can
get hidden by open windows, the taskbar is almost always visible. It has three main sections.

• The Start button, which opens the Start Menu.

• The middle section, which shows the opened programs and files and allows you to quickly
switch between them.
• The notification area, which includes a clock and icons (small pictures) that communicate the
status of certain programs and computer settings.

You will use the middle section of the taskbar the most, so let us look at it first.

Using the Taskbar to Organize Windows

Keep Track of the Open Windows

If you open more than one program or file at a time, you can quickly start piling up open windows
on your desktop. You have already seen how to
switch open windows using the shortcuts. You
can also switch windows using the task bar.

The task bar provides us various options to

manage and organize the open windows.

Whenever you open a program, folder, or file,

Windows creates a corresponding button on the
taskbar. The button shows an icon that represents
the open program.

The taskbar button for the active window will remain highlighted, which means that it is in front of
any other open windows and is ready for you to interact with. To switch to another window, you
can click its taskbar button.

Minimize and Restore Windows

When a window is active, clicking its taskbar button minimizes the window.
That means that the window disappears from the desktop. Minimizing a
window doesn't close it or delete its contents—it temporarily removes it

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from the desktop.

You can also minimize a window by clicking the minimize button in the upper-right corner of the
window.

To restore or make a minimized window show up again on the desktop, click its taskbar button.

See Previews of the Open Windows

When you move your mouse pointer to a taskbar button, a small picture or thumbnail appears that
shows you a miniature version of the
corresponding window. This preview,
also called a thumbnail, is especially
useful if you cannot identify a window
by its title alone. If one of your
windows has video or animation
playing, you will see it playing in the
preview too.

You can see the thumbnail previews

only if Aero is supported by the
edition of your Windows 7 OS and you are running a Windows 7 theme.

The Notification Area

The notification area, on the far right side of the taskbar, includes a clock and a group of icons.

These icons communicate the status of something on

your computer or provide access to certain settings.
The set of icons you see depends on which programs

or services you have installed.

When you move your pointer to a particular icon, you will see that icon's name
or the status of a setting. For example, pointing to the volume icon shows the
current volume level of your computer. Pointing to the network icon displays
information about whether you are connected to a network, the connection
speed, and the signal strength.

Double-clicking an icon in the notification area usually opens the program or

setting associated with it. For example, double-clicking the volume icon opens
the volume controls. Double-clicking the network icon opens Network and
Sharing Center.

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Occasionally, an icon in the notification area will display a small pop-up window (called a
notification) to notify you about something. For example, after adding a new hardware device to
your computer, you might see one which states the new device has been successfully installed.

Click the Close button in the upper-right corner of

the notification to dismiss it. If you don't do anything,
the notification will fade away on its own after a few
seconds.

To reduce clutter, Windows hides icons in the notification

area when you haven't used them in a while. If icons become
hidden, click the Show hidden icons button to temporarily
display the hidden icons.

Customizing the Taskbar

There are many ways to customize the taskbar to suit your preferences. For example, you can move
the entire taskbar to the left, right, or top edge of the screen. You can make the taskbar larger, have
Windows automatically hid it when you're not using it, and add toolbars to it.

Moving the Taskbar

You can move the taskbar to any edge of the
screen (left, right, top or bottom).

To move the taskbar,

1. Right-click an empty space on the

taskbar. If Lock the taskbar has a check
mark beside it, click it to remove the
check mark.
2. Click an empty space on the taskbar,
and then hold down the mouse button
as you drag the taskbar to one of the
four edges of the desktop.
3. Release the mouse button.

To lock the taskbar into place, right-click an empty space on the taskbar, and then click Lock the
Taskbar so that the check mark reappears. Locking the taskbar helps prevent it from being moved
or resized accidentally.

Changing Taskbar Properties

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To access the other taskbar settings, right click on the taskbar and select the Properties option. This
will open the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties window. Using this window, you can do the
following:

• Auto hiding the Taskbar

To auto hide the taskbar, select Auto-hide the taskbar
option and click Apply. This will make the taskbar
disappear when you move the mouse cursor away from
the taskbar. It will again reappear when you move the
mouse cursor near the bottom of the desktop screen.

• Using Small icons

If this option is selected, all icons in the taskbar will be
displayed in a smaller size. If you wish to use larger icons
in the taskbar, deselect this option. Click Apply to apply
the change.

• Changing the notification icon

settings
Click Customize button under the
Notification area section of the Taskbar
and Start Menu Properties window.

You can customize which icons will be displayed in the notification area.

You can choose from three options

•Show icon and notifications – This will allow the

specific icon to be always visible.
• Hide icon and notifications – The icon will not be
displayed. Notifications related to the icon will also not
be displayed
• Only show notifications – This will display the icon only if the system requires showing
any notification about this icon.

Click OK to apply the changes.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,
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About taskbar, using the taskbar to organize windows, minimize and restore windows, see previews
of the Open windows

Notification area, customizing the taskbar, auto hiding the taskbar, using small icons, changing the
notification icon settings.

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Lesson 6 - Start Menu

Overview of the Start Menu

The Start menu is the main gateway to your computer's programs, folders, and settings. It's called a
menu because it provides a list of choices. And as Start
implies, it is often the place from where you can start or open
things.

Use the Start Menu to do these common activities.

• Start programs
• Open commonly used folders
• Search for files, folders, and programs
• Adjust computer settings
• Turn off the computer
• Log off from Windows or switch to a different user
account

Getting Started with the Start Menu

To open the Start menu, click the Start button in the lower-left corner of your screen. You can also
open the same by pressing the Windows key on your keyboard.

The Start menu is divided into three basic parts.

• The large Left Pane shows a short list of

programs on your computer. Clicking All
Programs displays a complete list of
programs that are installed in your system.

• At the bottom of the left pane is the Search

Box, which allows you to search programs
and files on your computer by typing the
name.

• The Right Pane provides access to

commonly used folders, files, settings, and
features. It is also where you go to log off
from Windows or turn off your computer.

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Opening Programs from the Start Menu

One of the most common uses of the Start menu is opening

programs installed on your computer. To open a program shown in
the left pane of the Start menu, click it. The program opens and the
Start menu closes.

If you don't see the program you want, click All Programs at the
bottom of the Left Pane. Instantly, the Left Pane displays a long list
of programs in alphabetical order. Clicking one of the program
icons launches the program, and the Start menu closes.

When you click All Programs, you will also find a list of folders.
These folders contain more programs. For example, Accessories
folder contains programs like the Calculator, Notepad etc.

If you're ever unsure what a program does, move the pointer over
its icon or name. A text appears that often contains a description
of the program. For example, pointing to Calculator displays this
message - "Performs basic arithmetic tasks with an on-screen
calculator."

Search Box
The search box is one of the most convenient ways to find things on your computer. The exact
location of the items doesn't matter—the search box will check your programs and all of the folders.
It will also search your e-mail messages and WebPages you have visited.

To use the search box, open the Start menu and

start typing. As you type, related search results
appear above the search box in the left pane of
the Start menu.

A program, file, or folder will appear as a search

result if,

• Any word in its title matches or begins with your search term.
• Any text in the actual contents of the file—such as the text in a word-processing
document—matches or begins with your search term.
• Any word in a property of the file, such as the author, matches or begins with your search
term.

Click any search result to open it. Or, click the Clear button to clear the search results and return to
the main programs list. You can also click See more results to search your entire computer.

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The Right Pane
The right pane of the Start menu contains links to parts of Windows that you're likely to use
frequently.

• Personal folder: Clicking this opens your personal folder,

which is named for whoever is currently logged on to
Windows. For example, if the current user is Rajesh, the folder
will be named Rajesh. This folder, in turn, contains user-
specific files, including the Documents, Music, Pictures, and
Videos folders.

• Documents: Opens the Documents folder, where you can

store and open text files, spreadsheets, presentations, and other
kinds of documents.

• Pictures. Opens the Pictures folder, where you can store and
your digital files.

• Music. Opens the Music folder, where you can store and play
music and other audio files.

• Games. Opens the Games folder, where you can access all of
the games on your computer.

• Computer. Opens a window where you can access disk drives,

cameras, printers, scanners, and other hardware connected to
your computer. This is same as opening the Computer icon on
the desktop.

• Control Panel. Opens Control Panel, where you can

customize the appearance and functionality of your computer,
install or uninstall programs, set up network connections, and
manage user accounts. This too can be opened using the
Control Panel icon on the desktop.

• Devices and Printers. Opens a window where you can view

information about the printer, mouse, and other devices installed on your computer.

• Default Programs. Opens a window where you can choose which program you want
Windows to use for a specific activity, such as Internet Explorer for web browsing.

• Help and Support. Opens Windows Help and Support, where you can browse and search
help topics about using Windows and your computer.

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At the bottom of the right pane is the Shut down button. Which you can use to turn off your
computer. Clicking the arrow next to the Shut down button displays a menu with additional options
which we will study in details later.

Customizing the Start Menu

You can control which items appear in the Start menu. For example, you can pin icons of your
favorite programs to the Start menu for easy access, or remove programs from the list which you do
not want there or which you do not require. You can also choose to hide or display certain items in
the right pane.

Organizing the Start menu can make it easier to find your favorite programs and folders.

To Pin or Unpin a Program Icon to the Start Menu

If you use a program regularly, you can create a shortcut to it by pinning the program icon to the
Start menu. Pinned program icons appear on the left side of the Start menu.

• Right-click the program icon you want to pin to the

Start menu, and then
click Pin to Start Menu.
• To unpin a program
icon, right-click it, and
then click Unpin from
Start Menu.
• To change the order of a pinned item, drag the program icon
to a new position in the list.

To Remove a Program Icon from the Start Menu

Removing a program icon from the Start menu doesn't remove it from
the All Programs list or uninstall the program.

• Click the Start button.

• Right-click the program icon you want to remove from the Start
menu, and then click Remove from this list.

To Clear the List of Recently Opened Files or Programs

Clearing recently opened files or programs from the Start menu doesn't
delete them from your computer. It only deletes the entries from the list.

• Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then click Personalize.

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 • In the left pane, click Taskbar and Start Menu. The Taskbar and Start Menu Properties
dialog will open.
• Click the Start Menu tab.

o To clear recently opened programs, clear the Store and display recently opened
programs in the Start menu check box.
o To clear recently opened files, clear the Store and display recently opened items in
the Start menu and the taskbar check box.

• Click OK to close the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog.

Customizing the Right Pane of the Start Menu

You can add or remove items, such as

Computer, Control Panel, and Pictures library,
which appear on the right side of the Start
menu. You can also change some items so that
they appear as links or menus.

Additionally, you can also define the number of

recent programs or items you want to display in
the Recently Opened Files or Programs list in
the Start menu.

To add or remove items or change the display

option of an icon, do the following.

• Right-click an empty area of the desktop,

and then click Personalize.
• In the left pane, click Taskbar and Start
Menu. The Taskbar and Start Menu
Properties dialog will open.
• Click the Start Menu tab, and then click
Customize, do the following.

o In the Customize Start Menu dialog box, select the display options for an item. You
can select to display an item as a link or a menu or you can even hide the item.
o To adjust the number of shortcuts for frequently used programs, in the Number of
recent programs to display box, enter the number of programs you want to display.

• Click OK to close the Customize Start Menu dialog box.

• Click OK to close the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog.

To restore Start menu to its original default settings, click Use Default Settings in the Customize
Start Menu dialog box and click OK.
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Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

Overview of the start menu, how to get started with the Start Menu, Opening programs from the
Start Menu, Search Box

The right pane in Start Menu, customizing the start menu, customizing the right pane of the start
menu

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Lesson 7 - Desktop Gadgets

What are Desktop Gadgets

Windows contains mini-programs called gadgets, which

offer information at a glance and provide easy access to
frequently used tools. For example, you can use gadgets
to display a picture slide show, view continuously
updated headlines, or look up contacts.

