USAGE OF CELLPHONES

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

N MAHADEVA REDDY

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree in

B.COM GENERAL

A.G.K.M DEGREE COLLEGE, SATTENAPALLI

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

 CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “USAGE OF mobiles” is the

bonafide work of N MAHADEVA REDDY who carried out the
project work under mysupervision.

Guide : Head of the Department

Principal :
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE

1. OBJECTIVE
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
METHODOLOGY

2. ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZED DATA

3. COMMUNITY AWARENESS PROGRAMME
4. SOLUTIONS AND COPING MECHANISMS
Observations and problems identified during
5.
survey and community awareness program
Short term and long-term Action Plan with
6.
possible solutions:
7. RECOMMENDATIONS
8. CONCLUSIONS
9. REFERENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

project guide as well as our principal
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic “USAGE OF mobiles” which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so
many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited
time frame.

NAME OF THE STUDENT: N MAHADEVA REDDY

Place : P KOTHA PALLI

DEGREE ADMISSION NO: 102694

1. INTRODUCTION:
Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) has been considered key
factors in socio-economic development and vital, even in most developing countries
Access to relevant information and knowledge improves efficiency and productivity;
increases access to market opportunities; and improved government performance.
Mobile phones, a notable advancement over the telecommunication technology of the
past, are becoming a context of modern life. Mobile phone (also known as cell phones
or wireless phones) services introduced in 1995 along with pager services, in short span
of time have emerged as one of the most important media of information
communication and are now used as an initial step in the budding global economy.
Mobiles are more improvement over radio/TV as it provides two way communication
and can be used for text as well as voice modes. Mobile phones have become a basic
need compared to fashion accessories and other facilities. From the supply point of
view as well, establishing mobile masts is comparatively less expensive to serve
masses especially in remote rural areas as compared to land line telephones and
enhances social services delivery. India's telecommunication network is the second
largest in the world based on the total number of telephone users (both fixed and
mobile phone). It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world and has the world's
third-largest Internet user-base.
Unprecedented coverage of mobiles services, enhanced networking, facility of
reciprocal communication, convenience and cost reduction proven very useful
enhancing communication and information in many sectors. Mobile communication
that enables the individuals to talk anytime from anyplace, is currently witnessing a
completely new social phenomenon. With revolutionary changes in transportation and
job opportunities, myriad people staying away from urban centres, operate from
various administration, business, and education centres.
Overuse of mobile phones can affect social and psychological wellbeing and health.
Some people are replacing face-to-face conversations with cybernetic ones. Gibson
(2011) notes that some patients pretend to talk on the phone or fiddle with apps to
avoid eye contact or other interactions at a party." In a survey made by Berlardi (2012),
it is observed that more than 25% of respondents reported that they 'almost always' use
their smartphone while in a social setting such as during a meal or during a party. In
addition, 58% said they use it 'usually' or 'occasionally' during these settings."
Furthermore, Perlow (2012) found that 70% check their phones in the morning within
just one hour of getting up; 56% check their phones before going to bed; 48% check
their phones over the weekend; 51% constantly check their phones during vacation and
 44% reported they would feel very anxious and irritable if they did not interact with
their phones within a week Other implications of cell phone use in mental health
symptoms were observed by Thomée et al. (2011) who found a relationship between
report of mental health and perceived stress of participants' accessibility, which is
defined as the possibility to be disturbed at any moment of day or night There is some
evidence supporting the claim that excessive mobile phone use can cause or worsen
health problems. Studies show that users often associate using a mobile phone with
headaches, impaired memory and concentration, fatigue, dizziness, and disturbed sleep
(Al-Khlaiwi and Meo, 2004).) The authors have also found that using a cell phone
before bed can cause insomnia and diminished quantity and quality of sleep due to an
inhibited secretion of melatonin.

1.1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The scope of this study includes the following:
● The study was delimited to the area selected in Andhra Pradesh.
● Families having at least one mobile user were included in the study.
● Every family was taken as a case and any one member of the family was selected
to respond.
● The respondents below 14 years and above 60 years were not included in the
study.

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT STUDY:

Main objectives of the study were as follows:
● To investigate mobile phone use among the areas selected.
● To study age and gender wise use the pattern of mobile phones.
● To find out various mobile phone usages.
● To study the positive impact of mobile phone use on family and social relations.
● To study the negative impact of mobile phone use on family and social relations.
● To study perceived potential of mobile phone use in sustainable development.

