Management of Sporting Events

What is Sports Events Management?

Sport event managers deal with a wide range of problems associated with planning,
organizing, staffing, directing & controlling, and executing sporting events.
Managers of sporting events are in charge of organizing and carrying out every detail. They
work hard at every level to make sure that every event runs smoothly and that viewers are
interested, from neighborhood fundraisers and school sports to the top leagues and
international contests.
Functions of Management –

Planning – Planning is the process of creating a strategy to accomplish goals, address issues,
and enable action. Even some impossible tasks can be accomplished in the world of games
and sports with the aid of effective preparation.
Organizing – Organizing role includes making arrangements for hospitality management,
including lodging, food and drink, hostesses, etc. and contacting sponsors. Simply said,
organisation is carrying out the event within the parameters established by planning.
Staffing – The process of selecting qualified candidates for managing the particular event is
known as staffing. Staffing refers to the process of hiring new employees after assessing their
qualifications and assigning them specific job tasks in accordance.
Directing – Directing personnel is a leadership quality, and includes letting staff know what
needs to be done, and also by when. It includes supervision of personnel while
simultaneously motivating them.
Controlling – Control is a management function that aids in error detection and the
implementation of corrective measures. This is done to reduce departure from standards and
make that the organization’s stated goals are met in the desired way.
Formation of Committees

Numerous committees are formed to organize any sporting event to ensure a methodical and
organized process. The creation of committees must be based on the top, medium, and lower
levels of management. People are selected for the appropriate committees based on the
sport’s level or location.

Organization Committee

The organizing committee, sometimes known as the “OC,” is the group of individuals
designated to manage and carry out the competition and all events leading up to it. This group
may also include any additional authorized individuals.
Various Committees & their Responsibilities
There are 4 committees under an organization committee.

Technical Committee

This committee handles the technical aspects of the events, such as requests for the purchase
of sporting goods and the timely completion of matches by officials who have been chosen
for their different games and sports (referees, umpires, judges, timekeepers, etc.).
a. Pre-sports event/ tournament – Before the event, it is the responsibility of the Technical
Committee to present a request for equipment purchases, an invitation and confirmation from
officials to conduct a sporting event.
b. During sports event/ tournament – The Technical Committee is in charge of organizing
matches, hosting the jury, maintaining the fields’ cleanliness and layout, gathering score
sheets and other pertinent paperwork from officials.
c. Post sports event/ tournament – The Technical Committee makes arrangements for the
fields’ maintenance, cleaning, and layout once the event is done, as well as for the return of
all equipment to storage.
Finance Committee

The Finance Committee’s primary responsibility is to oversee the event’s finances. The
committee’s main areas of attention are finalizing sponsorship, monitoring money coming in
and going out, buying equipment and other necessities for running the event, and paying
officials.
a. Pre sports event/ tournament – The Finance Committee is in charge of establishing the
budget, buying sports equipment, stationery, medals, certificates, and other requirements as
requested by the other committees before the event.
b. During sports event/ tournament – The Finance Committee monitors the inflow and
outflow of funds, as well as the payment and compensation of officials, throughout the course
of the event.
c. Post sports event/ tournament – Once the event is over, the Finance Committee examines
all records related to settlement of the bills and accounts, and prepares the financial report.
Marketing Committee

The Marketing Committee creates plans and strategies to market the event with the aim of
attracting sponsorships and media attention. Publicity can be carried out using a variety of
platforms, including social media, print media, television, email, etc.
a. Pre sports event/ tournament – The Marketing Committee develops a plan for recruiting
sponsors, promoting the event, setting up meetings or making calls to potential sponsors,
creating memorandums of understanding for potential sponsors, etc.
b. During sports event/ tournament – The Marketing Committee makes arrangements for the
event to be televised, produces press releases, works with the media, administers
communication channels, and fulfils sponsor needs as per MoUs.
c. Post sports event/ tournament – Once the event is over, the Committee issues a press
release, and may arrange for a re-telecast of the event.
Logistics Committee

This committee’s duties are more varied and include everything from providing
transportation, boarding, and accommodation to providing refreshments, decorating the
venue, and overseeing the event’s ceremonies.
a. Pre sports event/ tournament –  The Logistics Committee is responsible for organizing the
placement, arrangement, and ordering of stationery, chairs, tables, souvenirs, light and sound
equipment, bouquets, invitations to stakeholders.
b. During sports event/ tournament – While the event is in progress, the Logistics
Committee is responsible for the conduct of the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, checking
registration, distribution of refreshment, management of spectators, handing over of medals
and certificates.
c. Post sports event/ tournament – After the event, the Logistics Committee supervises
cleaning of the venue, and placing of the items back in their appointed places.
Fixtures –
The programme detailing which team will play whom, where, and when is referred to as a
fixture. ‘Fixture is a process of arrangement the team in systematic order in various groups
for competitive fights for physical activity’.

Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding)

Knock-Out tournaments helps to manage the team, In knock-Out the losing team will be
automatically eliminated from the competition. This type of tournament winners team will
continue in the competition and losing team will be eliminated from the tournament. Teams
may be awarded a “bye” or be seeded if the number of competitors or competing teams is not
a multiple of 2 (i.e., 4, 8, 16, etc.).

Bye – A bye in sports refers to the preferred standing of a player or team who advances
without having to face an opponent in the first round of a tournament. Teams are typically
given a bye by the organizing committee if they are unable to play a round for one of the
following reasons –
1. Uneven distribution of teams in tournament
2. Separate pooling of previous winners in same group to create even
competition.
3. To avoid one team from playing more matches on a single day than the other
Seeding – The process of seeding involves placing strong teams in games so that they do not
play against each other at the tournament’s opening.

League Tournament or Round Robin Fixture

In League or Round Robin Tournament each team has to play once with all the remaining
teams of the tournament. The league tournament is known as round robin tournament.
Regardless matter whether they win or lose, each team competes in its own zone. One team
wins the inter-zonal or group tournament after all the zonal winning teams rematch in league
play.
Determine the number of matches by applying following formula: \\
Number of teams = n \\
Total number of matches = \dfrac{n(n-1)}{2} \\
If teams are 6 then \dfrac{6(6-1)}{2} = \dfrac{36-6}{2} = \dfrac{30}{2} = 15 \\
This means, 15 numbers of matches will be played in league tournament. If teams are 7 then \\
21 numbers of matches will be played in league tournament
Here, we will study two types of methods to fix the team in league tournament namely Cyclic
Method and Stair Case Method:

Cyclic Method

In the circular method, one team will be fixed in place while the other is rotated to finish the
cycle. If teams are even-numbered, the first scenario may occur; if teams are odd-numbered,
the second scenario may occur. Let’s examine the proper fixture placement in these two
scenarios.
Even number of teams in tournament does not require giving of any bye to any team and to
find out number of rounds, formula will be number of teams – 1.
Total number of teams= 6 Total number of rounds = 6–1 = 5
In order to draw fixture for odd number of teams one bye will be given to one team in one
round and in next round another team will get a bye. Rounds in the tournament will remain
the same.
Total number of teams = 7 Total number of rounds = 7
Staircase Method
In the staircase method, one team will be put on the top step and will compete against all the
other teams in the tournament. The next team down will be fixed to compete against the other
remaining teams, and so on.

Here, we’ll look at the Cyclic Method and the Stair Case Method, two different ways to fix a
team for a league tournament:
Cyclic Method – In the circular method, one team will be fixed in place while the other is
rotated to finish the cycle. If teams are even-numbered, the first scenario may occur; if teams
are odd-numbered, the second scenario may occur. Let’s examine the proper fixture
placement in these two scenarios.
Staircase Method – In the staircase method, one team will be put on the top step and will
compete against all the other teams in the tournament. The next team down will be fixed to
compete against the other remaining teams, and so on.