Why Use Desktop Gadgets?

Desktop gadgets can keep information and tools readily

available for you to use. Various gadgets come with
Windows 7 such as the Feed Headlines, Clock, calendar,
Weather, CPU Meter etc. All these gadgets provide you
either easier access to information or easier way of using
Windows utilities and features.

For example, you can use the Feed Headlines gadget to

show the latest news headlines right next to your open programs. You don't have to stop working
on your document, because the headlines are always visible. If you see a headline that interests you,
you can click that headline, and your web browser will open directly to the story.

You can use the Clock gadget to display a clock on your desktop or the Weather gadget to get
weather reports without searching or browsing web pages for the information.

Getting Started with Gadgets

To understand how to use gadgets, let's explore some of the gadgets.

The Clock Gadget

When you right-click the Clock gadget, you will see a list of things you
can do with it, including closing the gadget, keeping it on top of your
open windows, and changing the options such as its name, time zone,
and appearance.

If you point to the Clock gadget, a close button and an options button
will appear near its upper-right corner.

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Slide Show Gadget

Slide Show gadget displays a continuous slide show of pictures on your computer.

Right-clicking Slide Show and clicking Options allows you to choose

which pictures appear in your slide show, control the speed at which
your slide show plays, and change the transition effect between
pictures. You can also right-click Slide Show and point to Size to
change the size of the gadget.

You can also set these properties by moving the mouse over the
gadget and clicking the respective button that appear near the upper-
right corner of the gadget.

Feed Headlines

Feed Headlines can display frequently updated headlines from a website that supplies feeds, also
known as RSS feeds, XML feeds, syndicated content,
or web feeds. Websites often use feeds to distribute
news and blogs. To receive feeds, you need an
Internet connection. By default, Feed Headlines won't
display any headlines. To start displaying a small set
of pre-selected headlines, click View headlines.

After you click View headlines, you can right-click

Feed Headlines and click Options to choose from a
list of available feeds. You can add to the list by
choosing your own feeds from the web.

Managing Gadgets
Before a gadget can be added, it must be installed on your computer. To see which gadgets are
installed on your computer, do the following.

• Right-click the desktop and click Gadgets.

• Click the scroll buttons to see all the
gadgets.
• To see information about a gadget, click
the gadget, and then click Show details.

You can drag a gadget to a new position anywhere

on the desktop.
You can also download additional gadgets online
from the Windows Gadget Gallery.

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Adding and Removing Gadgets

You can add any gadget that's installed on your computer to the
desktop. If you want, you can add multiple instances of a gadget.
For example, if you need to keep track of time in two time zones,
you can add two instances of the Clock gadget and set the time of
each accordingly.

To add a gadget

• Right-click the desktop and click Gadgets.

• Double-click a gadget to add it.

To remove a gadget

• Right-click the gadget and then click Close Gadget.

Alternatively, if you move the mouse over a gadget, it will display
a close button. Click it to close the gadget.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Desktop Gadgets, using Desktop gadgets, Getting started with Gadgets, Feed headlines

Managing Gadgets, adding and removing gadgets.

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Lesson 8 - Personalizing Your Computer

Aero Desktop Experience

Aero is the premium visual experience of

Windows 7. It features a transparent glass
design with subtle window animations, a
new Start menu, a new Taskbar, and new
window colors.

One of the more visually obvious features is

glass window borders, which let you focus
on the contents of your open windows.
Window behavior has also been redesigned,
with subtle animations accompanying the
minimizing, maximizing, and repositioning of windows to appear more smooth and effortless. You
can even fine-tune the color and appearance of windows, the Start menu, and the Taskbar by
changing the color of the translucent windows.

It includes distinctive visual styles that combine the

appearance of lightweight, translucent windows with
powerful graphic advances. You can enjoy visually appealing
effects and appearance and also benefit from better access to
your programs.

Using Themes

A theme includes a Desktop Background, a Screen Saver, a Window Color, Sounds. You can choose
from several Aero themes.

Windows comes with several themes. You

can choose an Aero theme to personalize
your computer, the Windows 7 Basic
theme if your computer is performing
slowly, or a High Contrast theme to make
the items on your screen easier to see.

To apply a theme,

• Right-click an empty area of the

desktop, and then click
Personalize.
• The Personalization window will open. Themes will be displayed as thumbnails.

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 • Click a theme under Aero Themes.

When you apply a theme, background, window color, sounds and screen savers change
automatically.

You can also change the individual

components of a theme.

Desktop Background
The desktop background, also called wallpaper, is a picture, color, or design on the desktop. It
provides a backdrop to your open windows. You can choose one picture to be your desktop
background or you can display a slide show of pictures.

To change the background,

•Right-click an empty area of the

desktop, and then click
Personalize.
• Click Desktop Background.
• From the displayed thumbnails,
select the picture that you want.
If the picture you want to use is
not in the list, select a different
location from Picture location list
or click Browse to select an image
file.
• To use a color as a background, select Solid Colors from Picture location and then select a
color.
• To change the way in which a picture is displayed in the
background, under Picture position, click the arrow and select
one of these and click Save changes.

o Fill - Choose this to crop the picture to fill the screen.

o Fit – This will fit the picture to the screen.
o Stretch – Select this to stretch the picture to cover the
entire screen.
o Tile – This will tile the picture if the picture.
o Center – Use this center the picture on the screen.

You can also set any stored image or an image you are currently
viewing, as your desktop background.

• Right-click the picture and then click Set as Desktop

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 Background.

Creating a Desktop Background Slideshow

You can have a slide show as your desktop background. A slide show will change the desktop
background automatically at a fixed interval. You can use your own pictures or pictures that
Windows provides as part of a theme.

Follow these steps to create a slide show,

• Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then click Personalize.

• Click Desktop Background.
• Do one of the following to select pictures.

o From the displayed thumbnails, select

the pictures that you want to include
in your slide show.
o If the pictures that you want to use are
not visible the list of desktop
background pictures, click the Picture
location list to view other categories.
o Click Browse to search your computer
for the folder where the pictures are located. All the pictures that you want to use must
be in the same folder.

• Select the check box for the pictures that you want to include in your slide show.
By default, all of the pictures in a folder are selected and will be part of the slide show.

If you don't want all of the pictures in the folder to be included, clear the check box for each picture
that you want to remove from the slide show.

• Do one or more of the following

as required.

o Click an item in the Picture

position list and select a
positioning method from
Fill, Fit, Stretch, Tile or
Center as desired.
o Click the Change picture every list and select how often the slide show changes pictures.

o Select the Shuffle check box to have the pictures appear in a random order.

• Click Save changes.

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To create a slide show of pictures on the desktop, you must select more than one picture. If only
one picture is selected, the slide show ends and the selected picture becomes the desktop
background.

Changing Window Color

You can change the color of your window frames, the Start menu, the Taskbar, and more. If you
don't want to use the colors associated with your current theme, you can change colors on your
computer manually.

To change window colors,

1. Right click on desktop.

2. Select Personalize. The Personalization window
opens.
3. Click Window Color
4. Click the color you want.

You can also use the Show color mixer button to open
color mixer and create a custom color.

5. Set the Color intensity as required.

6. Save changes.

If you see the Window Color and Appearance Dialog Box instead of the Window Color and
Appearance Window, you might not be using an Aero theme or your computer might not meet the
minimum hardware requirements for running Aero.

Sound Schemes

You can have your computer play a sound when certain events occur on your computer, such as
when you start Windows, receive an e-mail or shut down your computer.

Windows comes with several sound schemes (a collection of related sounds) for common events.
Additionally, some desktop themes have their own sound schemes. You can also change the sound
schemes as per your choice.

To change a sound scheme

1. Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then

click Personalize.
2. Click Sounds on the bottom of the window.
3. Click the Sounds tab.
4. In the Sound Scheme list, click the sound scheme

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 that you want to use, and then click OK.

To preview any sound in the scheme, do the following.

• In the Program Events list, click an event.

• Click Test to hear the sound.

Customize a Sound Scheme

When you change one or more event sounds, a new sound scheme is automatically created, and is
given the same name as the current scheme, but with the word (modified) added. For example, if the
current scheme is Cityscape, and you change one or more sounds, the new scheme is called
Cityscape (modified). The original sound scheme is preserved with its original name.

To change event sounds,

• Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and

then click Personalize.
• Click Sounds on the bottom of the window.
• Click the Sounds tab.
• To change a sound, in the Program Events list,
click the event that you want to assign a new
sound for.
• In the Sounds list, click the sound that you want
to associate with the event.
If the sound you want to use is not listed, click
Browse to locate and select a sound file.
• Click Apply and then click OK.
• To change more than one sound, repeat the
steps above.

You can save a customized sound scheme with a new name.

• In the Sound Scheme list, the modified scheme is selected.

• Click Save As.

Type a name for the new sound scheme, and then click OK.

Screen Savers
A screen saver is a picture or animation that appears on the screen when you haven't used the
mouse or keyboard for a set period of time. When you move the mouse or press any key, the screen
saver disappears and your desktop returns. You can choose from a variety of Windows screen savers
or install screen savers of your own choice.
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Changing Screen Saver

Windows comes with several screen savers. You can also create your own screen savers from
personal pictures that you have saved on your computer.

To change a screen saver,

1. Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and

then click Personalize.
2. Click Screen Savers.
3. In the Screen saver list, click the screen saver that
you want to use.
4. To see what your screen saver will look like click
Preview.
Move the mouse or press any key to stop the
preview.
5. Click OK to save your changes.

Installing a Screen Saver

Screen Savers are generally available as executable files which you can use for installing it in to the
system. It may come in CD, DVD or may also be downloaded from internet.

You should download or install screen savers from trusted sources only as it may contain a
malicious software or spyware.

You can install a screen saver by double clicking or executing the installer file that came with the
screen saver. For more information about installing a screen saver, see the Help that came with the
screen saver that you want to install.

Customize a Theme

You can change individual parts of a theme which

includes the backgrounds, colors, screen savers
and sounds. You can also save the revised theme
for your own use or to share with other people.

To change parts of a theme

1. Right-click an empty area of the desktop,

and then click Personalize.
2. Click the theme that you want to change.
3. Do one or more of the following:
o To change the background, click
Desktop Background, select the
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 check box for the image that you want to use, and then click Save changes.
o To change the color of window borders, click Window Color, click the color that
you want to use, adjust the intensity, and then click Save changes.
o To change the sounds for the theme, click Sounds, change sounds in the Program
Events list, and then click OK.
o To add or change a screen saver, click Screen Saver, click an item in the Screen saver
list, change any settings that you want to change, and then click OK.

Your revised theme will appear under My Themes as an unsaved theme. You can also save the
theme by clicking the Save theme link.

Making Text on Screen Larger or Smaller

You can make the text and other items, such

as icons, on your screen easier to see by
making them larger. You can do this without
changing the screen resolution of your
monitor or laptop screen. This allows you to
increase or decrease the size of text and other
items on your screen while keeping your
monitor or laptop set to its optimal
resolution.

• Right-click an empty area of the

desktop, and then click Personalize.
• Click the Display link on the left panel to open the Display window.
• Choose one of the following.

o Smaller - 100% (default). This keeps text and other items at normal size.
o Medium - 125%. This sets text and other items to 125% of normal size.
o Larger - 150%. This sets text and other items to 150% of normal size. This option
appears only if your monitor supports a resolution of 1200 x 900 pixels or higher.

• Click Apply.

To see the change, close all of your programs and then log off of Windows. This change will take
effect the next time you log on.

Screen Resolution

Screen resolution refers to the clarity of the text and images displayed on your screen. At higher
resolutions, such as 1600 x 1200 pixels, items appear sharper. They also appear smaller so more
items can fit on the screen. At lower resolutions, such as 800 x 600 pixels, fewer items fit on the
screen, but they appear larger.