1.3. METHODOLOGY:

Ours is a complex country in which each state has its own cultural, social and
economic variations. Hence the study has to be limited to a particular area with
sufficient number of users available across all its regions. Therefore, a specific area has
been selected and such area is primarily agricultural and comprises many villages and
people of these villages use mobile phones with their families.
 The primary data for sampling was collected through a structured interview
schedule. Families were contacted through the ‘Snowball’ procedure. Interview
schedule was used to elicit information about mobile phone availability in the family,
youngest and eldest users as well as willingness to participate in the study (if selected).
This information was utilized within family sampling and selected respondents from
each family. For the purpose of collecting data, information, problems and analysis the
previous research studies were reviewed and secondary data was collected
Questionnaire survey was adopted to gather information regarding the problem of the
study.

2. ANALYSIS AND ANALYSED DATA:

Collected data will be treated with different statistical tools to study and identify
different aspects relating to this research work. With the use of different statistical
tools, different aspects relating to the collected data will be generated. Thus, the study
proposes to utilize statistical and mathematical tools like percentage, average and other
tools of analysis.
Data from the sample of subjects was subject to statistical analysis to examine the
(incidence of) usage of mobile phones among youth of professional colleges. The
extent of influence of various variables like demographic, parental education and
parental occupation are well analyzed.
The data was collected from the selected area. Total of 35 questionnaires were filled by
the respondents. This information of 35 questionnaires was collected and is compiled,
analysed and interpreted in this chapter.

Variables Frequency (%) Pie chart

Gender

Male 52%

Female Male
48% 52%

Female 48%

Age
Below 18 yrs. 19 30. 31 40. 41 60. above 60
Below 18 years

19-30

31-40
 41-60

above 60

Education
illiterate primary
illiterate Graduati
5%
6%
on
primary and
above
29%
Secondary secondary
y
senior
29%
secondary
Senior secondary
y
31%
Graduation and above
Choice of Handset
Nokia
Entex.
Samsung Lava 1.4% Apple
Sony 3.95% .0.9%
Chinese 7.12%

Spice Nokia
Spice 11.95% 28.1%

Microm
Micromax ax
9.5%
Samsung
Sony Chinese 23.4%
14.12%
Lava
Entex
Apple

3. COMMUNITY AWARENESS PROGRAMME:

Community awareness programme has been undertaken to identify the impact of celebrity
advertising on consumer psychology. A small gathering in the selected location of the survey has
been made for this program including all the age groups and the genders.

IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE:

1. The mobile telephone is no longer just an audio communication tool but capable of providing
additional integrated implications. There are many follow-on and social benefits of mobile
phone use. These usages of Mobile Phone on lives of people have been summarized in the
following text:
2. Easy Communication : It is easy to interact with anyone, from anywhere, at any time, with
more portability, needing no contact with wire or anything else. It also improved
communication skills for sensible users.
3. Continued Communication : These devices can be used on the go as long as there is a
network. Stay connected to people staying away within approach at any time have clearly
made it easier to communicate.
 4. Entertainment : Allowing people to play games, listen to music, watch movies, make video
calls and so on because of the existence of smartphones has widened the horizon of
entertainment activities.
It can be deployed in schools in the so called developing countries to facilitate informal out-of-
school environment learning to further complement formal schooling. Nowadays there is no
need to store notes. Downloading form gadgets provide access to knowledge and interception.
5. Useful in Business : Cost of running a business is reduced resulting in enhanced
entrepreneurship and even small new start-ups can be induced. By reducing information
asymmetries, market inefficiencies and substituting transportation people can offer services to
distant consumers from the comfort of their own premises.
6. Always Connected : With a mobile phone, a person is connected to the internet throughout.
One can receive and send emails, browse websites, download games and videos, book flight
tickets, transfer money to banks, search for directions for unfamiliar places, check friends on
social media and many more.
7. Aide in Emergency Situations : Nothing more than a cell phone comes to great help when
there is a mishap or any emergency. One can even set an alarm for waking up, a reminder for
important tasks.
8. Use for Advertisement : Companies find it a good medium to advertise products; reach the
customers. One can simultaneously discuss some urgent matters or provide directions while
involved in some other urgent work.
9. Role in Economy : From the industry and national economy point of view, communication
companies are flourishing with market capital in thousands of millions.
10. Useful in Studies : The mobile phones effectively fill the gap between individuals and
institutions by easy and effective sharing of information and knowledge and argued to be an
appropriate device for educational delivery.

4. SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME LIMITATIONS:

● It can be deployed in schools in the so-called developing countries to facilitate informal out-of-
school environment learning to further complement formal schooling. Nowadays there is no
need to store notes. Downloading form gadgets provide access to knowledge and interception.
● Useful in Business : Cost of running a business is reduced resulting in enhanced
entrepreneurship and even small new startups can be induced. By reducing information
 asymmetries, market inefficiencies and substituting transportation people can offer services to
distant consumers from the comfort of their own premises.
● Always Connected : With a mobile phone, a person is connected to the internet throughout.
One can receive and send emails, browse websites, download games and videos, book flight
tickets, transfer money to banks, search for directions for unfamiliar places, check friends on
social media and many more.
● Aide in Emergency Situations : Nothing more than a cell phone comes to great help when
there is a mishap or any emergency. One can even set an alarm for waking up, a reminder for
important tasks.
● Use for Advertisement : Companies find it a good medium to advertise products; reach the
customers. One can simultaneously discuss some urgent matters or provide directions while
involved in some other urgent work.

5. OBSERVATIONS AND PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED DURING SURVEY AND

COMMUNITY AWARENESS PROGRAM:

The use of mobile phones is increasing day by day. Today mobile phones have become the
necessity of life. But in spite of all its benefits and plus points, mobile phone use has some
negative and destructive effects on our society. Many scientists believe that the radiation from the
mobile phones may cause the users to have different symptoms such as headache, earaches,
blurring of vision and even causing cancer. Respondents were asked to write negative impacts of
mobile phones they have experienced.
Following are some of the negative impacts of mobile phone use as reported by the respondents:

Negative impact of mobile phone use:

● Increased expenses on phones; be it purchasing of mobile handset or recharging for talk

time or net connectivity. Majority of fifty-six per cent respondents reported that they

have to compromise other expenditures to meet our mobile expenses.

● Respondents reported that they are not able to work properly or face difficulty while

working due to mobile phones.

● Wastage of time and money in discussing useless topics was also a major hack of using
 mobile phones as reported by respondents.

● Increased anxiety, sleep loss, accidents, loss of hearing, risk of cancer and effect on the

brain were some of the negative impacts of mobile phones reported by respondents

(41%).

● During the survey it has been noticed that about forty-eight per cent people reported that

they missed many social events and activities because of being on mobile phones.

● Habit of lying with people was also reported as one of the negative impacts of mobile

phones. .

● Major negative impacts reported were either Having conflict with family members,

spending less time with family members, distance between family members and less

interaction with other people were some of the other negative impacts.

Positive impact of mobile phone use:

Mobile phones have created a "phone culture" among women by enabling their access to

communication tools from which they might otherwise be excluded.

● About 93% of respondents admitted that their way of talking has improved since they

have opted for mobile phones. The mobile phone has immensely improved

communication with family members and helped reduce fears and anxieties. There are a

number of ways that mobile services promote cohesion in families and society, when

family members are away for long periods for study or work, abroad either temporarily

or permanently.

● Respondents iterated that mobile phones removed feelings of loneliness.

People feel confident and less anxious while going out of their homes due to regular

contact with family and friends, to maintain healthy relations with their old friends and

family members living far away. Mobile phones helped to get socialized with people

when it was not possible to meet them in person and helped in building up social
 networks and social relationships; although reducing the cost of travelling.

● The Village Phones have proven their immense potential in boosting income of poor

households in rural areas, promoting health care, and development of agri-business. By

relaying. Group discussions revealed that adolescents and

young adults can access internet on mobile phones while on the go and get knowledge of

any topic and the business people can keep updated with the market up and downs, can

stay in touch with their employees and clients

● Mobile services dramatically improve access to emergency services, which would

otherwise only be available to the wealthy. It also allows families to stay in touch with

each other in the event of natural disasters, communicate with relief providers and obtain

information that will allow timely spread of information, early warnings and better

disaster management.

6. SHORT TERM AND LONG ACTION PLAN:

Mobile phone serves as a productive tool (provides productive services for business owners
when they use the phone to transact business in the form of completing an order or a bid for a
stock), a gatherer and disseminator of information (it removes economic boundary which enables
the user to reach business partners or customers) and a tool to create network opportunities
(Roldan and Wong 2008).
However, there are still many challenges in finding verifiable, replicable data of mobile phones
impacts on rural livelihoods. There are very few in- depth studies carried out in India to document
exposure of rural households to mobile telephony , opportunities offered and factors influencing
the adoption of mobile phone technology which constituted the main objective of this study.
It was also presumed that if different rural segments are systematically studied and analyzed,
organizations willing to enter the emerging rural market will be able to promote their products and
services in a much better manner, leading to capacity building, long-term asset accumulation,
customer satisfaction and in an increased market size furthermore to provide policy implications
and develop programme for the use of technology to promote global growth.
● Majority of respondents used the mobile phone for socialization; to contact friends and

family members 100% of respondents mentioned that mobile phones enable easy
 communication with close family members and friends as well as those from distant

places, particularly for women whose spouses are working in far-off places.