1. How many verticals are there in the Khelo India Programme?

a. Ten
b. Eleven
c. Twelve 
d. Thirteen
Answer ⟵
c. Twelve
2. The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India launched the
Khelo India Programme in
a. 2013-2014
b. 2014-2015
c. 2016-2017
d. 2017-2018 
Answer ⟵
d. 2017-2018
3. The maximum duration of ‘Long Term Athlete Development
Programme’ is
a. 4 Years
b. 6 Years
c. 8 Years
d. 12 Years 
Answer ⟵
d. 12 Years
4. The scheme of ‘Sports for Peace & Development’ is exclusively for the
state/UT
a. Jammu & Kashmir 
b. Delhi and NCR
c. Uttar Pradesh
d. Punjab
Answer ⟵
a. Jammu & Kashmir
5. After competing D.P.Ed. you can teach Classes
a. I to VIII 
b. I to V
c. VI to VIII
d. I to X
Answer ⟵
a. I to VIII
6. Which course of Physical Education is not recognised by NCTE?
a. D.P.Ed.
b. B.P.Ed.
c. M.P.Ed.
d. B.P.E.S 
Answer ⟵
d. B.P.E.S
7. Which one is NOT a research-oriented course in Physical Education?
a. M.P.Ed.
b. M.Phil. 
c. Ph.D. in Physical Education
d. P.D.F. in Physical Education
Answer ⟵
b. M.Phil.
8. Amongst the following, which one is the key process in Physical
Education?
a. Evaluating performance
b. Checking competency
c. Making efforts
d. Developing skills 
Answer ⟵
d. Developing skills
9. Amongst the following which one is NOT the aim of social
development in Physical Education?
a. Obeying of rules and regulations
b. Showing sportsmanship
c. Cooperation with peers
d. Playing for self 
Answer ⟵
d. Playing for self
10. What is the Khelo India Programme?
Answer – A national initiative/scheme for the growth of sports in India is
called Khelo India Programme. In Delhi, it was introduced in 2018 by Col.
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, who was the country’s sports minister at the
time. To enhance India’s sports culture, this programme has been introduced.
11. What is the philosophy of the Khelo India Programme?
Answer – The Khelo India programme was launched with the goal of reviving
India’s grassroots sports culture, creating a solid foundation for all national
sports, and boosting India to the status of a major athletic power.
12. What is the vision and mission of Khelo India Programme?
Answer –
a. Mission – The Khelo India Program’s main objective is to give every Indian
citizen a chance to participate in sports and use their athletic abilities,
regardless of their age or gender disparities. This will ultimately promote the
holistic development of every child and young person. Community growth,
social integration, and gender equality will result from this. It will promote a
healthy lifestyle, honor the nation, and open up business prospects.
b. Vision – The Khelo India Program was established with the goal of
advancing sports culture in India, particularly at the grassroots level, and
achieving sporting excellence in the nation.
13. What is the plan of the government under the vertical of ‘Promotion
of Sports Among Persons with Disabilities’?
Answer – States/UTs and SAI (Sports Authority of India) will receive financial
support for building specialized sports infrastructure for people with special
needs. The money allocated under this heading will also be used to classify
athletes, purchase necessary gear, organize training sessions, and get teams
ready for Paralympic events.
14. What is the need of sports competition in school? Discuss in detail.
Answer – To boost self-esteem, mental capacity, and confidence in students,
school sports are required. Schools should emphasize sports because they
help children learn a variety of qualities, including teamwork, leadership, and
patience.
a. Students who compete in sporting events have possibilities at the school
level that are good for their overall development.
b. Sports competitions provide opportunities to the students to amplify their
skills in different sports.
c. Participation in sports competitions is enjoyable. At the same time, it
develops coordination with others, leadership skills and obedience of rules,
values which ultimately pave the way for the individual becoming a productive
citizen of the country.
d. To release tension, overcome depression and aggression, participation in
sports competitions is essential. It also provides a chance to students where
they can have a feeling of achievement which is conducive for their mental
and emotional health.
e. Organization of sports competitions at school gives opportunities to the
students to get an exposure to competitions.
15. Will the increase in professional sports leagues bring any
transformation in Indian sporting culture? Justify your answer.
Answer – An ideal country is one that values liberty, equality, and fraternity.
These three ideas help to create a powerful, cooperative, compassionate, and
united country.