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The resolution you can use depends on the resolutions that your monitor supports. CRT monitors
generally display a resolution of 800 × 600 or 1024 × 768 pixels. LCD monitors, also called flat-
panel displays, and laptop screens generally support higher resolutions.

The larger the monitor, usually the higher the resolution it supports. Whether you can increase your
screen resolution depends on the size and capability of your monitor and the type of graphics card
you have.

To change your screen resolution,

• Right click an empty area of the

desktop, and then click Screen
Resolution.
• Click the drop-down list next to
Resolution, move the slider to the
resolution you want, and then click
Apply.
• Windows will display a confirmation
dialog.
• Click Keep to use the new resolution, or
click Revert to go back to the previous
resolution.

When you set your monitor to a screen

resolution that it won't support, the screen will go black for a few seconds while the monitor reverts
back to the original resolution.

Native resolution

LCD monitors, including laptop screens, typically run best at their native resolution. You don't have
to set your monitor to run at this resolution, but it's usually recommended in order to ensure you see
the sharpest text and images possible.

LCD monitors generally come in two shapes - a standard proportion of width to height of 4:3, or a
widescreen ratio of 16:9 or 16:10. A widescreen monitor has both a wider shape and resolution than
a standard ratio monitor.

If you're unsure of your monitor's native resolution, check the product manual or go to the
manufacturer's website. Here are typical resolutions for some popular screen sizes.

• 19-inch screen (standard ratio): 1280 x 1024 pixels

• 20-inch screen (standard ratio): 1600 x 1200 pixels
• 22-inch screen (widescreen): 1680 x 1050 pixels
• 24-inch screen (widescreen): 1900 x 1200 pixels

User Account Picture

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A user account picture helps identify your account on a computer. The picture is displayed on the
Welcome Screen and on the Start menu. You can change your user account picture to one of the
pictures included with Windows, or you can use your own.

Choosing a Picture for Your User Account and Start Menu

You can choose a picture that will be associated with your user account and shown on screens or
menus that display your user name, such as the Welcome screen or Start menu.

• Right-click an empty area of the

desktop, and then click Personalize.
• Click Change your account picture link
on the left panel to open Change Your
Picture window.
You can also click the user account
picture on top of the Start menu.
• Select an image from the given images.
• Then click on the Change Picture
button

If you want to use a picture of your own, click

Browse for more pictures, navigate to the
picture and select the picture, and then click
Open.

Summary

About Desktop experience, Using themes, Desktop background, creating a desktop background
slideshow, changing window color

Sound schemes; customize a sound scheme

Screen savers, changing screen saver, installing a screen saver, customize a theme, making text on
screen larger or smaller

Screen resolution, user account picture

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Lesson 9 - Programs, Files and Folders

Managing Files and Folders

A file is an item that contains information—for example, text or images

or music. On your computer, files are represented with icons. This makes
it easy to recognize a type of file by looking at its icon.

A folder is a container you can use to store files in. If you had thousands of
paper files on your desk, it would be nearly impossible to find any particular
file when you needed it. That's why people often store paper files in folders
inside a filing cabinet. On your computer, folders work the same way.

Folders can also store other folders. A folder within a folder is usually called a subfolder. You can
create any number of subfolders, and each can hold any number of files and additional subfolders.

Organizing Files and Folders

When it comes to getting organized, you don't need to start from scratch. You can use libraries, a
feature new to this version of Windows, to access your files and folders, and arrange them in
different ways. Windows 7 provides four default libraries - Documents library, Pictures library,
Music library and Videos library. We will see more about these libraries later.

Working with a Folder or Library Window

When you open a folder or library, you see it in
a window. The various parts of this window are
designed to help you navigate around or work
with files, folders, and libraries more easily.

You will come across the following items while

working with a folder or a library.

Navigation pane
Use the navigation pane to access libraries,
folders, saved searches, and even entire hard
disks. Use the Favorites section to open your
most commonly used folders and searches. Use
the Libraries section to access your libraries.
You can also use the Computer folder to
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browse folders and subfolders.

Back and Forward buttons

Use the Back button and the Forward button to navigate to other folders or libraries you've already
opened without closing the current window. These buttons work together with the address bar; after
you use the address bar to change folders, for example, you can use the Back button to return to the
previous folder.

Toolbar
Use the toolbar to perform common tasks, such as changing the appearance of your files and
folders, burning files to a CD, or starting a digital picture slide show. The toolbar's buttons change
to show only the tasks that are relevant to the selected type of file or folder.

Address bar
The address bar can be used to navigate to a different folder or library or to go back to a previous
one.

Library pane
The library pane appears only when you are in a library (such as the Documents library). Use the
library pane to customize the library or to arrange the files by different properties.

Column headings
By clicking the column headings, you can change how the files in the file list are organized. Column
headings are available only in Details view.

File list
This is where the contents of the current folder or library are displayed.

The search box

Type a word or phrase in the search box to look for an item in the current folder or library. The
search begins as soon as you begin typing—so if you type "B," for example, all the files with names
starting with the letter B will appear in the file list.

Details pane

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Use the details pane to see the most common properties associated with the selected file. File
properties are information about a file, such as the author, the date you last changed the file, and any
descriptive tags you might have added to the file.

Preview pane
Use the preview pane to see the contents of most files. If you select a text file or picture, for
example, you can see its contents without opening it in a program. If you don't see the preview pane,
click the Preview pane button in the toolbar to turn it on.

Viewing and Arranging Files and Folders

When you open a folder or library, you can change how the files look in the window.
For example, you might prefer larger (or smaller) icons or a view that lets you see different kinds of
information about each file. To make these kinds of
changes, use the Views button in the toolbar.

Each time you click the left side of the Views button, it
changes the way your files and folders are displayed by
cycling through five different views - Large Icons, List,
a view called Details that shows several columns of
information about the file, a smaller icon view called
Tiles, and a view called Content that shows some of the
content from within the file.

If you click the arrow on the right side of the Views

button, you have more choices. Move the slider up or
down to fine-tune the size of the file and folder icons.
You can see the icons change size as you move the
slider.

Copying and Moving Files and Folders

Occasionally, you might want to change where files are stored on your computer. You might want to
move files to a different folder or copy them to removable media, such as CDs or memory cards, to
share with another person.

Most people copy and move files using a method called drag and drop. Start by opening the folder
that contains the file or folder you want to move. Then, open the folder where you want to move it
to in a different window. Position the windows side by side on the desktop so that you can see the
contents of both.

Next, click and drag the file or folder from the first folder to the second folder.

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If you're dragging an item between two folders that are stored on the same hard disk partition, then
the item is moved to avoid creating multiple copies of the same file or folder. If you drag the item to
a folder that is in a different location, such as a different hard disk partition or a CD, then the item is
copied.

Deleting files

When you no longer need a file, you can remove it from your computer to save space and to keep
your computer from getting cluttered with unwanted files. To delete a file, open the folder or library
that contains the file, and then select the file. Press Delete on your keyboard and then, in the Delete
File dialog box, click Yes.

When you delete a file, it is temporarily stored in the Recycle Bin till you permanently delete it by
emptying the Recycle Bin.

Using Programs

Almost everything you do on your computer requires using a program. For example, if you want to
draw a picture, you need to use a drawing or painting program. To write a letter, you need use a
word processing program. To explore the Internet, you use a program called a web browser.
Thousands of programs are available for Windows.

Opening a program
The Start menu is the gateway to all of the programs on your computer. To open the Start menu,
click the Start button. The left pane of the Start menu contains a small list of programs, including
your recently used programs. To open a program, click it.

If you don't see the program you want to open, but you know its name, type all or part of the name
into the search box at the bottom of the left pane. From the displayed list, click a program to open
it.

To browse a complete list of your programs, click the Start button, and then click All Programs.

Also, opening or double clicking any file automatically opens the program associated it.

Using Commands in Programs

Most programs contain dozens or even hundreds of commands (actions) that you use to work the
program. Many of these commands are organized in a Ribbon, or as Menu, located just under the
title bar.

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These menus are hidden until you click their titles in the menu bar or you select a tab in the ribbon.

Saving a File
As you work on a file, your additions and changes are stored in your computer's random access
memory or the RAM. Storage of information in RAM is temporary and will be erased if your
computer is turned off.

Saving a file or document allows you to name it and to store it permanently on your computer's hard
disk. Once you save the file, is preserved even when your computer is turned off, and you can open
it again later to work on it.

To save a document

1. Click the Save command, which is generally found in the File

menu.
You may also save a file by clicking the Save button.
2. If you are saving a file for the first time, you will require providing
a name for it and a location on your computer to save it.

Even if you have saved a document once, you need to keep saving it as
you work.

Moving Information between Files

Most programs allow you to share text and images between them. When you copy information, it
goes into a temporary storage area called the Clipboard. From there, you can paste it into another
document.

To copy or move text from one document to another,

• In the document, select the text that you want to copy or move. You can select a text by
dragging the cursor across it.
• Click the Edit menu, and click Copy or Cut. Copy leaves the information in your original
document. Cut removes the information from the document.
You can also use the Copy or Cut buttons, incase the Edit menu is not present in a program.
• Switch to the document where you want the text to appear, and then click a location in the
document.
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 • Click the Edit menu, and click Paste. You can paste the text multiple times.
Alternatively, you can use the Paste button, if the Edit menu is not available.

You can also use keyboard shortcuts. Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+X to cut and Ctrl+V to paste.

Undoing the Last Action

Most programs allow you to undo or reverse the last few actions. For example, if you delete a
paragraph in a WordPad document accidentally, you can get it back by using the Undo command. If
you draw a line in Paint that you do not need, you can use the Undo command to remove it.

To undo an action, do any of the following,

• Click the Edit menu, and click Undo or you can also use the Undo button.
• The same can be done by pressing the Ctrl+Z keys together.

Viewing Program Help

Almost every program comes with its own built-in Help, which you can use to find required
information about the program.

To access a program's Help, use one of these methods.

• Click the Help menu and then select the available command to view help topics.
• Alternatively, you can use the Help button.
• You can also access a program's Help system by pressing F1 from the keyboard.

Exiting a Program
To exit a program, click the Close button in the upper-right corner of the program window
or click Exit from the File menu. Remember to save your document before exiting a program.

Summary

In this lesson we learnt,

Managing files and folders, organizing files and folders, working with a folder or library window

Viewing and arranging files and folders, copying and moving files and folders, using programs, using
commands in programs, saving a file

Moving information between files, undoing the last action, viewing program help, exiting a program.

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Lesson 10 - Exploring your Computer

The Computer Folder

From the Computer folder, you can access locations such as hard disks, CD or DVD drives, and
removable media. You can also access other devices that might be connected to your computer,
such as external hard drives and USB flash drives.

A common reason to open the Computer folder is to view the available space on your hard disks
and removable media.

If you right-click an item in the Computer folder,

you can perform tasks such as ejecting a CD or
DVD, viewing the properties of a hard disk, and
formatting a disk.

To open the Computer folder, do one of the

following,

• Double Click the Computer icon on the

desktop

• Open Start Menu, select Computer on

the Right Pane

Once you open the Computer folder, you will be able to view the available hard disk partitions and
their capacities and free storage spaces.

To view the properties of a Hard

Disk partition,

• Right Click the hard disk

drive.

• Select Properties.

You can also rename a hard disk by the following process,

• Right Click on a hard disk partition

• Select Rename.

• Type the new name.

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All your digital data, files and folders get stored inside these hard disk partitions. The operating
system itself also gets stored in the primary partition of the hard disk drive. By default, the OS is
loaded into the primary hard disk partition, labeled as “C:” It will have a Windows logo attached to
its icon.

To further explore the contents inside a partition, double click the drive. Containing folders or files
will be shown. You can again double click the folder icons to open and view the contents. Double
clicking a file will open or execute the file.

