3.50.) Calculate the mass in grams of each of the following: (a) 2.5 mol of aluminum13.

5 mol of
aluminum (a) vinyl chloride, C2H3C1, the starting material for a plastic, (b) capsaicin, C1,1127NO3, the
substance that makes red chili peppers "hot," and (c) stearic acid, C18H360, used in soaps.

3.51.) How many moles are present in the given quantities of explosives? (a) 358.1g trinitrotoluene
(TNT), C7H,N306, (b) 82.6 g nitromethane, CH3NO2, (c) 1.68 kg RDX, C3H6N606

3.52.) A test of an automobile engine's exhaust revealed that 3.7 g of NO2 was emitted in 10 minutes
of operation. How many moles of NO, would this engine release if it were used for a 45-minute
commute, assuming that this measured number is representative of the emission under all
circumstances?

3.53 Modern instruments can measure a mass as small as 5 nano-grams. If one observed 5.0 ng of CO2,
how Molecules, Moles, and C Propane, C3H8

3.55 How many N atoms are present in 214 g of TNT, C7F151\1306?

3.56 A sample of H2C204 2H20 of mass 3.35 g is heated to drive off the waters (separately in the
chemical formula). What mass of H2C204 remains once the by heating?

3.57 An average person inhales roughly 2.5 g of 02 in a minute. How many molecu] in (a) one minute, (b)
one hour, (c) one day by an average person?

3.58 A large family of boron-hydrogen compounds has the general formula B,H . Or contains 88.5% B; the
remainder is hydrogen. What is its empirical formula?

3.59 Mandelic acid is an organic acid composed of carbon (63.15%), hydrogei (31.55%). Its molar mass is
152.14 g/mol. Determine the empirical and molecu

3.60 Determine the simplest formulas of the following compounds: (a) the food enhance (MSG), which
has the composition 35.51% C, 4.77% H, 37.85% 0, 8.29% N, and a diamond-like mineral, which has the
composition 34.91% 0, 15.32% Si, and which has the composition 74.0% C, 8.65% H, and 17.4% N

3.61 Thecompositionofmaterialssuchasalloyscanbedescribedintermsofmolepercentage (at %), or weight

percentage (wt %). Carry out the following conversions among the and 40 wt % Al to at %, (b) 25 mol %
NiO and 75 mol % Mg0 to wt %, (c) 40 FeO to mol %

3.62 Copper can have improved wear resistance if alloyed with ceramic alumina, Al2( 8.5 wt % Al203,
what is its composition in mol %?

3.63 Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) 1.45 mol HCl in 250. mL of solution
(b)14.3 mol NaOH in 3.4 L of solution (c) 0.341 mol KC1 in 100.0 mL of solution (d)250 mol NaNO3 in 350
L of solution

3.64 What is the molarity of each ion present in aqueous solutions prepared by di: following compounds
in water to make 4.50 L of solution? (a) cobalt(III) ch sulfate, (c) sodium permanganate, (d) iron(11)
bromide

3.65 How many moles of solute are present in each of these solutions? (a) 48.0 mL of 3.4 M H2SO4
(b)1.43 mL of 5.8 M KNO3 (c) 3.21 L of 0.034 M NH3 (d)1.9 x 103 L of 1.4 x M NaF
3.66 How many grams of solute are present in each of these solutions? (a) 37.2 mL of 0.471 M HBr(c)
21.2 mL of 6.8 M CH3COOH (d) 1.3 X 10-4 L of 1.03 M H2S03

3.67 Determine the final molarity for the following dilutions: (a)24.5 mL of 3.0 M solution diluted to
100.0 mL (b) 15.3 mL of 4.22 M solution diluted to 1.00 L (c) 1.45 mL of 0.034 M solution diluted to 10.0
mL (d)2.35 L of 12.5 M solution diluted to 100.0 L

3.68 Determine the initial volume (in mL) needed to generate the desired solutions by dilution: (a) 10.0 L
of 0.45 M solution from 3.0 M solution (b)1.50 L of 1.00 M solution from 11.7 M solution (c) 100.0 mL of
0.025 M solution from 1.15 M solution (d)50.0 mL of 3.3 x 10-4'M solution from 0.25 M solution