16. Do you think ‘Sports for Peace and Development’ will work for
restoration of peace in Jammu and Kashmir? Support your answer with
evidence.
Answer – The Government of India offers a specific package under this
vertical to J&K for improving sports facilities in the State.
Soft support in the form of coaches, tools, supplies, consumables, technical
support, competitions, etc. will be offered to guarantee the best possible
exploitation of the infrastructure. To encourage youth participation, efforts will
be made to organize village-level events in the athletic disciplines that are
popular in the State of J&K. Similar measures will also be done in other
regions that are troubled by extremism and terrorism.
17. What is the full form of NCTE?
Answer – NCTE Stands for National Council for Teacher Education.
18. Apart from a professional degree in Physical Education, what other
key skills are required for opting for a career other than teaching?
Answer – Apart from teaching some of the other career option are –
a. Sport Coordinator
b. Professional Coach
c. Sports Administrator
d. Provider of Recreational Services
e. Event Manager of a Sports Club
f. Health and Fitness Club Manager
g. Sports Coating & Equipment Designer
19. What are the minimum eligibility criteria for getting admission in
B.P.Ed. course?
Answer – Students who have passed their 10+2 exams with at least a 50%
grade point average are eligible for B P Ed.
20. If one is not a sportsperson, is he/she eligible for getting admission
in M.P.Ed.? Why/ Why not?
Answer – A bachelor’s degree in physical education or a related branch of
education is required of applicants. A combined score of 50% is required to be
taken into consideration for admission. Both a written exam and a round of
physical testing are required of candidates.
21. How many different kinds of courses and career options in Physical
Education are available in India?
Answer – There are variety of courses and career options are available in
India
a. Diploma in Physical Education (D.P.Ed.)
b. Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P.Ed)
c. Master of Physical Education (M.P.Ed.)
d. Post Graduate Diploma in Adventure Sports Administration
e. Post Graduate Diploma in Disability Sports
f. Post Graduate Diploma in Fitness Management
g. Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Coaching
h. Bachelor of Arts (Programme) Sports & Performance
i. Bachelor of Physical Education & Sports
j. Bachelor of Physical Education (Four Year Course after 12th)
k. Bachelor of Science Exercise Physiology
l. Bachelor of Science in Physical Education
22. After completion of any professional course in Physical Education,
how many career options will you have?
Answer – There are more than 17 career options available after a physical
education professional course.
23. Can a Physical Education graduate justify the job of sports
administrator? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer – Courses in physical education also cover administration and
supervision. This makes it possible for the person to operate as a sports
administrator if he/she has completed Physical Education Graduate
24. What is the aim of Physical Education?
Answer – The aim of Physical Education must be to make every child
physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such
personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and
build him up as a good citizen.
25. Suggest one activity which helps to develop interest in Physical
Education.
Answer – You may organize a sack race, obstacle course, or fun run for the
students. For older kids who enjoy sports but are apprehensive about joining a
varsity team, recreational sports teams might be formed.
26. How does participation in sports lead to better emotional
development?
Answer – It has been demonstrated that physical activity activates feel-good
brain chemicals. Thus, consistent participation in sport enhances kids’
emotional health in general. According to research, youngsters who
participate in sports tend to have higher self-esteem.
27. What are the objectives of Physical Education?
Answer – The objective of Physical Education are –
a. Developed Healthy and Active Lifestyle
b. Develop interest in the discipline
c. Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health
d. Development of Organ System
e. Emotional Development
28. How does Physical Education contribute to an individual’s
development?
Answer – Physical Education helps to understand the need of Sport and
Fitness in life which helps to become more physically fit, energetic, and
mentally sharp, and it lowers their risk of developing health issues. They can
live in a healthy, competitive atmosphere. It cultivates in them a sense of
cooperation, self-control,