● 75% of respondents were using mobile phones for health services. Whereas about 65%,

56% and 48.5% respondents reported to use mobile phones for education, agriculture,

and economic purposes respectively and low percent respondents use the mobile phone

new technology for SMS Services that can transmit weather, news, sports updates and

stock quotes to the phone's users.

● 98% of respondents mentioned that they used phones to ask for the condition of a sick

person. Out of those respondents reported to use mobile phones for educational purposes

94% used in obtaining information about educational institutes, fees, and admission

procedure ,examination results as well as to find out tutorial and counseling services.

56% of respondents use their mobile phones for agriculture purposes at various stages of

the agricultural cycle to get information about seeds, land, water, manure and agricultural

programmes. People also used mobile phones to discuss prices with buyers and

crosscheck prices for their produce to reduce information asymmetries. Those mentioned

new technologies for example reported voice messaging, instant messaging to be in

contact with individuals or groups at the same time.

Use of internet:

Respondents (36%) used the internet on mobile phones for entertainment, 73% for

seeking information (especially on fashion, politics, sports, movie stars, current affairs and their

profession of interest), language translation, and dictionary. Facebook was also used to send

greetings, daily wishes, funny messages, sharing poetry, jokes, chatting with different groups

and video calling. Sending/ receiving messages were also reported by respondents; mostly to

friends (85%), family members (40%). Whats App, IMO, Hike, Jio Chat, were some of the apps

used for messaging. The result also revealed that rural respondents in the study mainly

download songs, games, pictures, wallpapers, and sometimes news, those reported to upload
 preferred pictures, songs, movies, videos, games and share wallpapers.

Problems faced, Issues of argument and don’t use mobile phone situations:

Rural respondents reported to face problems of charging (75%), and network issues.

More than half of the respondents (54.5%) had arguments for issues like not picking calls when

important, followed by (50.5%) arguments about purchasing a new mobile. Although 73% of

respondents avoid use of the mobile phone during urgent work in the office and home, 65% of

respondents avoid use of the mobile phone while driving.

7. CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded from the above findings that mobile phones have penetrated in the life of

rural people and are spreading at a fast pace. Although primarily bought for the sole purpose of

communication mobile phones are being used for texting, music, recreation, games and other

features of phones and also for the internet.

Mobile phone use and various usages in rural area show variance with reference to age, sex,

education, occupation and such other factors. Due to economic constraints rural people spend a

minimum amount for recharging the mobile phone , keep on changing SIM card and network

according to available cheapest schemes and are unable to purchase next generation phone sets

due to high cost. Mostly mobile phones are used for conversing with friends and family members.

The mobile phones, used in the right perception, not only go to the concerned individual but

the benefits will go to all the people who are directly or indirectly related to the individual.

Access to rapid two-way communications through mobile phones is itself an important

 constituent of rural people's perception of their quality of life.

Respondents are aware of some mobile phone use for business purposes, agriculture and farming

related information to get more crop production, education and extension, supply research, and

financial implication like money transfer, instant payment, online purchasing, payment on

delivery .

Of the various problems encountered in use of mobile phones in rural areas are that of power

failure, network failure, call failure, limited area of coverage, internet connectivity of network,

language, unwanted calls and low awareness.

Benefits derivable for mobile phone use are social connectivity and networks. Being in

contact with faraway people, limiting the need to travel long distances, quick access to

educational, vocational and health information, anytime and anywhere exchange information,

effective disaster management. Most of the respondents are using mobile phones for socialization

and business purposes by either calling or texting the message to the respective persons. At the

same time some of the farmers are also contacting the agricultural call centers for clarifying their

doubts while cultivating their fields.

Some of the negative impacts drawn were increases in expenses, no social life, habit of lying,

disturbed work life, wasting time in useless discussions. Many addiction behaviors like need of

mobile phone all the time, stress due to high mobile phone bill, anxiety, stress, or insecurity

whenever without cell phone, unable to sleep without phone at night, always searching for new

offer on mobile and feel the ringtone even when the phone is not ringing and teased by their

friends for excessive use of mobile phone were reported in rural respondents.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS:
The influence of mobile technology on rural lives is vast and increasing day by day. Current

study provides the scopes in determining where and how mobile phone applicability can be
taken into day to day use facilitating fast, reliable, and affordable means of communication and

information exchange. The sensitization and intervention programmers are the real need of the

hour to control the ill effects of social networking sites on rural lives. There is a need to initiate

awareness campaigns to provide information regarding the impact of mobile phones.