Using Documents, Music, Pictures and Video Libraries

The computer folder has two major sections. On the right side, the hard disk partitions or the files
and folders of the selected location is displayed.

On the left, the libraries are visible. There are four libraries. Just click a library to open it. Let us see
what are these libraries and how can they be used.

• Documents library. Use this library to organize and arrange word-processing documents,
spreadsheets, presentations, and other text-related files.

By default, files that you move, copy, or save to the

Documents library are stored in the My Documents
folder.

• Pictures library. Use this library to organize and arrange

your digital pictures, whether you get them from your
camera, scanner, or download from the web.

By default, image files that you move, copy, or save to the

Pictures library are stored in the My Pictures folder.

• Music library. Use this library to organize and arrange your digital music, such as songs that
you rip from an audio CD or that you download from the Internet.

By default, files that you move, copy, or save to the Music library are stored in the My Music
folder.

• Videos library. Use this library to organize and arrange your videos, such as clips from your
digital camera or camcorder.

By default, files that you move, copy, or save to the Videos library are stored in the My
Videos folder.

You can also open the Documents, Pictures, or Music libraries by the following method.

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 • Click the Start button
• On the Right Pane, select Documents, Pictures, or Music.

Creating a New Library

You can also create new libraries to

view and arrange other collections.

To create a new library,

• Click the Start button; click your

user name, which opens your
personal folder.
• In the left pane, click Libraries.
• In Libraries, on the toolbar, click
New library.
• Type a name for the library, and then press Enter.

To copy, move, or save files to a library, you must first include a folder in the library so that the
library knows where to store the files. This folder automatically becomes the default save location
for the library.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About computer folder, using documents, music, pictures and video libraries and their different
features

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Lesson 11 - Managing Your Computer

Control Panel Overview

You can use Control Panel to change settings for Windows. These settings control nearly everything
about how Windows looks and works, and they also allow you to make changes in various settings
to suit your requirement. You can use the Control Panel to adjust the display, manage fonts, create
networks, manage sound devices, set power options, manage the mouse, manage installed programs
and for innumerous other settings.
To open Control Panel,

1. Click Start Menu.

2. Click Control Panel in the Right Pane.

By default the options are grouped in

to categories. To view individual
setting options,

1. Click the drop down menu

next to View by.

2. Select Large icons or Small

icons from the drop down.

Now that we know what is the control panel, we will see how we can use it to manage our computer
settings.

Managing Users

User Accounts

A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows which files and folders you can
access, what changes you can make to the computer. User accounts are useful if multiple users share
the same computer. Each person accesses his or her user account with a user name and password.

There are three types of accounts. Each type gives users a different level of control over the
computer.

• Standard accounts are for everyday computing.

• Administrator accounts provide the most control over a computer, and should only be used
when necessary.
• Guest accounts are intended primarily for people who need temporary use of a computer.

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User Profiles

A user profile is different from a user account. A user account allows you to log on to Windows,
while user profile stores personal preferences and information related to the user. Each user account
has at least one user profile associated with it.

Your user profile is a collection of settings that make the computer look and work the way you want
it to. It contains your settings for desktop backgrounds, screen savers, pointer preferences, sound
settings, and other features. It also contains the personal folders, which are linked to the user
account. Your user profile ensures that your personal preferences are used whenever you log on to
Windows.

Creating and Deleting User Accounts

To create a user account,

• Click Start Menu.

• Click Control Panel in the Right
Pane
• From Control Panel, select User
Accounts.
• Click Manage another account. If
you are prompted for an
administrator password or
confirmation, type the password
or provide confirmation.
• Click Create a new account.

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 • Type the name you want to give the user account.
• Click an account type.
• Click Create Account.

To delete a user account,

• Click Start Menu.

• Click Control Panel in the Right Pane
• From Control Panel, select User Accounts.
• Click Manage another account. If you are prompted for an administrator password or

confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

• Click the account you want to delete, and then click Delete the account.
• Decide if you want to keep or delete the files created under the account by clicking Keep
Files or Delete Files.
• Click Delete Account.

When you delete a user account, you can choose whether you want to keep the files created under
that account. However, e-mail messages and computer settings for the account will be deleted.

You can also change or remove passwords, change the user account picture or even change the
account name in the User Accounts settings by clicking the respective links.

• Change your password

• Remove your password

• Change your picture

• Change your Account

name

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Installing a Program
Installing a program means adding it to your computer. After a program is installed, it appears in
your Start menu in the All Programs list. Some programs might also add a shortcut to your desktop.

How you add a program depends on where the installation files for the program are located.
Typically, programs are installed from a CD or DVD, from the Internet, or from a network.

When you install an application or a program, by default it gets installed in a folder named Program
Files in your primary hard disk partition.

However, if you are using 64 bit version of Windows 7, only the 64 bit versions of the programs get
installed in Program Files. If you install any older or 32 bit program, it gets installed in a separate
folder named Program Files(x86).

To install a program from a CD or DVD,

• Insert the disc into your computer and follow the instructions on your screen.
• If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
• Many programs installed from CDs or DVDs launch an installation wizard for the program
automatically.

In these cases, the AutoPlay dialog box will appear and you can choose to run the wizard.

• If a program doesn't begin to install, check the information that came with the program.
This information will likely provide instructions for installing the program manually.
• You can also browse through the disc and open the program setup file, usually called
Setup.exe or Install.exe.

To install a program from the Internet,

1. In your web browser, click the link to the program.

2. Do one of the following:

o To install the program immediately, click Open or Run and follow the instructions
on your screen. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation,
type the password or provide confirmation.
o To install the program later, click Save and download the installation file to your
computer. When you are ready to install the program, double-click the file and
follow the instructions on your screen.

When downloading and installing programs from the Internet, be sure you trust the publisher of the
program and the website that is offering the program. Also it is a good idea to scan the installation
file for viruses before installing.
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Uninstalling a Program
You can uninstall a program from your
computer if you no longer use it or if you
want to free up space on your hard disk. If
you want to uninstall or make changes to a
program already installed on your computer,
do the following.

• Open Control Panel and then do one

of the following.

o If Category is selected in the

view by type, then click
Uninstall a program link in the
Programs category.
o If small icons or large icons
are selected in the view by
type, then click Programs and
Features.

• Uninstall or change a program

window will open. A list of the installed programs will be
visible.
• Select a program, and then do one of the following.

o Click Uninstall/Change to uninstall the program or application.

o To change or modify a program, click Change or Repair.
Only a few programs include the option to change or repair the program in addition to
uninstalling it.

• If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.

If the program you want to uninstall is not listed, it might not have been written for this version of
Windows. To uninstall the program, check the information that came with the program.

Turn Windows Features On or Off

Some programs and features included with Windows, such as Internet Information Services, must
be turned on before you can use them. Certain other features are turned on by default, but you can
turn them off if you don’t use them.

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To turn a feature off in earlier versions of Windows, you had to uninstall it completely from your
computer. In this version of Windows, the features remain stored on your hard disk so you can turn
them back on if you want to. Turning off a feature does not uninstall the feature, and it does not
reduce the amount of hard disk space used by Windows features.

To turn Windows features on or off, follow these steps,

• Click the Start button, click Control Panel.

• Select Category in the view by type. Click
Programs.
• Click Turn Windows features on or off. If
you are prompted for an administrator
password or confirmation, type the
password or provide confirmation.
• Windows Features dialog box will open.
Some Windows features are grouped
together in folders, and some folders
contain subfolders with additional features.
To view the contents of a folder, double-
click it.
• To turn a Windows feature on, select the
check box next to the feature.
• To turn a Windows feature off, clear the check box.
• Click OK.

Installing a Printer
You can print almost anything with Windows - documents, pictures, WebPages, or e-mail. Various
printing options are available during printing, such as - Double-sided or Single-sided, Monochrome
or Color, Landscape or Portrait orientation etc.

These print options are generally located in the Print dialog box, which you can access from the File
menu in most programs. Ctrl+P are the shortcut which opens the Print dialog box.

Connecting Your Printer

Printers are designed to connect to a Windows-based PC in different ways, depending on the model
and whether you are using it at home or work.

Most of the printing devices connect using a cable and a port on the computer.
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Most modern printers have a universal serial bus (USB) connector, although some older models
might connect to the parallel or serial ports. On a typical PC, the parallel port is often marked LPT1
or by a tiny printer-shaped icon.

When you plug in a USB printer, Windows automatically attempts to identify it and install the
software or the driver needed to make it work with your PC.

Windows is designed to automatically recognize hundreds of printers. However, you should always
consult the instructions that came with your model as some require you to install the manufacturer's
software before you plug it in.

If your printer is older or doesn't use USB, you might have to install it manually.

Next we will learn how to install a printer.

Types of Printers
Local Printers

The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer. This is known
as a local printer.

To install a local printer,

• Open Control Panel.

• Do one of the following.

o If Category is selected in the View by type, then click view devices and printers under
Hardware and Sound category.
o Click Devices and Printers, if Large icons or Small icons is selected in the View by
type.

• Click Add a printer button on the

toolbar.
• In the Add Printer wizard, click Add
a local printer.
• On the Choose a printer port page,
make sure that the Use an existing
port option and the recommended
printer port are selected, and then
click Next.
• On the Install the printer driver
page, select the printer manufacturer
and model, and then click Next.

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 o If your printer isn't listed, click Windows Update, and then wait while Windows
checks for additional drivers.
o If none are available and you have the installation CD, click Have Disk, and then
browse to the folder where the printer driver is located.

• Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.
• Print a test page to make sure the printer is working correctly.

Network Printers

In the workplace, many printers are network printers. These connect directly to a network as a
stand-alone device.

If you're trying to add a network printer at the office, you'll usually need the name of the printer. If
you can't find it, contact your network administrator.

To install a Network, wireless, or Bluetooth printer

• Open Control Panel.

• Do one of the following.
o If Category is selected in the View by type, then click view devices and printers under
Hardware and Sound category.
o Click Devices and Printers, if Large icons or Small icons is selected in the View by
type.

• Click Add a printer button on the toolbar.

• In the Add Printer wizard, click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.

• Windows will detect the printers that are connected to the network either by LAN, Wireless
or Bluetooth and display them in a list.
• In the list of available printers, select the one you want to use, and then click Next.
• If prompted, install the printer driver on your computer by clicking Install driver.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
• Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.
• Print a test page.

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Available printers can include all printers on a network, such as Bluetooth and wireless printers or
printers that are plugged into another computer and shared on the network. You might need
permission to install some printers.

Hardware and Device Manager

Device Manager allows you to view and update the
device drivers installed on your computer, check to see
if hardware is working properly, and modify hardware
settings.

To open the device manager,

• Click Start Menu.

• Right Click on Computer menu in the Right

Pane of the Start menu.

• Select Properties from the context menu.

• In the Properties window, select Device

Manager under the Control Panel Home.

You can also open the Device Manager from Control

Panel directly.

How to Use the Device Manager

A list of installed devices are shown in the device manager which includes Monitors, Hard Disks,
Keyboard, Mouse, Modems, DVD / CD drives, Sound Devices, USB Devices etc.

By now you must have already known that devices require drivers to function properly. If a yellow
triangle with an exclamation make appears beside any of the installed device, it indicates that the
device is not functioning properly. There may be various reasons for this, such as – the device is not
compatible with this version of Windows or probably the driver is not properly installed.

Updating Driver of a Problematic Device

To view driver details or update a driver, do the following.
• Right click the device in the list.
• Click Properties.
The device properties panel will open. Details of the problem will be available in the Device
status section in the General tab.
• Click Update Driver to update the driver.
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 • Update Driver Software window will open. Select any one from the following options –

o Search automatically for

updated driver software,
if you select this, windows
will try to search the
computer and internet for a
driver.
o Browse my computer for
driver software
If you select this option, you
have to manually browse
and select a location where
the driver is stored. You can
select any of the hard disk partitions, folders or CD/DVD drive.

