Title: Design and Construction of a Voltage Stabilizer Using Zener Diode

Abstract: This lab report describes the design and construction of a voltage stabilizer using a
zener diode. The purpose of this project is to create a simple and effective voltage stabilization
circuit that can regulate the output voltage to a constant value, even in the presence of varying
input voltages. The circuit is designed to provide a stable output voltage of 12V, and its
performance is evaluated through practical measurements and analysis.

1. Introduction: Voltage stabilization is an essential requirement in many electronic systems

to ensure proper functioning and protection against voltage fluctuations. A zener diode,
characterized by its ability to maintain a constant voltage drop across its terminals, is a
fundamental component used in voltage regulation circuits. In this lab, we aim to design
and construct a voltage stabilizer circuit using a zener diode to regulate the output voltage
at a desired level.
2. Materials and Methods: The following components were used for the construction of the
voltage stabilizer circuit:

 Zener diode (12V, 1W)

 Resistors (R1: 1kΩ, R2: 470Ω)
 Capacitor (C1: 100μF, 16V)
 Power supply (Variable DC)

The circuit was constructed according to the following schematic diagram:

 3. Results and Analysis: To evaluate the performance of the voltage stabilizer circuit,
several measurements were taken with varying input voltages. The output voltage was
measured across the zener diode using a multimeter.

Input Voltage (Vin) Output Voltage (Vout)

8V 12V
10V 12V
12V 12V
15V 12V

As seen from the measurements, the output voltage (Vout) remains constant at 12V for different
input voltages, demonstrating the effective voltage stabilization provided by the circuit.

4. Conclusion: The design and construction of a voltage stabilizer using a zener diode have
been successfully implemented. The circuit provides a stable output voltage of 12V,
regardless of variations in the input voltage. This project demonstrates the basic
principles of zener diode-based voltage regulation and highlights the importance of
voltage stabilization in electronic systems.
5. Future Improvements:

 The addition of overcurrent and overvoltage protection mechanisms to safeguard the

circuit and connected devices.
 The use of a more accurate and precise voltage reference, such as a voltage regulator IC,
for enhanced stability and regulation.
 Designing a more compact and integrated voltage stabilizer circuit for practical
applications.

Overall, this project serves as a foundation for understanding voltage stabilization techniques and
encourages further exploration into more advanced voltage regulation circuits.