Mariano Marcos State University

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Biological Sciences

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Laboratory Report No. 2

PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS

Compiled by:

Group 4

Buduan, Jana Angelica

De Leon, Jamina Marikhar
Echiverri, Pia Ysavel
Felina, Anne Jayleen
Guerrero, Francine Let
Namocatcat, Jean Rose
Orillo, Shiella Mae
Pascua, Mariele

Submitted to:
 Mr. Exelsis Leano
I. INTRODUCTION

As early as 1800, it was evident that substances could be divided into

two broad classes: inorganic and organic compounds. The composition of
inorganic compounds was quite varied and included most of the elements.
Organic compounds always contain carbon and only a few other elements
such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Although the concepts of
structure were not strongly developed with respect to inorganic
compounds, it was clear that the structures of organic compounds had to
be immensely more complex. There are more compounds of carbon than
there are of all the other elements combined. The reason is that carbon
atoms are unique in forming stable bonds with each other. Inorganic solids
have generally higher melting points as compared to those of the organic
compounds. Aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds are good
conductors of electricity while those of the organic compounds are not.
This experiment will explore some similarities and/or differences of
inorganic and organic compounds.

The primary difference that lies between these organic compounds and
inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always have a carbon
atom, while most of the inorganic compounds do not contain a carbon
atom in them. Almost all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or a
simple C-H bond in them. The most common fact that differentiates
organic compounds from inorganic compounds is that organic compounds
mainly result from the activities of a living being. In contrast, inorganic
compounds are obtained from natural processes which are not related to
any of the life forms on earth or any result of human experiments which are
conducted in laboratories (Difference of Organic and Inorganic
Compounds, 2023).

Organic compounds are carbon-based chemicals that occur naturally.

They contain elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and
sulfur. All living things are made up of organic compounds. The properties
of the organic compounds make them great for industrial applications.
Many of them are used to produce adhesives and pesticides. They are
often used in food and medicines. They contain at least one carbon atom
bonded to hydrogen as their identification. Inorganic compounds do not
contain carbon. Instead, they are composed of atoms that belong to more
than one element, such as oxygen or nitrogen. In fact, many inorganic
compounds are composed of metals in various forms, such as iron or
aluminum oxide. As a result, most can be classified as salts (Organic vs.
 Inorganic Compounds, 2022).
II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the experiment, the learner will be able: Compare the
properties of inorganic with organic compounds; And explain the properties
of both groups in reference to their molecular structures.

III. METHODOLOGY

Materials
A laboratory experiment was performed to study the properties of
various chemicals. The following materials were used in the experiment: 3
test tubes, a heating set-up, a thermometer, a 259 mL beaker, a macro
test tube, a 10 mL pipet, a test tube holder, a delivery tube, an evaporating
dish, a wire gauze, a spatula, a weighing balance, a mortar and pestle,
ethanol, hexane, sodium chloride, benzoic acid, sucrose, cupric oxide, and
calcium chloride solution. These materials were carefully selected to
perform the experiment in a safe and effective manner and to obtain
accurate results.
 OPERATION AND MANIPULATION OF THE GAS
BURNER

Lighting the
Temperature
Gas Burner
of the Flame

Connect the rubber tubing of

the gas burner to the gas
outlet. Close the air holes and
Measure 20.00 mL of Take a piece of
open the valve. water in a graduated nichrome wire with a
cylinder. loop at the end which is
attached to a cork.

Light the burner by

holding a lighted match to the
side and a little below the top
of the barrel of the gas burner
as the gas regulator is slowly
being opened.
NOTE: Do not hold the
lighted match directly above
the tip of the gas burner
before returning on the gas
cock because these might
put off the lighted match.
Transfer 10.00 mL each into
separate dry test tubes and then Using a non-luminous flame,
close the air holes and light the insert the looped portion of the wire
gas burner to obtain a luminous
into the different parts of the flame
flame. taking note of the color produced in
the looped portion of the wire.
Adjust the size of the
flame by turning the gas
regulator. And heat the water
in one of the test tubes to
boiling and record the time
consumed.