You can also Disable or Uninstall the device by clicking respective buttons in the Driver tab, if you
do not require the device any more.

Folder Options
You can change the way files and folders
function and how items are displayed on your
computer by using Folder Options in Control
Panel.

To open the Folder Options panel,

• Open Control Panel. Select Large icons

or Small icons in the View by type.
• Click Folder Options. The Folder
Options dialog will open.

Let us now see what changes can be applied.

Under General tab, you can select the following

options.
• Open each folder in its own window
This will allow to open each folder in its
own folder window. Use this setting to
keep all open folders that you're working
with on the screen at the same time.

• Open each folder in the same window

This will make each newly opened folder replace the previous one.
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 • Single-click to open an item (point to select)
This option allow to open files and folders with a single click (just like links on a webpage).

• Double-click to open an item (single-click to select)

Use this option to switch back to the standard double-click to open a file or folder.

Click OK to apply the settings.

Advanced Settings for Files and Folders

Under View tab of Folder Options dialog, you can set the advanced file and folder settings. Some
important options are-

• Always show icons, never thumbnails

Use this settings to show icons, rather than thumbnail previews of files. Use this setting if
thumbnail previews are slowing down your computer.

• Always show menus

Use this setting if you want access to the classic menus, which are hidden by default.

• Display file icon on thumbnails

Always show the icon for a file in addition to the thumbnail (for easier access to the related
program).

• Display file size information in folder tips

Use this option to see the size of a folder in a tip when you point to the folder.

• Show hidden files, folders, and drives

Display files, folders, and drives marked as hidden. Use this setting if you need to work with
items that are usually hidden from view.

• Hide extensions for known file types

Clear this check box to see file name extensions as parts of file names. If you select this
check box, only the file name will be displayed and not the extension.

• Hide protected operating system files

Set this option to see all system files that are usually hidden from view.

• Launch folder windows in a separate process

Increase the stability of Windows by opening every folder in a separate part of memory.
However, that doing this could slow your computer's performance.

Select or deselect the check boxes as per your requirement. Click Ok to apply the changes.
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To restore the original settings, on the View tab, click Restore Defaults, and then click OK.

The Shutdown Menu

We have earlier learnt how to shut down a computer using the Shut down button in the Start menu.

However, if you click the white arrow in the Shut down button, you will get the advanced options.
Let us see how they work.

• Switch user
Use this option if there are multiple user
accounts for a computer and two or more
users require to work on the computer
simultaneously. Your files will not be closed.
Multiple users will remain logged in to the
system simultaneously. You will be able to
view your desktop and files when you again
switch to your user account.

• Log off
Use this option if there are multiple user accounts for a computer. If you have finished
working and some other user requires to start working then use this option. It will close all
your files and take you back to the login screen and show the available user icons.

• Lock
This option will lock your computer and prevent any unauthorized person from accessing
any information from your computer even if you leave your computer on. You need not
save or close the files. When you again want to work with your files, just unlock the screen
by entering your password.

• Restart
Selecting this option will allow the computer to shut down and again switch it on
immediately on its own. This feature is helpful if you have installed some new devices or
drivers or make some changes in the system settings which require the computer to shut
down and restart for the changes to take effect.

• Sleep
You can choose to make your computer sleep instead of shutting it down. When your
computer goes to sleep, the display turns off. To wake your computer, press the power
button on your computer case or move the mouse or press any key in the keyboard.
When you turn on your computer again, the screen will look exactly as it did before the
computer went to sleep mode.

• Hibernate
This option is like sleep mode, only the files and folders and programs which you are
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 currently using will remain as it is even if you switch off the power supply. Whenever you
switch on your computer next time, it will reopen files, folders and programs just the way
you left them.

Summary

In this lesson we learnt,

How to manage the computer, Overview of Control panel, Managing users, user accounts, user
profiles

Creating and deleting User accounts, installing a program, uninstalling a program, Turn Windows
features On or Off

Installing a printer, types of printer, Local printer, network printers, Hardware and device manager,
updating driver of a problematic device

Folder options, advanced settings for files and folders, the Shutdown Menu

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Lesson 12 - Utilities

Windows 7 Utilities

There are various programs, applications and utilities that come installed with Windows 7. These
applications make it easier for you to do certain tasks such as create text files, paint a picture, take a
screenshot etc. There are also applications such as calculator, games and media players which you
may require often.

Using Compressed Folders

Compressed files take up less storage space and can be transferred to other computers more quickly
than uncompressed files. You can work with compressed files and folders in the
same way that you work with uncompressed files and folders. You can also
combine several files into a single compressed folder. This makes it easier to share
a group of files. A compressed folder is called a Zipped folder. The folder has an
extension of .zip.

To compress or zip a file or folder,

• Locate the file or folder that you want to compress.

• Right-click the file or folder,
• Select Send to from the context menu and then click Compressed (zipped) Folder.

A new compressed folder is created in the same location.

To rename it, right click the folder, click Rename, and then type the new name.

To extract or unzip compressed files or folders,

1. Locate the compressed folder that you want to extract files or folders from.
2. Do one of the following:
o To extract a single file or folder, double-click the compressed folder to open it.
Then, drag the file or folder from the compressed folder to a new location.
o To extract the entire contents of the compressed folder, right click the folder, click
Extract All, and then follow the instructions.

Mounting and Dismounting USB Drives

A USB flash drive is a small, portable device that plugs into a computer's USB port. Like a hard disk,
USB flash drive stores information, but with a flash drive you can easily transfer that information
from one computer to another. USB flash drives vary in size and shape and can hold gigabytes of
information. USB flash drives are also called pen drives, key chain drives, key drives, and memory
keys.

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To mount a USB drive, do the following,

To mount it, just plug it in to any available USB port. The required driver will get installed
automatically.

Once installed, it will be visible inside the Computer folder along with other hard disk drives. You
can start copying files from your hard disk to the USB drive or from USB drive to your hard disk.

To dismount a USB drive,

When unplugging storage devices, such as USB flash drives, make sure that the computer has
finished saving any information to the device before removing it. If the device has an activity light,
wait for a few seconds after the light has finished flashing before unplugging it.

• Click the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the notification area of

the taskbar.
The Safely Remove Hardware icon will look like a USB
connector with a green check mark on it.

• A pop-up menu will appear listing

the devices that can be removed.

• Click the item you want to

remove on the pop-up menu.

• When you see a pop-up message saying that it is safe to

remove the hardware, you can unplug the device.

Notepad

Notepad is a basic text-editing program and it is most

commonly used to view or edit text files. A text file is a file type
typically identified by the .txt file name extension.

To open notepad,

• Click the Start button.

• Click All Programs.
• Click Accessories.
• Select Notepad.

Note pad allows you some basic functionality such as,

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 • Changing Font style and Size. This option is available under the Format menu.
• Switch Word Wrap on or off from the Format menu.
• Basic functions such as Cut, Copy and Paste.
• Finding and replacing words using the Find and Replace commands.

Sticky Notes

You can use Sticky Notes to write a to-do list, jot down a phone number, or anything else that you
would use a pad or paper for. To type a note, click where you want
the text to appear, and then start typing.

To create or delete a new sticky note,

1. Click the Start button.

2. Click All Programs.
3. Click Accessories.
4. Select Sticky Notes.

To create additional notes, click the New Note button, which looks
like the + sign on the top left corner. You can also open a new
note by pressing Ctrl+N.

To delete a Sticky Note, just click the Delete Note button

Formatting a Sticky Note

You can format text, add bullets to make a list, or change the text size by
using keyboard shortcuts.

• Select the text that you want to change.

• Use the following keyboard shortcuts to format the text on your
note:

Type of Keyboard shortcut

formatting
Bold text Ctrl+B
Italic text Ctrl+I
Underlined text Ctrl+U
Strikethrough Ctrl+T
Bulleted list Ctrl+Shift+L (Press this keyboard shortcut
again to switch to a numbered list.)
Increased text size Ctrl+Shift+>
Decreased text size Ctrl+Shift+<
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More Options

To resize a note, drag an edge or corner of the note to make it larger or smaller.

To change the position of a Sticky Note, click on the top and drag it to a new location on the screen.

To change color, right click and select a color.

Paint
Paint is a feature in Windows 7 that you can use to create drawings on a blank drawing area or in
existing pictures. Many of the tools you use in Paint are found in the Ribbon, which is near the top
of the Paint window.

To open Paint,

1. Click the Start button.

2. Click All Programs.
3. Click Accessories.
4. Select Paint.

Drawing and Painting in Paint

There are various tools available in Paint for drawing and painting. You can use the Pencil tool,
Eraser tool and Shapes to draw and edit drawing. Different types of brushes are also available for
painting.

You can also Resize, Rotate or Crop your image in Paint.

After you have finished creating working with, you need to save your image.

Snipping Tool

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You can use Snipping Tool to capture a screen shot, or snip, of any object on your screen, and then
annotate, save, or share the image.

You can capture any of the following types of snips or screen shots-

• Free-form Snip. Using this, you can draw a

free-form shape around an object.
• Rectangular Snip. Drag the cursor around an
object to form a rectangle.
• Window Snip. Select a window, such as a
browser window or dialog box that you want to
capture.
• Full-Screen Snip. Use this to capture the entire
screen.

After you capture a snip, it is automatically copied to the Clipboard and the mark-up window. From
the mark-up window, you can annotate, save, or share the snip.

To capture a snip or screen shot,

• Click the Start button.

• Click All Programs
• Click Accessories
• Select Snipping Tool
• Click the arrow next to the New button, and select one of the following from the list –

o Free-form Snip
o Rectangular Snip
o Window Snip
o Full-screen Snip

• Then select the area of your screen that you want to capture.
• Click the Save Snip button in the mark-up window to save it as an image file.

To Capture a Snip of a Menu

If you want to capture a snip of a menu, such as the Start menu, follow these steps,

• Open Snipping Tool.

• After you open Snipping Tool, press Esc key, and then open the menu that you want to
capture.
• Press Ctrl + Prt Scr keys.
• Click the arrow next to the New button, select a snip type, and then select the area of your
screen that you want to capture.
• Click the Save Snip button in the mark-up window to save it as an image file.

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Calculator

You can use Calculator to perform simple calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division. Calculator also offers the advanced capabilities of a programming, scientific, and
statistical calculator.

You can perform calculations by clicking the calculator buttons, or

you can type calculations by using your keyboard. You can also use
the numeric keypad to type numbers and operators by pressing the
Num Lock key.

To open Calculator,

1. Click the Start button.

2. Click All Programs
3. Click Accessories
4. Select Calculator

There are various modes which you can use as per your
requirement. You can change the modes from View menu.

• Standard mode
• Scientific mode
• Programmer mode
• Statistics mode

Apart from these, you can also calculate fuel economy, lease or mortgage payments.

Games

Windows comes with a variety of pre-installed games to play.

There are board games, card games, multiplayer Internet
games, and even games for kids.

You will find them all in the Games folder. To start playing,
just open the folder and double-click a game icon.

You can also open Games by the following method.

1. Click the Start button.

2. Click All Programs.
3. Click Games.
4. Select a Game from the list of available Games.

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Games are categorized in to the following types.

• Internet Games
• Board Games
• Card Games
• Children’s Games
You can install more Games from CD/DVD or from websites, including Microsoft website.

Playing Audio and Video

Windows Media Player

You can use Windows Media Player to play

digital media files that are in your Player
Library, on your computer or a network
folder, or on a website. You can play both
audio and video files using the Windows
Media Player.

You can play an audio or video file just by

double clicking it. It will automatically start
playing using the Windows Media Player, if
you do not have any other player installed in
your system or if you have not changed the
default player.

