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  • 1757

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    Richard Feynman
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    This document solves two problems involving computing the matrix exponential of two matrices, A and B. For matrix A, it uses the fact that (A - I)^4 = 0 to write the matrix exponential as a series involving (A - I) up to the third term. It then computes the terms of the series to arrive at the final expression for e^A. For matrix B, it expresses B as a block diagonal matrix with a 2x2 identity matrix and another matrix C. It then uses a similar series to compute e^C and combines this with the block structure to arrive at the final expression for e^B.

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    This document solves two problems involving computing the matrix exponential of two matrices, A and B. For matrix A, it uses the fact that (A - I)^4 = 0 to write the matrix exponential as a series involving (A - I) up to the third term. It then computes the terms of the series to arrive at the final expression for e^A. For matrix B, it expresses B as a block diagonal matrix with a 2x2 identity matrix and another matrix C. It then uses a similar series to compute e^C and combines this with the block structure to arrive at the final expression for e^B.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views1 page

    1757

    Uploaded by

    Richard Feynman
    This document solves two problems involving computing the matrix exponential of two matrices, A and B. For matrix A, it uses the fact that (A - I)^4 = 0 to write the matrix exponential as a series involving (A - I) up to the third term. It then computes the terms of the series to arrive at the final expression for e^A. For matrix B, it expresses B as a block diagonal matrix with a 2x2 identity matrix and another matrix C. It then uses a similar series to compute e^C and combines this with the block structure to arrive at the final expression for e^B.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Solution (#1757) Let

       
    1 2 −1 3 2 0 0 0
     0 1 1 −2   0 1 2 −1 
    A=
     0
     and B= .
    0 1 1   0 0 1 3 
    0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    Note that (A − I)4 = 0 and so by #1750 we have
    1 2 1 3
    eA−I = I + (A − I) + (A − I) + (A − I) .
    2! 3!
    Now
         
    0 2 −1 3 0 0 2 −5 0 0 0 2
     0 0 1 −2  2  0 0 0 1  3  0 0 0 0 
    A−I =
     0
    ; (A − I) =  ; (A − I) =  ,
    0 0 1   0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    so that  5

    1 2 0 6
    A−I
     0 1
     1 − 32 
    .
    e =
    0 0 1 1 
    0 0 0 1
    Finally we have eA = eI+(A−I) = eI eA−I = (eI) eA−I and so
     
    1 2 0 65
     0 1 1 − 32 
    eA = e 
     0 0
    .
    1 1 
    0 0 0 1
    We can write B = diag(2I1 , C) where C is a 3 × 3 matrix such that (C − I3 )3 = 0. So by #1750 again we have
    1
    eC−I = I + (C − I) + (C − I)2 .
    2!
    Now    
    0 2 −1 0 0 6
    2
    C − I =  0 0 3 ; (C − I) =  0 0 0 ,
    0 0 0 0 0 0
    so that  
    1 2 2
    eC−I =  0 1 3  .
    0 0 1
    C I C−I C−I
    Finally by #1744(ii) and as e = e e = ee we have
     2 
    e 0 0 0
     0 e 2e 2e 
    eB =  0 0 e 3e  .

    0 0 0 e

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