Rural marketing cannot succeed if the strategies and action plan are merely extensions to

urban marketing strategies and plans. In order to make the most of the untapped rural market in

India, companies need to understand the dynamics of rural consumers to formulate marketing

strategies specifically for rural consumers. Here are some of the suggestions based on research

findings, observations of the researcher and group discussion proceedings ,for companies,

service providers and others responsible and interested in rural upliftment –

● There is a need for accelerated development to improve availability, accessibility and

connectivity, modernized networks to improve reliability and operational efficiency and

improved quality of service, reduced operational costs and enhanced customer

satisfaction. This research recommends applicable stakeholders increase investment in

strategies in facilitating rural communities’ access to mobile phone facilities as this is

expected to reduce their vulnerability to external shocks and progress on their livelihood

activities.

● There is a growing market for mobile phone charging services in rural areas. Also,

networks of prepaid card distributors, repair services and accessories are valid

entrepreneur opportunities. Choice of service provider is affected by the facilitating

factors such as network coverage, service quality, easy availability of subscriptions and

bill payment centers.

● Information, knowledge and education can be considered core building blocks of social

empowerment. Mobile phone adoption enables direct access to education. Content and

exercises can be delivered via SMS/ texts or apps to the recipient, who may otherwise

not be able to access any education due to the distance to the nearest institution. People
 can access information through online journals, online dictionaries, newsgroups etc.

● There is a need to educate the mobile phone users on better and diverse use of the mobile

phone technology. The study revealed that many people are not aware of the different

services they could access from their cell phones other than SMS, receiving and making

calls. It is important to explain the people's benefits of technology and also important to

explain the crimes committed in the technology. The changing scenarios have been

demanding professionals at various levels to adapt new ways of education and training.

ICT can play a major role in women empowerment if they are provided employment

opportunities at the village level after providing their suitable training.

● The privilege of obtaining timely health information and services at a lowest cost

irrespective of the class and place can be important. Empowered with various health apps

or free motivational and wellness related health apps, the rural people may stay healthy.

In resources limited settings programmes and spreading voice massages to control

contagious disease can be used to improve health practices.

● The study recommends that in order to benefit optimally from mobile phones, the

subsistence farmers must transit to market-oriented farming and use mobile phones at

higher levels for geared building capacity of farming households through education and

enhance earning potentials through adoption of modern practices and technologies. This

would be possible if government and non-governmental organizations create knowledge

of mobile phone applications to support rural livelihood and make available supporting

infrastructure that can help to mainstream and integrate mobile phones use into rural

livelihood activities.

● Illiteracy leads to an inability to identify brand differences and read the basic text on

packages. Companies give their products shorter names in the local languages and

significance of their brands by pictures and endorsement by local stars to increase

awareness about different programs, function of phones and other intricacies.

● Cheaper access to knowledge and information is a must. Value –added phone, plus

services, such as, voice mail, electronic mail, video text and audio- video conferencing
 for better exploitation of the network, better means of connectivity with others,

productivity in terms of saving money and increasing profits, and a sense of enjoyment

influence the perceived usefulness to improve economic production capacity in the

settings where the poor live.

● Accurate and timely information on modernized agriculture practices to improve yields,

processing, marketing, sales and storage of the produced harvests is essential; for making

right decision. Government should provide up to date global and local information, for

example, weather forecasts and regional recordings of crop diseases and pests on local

mobile phone networks.

● There is a need to provide the technology platform to improve communication among

the farmers for aggregate crop information and to access market information. Market

Information Services are information systems used in gathering, analyzing and

disseminating information about prices and other information relevant to farmers, animal

owners, traders, processors and others involved in handling products. M-learning is

accessible from virtually anywhere and collaborative; sharing is almost instantaneous

reception of instant feedback and tips.

● There is a very wide range of potential related governance services which can be

delivered and communicated via mobile phones, including services relating to health

care, agriculture, education, employment, transportation law and order, tax, judicial and

legal systems, etc.

● Mobile telephony improves commercial supply chains in developing countries. IFFCO is

a recent example which is using mobile technology in its supply chain. With its roots in

cooperatives, IFFCO’s production is supply driven and not demand driven. Finally,

mobile phones act as the best solution for their requirements. Moreover, through IKSL,

they are providing services to farming regarding the use and availability of fertilizers,

which enhance their supply system and farmers become capable of getting the product at

negotiated rates.
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Research (NISER), pp 223-236.
PROJECT LOG BOOK
DOOR TO DOOR
SURVEY
PHOTOS IN MY
HOME TOWN
 AWARENESS
PROGRAMME
IN MY HOME TOWN
WITH STUDENTS AND
VILLAGERS
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