To play a file from the Player Library,

1. Click the Start button, click All Programs, and then click Windows Media Player.

2. In the Player Library, browse or search for the item that you want to play.

3. To play a file in the Player Library, do one of the following,

o In the details pane, double-click the item to begin playing it.
o Click the Play tab, and then drag an item from the details pane to the list pane.

To add more items to play list,

You can add individual items (such as one or more songs) or collections of items (such as one or
more albums, artists, genres, years, or ratings) to the list pane while Windows Media Player is already
open.

• Select an audio or video file. You can also select multiple files.
• Drag the selection to the list pane.

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If you drag a collection of items to the list pane, the first item in the list will begin playing.

If the list pane already contains other items, you can clear the contents by clicking the Clear list
button.

Windows Media Center

For advanced playing options, you can use

the Windows Media Center. With
Windows Media Center, you can play
home videos and view your digital photos
in a number of ways. Windows Media
Center can play many different music,
video, and picture file types.

Music file types

The following music file types are

supported in Media Center.

Music file types (format) File name extensions

Windows Media Audio file .asx, .wm, .wma, and .wmx
Windows audio file .wav
MP3 audio file .mp3 and .m3u
Advanced Audio Coding .aac

Video file types

The following table lists the video file types that are supported in Media Center.

Video file types (format) File name extensions

Windows Media file .wm and .asf
Windows Media Video file .wmv
Windows video file .avi
Windows TV file .wtv
Microsoft Recorded TV Show file .dvr-ms
Movie file .mpeg, .mpg, .mpe, .m1v, .mp2, .mpv2, and .vob

Windows Speech Recognition

You can use your voice to control your computer. You can say commands that the computer will
respond to, and you can dictate text to the computer.

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Before you get started using Windows Speech Recognition, you will need to connect a microphone
to your computer. Once you have got the microphone set up, you can train your computer to better
understand your voice by creating a voice profile that your computer uses to recognize your voice
and spoken commands.

After you have got your microphone and voice profile set up, you can use Speech Recognition to do
the following.

• Control your computer - Speech Recognition listens and responds to your spoken
commands. You can use Speech Recognition to run programs and interact with Windows.

• Dictate and edit text - You can use Speech Recognition to dictate words into word-
processing programs or to fill forms in a web browser. You can also use Speech Recognition
to edit text on your computer.

Setting Up Windows Speech Recognition

There are three steps to setting up Speech

Recognition,

• Set up your microphone.

• Learn how to talk to your
computer.
• Train your computer to understand your speech.

Before you get started, make sure that your microphone is connected to your computer.

Set up your microphone

1. Open Control Panel from the Start menu.

2. Select Speech Recognition from Ease of Access group.
3. Click Set up microphone.
4. Follow the instructions on the screen.

The success of speech recognition is directly related to the quality of the microphone you use.

Learn how to talk to your computer

Windows comes with a speech training tutorial to

help teach you the commands used with Speech
Recognition. The tutorial takes about 30 minutes
to complete.

1. Open Control Panel from the Start menu.

2. Select Speech Recognition from Ease of

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 Access group.
3. Click Take Speech Tutorial.
4. Follow the instructions in the tutorial.

Train your computer to recognize your speech

Speech Recognition uses a unique voice profile to recognize your voice and spoken commands. As
you use Speech Recognition, your voice profile gets more detailed; this should improve your
computer’s ability to understand you.

1. Open Control Panel from the Start menu.

2. Select Speech Recognition from Ease of Access group.
3. Click Train your computer to better understand you.
4. Follow the instructions on the screen.

Common Commands in Speech Recognition

The following table shows some of the most commonly used commands in Speech Recognition.

To do this Say this

Click any item by its name Click File; Start; View
Click any item Click Recycle Bin; Click file name
Double-click any item Double-click Recycle Bin; Double-click file name
Switch to an open program Switch to Paint; Switch to program name;
Scroll in one direction Scroll up; Scroll down; Scroll left; Scroll right
Insert a new paragraph or new line in a New paragraph; New line
document
Select a word in a document Select word
Select a word and start to correct it Correct word
Select and delete specific words Delete word
Make the computer listen to you Start listening
Make the computer stop listening Stop listening
Move the Speech Recognition Move speech recognition
microphone bar
Minimize the microphone bar Minimize speech recognition
Press keyboard key; Press a; Press capital b; Press Shift
Press any key on the keyboard
plus a; Press Ctrl plus a etc.
Press certain keyboard keys without Delete; Backspace; Enter; Page Up; Page down; Home;
saying "press" first End; Tab etc.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Windows 7 Utilities, Using compressed folder, mounting and dismounting USB drives
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Notepad features, Stick Notes, formatting a stick note, More options, Paint option

Snipping tool in Windows 7, using calculator, Games in Windows 7, playing audio and video,
Windows Media Player, Music files types

Windows speech recognition, setting up windows speech recognition, common commands in

speech recognition

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Lesson 13 - Internet
Chapter 74
About Internet
Internet can be simply described as a network of networks. It contains a vast collection of
information and resources. You can connect your computer to the internet using a dialup or
broadband connection or any other available method to take advantage of this vast collection of
information, resource, knowledge and entertainment.

There are a few terms closely related to internet, let us take a look at these terms.

URL – Universal Resource Locator or URL is the address of a website or any other resource which
you want to view. Example – http://www.msn.com
Email – This is the short and more common term used for electronic mail.
Browser – This is application software, which is used to view and browse website pages.
Search Engine – This is primarily a web based program

Creating Internet Connections

The Connect to the Internet wizard will guide you through the steps of setting up a new connection.
You can use two types of connections to connect to the internet.

• PPPoE (Broadband )
Connection
• Dial-up Connection

Point-to-Point Protocol over

Ethernet (PPPoE) Internet
connection is much faster than the
Dial-up connection.

To create a PPPoE connection,

follow these steps.

Switch on the Modem and

•
make sure it is connected to
the computer.
• Select Network and sharing
Center from the Control Panel (keep the view by type to Large icons or Small icons)
• Under Change your network settings section, click Set up a new connection or network
• Choose Connect to the Internet from the available connection options and click Next
• Select Broadband (PPPoE)

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 • Type the User name and Password that you have received from the service provider.
Give a connection name.
• Click Connect

To create a Dial-up connection, follow these steps.

• Switch on the Modem and make sure it is connected to the

computer.
• Select Network and sharing Center from the Control Panel
(keep the view by type to Large icons or Small icons)
• Under Change your network settings section, click Set up a
new connection or network
• Choose Set up a dial-up connection from the available
connection options and click Next
• Enter the Dial-up phone number, User name and Password
as provided by your service provider.
• Click Create.

These connection settings will get stored and you can later use
these settings to connect to the internet again when you require.

Click the Network icon in the taskbar. Select the desired connection and click Connect.

Internet Explorer Basics

For viewing websites and browsing internet, you require a web browser. Internet Explorer is one of
the most widely used web browser for Windows based computers.

Internet Explorer makes browsing the web easier, safer, and more enjoyable. When you install
Windows 7, Internet Explorer 8 gets installed along with it.

To open Internet Explorer,

• Click the Start button

• Click All Programs
• Click Internet Explorer

Let us understand the Internet Explorer 8 interface.

It has the following components-

• Menu Bar – This consists of the standard menus such as – File, Edit, View, Favorites,
Tools and Help.

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 • Address Bar - This is the area where you require typing the URL or website address which
you want to browse.

• Navigation Buttons – This can be used to navigate between the pages.

• Search Bar – The default search is provided by Bing. You can use this feature to search
information on internet even without opening a search engine site.

• Favorites Bar – You can bookmark your favorites sites here for easy access.

• Command Bar – Contains various commands and buttons for opening home page, printing
a page, adjusting page properties, settings and tools for configuring safety and privacy.

The menu bar can be turned on or off in Internet Explorer. Here's how to display the menu bar if it
is turned off.

To display or hide the Menu Bar, Command Bar, Favorites Bar or the Status Bar, do the following

• Click the Tools button in the Command bar.

• Point to Toolbars.
• Click the toolbar name you want to hide or display.

You can also display or hide the same by right clicking above the Command bar area and then
selecting the toolbar name.

To start browsing, just type the website URL (Example - www.google.com) in the address bar and
then press Enter. You can also enter a word or phrase in the Search Field and click the Search
button. A list of relevant websites will be displayed. You can click any of the listed links to view the
website.

Useful Features of Internet Explorer

Deleting Browsing History

As you browse the web, Internet Explorer stores information about the websites you visit, as well as
information that websites frequently ask you to provide (such as your name and address). Internet
Explorer stores the following types of information-

• Temporary Internet files

• Cookies
• A history of the websites you have visited
• Saved web passwords

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Usually, it's helpful to have this information stored on your computer—it can improve your web
browsing speed and also save you from having to type the same information over and over. But you
might want to delete that information if you do not want any of your personal information to be left
behind.

To delete browsing history,

1. Click the Safety button, and then click Delete Browsing History.
2. Select the check box next to each category of information you want to delete.
3. Click Delete.

InPrivate Browsing

InPrivate Browsing enables you to surf the web without storing history of your visited sites.
You can start InPrivate Browsing from the New Tab page or the Safety button.

When you start InPrivate Browsing, Internet Explorer opens a new browser window.

Saving a Webpage

You can also save a webpage as a file on your computer.

To save a webpage as a file,

1. Open Internet Explorer.

2. Go to the webpage you want to save.
3. Click the Page button, and then click Save As.
4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the webpage.
5. Type a new name for the file.
6. In the Save as type box, do one of the following:

o To save all the files associated with the page, including graphics, frames, and style
sheets in their original format, click Webpage, complete.
o To save all information as a single file, click Web Archive, single file (*.mht).
o To save just the current HTML page, without graphics, sounds, or other files, click
Webpage, HTML only.
o To save just the text from the current webpage, click Text File.

7. Click Save.

Printing a Webpage
Printing a web page is very easy in Internet Explorer. To print a web page which you are viewing,
click the Print button on the Command Bar. Printing will start with the available settings.

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If you want to change the settings, click the arrow on the right of the Print button. Select Page
Setup, Print Preview and make the required changes.

Pop-up Blocker
Using the Pop-up Blocker, you can enable or disable the pop ups during browsing.

To enable or disable,

• Click the Tools button,

• Select Pop-up Blocker, and select one of the following.

o Turn on Pop-up Blocker

o Turn off Pop-up Blocker.

Internet Options
Using the Internet Options dialog, you can modify various features of Internet Explorer.

To open Internet options,

Click Tools in the Command bar, and select Internet Options.

You can do the following under the General tab,

• Set a Home page for the browser.
• Delete Browsing History.
• View Temporary files.
• Change the Font and Colors

E-mail Basics
E-mail (short for electronic mail) is a fast and convenient way to communicate with others. Using
internet, you can send or receive emails within seconds. Sending e-mail is also free. Unlike sending a
regular letter, no stamp or fee is required, no matter where the recipient lives. The only charges that
apply are those that you pay for an Internet connection or a specific e-mail program.

For sending and receiving e-mails, you need an e-mail address. You can get an e-mail address from
your ISP or web-based e-mail service when you sign up. An e-mail address consists of a user name
and the name of your ISP or web-based e-mail provider, joined with a “@” sign. Example -
sachin@gmail.com.
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You can get free email ids from many email service providers, such as gmail.com, yahoo.com,
rediff.com, msn.com. Your service provider or ISP (Internet Service Provider) will also provide you
a password along with the e-mail id. To access e-mail, you will require to login using the id and
password into a web based e-mail service or an e-mail client application, which may have to be
installed separately.

A typical email has the following

sections –

• To: field

• Cc: field

• Subject

• Body

You can also attach and send files with your emails.