Chapter 2 Question Answers

1. An activity that is NOT an example of gross motor skills is
a. drawing 
b. standing
c. throwing a ball
d. jumping

Hide Answer ⟵
a. drawing

2. An activity that is NOT an example of fine motor skills is

a. using cutlery
b. riding a bike 
c. building a toy tower

Hide Answer ⟵

b. riding a bike

3. Minimum duration of activity should be _ per week at vigorous intensity in adults

above 65 years of age.
a. 75 minutes 
b. 150 minutes
c. 300 minutes
d. 450 minutes

Hide Answer ⟵

a. 75 minutes

4. Rate at which the activity is being performed is known as _

a. Volume
b. Intensity 
c. Type of Activity
d. Frequency

Hide Answer ⟵

b. Intensity

5. Deformity of the legs is known as

a. Scoliosis
b. Lordosis
c. Knock knees 
d. Kyphosis

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Knock knees

6. Lordosis is a problem of the

a. Lower Back 
b. Middle Back
c. Upper Back
d. Shoulders

Hide Answer ⟵

a. Lower Back
7. Scoliosis is a postural deformity related to
a. Muscles
b. Shoulders
c. Legs
d. Spine 

Hide Answer ⟵

d. Spine

8. Kyphosis is a deformity found in

a. Shoulders
b. Lumber region
c. Hips
d. Thoracic region 

Hide Answer ⟵

d. Thoracic region

9. Karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal in Olympic Games at

a. Rio De Janeiro
b. London
c. Sydney 
d. Athens

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Sydney

10. Sakshi Malik won a medal in

a. Badminton
b. Weightlifting
c. Wrestling 
d. Boxing

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Wrestling

11. Frequent menstruation is known as:

a. Metrorrhagia
b. Oligomenorrhea
c. Polymenorrhea 
d. Menorrhagia

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Polymenorrhea

12. If the menstruation cycle does not begin at puberty, the condition is called
a. Primary amenorrhea 
b. Secondary amenorrhea
c. Oligomenorrhea
d. Dysmenorrhea

Hide Answer ⟵

a. Primary amenorrhea

13. Weakening of bones due to loss of bone density and improper bone formation is
a. Amenorrhea
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Osteoporosis 
d. Lordosis

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Osteoporosis

14. What is the cause of Osteoporosis in women?

a. High blood pressure
b. Menarche
c. Excessive exercise
d. Lack of calcium and vitamin D 

Hide Answer ⟵

d. Lack of calcium and vitamin D

15. Female athlete triad is a syndrome characterized by

a. Osteoporosis
b. Amenorrhea
c. Eating disorder 
d. All of the above

Hide Answer ⟵

c. Eating disorder

16. In which type of Anorexia does an individual lose weight by taking laxatives or
diuretics
a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Purging type 
c. Restricting type
d. Anorexia Nervosa

Hide Answer ⟵

b. Purging type

17. Define Motor Development.

Answer – The physical development and strengthening of a child’s bones, muscles, and
capacity to move about and feel his or her environment is known as motor development.
There are two types of motor development in children: fine motor and gross motor.

18. Briefly describe the domains of motor development.

Answer – The improvement in a child’s capacity to utilise their bodies and physical skills is
referred to as motor development, which is a component of physical development. Gross
motor development and fine motor development are two categories of motor development.
youngsters should be active in order to develop both little and large muscles and to burn off
the calories they consume.

19. Describe any one factor that affects motor development.

Answer – The factor that affects motor development are –
a. Heredity – Genetic factors have a significant role in how the body’s muscles develop.
From their parents, children inherit developmental genetic features. Height, weight, muscular
mass, etc. are all included.
b. Environment – Provide secure and encouraging environment to the child.

20. List down the major factors affecting motor development.

Answer – The major factors affecting motor development are –
a. Heredity.
b. Nutrition.
c. Sleep.
d. Environment.
e. Opportunities.

21. Explain factors affecting motor development.

Answer – Motor development is influenced by a child’s growth, environment, genetics,
muscle tone, and sex.

22. Write down Physical activities exercise guideline for under 5 of age.
Answer – The physical activities under 5 years are –
a. Hop
b. Jump forward
c. Walking
d. Dancing

23. Briefly tell about physical activities exercises guideline for above 65 of age.
Answer – Every week, senior citizen should engage in at least 2.5 hours of moderate aerobic
activity (such brisk walking). On the majority of days of the week, that comes out to around
30 minutes. Alternatively, you should engage in 1 hour and 15 minutes of intense exercise
per week (like jogging).

24. Describe Physical activities exercise guideline for all groups.

Answer – 75 minutes of intense activity or 150 minutes of moderate activity per week are the
minimum requirements. Every day, or every other day, should include some form of exercise.
Reduce the amount of time you spend lying down or sitting still, and mix up long periods of
inactivity with occasional movement.
25. What is meant by Round Shoulders? Mention a few exercises to correct it.
Answer – Postural malformation known as “round shoulders” causes the shoulders to round
out and occasionally appear to be bent forward. For the treatment of round shoulders, the
following exercises should be done: Keep your finger tips on your shoulders while clockwise
and counterclockwise encircling your elbows.