Installing and Configuring Outlook 2010

Microsoft Outlook 2010 is an email client

application. This does not come bundled with
Windows 7; you require to separately installing this
application in to your computer. Microsoft Outlook
2010 is a part of Microsoft Office 2010 software
package. When you install the full Office 2010
package, this application also gets installed as a part
of it.

To start using MS Outlook 2010, you require

configuring the application so that it can connect to
your email server. The following steps will guide you to do so.

• From start Menu, select All Programs, locate and click Microsoft Outlook 2010.
• Microsoft Outlook Startup Wizard will open. Click Next to proceed.
• E-mail Accounts screen will open. Here you need to confirm whether you want to
configure an E-mail account. Select Yes and click Next.
• Auto Account Setup screen will open, do the following:

o Select E-mail Account.

o Your Name: Enter the Name which you want to display as a sender.
o E-mail Address: Enter the E-mail ID which you want to configure for sending and
receiving E-mails.
o Password: Enter the password which you use to login in to your E-mail account.
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 o Retype Password: Retype your password here for confirmation.
o Click Next.

• Next Outlook will automatically check and configure the server settings for your E-mail
Account.
• Once server settings are configured, Outlook will set up your account.

Using Outlook 2010

You can start using Outlook once it is configured.

On the left pane, there are folders that store your E-mails. You will find
the following folders-

Inbox - All new mails will get stored in this folder. Unread mails will be
marked in bold. Also the number of unread mails will be displayed beside
the Inbox folder.

Drafts – This stores the unsent or incomplete mails which you can send
later.

Sent Items – This stores the mails that you have already sent.

Deleted Items – This store deleted E-mails, till you permanently delete
them.

You will also find link to advanced features such as Calendar, Contacts
and Tasks.

Just beside the left pane, the list of E-mails within the selected folder is
displayed. To read an E-mail, just select an item from the displayed list.
The E-mail will be displayed in the right side of the window. You can
adjust and resize these panels by dragging the borders.

Using the Home tab, you can perform the basic actions such as create
New E-mail, Reply to an E-mail or Delete E-mails etc.

Using the options in Send/Receive tab, you can send unsent E-mails or check for new E-mails.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Internet, creating internet connections, internet explorer basics, useful features of internet
explorer

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Deleting browsing history, InPrivate browsing, saving webpage, printing a webpage, Pop-up blocker,
Internet options

E-mail basics, Installing and configuring Outlook 2010, using Outlook 2010

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Lesson 14 – Windows Security

Windows Action Center

Action Center is a central place to view alerts and take actions that can help keep Windows running
smoothly.

Action Center lists important

messages about Security and
Maintenance settings that need
your attention. Red items in
Action Center are labeled
Important, and indicate significant
issues that should be addressed
soon, such as an outdated
antivirus program that needs
updating. Yellow items are
suggested tasks that you should
consider addressing, like
recommended maintenance tasks.

To view details about either the

Security or Maintenance section, click the heading or the arrow next to the heading to expand or
collapse the section. It shows you the details and also gives you options to take necessary actions.

If you do not want to see certain types of messages, you can choose to hide them from view.

To Open Action Center,

• Open Control Panel

• Select Large Icons or Small Icons in the View by type.
• Click Action Center.

You can quickly see whether there are any new messages in
Action Center by placing your mouse over the Action Center
icon in the notification area on the taskbar. If serious issues are
there, the icon will show a cross mark that is red in color.

You can click the icon to view more detail, and click a message
to address the issue.

If you are having a problem with your computer, you can check
Action Center to see if the issue has been identified.

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Antivirus
Windows does not include any antivirus software. You must separately install an antivirus program
to protect your computer from
spyware, malware or viruses. Most
antivirus programs are sold with
annual subscriptions that can be
renewed as needed.

Installing an antivirus program

and keeping it up-to-date can help
defend your computer against
viruses. Most antivirus software is
designed to update automatically,
but you can also update your
software manually.

Antivirus programs scan for viruses that try to get into your e-mail, operating system, or files. New
viruses appear daily, so check the antivirus manufacturer's website frequently for updates.

Though Windows does not come with antivirus software, but it can often detect and monitor
antivirus software that was installed by you. The status of your antivirus software is displayed in
Action Center.

If Windows can detect your antivirus software, it will be listed under Virus protection, in the
Security section of Action Center. You can update your anti virus software using the Update now
button in the Action Center.

If your antivirus software is not displayed in Action Center, you can download an update from the
downloads section of your antivirus software provider’s website and then install it.

Windows Defender
Windows Defender, included in Windows, is anti-
malware software that can help protect your
computer against spyware and other unwanted
software, such as ad ware. Windows Defender is
installed and turned on by default.

You can open Windows Defender by the following

process,

• Open Control Panel

• Select Large Icons or Small Icons in the
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 View by type.
• Click Windows Defender.

Windows Firewall

A firewall is software or hardware that checks

information coming from the Internet or a network,
and then either blocks it or allows it to pass through to
your computer, depending on your firewall settings.

A firewall can help prevent hackers or malicious

software, such as worms, from gaining access to your
computer through a network or the Internet. A firewall
can also help stop your computer from sending
malicious software to other computers.

You can open Windows Firewall to view the

current setting status or modify the settings.
You can open Windows Firewall by clicking
the Windows Firewall link from Control
Panel.

Firewall Settings

You can customize four settings for each type of network location in Windows Firewall.
To use these settings,

1. Click to open Windows Firewall.

2. In the left pane, click Turn Windows Firewall on or off. If you are prompted for an
administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

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The following options are available.

• Turn on Windows Firewall - This setting is selected by

default. When Windows Firewall is on, most programs are
blocked from communicating through the firewall. If you
want to allow a program to communicate through the
firewall, you can add it to the list of allowed programs.

• Block all incoming connections, including those in

the list of allowed programs - This setting blocks all
unsolicited attempts to connect to your computer. Use this
setting when you need maximum protection for your
computer, such as when you connect to a public network
in a hotel or airport, or when a computer worm is
spreading over the Internet. With this setting, you aren't
notified when Windows Firewall blocks programs, and
programs in the list of allowed programs are ignored.
When you block all incoming connections, you can still view most WebPages, send and receive
e-mail, and send and receive instant messages.

• Notify me when Windows Firewall blocks a new program - If you select this check box,
Windows Firewall will inform you when it blocks a new program and give you the option of
unblocking that program.

• Turn off Windows Firewall (not recommended) - Avoid using this setting unless you have
another firewall running on your computer. Turning off Windows Firewall might make your
computer (and your network, if you have one) more vulnerable to damage from hackers and
malicious software.

Bitlocker
BitLocker Drive Encryption is available only in Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Windows 7.

You can use BitLocker Drive Encryption to help protect the files stored on internal hard disk
partitions or on removable data drives (such as external hard drives or USB flash drives).

Unlike Encrypting File System (EFS), which enables you to encrypt individual files, BitLocker
encrypts the entire drive. You can log on and work with your files normally, but BitLocker can help
block hackers from accessing the system files they rely on to discover your password, or from
accessing your drive by removing it from your computer and installing it in a different computer.

When you add new files to a drive that is encrypted with BitLocker, BitLocker encrypts them
automatically. Files remain encrypted only while they are stored in the encrypted drive.

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If you encrypt data drives (fixed or removable), you can unlock an encrypted drive with a password
or a smart card, or set the drive to automatically unlock when you log on to the computer.

You can turn off BitLocker at any time, either temporarily by suspending it, or permanently by
decrypting the drive.

To turn on BitLocker,

1. Open Control Panel. Select

Category in View by type.
2. Click System and Security.
3. Click BitLocker Drive
Encryption.
4. Click Turn On BitLocker.
This opens the BitLocker
setup wizard.

Follow the instructions in the

wizard. If you are prompted for an
administrator password or
confirmation, type the password
or provide confirmation.

To turn off or temporarily

suspend BitLocker,

1. Open Control Panel. Select Category in View by type.

2. Click System and Security.
3. Click BitLocker Drive Encryption.
4. Do one of the following:

o To temporarily suspend BitLocker, click Suspend Protection, and then click Yes.
o To turn off BitLocker and decrypt the drive, click Turn Off BitLocker, and then click
Decrypt Drive.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

About Windows security, Windows Action center, Antivirus, Windows Defender

Windows Firewall and its settings, Turn on Windows Firewall, Bitlocker Drive encryption

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Lesson 15 - Maintenance

Checking and Fixing Disk Drives

You can solve some computer problems and improve the performance of your computer by making
sure that your hard disk has no errors.

• Open the Computer folder from the Right pane in the Start menu.
• Right-click the hard disk that you want to check, and then click Properties.
• Click the Tools tab, and then, under Error-checking, click Check now. If you are
prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide
confirmation.
• Check Disk dialog will open. Select the following options

o To automatically repair problems with files and folders that the scan detects, select
automatically fix file system errors. Otherwise, the disk check will report problems but
not fix them.
o To perform a thorough disk check, select Scan for and attempt recovery of bad
sectors. This scan attempts to find and repair physical errors on the hard disk itself,
and it can take much longer to complete.

To check for both file errors and physical errors, select both Automatically fix file system errors and
Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors.

• Click Start.

Depending on the size of your hard disk, this might take several minutes. For best results, don't use
your computer for any other tasks while it is checking for errors.

If you select Automatically fix file system errors for a disk that is in use (for example, the partition
that contains Windows), you'll be prompted to reschedule the disk check for the next time you
restart your computer.

Disk Cleanup

Disk Cleanup can reduce the number of unnecessary files from your hard disk to free up disk space
and help your computer run faster. It removes temporary files, empties the Recycle Bin, and
removes a variety of system files and other items that you no longer need.

The following procedure cleans up files associated with your user account. You can also use Disk
Cleanup to clean up all the files on your computer.

1. Click Start menu, select All Programs and then click Accessories.
2. Select System Tools and then select Disk Cleanup.
3. In the Drives list, click the hard disk drive that you want to clean up, and then click OK.
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 4. In the Disk Cleanup dialog box, on the Disk Cleanup tab, select the check boxes for the file
types that you want to delete, and then click OK.
5. In the message that appears, click Delete files.

This can also be done by right-clicking a drive and then selecting Properties. The option will be
there in the General tab of Properties dialog.

Defragmentation

Data fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer.
Removable storage devices such as USB flash drives can also become fragmented after prolonged
use. Disk Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more
efficiently. Disk Defragmenter can be runs on a schedule, but you can also analyze and Defragment
your disks and drives manually.

To Defragment a hard disk,

1. Click Start menu, select All Programs and then click Accessories.
2. Select System Tools and then select Disk Defragmenter.
3. Under Current status, select the disk you want to Defragment.
4. To determine if the disk needs to be defragmented or not, click Analyze disk. If you are
prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide
confirmation.

Once Windows is finished analyzing the disk, you can check the percentage of fragmentation on the
disk in the Last Run column. If the number is above 10%, you should Defragment the disk.

5. Click Defragment disk. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation,
type the password or provide confirmation.

Disk Defragmenter might take from several minutes to a few hours to finish, depending on the size
and degree of fragmentation of your hard disk.

Task Manager

Task Manager displays the programs, processes, and services that are currently running on your
computer. You can use Task Manager to monitor your computer’s performance or to close a
program that is not responding.

If you are connected to a network, you can also use Task Manager to view network status and see
how your network is functioning.

You can also open Task Manager by right-clicking an empty area on the taskbar and then clicking
Task Manager, or by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc.
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Task Scheduler

If you use a specific program on a regular basis, you can use the Task Scheduler wizard to create a
task that opens the program for you automatically on a scheduled time.
For example, you can schedule a task to scan your hard disk drives or defragment the hard disk
drives automatically, on a fixed date every month.

1. Open Start menu. Open Accessories from All Programs.

2. Open System Tools and then click to open Task Scheduler.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
3. Click the Action menu, and then click Create Basic Task.
4. Type a name for the task and an optional description, and then click Next.
5. Do one of the following,

o To select a schedule based on the calendar, click Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or One
time, click Next; specify the schedule you want to use, and then click Next.
o To select a schedule based on common recurring events, select when the computer
starts or When I log on, and then click Next.
o To select a schedule based on specific events, click when a specific event is logged,
click Next; specify the event log and other information using the drop-down lists,
and then click Next.

6. To schedule a program to start automatically, click Start a program, and then click Next.
7. Click Browse to find the program you want to start, and then click Next.
8. Click Finish.

Task Scheduler is a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in and includes additional help for
advanced users. For more information, open Task Scheduler, click the Help menu, and then click
Help Topics.

Using Safe Mode

Safe mode starts Windows with a limited set

of files and drivers. Startup programs do not
run in safe mode, and only the basic drivers
needed to start Windows are loaded.

Safe Mode is useful for troubleshooting

problems with programs and drivers that
might not start correctly or that might prevent
Windows from starting correctly. If a recently
installed program, device, or driver prevents
Windows from running correctly, you can
start your computer in safe mode and then

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remove the program that is causing the problem.

When using Safe Mode to troubleshoot problems with your computer, you might find the following
tools and features helpful.

• Recovery
• Control Panel
• Device Manager
• Command Prompt

Starting your computer in safe mode

• Remove all floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs from your computer.
• Click the Start button, click the arrow next to the Shut down button, and then click Restart.
• Do one of the following,

o If your computer has a single operating system installed, press and hold the F8 key as
your computer restarts. You need to press F8 before the Windows Logo appears.
o If your computer has more than one operating system, use the arrow keys to
highlight the operating system you want to start in safe mode, and then press F8.

• On the Advanced Boot Options screen, use the arrow keys to select one of the following
Safe Mode options you want, and then press Enter.

o Safe mode
o Safe mode with command prompt
o Safe mode with networking
o Last Known Good Configuration

• Log on to your computer with a user account that has administrator rights.

When your computer is in Safe Mode, you will see the words Safe Mode in the corners of your
monitor. To exit safe mode, restart your computer and let Windows start normally.

Command Prompt

Command Prompt is a feature of Windows that provides an entry point for typing MS-DOS
(Microsoft Disk Operating System) commands and other computer commands. The most important
thing to know is that by typing commands, you can perform tasks on your computer without using
the Windows Graphical Interface. Command Prompt is typically only used by advanced users.

To run Command Prompt,

1. Click the Start button.

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 2. In the search box, type Command Prompt.
3. In the list of results, click Command Prompt.

To view a list of common commands, type help at the Command Prompt, and then press Enter.

Backup and Restore

Windows 7 Backup
To help ensure that you do not lose
your files, you should back them up
regularly. You can set up automatic
backups or manually back up your
files at any time. Windows 7 Backup
allows you to create the following-

• File Backup - Using this

feature you can back up your
individual data files. You can
either allow Windows to choose
what to back up or you can
select individual folder, libraries
or drives as per your
requirement. By default, your
backups are created on a regular schedule. You can change the schedule and you can manually
create a backup at any time. Once you set up Windows Backup, Windows keeps track of the
files and folders that are new or modified and adds them to your backup.

Additionally, you can also have a system image created each time your files are backed up.
By default, this system image will only include the drives required for Windows to run.

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 • System Image Backup – This feature provides you with the ability to create a system image,
which is an exact image of a drive. A system image includes the Windows OS and your system
settings, programs, and files. You can use a system image to restore the contents of your
computer if your hard drive or computer ever stops working. When you restore your
computer from a system image, all of your current programs, system settings, and files are
replaced. You cannot choose individual items to restore.

Creating Backups of you Files and Folders

• Open Control Panel from the Start menu. Do one of the following.

o If large icons or Small icons are selected in the View by type, then click Backup and
Restore.

o If View by Category is selected, then click Back up your computer. You can find this
link under System and Security.

• Do one of the following to take backup.

o If you have never used Windows Backup before, click Set up backup, and then
follow the steps in the wizard. If you are prompted for an administrator password or
confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

o If you have created a backup before, you can wait for your regularly scheduled
backup to occur.

You may also create a new backup manually, by clicking Back up now.

Do not back up your files to the same hard disk that Windows is installed on, as all your backup will
be lost if the hard disk stops working. It is better to use external media such as external hard disks,
DVDs, or CDs to take Backup.

Creating a New or Fresh Backup

After you create your first backup, Windows Backup will add new or changed information to your
subsequent backups. If you are saving your backups on a hard drive or network location, Windows
Backup will create a new, full backup for you automatically when needed.

If you are saving your backups on CDs or DVDs and can't find an existing backup disc, or if you
want to create a new backup of all of the files on your computer, you can create a full backup.

To create a full backup, on the left pane click create new, full backup. You will only see this option
if your backup is being saved on CDs or DVDs.

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Restore Files from a Backup

Using the Restore Files wizard you can restore backed-up versions of files that are lost, damaged, or
changed accidentally. You can also restore individual files, groups of files, or all of the files that you
have backed up.

1. Click to open Backup and Restore from the Control Panel.

2. Do one of the following,

o To restore your files, click Restore my files.

o To restore the files of all users, click Restore all users' files. If you are prompted for
an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide
confirmation.

3. Do one of the following,

o To browse the contents of the backup, click Browse for files or Browse for folders.
When you are browsing for folders, you will not be able to see the individual files in
a folder. To view individual files, use the Browse for files option.
o To search the contents of the backup, click Search, type all or part of a file name,
and then click Search.

4. Click Next.
5. Select a location to save your file. Click Restore.

Creating System Image

System Image is the backup of your entire system including the Windows OS and system settings
which you can use to restore your computer to working condition if your hard drive or computer
ever stops working.

To create a System Image,

1. Open Control Panel and select Backup and Restore.

2. Click Create System Image on the left pane.
3. Select a location, where you want to save the image and Click Next.
4. Select the drives which you want to include in backup and click Next.
5. Click Start backup.

You can also create a System Image while creating file or folder backups.

Additionally, you can also create a System Repair Disc, which can be used to bring back your
computer to working condition if a system crash happens. This will not backup any of your data
files.

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Restore Your Computer from a System Image
When you restore your computer from a system image, it is a complete restoration. You cannot
choose individual items to restore, and all of your programs, system settings, and files are replaced
with those on the system image.

To Restore Using the Recovery Control Panel (Recommended)

If your computer is still working and you can access Control Panel, or if you want to restore your
system image backup onto a different computer, follow these steps.

1. In the View by type, select Large icons or Small icons.

2. Click Recovery. The Recovery window will open.

3. Click Advanced recovery methods.

4. Click Use a system image you created earlier to recover your computer, and then follow the
steps in the wizard.

To Restore Using Pre-installed Recovery Options

If you cannot access Control Panel and you do not have a Windows installation disc or a system
repair disc, use this method to restore your computer.

1. Restart your computer using the computer's power button.

2. Do one of the following,

o If your computer has only one operating system installed, hold down the F8 key as
your computer restarts. You need to press F8 before the Windows Logo appears.

o If your computer has more than one operating system installed, use the arrow keys
to highlight the operating system that you want to start, and then press F8.

3. On the Advanced Boot Options screen, use the arrow keys to highlight Repair your
computer, and then press Enter.

4. Select a keyboard layout, and then click Next.

5. Select a user name, type the password, and then click OK.

6. On the System Recovery Options menu, click System Image Recovery, and then follow the
instructions.

To Restore Using a Windows Installation Disc or a System Repair Disc

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If you cannot access Control Panel, you can restore your computer using a Windows installation disc
or a system repair disc, if you have one.

• Insert the installation disc or system repair disc.

• Restart your computer using the computer's power button.

• If prompted, press any key to start the computer from the installation disc or system repair
disc.

If your computer is not configured to start from a CD or DVD, check the information that
came with your computer. You might need to change your computer's BIOS settings.

• Choose your language settings, and then click Next.

• Click Repair your computer.

This step only applies if you are using a Windows installation disc.

• Select a recovery option, and then click Next.

System Protection and Restore Points

System Protection is a feature that regularly creates and saves information about your computer's
system files and settings. System protection also saves previous versions of files that you have
modified.

It saves these files in Restore Points,

which are created just before
significant system events, such as
the installation of a new program or
device driver.

They are also created automatically

once every seven days if no other
Restore Points were created in the
previous seven days, but you can
create Restore Points manually at
any time.

Restore Points are only created for the drives, for which System Protection is turned on.

Turn System Protection On or Off

System protection is turned on by default on the disk that Windows is installed on. You can turn
System Restore on for other disks by turning on system protection for those disks.
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To turn system protection on or off,

System Protection can only be turned on for

NTFS formatted disks. You cannot turn on
system protection for a disk that is formatted
using the FAT or FAT32 file systems.

• Open Control Panel from the Start

menu. In the View by type, select
Large icon or Small icon.

• Click to open System.

• In the left pane, click System

protection. If you are prompted for an
administrator password or
confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation. System
Properties dialog will open.

• Under Protection Settings, click the

disk, and then click Configure.

• Choose one of the following:

o Restore system settings and previous versions of files

Select this to be able to restore system settings and previous versions of files.

o Only restore previous versions of files

Select this to be able to only restore previous versions of files.

o Turn off system protection

This will turn off System Protection for the selected drive.

• Click OK to close System Protection dialog.

• Click OK again to close System Properties dialog.

Turning off System Protection will delete all restore points created earlier for that drive.

Create a Restore Point

A Restore Point is a representation of a stored state of your computer's system files. You can use a
Restore Point to restore your computer's system files to an earlier point in time.

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Restore Points are automatically created
by System Protection weekly or when it
detects the beginning of a change to your
computer, such as when you install a
program or a driver. Restore Points will
only be created if System Protection is
turned on.

You can also create a Restore Point

manually at any time by following these
steps.

• Open Control Panel from the Start menu. In the View by type, select Large icon or Small
icon.

• Click to open System.

• In the left pane, click System protection. If you are prompted for an administrator password
or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

• Click the System Protection tab, and then click Create.

• In the System Protection dialog box, type a description, and then click Create.

This will create a Restore Point for the drives that have System Protection turned on. This can later
be used to restore the hard disk contents to a previous state, if required.

Restoring Your System

Using System Restore Wizard to Restore Your Computer

If System Protection is turned on, or if you have created Restore Points, you can restore your computer to a
previous state by the following process.

1. In the View by type, select Large icon or Small icon.

2. Click Recovery. The Recovery window will open.

3. Click Open System Restore.

4. System Restore Wizard will open.

5. Select a restore point from the list.

6. Click Next.

7. Click Finish to restore.

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Starting System Restore from Command Prompt

System Restore allows you to undo changes to your computer, such as software updates or driver
installations, which might cause your computer to run slowly or not work properly.

You can start System Restore from a command prompt window if you cannot start your computer
in any mode other than Safe Mode with Command Prompt.

You need to have an administrator account to perform these steps.

1. Start your computer in Safe Mode with Command Prompt, by pressing the F8 key while
starting your computer.
2. Log on to the computer.
3. Open Command Prompt.
4. At the Command Prompt, type rstrui.exe, and then press Enter.

If you use System Restore when the computer is in safe mode, you cannot undo the restore
operation. However, you can run System Restore again and choose a different restore point, if one
exists.

Summary
In this lesson we learnt,

How to maintain the computer, Checking and fixing disk drives, disk cleanup, and defragmentation

Task manager and its features, Task scheduler and its features, using safe mode, Command prompt
feature, How to Backup and Restore files, creating backups of your files and folders.

Creating a new or fresh backup, restore files from a backup, creating system image, restore your
computer from a system image

System protection and restore points create a restore point, restoring your system, starting system
restore from command prompt.

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