26. What is the Lordosis? Write in brief.

Answer – The lower back’s (lumbar) natural curve is known as lordosis. When the lower
spine has a severe bend, the abdomen (the stomach area) sticks out and the pelvis (the hip
areas) curves back and upward.

27. Write in brief the causes and symptoms of Knock Knees.

Answer – People of all ages may experience knock knee, also known as “knock-knee
deformity,” which is an improper alignment around the knee. The uneven stress it applies to
the knees over time can result in discomfort, joint degeneration, and early-onset knee
arthritis.

28. Explain corrective measures for Flatfoot.

Answer – Strengthening the foot muscles, which support the arch, can help correct flat feet.
It is recommended to Walk on sand or Walking on wooden staircase.

29. Explain any five postural deformities with their corrective measures.
Answer – Postural irregularities include knock knees, bow legs, flat feet, scoliosis, lordosis,
and kyphosis. The common postural deviations are listed below. Meaning of knock knees:
Genu Velgum, often known as knock knees, is a postural malformation in which the knees
strike one another while sprinting or walking.

30. Describe corrective measures of some common spinal postural deformities.

Answer – With the use of various physical exercises and programmes, these malformations
can be fixed. As an illustration, the person must first become conscious while sitting,
standing, or moving around in order to rectify kyphosis. Second, he needs to engage in
regular exercise to rotate and extend his shoulders back.

31. Write a short note on benefits of participation in sports.

Answer – The amount of cholesterol and fat in the body is decreased by exercise. This occurs
as a result of the blood vessel walls’ increased flexibility. Because of the physical effort
involved in sports, flexibility improves. Additionally, sports also helps to reduce blood sugar
levels.

32. How has women’s participation in sports changed over the last two decades?
Answer – “Since 1972, there has been a 545% increase in the percentage of women playing
college athletics and a 990% increase in the percentage of women playing high school sport,
attributable to greater funding and institutional opportunities.”

33. Explain the various constraints faced by women in sports.

Answer – Girls and women around the world encounter special difficulties while trying to
participate in sports. These difficulties are social, political, economic, personal, and practical.
In Pakistan, a barrier is the absence of a secluded area where women can compete without
being observed by men.

34. What is menstrual dysfunction? Write in brief.

Answer – Problems that interfere with a woman’s regular menstrual cycle are known as
menstrual disorders. They include uncomfortable cramping throughout the period, unusually
heavy bleeding, or no bleeding at all.

35. Explain the term Menarche.

Answer – The first menstrual period a female adolescent experiences is known as menarche.
Menarche usually begins between the ages of 10 and 16, with a 12.4 year average age of start.

36. Write short note on Amenorrhea.

Answer – Amenorrhea, which is sometimes described as missing one or more menstrual
periods, is the absence of menstruation. When a person is considered primary amenorrheic,
they have not had their period by the age of 15.

37. Explain menstrual dysfunction.

Answer – Disorders of the menstrual cycle affect a woman’s regular menstrual cycle. They
consist of uncomfortable menstrual cramps, unusually heavy bleeding, or no flow at all.
Between the ages of adolescence and menopause, women start menstruating.

38. Explain eating disorder.

Answer – Eating disorders are significant conditions caused by persistent eating patterns that
have an adverse effect on your health, your emotions, and your capacity to carry out essential
life functions. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder are the three
most prevalent eating disorders.

39. Write a short note on Bone Mineral density.

Answer – How much calcium and other minerals are present in a particular section of your
bone is determined by a bone mineral density test. This test aids in the diagnosis of
osteoporosis and forecasts your risk of bone fractures for your doctor.

40. What is Female Athlete Triad? Explain.

Answer – Female athletes are more likely to have the triad, particularly those who compete
in activities that reward thinness, such as dancing, gymnastics, cheerleading, figure skating,
distance running, and rowing.
Chapter 2 Question Answers
1. An activity that is NOT an example of gross motor skills is
a. drawing 
b. standing
c. throwing a ball
d. jumping

Answer ⟵

a. drawing

2. An activity that is NOT an example of fine motor skills is

a. using cutlery
b. riding a bike 
c. building a toy tower

Answer ⟵

b. riding a bike

3. Minimum duration of activity should be _ per week at vigorous intensity in adults

above 65 years of age.
a. 75 minutes 
b. 150 minutes
c. 300 minutes
d. 450 minutes

Answer ⟵

a. 75 minutes

4. Rate at which the activity is being performed is known as _

a. Volume
b. Intensity 
c. Type of Activity
d. Frequency

Answer ⟵

b. Intensity

5. Deformity of the legs is known as

a. Scoliosis
b. Lordosis
c. Knock knees 
d. Kyphosis
Answer ⟵

c. Knock knees

6. Lordosis is a problem of the

a. Lower Back 
b. Middle Back
c. Upper Back
d. Shoulders

Answer ⟵

a. Lower Back

7. Scoliosis is a postural deformity related to

a. Muscles
b. Shoulders
c. Legs
d. Spine 

Answer ⟵

d. Spine

8. Kyphosis is a deformity found in

a. Shoulders
b. Lumber region
c. Hips
d. Thoracic region 

Answer ⟵

d. Thoracic region

9. Karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal in Olympic Games at

a. Rio De Janeiro
b. London
c. Sydney 
d. Athens

Answer ⟵

c. Sydney

10. Sakshi Malik won a medal in

a. Badminton
b. Weightlifting
c. Wrestling 
d. Boxing

Answer ⟵

c. Wrestling
11. Frequent menstruation is known as:
a. Metrorrhagia
b. Oligomenorrhea
c. Polymenorrhea 
d. Menorrhagia

Answer ⟵

c. Polymenorrhea

12. If the menstruation cycle does not begin at puberty, the condition is called
a. Primary amenorrhea 
b. Secondary amenorrhea
c. Oligomenorrhea
d. Dysmenorrhea

Answer ⟵

a. Primary amenorrhea

13. Weakening of bones due to loss of bone density and improper bone formation is
a. Amenorrhea
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Osteoporosis 
d. Lordosis

Answer ⟵

c. Osteoporosis

14. What is the cause of Osteoporosis in women?

a. High blood pressure
b. Menarche
c. Excessive exercise
d. Lack of calcium and vitamin D 

Answer ⟵

d. Lack of calcium and vitamin D

15. Female athlete triad is a syndrome characterized by

a. Osteoporosis
b. Amenorrhea
c. Eating disorder 
d. All of the above

Answer ⟵

c. Eating disorder

16. In which type of Anorexia does an individual lose weight by taking laxatives or
diuretics
a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Purging type 
c. Restricting type
d. Anorexia Nervosa

Answer ⟵

b. Purging type

17. Define Motor Development.

Answer – The physical development and strengthening of a child’s bones, muscles, and
capacity to move about and feel his or her environment is known as motor development.
There are two types of motor development in children: fine motor and gross motor.

18. Briefly describe the domains of motor development.

Answer – The improvement in a child’s capacity to utilise their bodies and physical skills is
referred to as motor development, which is a component of physical development. Gross
motor development and fine motor development are two categories of motor development.
youngsters should be active in order to develop both little and large muscles and to burn off
the calories they consume.

19. Describe any one factor that affects motor development.

Answer – The factor that affects motor development are –
a. Heredity – Genetic factors have a significant role in how the body’s muscles develop.
From their parents, children inherit developmental genetic features. Height, weight, muscular
mass, etc. are all included.
b. Environment – Provide secure and encouraging environment to the child.

20. List down the major factors affecting motor development.

Answer – The major factors affecting motor development are –
a. Heredity.
b. Nutrition.
c. Sleep.
d. Environment.
e. Opportunities.

21. Explain factors affecting motor development.

Answer – Motor development is influenced by a child’s growth, environment, genetics,
muscle tone, and sex.

22. Write down Physical activities exercise guideline for under 5 of age.
Answer – The physical activities under 5 years are –
a. Hop
b. Jump forward
c. Walking
d. Dancing

23. Briefly tell about physical activities exercises guideline for above 65 of age.
Answer – Every week, senior citizen should engage in at least 2.5 hours of moderate aerobic
activity (such brisk walking). On the majority of days of the week, that comes out to around
30 minutes. Alternatively, you should engage in 1 hour and 15 minutes of intense exercise
per week (like jogging).

24. Describe Physical activities exercise guideline for all groups.

Answer – 75 minutes of intense activity or 150 minutes of moderate activity per week are the
minimum requirements. Every day, or every other day, should include some form of exercise.
Reduce the amount of time you spend lying down or sitting still, and mix up long periods of
inactivity with occasional movement.

25. What is meant by Round Shoulders? Mention a few exercises to correct it.
Answer – Postural malformation known as “round shoulders” causes the shoulders to round
out and occasionally appear to be bent forward. For the treatment of round shoulders, the
following exercises should be done: Keep your finger tips on your shoulders while clockwise
and counterclockwise encircling your elbows.

26. What is the Lordosis? Write in brief.

Answer – The lower back’s (lumbar) natural curve is known as lordosis. When the lower
spine has a severe bend, the abdomen (the stomach area) sticks out and the pelvis (the hip
areas) curves back and upward.

27. Write in brief the causes and symptoms of Knock Knees.

Answer – People of all ages may experience knock knee, also known as “knock-knee
deformity,” which is an improper alignment around the knee. The uneven stress it applies to
the knees over time can result in discomfort, joint degeneration, and early-onset knee
arthritis.

28. Explain corrective measures for Flatfoot.

Answer – Strengthening the foot muscles, which support the arch, can help correct flat feet.
It is recommended to Walk on sand or Walking on wooden staircase.

29. Explain any five postural deformities with their corrective measures.
Answer – Postural irregularities include knock knees, bow legs, flat feet, scoliosis, lordosis,
and kyphosis. The common postural deviations are listed below. Meaning of knock knees:
Genu Velgum, often known as knock knees, is a postural malformation in which the knees
strike one another while sprinting or walking.

30. Describe corrective measures of some common spinal postural deformities.

Answer – With the use of various physical exercises and programmes, these malformations
can be fixed. As an illustration, the person must first become conscious while sitting,
standing, or moving around in order to rectify kyphosis. Second, he needs to engage in
regular exercise to rotate and extend his shoulders back.

31. Write a short note on benefits of participation in sports.

Answer – The amount of cholesterol and fat in the body is decreased by exercise. This occurs
as a result of the blood vessel walls’ increased flexibility. Because of the physical effort
involved in sports, flexibility improves. Additionally, sports also helps to reduce blood sugar
levels.
32. How has women’s participation in sports changed over the last two decades?
Answer – “Since 1972, there has been a 545% increase in the percentage of women playing
college athletics and a 990% increase in the percentage of women playing high school sport,
attributable to greater funding and institutional opportunities.”

33. Explain the various constraints faced by women in sports.

Answer – Girls and women around the world encounter special difficulties while trying to
participate in sports. These difficulties are social, political, economic, personal, and practical.
In Pakistan, a barrier is the absence of a secluded area where women can compete without
being observed by men.

34. What is menstrual dysfunction? Write in brief.

Answer – Problems that interfere with a woman’s regular menstrual cycle are known as
menstrual disorders. They include uncomfortable cramping throughout the period, unusually
heavy bleeding, or no bleeding at all.

35. Explain the term Menarche.

Answer – The first menstrual period a female adolescent experiences is known as menarche.
Menarche usually begins between the ages of 10 and 16, with a 12.4 year average age of start.

36. Write short note on Amenorrhea.

Answer – Amenorrhea, which is sometimes described as missing one or more menstrual
periods, is the absence of menstruation. When a person is considered primary amenorrheic,
they have not had their period by the age of 15.

37. Explain menstrual dysfunction.

Answer – Disorders of the menstrual cycle affect a woman’s regular menstrual cycle. They
consist of uncomfortable menstrual cramps, unusually heavy bleeding, or no flow at all.
Between the ages of adolescence and menopause, women start menstruating.

38. Explain eating disorder.

Answer – Eating disorders are significant conditions caused by persistent eating patterns that
have an adverse effect on your health, your emotions, and your capacity to carry out essential
life functions. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder are the three
most prevalent eating disorders.

39. Write a short note on Bone Mineral density.

Answer – How much calcium and other minerals are present in a particular section of your
bone is determined by a bone mineral density test. This test aids in the diagnosis of
osteoporosis and forecasts your risk of bone fractures for your doctor.

40. What is Female Athlete Triad? Explain.

Answer – Female athletes are more likely to have the triad, particularly those who compete
in activities that reward thinness, such as dancing, gymnastics, cheerleading, figure skating,
distance running, and rowing.